Pub Date : 2025-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101586
Scheherazade Rezig , Jean-Philippe Talarmin , Solène Le Gal , Hussam Saad
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors are key drugs in the frontline therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Invasive fungal infection is a well-documented adverse event in patient treated with first-generation BTK inhibitors. This rare but severe adverse event has been described in several case-reports and series in patients receiving ibrutinib, particularly invasive aspergillosis, especially of cerebral location. Second-generation BTK inhibitors such as acalabrutinib are more selective for BTK and are as effective and better tolerated than ibrutinib. Only six case-reports have described an opportunistic fungal infection occurring with second-generation BTK inhibitors. Here, we report the case of a patient who developed fatal invasive pulmonary and cerebral aspergillosis while being treated with acalabrutinib.
{"title":"Cerebral aspergillosis in a patient treated with acalabrutinib, a second generation Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor","authors":"Scheherazade Rezig , Jean-Philippe Talarmin , Solène Le Gal , Hussam Saad","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors are key drugs in the frontline therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Invasive fungal infection is a well-documented adverse event in patient treated with first-generation BTK inhibitors. This rare but severe adverse event has been described in several case-reports and series in patients receiving ibrutinib, particularly invasive aspergillosis, especially of cerebral location. Second-generation BTK inhibitors such as acalabrutinib are more selective for BTK and are as effective and better tolerated than ibrutinib. Only six case-reports have described an opportunistic fungal infection occurring with second-generation BTK inhibitors. Here, we report the case of a patient who developed fatal invasive pulmonary and cerebral aspergillosis while being treated with acalabrutinib.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"35 4","pages":"Article 101586"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101585
Sourav Das , Amrita Mohanty , Esther Sheba , Joveeta Joseph
Purpose
Podospora species are rarely reported as etiological agents of keratitis. This study reports a series of fungal keratitis caused by Podospora bulbillosa, detailing their clinical presentation, treatment outcomes, in vitro antifungal susceptibility and molecular characterization.
Methods
Cases of fungal keratitis caused by Podospora bulbillosa between January-March 2025, were retrospectively reviewed from the electronic medical records (EMR). Following microbiological work up, fungal identification was confirmed by large subunit 28S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing and molecular phylogenetic tree was constructed by Maximum Likelihood method. In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing was conducted using the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method (M38-A2).
Results
Five male patients (aged 5–72 years) presented with Podospora bulbillosa keratitis, all following ocular trauma as the predisposing factor. Clinical presentation included central or paracentral pigmented plaque-like stromal infiltrates with surrounding edema and varying degrees of thinning and hypopyon in advanced cases. All patients received topical natamycin 5 % as primary therapy; while one case involved polymicrobial infection with Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum. Three patients showed clinical resolution with scarring following medical management alone. All Podospora bulbillosa isolates showed low MICs (0.03–0.125 µg/mL) to natamycin, azoles, echinocandins, and amphotericin B, indicating potent in vitro activity.
Conclusion
Notably, all five P. bulbillosa isolates clustered within a single subclade, indicating close genetic relatedness. Podospora bulbillosa keratitis responds well to standard antifungal agents. Molecular tools are crucial for accurate identification of rare, non-sporulating fungal pathogens.
{"title":"Molecular characterization and antifungal susceptibility profile of Podospora bulbillosa keratitis: case series and review of literature","authors":"Sourav Das , Amrita Mohanty , Esther Sheba , Joveeta Joseph","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div><em>Podospora</em> species are rarely reported as etiological agents of keratitis. This study reports a series of fungal keratitis caused by Podospora bulbillosa, detailing their clinical presentation, treatment outcomes, in vitro antifungal susceptibility and molecular characterization.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cases of fungal keratitis caused by Podospora bulbillosa between January-March 2025, were retrospectively reviewed from the electronic medical records (EMR). Following microbiological work up, fungal identification was confirmed by large subunit 28S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing and molecular phylogenetic tree was constructed by Maximum Likelihood method. In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing was conducted using the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method (M38-A2).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Five male patients (aged 5–72 years) presented with Podospora bulbillosa keratitis, all following ocular trauma as the predisposing factor. Clinical presentation included central or paracentral pigmented plaque-like stromal infiltrates with surrounding edema and varying degrees of thinning and hypopyon in advanced cases. All patients received topical natamycin 5 % as primary therapy; while one case involved polymicrobial infection with Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum. Three patients showed clinical resolution with scarring following medical management alone. All Podospora bulbillosa isolates showed low MICs (0.03–0.125 µg/mL) to natamycin, azoles, echinocandins, and amphotericin B, indicating potent in vitro activity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Notably, all five P. bulbillosa isolates clustered within a single subclade, indicating close genetic relatedness. Podospora bulbillosa keratitis responds well to standard antifungal agents. Molecular tools are crucial for accurate identification of rare, non-sporulating fungal pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"35 4","pages":"Article 101585"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145308100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101584
Prasad Thomas , Sonu S. Nair , Mostafa Y. Abdel-Glil , Sudhir K. Prajapati , Subbaiyan Anbazhagan , Shubham Saini , Athira V , Bablu Kumar , Vinod K. Chaturvedi , Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy , G. Saikumar , Premanshu Dandapat , Abhishek
Background
Trichophyton indotineae (earlier Trichophyton mentagrophytes ITS genotype VIII) is a newly defined dermatophyte species frequently reported from India. The strains representing T. indotineae cause dermatophytosis in humans, and some strains exhibit resistance to terbinafine.
Objective
This study aims to characterize the animal strains of T. indotineae at the genomic level and compare them with human strains and other Trichophyton species.
Methods
In this study, we report the generation of de novo WGS data for two strains of T. indotineae isolated from canines of northern India. The genome sequence was subjected to functional and structural annotation, followed by comparative genomics and phylogeny.
Results
Genome assembly and annotation revealed a 22 Mb genome in both strains, comprising approximately 6800 protein-coding genes, and a 24 Kb contig representing the mitochondrion. Functional annotations revealed the presence of around 200 CAZymes and secretomes. The identified proteins include various proteolytic enzymes, such as keratinases, lyases, fungalysins, subtilisins, and chitinases. Orthologous cluster comparison among T. indotineae and T. rubrum identified a LysM effector virulence factor associated with the sequestration of chitin oligosaccharides unique to T. indotineae. Taxonomic inferences involving 69 species representing the Genus Trichophyton revealed similar clustering in genome ANI, mash distance, and core-genome phylogeny. Within all approaches, a total of 16 Indian strains represented T. indotineae. The SNP difference between any two T. indiotinae strains ranged from 8 to 257, indicating limited strain variation within the species. The core-genome phylogeny revealed two major clusters, with no cluster indicating a specific host association. Correlating their phenotypic susceptibility to the anti-fungal drug terbinafine (TRB), the coding sequences (CDS) maintained no amino acid substitutions at key positions 393 and 397. The comparative analysis of the squalene epoxidase gene across the 16 strains revealed a high frequency of SNPs at the 397th position in the squalene epoxidase genes in terbinafine-resistant strains.
Conclusion
To conclude, the study indicates similar genome composition in strains of T. indiotineae from canine and human origin, irrespective of the TRB resistance phenotype. The pathogen and genotypes circulating among humans and animals need to be continuously monitored to determine the exact role of animals in the transmission and endemicity of T. indotineae in India.
{"title":"Whole genome sequencing of terbinafine-sensitive canine strains of Trichophyton indotineae isolated from India","authors":"Prasad Thomas , Sonu S. Nair , Mostafa Y. Abdel-Glil , Sudhir K. Prajapati , Subbaiyan Anbazhagan , Shubham Saini , Athira V , Bablu Kumar , Vinod K. Chaturvedi , Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy , G. Saikumar , Premanshu Dandapat , Abhishek","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Trichophyton indotineae</em> (earlier <em>Trichophyton mentagrophytes</em> ITS genotype VIII) is a newly defined dermatophyte species frequently reported from India. The strains representing <em>T. indotineae</em> cause dermatophytosis in humans, and some strains exhibit resistance to terbinafine.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to characterize the animal strains of <em>T. indotineae</em> at the genomic level and compare them with human strains and other <em>Trichophyton</em> species.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, we report the generation of <em>de novo</em> WGS data for two strains of <em>T. indotineae</em> isolated from canines of northern India. The genome sequence was subjected to functional and structural annotation, followed by comparative genomics and phylogeny.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Genome assembly and annotation revealed a 22 Mb genome in both strains, comprising approximately 6800 protein-coding genes, and a 24 Kb contig representing the mitochondrion. Functional annotations revealed the presence of around 200 CAZymes and secretomes. The identified proteins include various proteolytic enzymes, such as keratinases, lyases, fungalysins, subtilisins, and chitinases. Orthologous cluster comparison among <em>T. indotineae</em> and <em>T. rubrum</em> identified a LysM effector virulence factor associated with the sequestration of chitin oligosaccharides unique to <em>T. indotineae</em>. Taxonomic inferences involving 69 species representing the Genus <em>Trichophyton</em> revealed similar clustering in genome ANI, mash distance, and core-genome phylogeny. Within all approaches, a total of 16 Indian strains represented <em>T. indotineae</em>. The SNP difference between any two <em>T. indiotinae</em> strains ranged from 8 to 257, indicating limited strain variation within the species. The core-genome phylogeny revealed two major clusters, with no cluster indicating a specific host association. Correlating their phenotypic susceptibility to the anti-fungal drug terbinafine (TRB), the coding sequences (CDS) maintained no amino acid substitutions at key positions 393 and 397. The comparative analysis of the squalene epoxidase gene across the 16 strains revealed a high frequency of SNPs at the 397th position in the squalene epoxidase genes in terbinafine-resistant strains.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>To conclude, the study indicates similar genome composition in strains of <em>T. indiotineae</em> from canine and human origin, irrespective of the TRB resistance phenotype. The pathogen and genotypes circulating among humans and animals need to be continuously monitored to determine the exact role of animals in the transmission and endemicity of <em>T. indotineae</em> in India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"35 4","pages":"Article 101584"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145354922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101583
Ianca Karine Prudencio de Albuquerque , Florent Morio , Marjorie Albassier , Luc Baron , Léa Duchesne , Patrice Le Pape , Isabelle Ourliac-Garnier
Diutina catenulata, formerly Candida catenulata, is found in diverse substrates, including soil, food, animals, and humans. It is recognized as an emerging human pathogen responsible for various diseases, including invasive infections in susceptible hosts, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. This study aimed to assess the phenotypic profiles, in vitro responses to various stressful conditions, and in vivo virulence of D. catenulata isolates from different origins (human, veterinary, and environmental). In vitro antifungal susceptibility to fluconazole, voriconazole, micafungin and amphotericin B was also determined for all isolates. Most D. catenulata isolates exhibited a light blue coloration on CHROMID® Candida agar. Different profiles were observed on the Spider medium, suggesting different behavior among the isolates. All isolates of D. catenulata were highly sensitive to oxidative and osmotic stress as demonstrated by exposure to H2O2 and 1.5 M NaCl, respectively whereas no unique pattern was evidenced concerning the response to cell wall stressors or membrane stressors. In addition to acquired azole resistance for some isolates, these findings provide valuable insights into the strain-dependent responses of D. catenulata to various stress factors. Using Galleria mellonella, we highlighted a wide range of virulence profiles among the isolates. Overall, this research demonstrates that the observed responses are strain-dependent rather than sample-source-dependent.
连环假丝酵母（Diutina catenulata），原名连环假丝酵母（Candida catenulata），存在于土壤、食物、动物和人类等多种基质中。它被认为是一种新出现的人类病原体，可导致各种疾病，包括易感宿主，特别是免疫功能低下个体的侵袭性感染。本研究旨在评估来自不同来源（人类、兽医和环境）的D. catenulata分离株的表型特征、对各种应激条件的体外反应和体内毒力。同时测定各菌株对氟康唑、伏立康唑、米卡芬净和两性霉素B的体外抗真菌敏感性。大多数catenulata菌株在CHROMID®假丝酵母琼脂上呈浅蓝色。在蜘蛛培养基上观察到不同的分布，表明不同菌株的行为不同。在H2O2和1.5 M NaCl环境下，所有菌株对氧化胁迫和渗透胁迫均表现出高度敏感，而细胞壁胁迫和膜胁迫均无独特的响应模式。除了一些菌株获得性抗唑外，这些发现还为线虫对各种应激因子的菌株依赖性反应提供了有价值的见解。利用mellonella Galleria，我们在分离株中强调了广泛的毒力概况。总的来说，这项研究表明，观察到的反应是菌株依赖，而不是样品来源依赖。
{"title":"A one health perspective on Diutina catenulata: Phenotypic traits, stress sensitivity, and virulence across diverse isolates","authors":"Ianca Karine Prudencio de Albuquerque , Florent Morio , Marjorie Albassier , Luc Baron , Léa Duchesne , Patrice Le Pape , Isabelle Ourliac-Garnier","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Diutina catenulata</em>, formerly <em>Candida catenulata</em>, is found in diverse substrates, including soil, food, animals, and humans. It is recognized as an emerging human pathogen responsible for various diseases, including invasive infections in susceptible hosts, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. This study aimed to assess the phenotypic profiles, <em>in vitro</em> responses to various stressful conditions, and <em>in vivo</em> virulence of <em>D. catenulata</em> isolates from different origins (human, veterinary, and environmental). <em>In vitro</em> antifungal susceptibility to fluconazole, voriconazole, micafungin and amphotericin B was also determined for all isolates. Most <em>D. catenulata</em> isolates exhibited a light blue coloration on CHROMID® <em>Candida</em> agar. Different profiles were observed on the Spider medium, suggesting different behavior among the isolates. All isolates of <em>D. catenulata</em> were highly sensitive to oxidative and osmotic stress as demonstrated by exposure to H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and 1.5 M NaCl, respectively whereas no unique pattern was evidenced concerning the response to cell wall stressors or membrane stressors. In addition to acquired azole resistance for some isolates, these findings provide valuable insights into the strain-dependent responses of <em>D. catenulata</em> to various stress factors. Using <em>Galleria mellonella,</em> we highlighted a wide range of virulence profiles among the isolates. Overall, this research demonstrates that the observed responses are strain-dependent rather than sample-source-dependent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"35 4","pages":"Article 101583"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tinea capitis (TC) is a common fungal infection predominantly affecting school-aged children while being rare among adults. Few studies, particularly in Tunisia, have specifically focused on TC in adults. This retrospective study aimed to assess the epidemiological and mycological profile of adult TC in central Tunisia (North Africa).
Methods
A retrospective study of adult TC cases diagnosed at the Farhat Hached University Hospital of Sousse, in Tunisia, has been carried out over a 14-year period (2009–2022). Diagnosis was based on clinical presentation and mycological culture. Of 3711 patients examined, 41 adult patients (24 women and 17 men) were diagnosed with TC. The mean age was 43 years old. Ten patients had a history of corticosteroid therapy. Physical examination revealed associated tinea corporis in 6 cases (14.6 %), onychomycosis in 10 cases (24 %) and both those conditions concomitantly in one patient (2.4 %). Direct examination was positive in 97.5 % of cases. The most prevalent species of dermatophyte were Trichophyton violaceum (46 %) and Microsporum canis (34 %). In the majority of cases, the course of treatment was favorable.
Conclusion
We highlight TC as an uncommon condition in adults, with a higher prevalence observed in women, particularly postmenopausal women. Adult TC, though uncommon, should be considered in differential diagnoses for scalp lesions in elderly patients due to potential atypical presentations. Trichophyton violaceum is the most frequent species in central Tunisia. Accurate mycological diagnosis and identification of contributing factors remain crucial.
{"title":"Tinea capitis in adults: A 14-year retrospective study in central Tunisia","authors":"Hamed Chouaieb , Mohammad Akhoundi , Nadia Ghariani Fetoui , Yasmine Kalboussi , Samar Ismail , Imen Khammari , Sophie Brun , Mohamed Denguezli , Akila Fathallah","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Tinea capitis (TC) is a common fungal infection predominantly affecting school-aged children while being rare among adults. Few studies, particularly in Tunisia, have specifically focused on TC in adults. This retrospective study aimed to assess the epidemiological and mycological profile of adult TC in central Tunisia (North Africa).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective study of adult TC cases diagnosed at the Farhat Hached University Hospital of Sousse, in Tunisia, has been carried out over a 14-year period (2009–2022). Diagnosis was based on clinical presentation and mycological culture. Of 3711 patients examined, 41 adult patients (24 women and 17 men) were diagnosed with TC. The mean age was 43 years old. Ten patients had a history of corticosteroid therapy. Physical examination revealed associated tinea corporis in 6 cases (14.6 %), onychomycosis in 10 cases (24 %) and both those conditions concomitantly in one patient (2.4 %). Direct examination was positive in 97.5 % of cases. The most prevalent species of dermatophyte were <em>Trichophyton violaceum</em> (46 %) and <em>Microsporum canis</em> (34 %). In the majority of cases, the course of treatment was favorable.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We highlight TC as an uncommon condition in adults, with a higher prevalence observed in women, particularly postmenopausal women. Adult TC, though uncommon, should be considered in differential diagnoses for scalp lesions in elderly patients due to potential atypical presentations. <em>Trichophyton violaceum</em> is the most frequent species in central Tunisia. Accurate mycological diagnosis and identification of contributing factors remain crucial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"35 4","pages":"Article 101582"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-09DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101580
Diego Henrique Morandi , Maria Gabriela Martins dos Reis , Aline Ratuchne , Ricardo Sérgio Couto de Almeida , Guilherme Fonseca Reis , Luciano Aparecido Panagio
Superficial mycoses present several clinical manifestations, ranging from lesions of the skin and its appendages to progression into disseminated infections. Antifungal resistance to currently available drugs is a global public health concern, necessitating novel antimicrobial compounds. Metal nanoparticles or simvastatin (SIM), via drug repositioning, represent promising avenues. The aims of this study were to synthesize and characterize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and to evaluate their antifungal activity in combination with simvastatin against T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, N. gypsea, C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and M. pachydermatis. Nanoparticles were biosynthesized using the supernatant of L. ornata and characterized by UV–Vis, FTIR, zeta potential analysis, DLS, and EDXRF. Their antifungal activity was assessed via broth microdilution (MIC) and checkerboard assays to evaluate agent interactions. MIC values ranged from 1 to 8.7 µg/mL for AgNPs, 194.5 to 778 µg/mL for SeNPs, and 78 to 312.5 µg/mL for simvastatin. A synergistic effect was observed between AgNPs and simvastatin against T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes. The L. ornata strain demonstrated the ability to synthesize AgNPs and SeNPs, though further research is required to optimize SeNP production. The tested compounds displayed antifungal activity against most of the species analyzed, highlighting their potential as promising alternatives for treating superficial mycoses and combating antifungal resistance.
{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, and antifungal activity of metallic nanoparticles and simvastatin against fungi that cause superficial infections","authors":"Diego Henrique Morandi , Maria Gabriela Martins dos Reis , Aline Ratuchne , Ricardo Sérgio Couto de Almeida , Guilherme Fonseca Reis , Luciano Aparecido Panagio","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Superficial mycoses present several clinical manifestations, ranging from lesions of the skin and its appendages to progression into disseminated infections. Antifungal resistance to currently available drugs is a global public health concern, necessitating novel antimicrobial compounds. Metal nanoparticles or simvastatin (SIM), via drug repositioning, represent promising avenues. The aims of this study were to synthesize and characterize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and to evaluate their antifungal activity in combination with simvastatin against <em>T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, N. gypsea, C. albicans, C. tropicalis</em>, and <em>M. pachydermatis</em>. Nanoparticles were biosynthesized using the supernatant of <em>L. ornata</em> and characterized by UV–Vis, FTIR, zeta potential analysis, DLS, and EDXRF. Their antifungal activity was assessed via broth microdilution (MIC) and checkerboard assays to evaluate agent interactions. MIC values ranged from 1 to 8.7 µg/mL for AgNPs, 194.5 to 778 µg/mL for SeNPs, and 78 to 312.5 µg/mL for simvastatin. A synergistic effect was observed between AgNPs and simvastatin against <em>T. rubrum</em> and <em>T. mentagrophytes</em>. The <strong><em>L. ornata</em></strong> strain demonstrated the ability to synthesize AgNPs and SeNPs, though further research is required to optimize SeNP production. The tested compounds displayed antifungal activity against most of the species analyzed, highlighting their potential as promising alternatives for treating superficial mycoses and combating antifungal resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"35 4","pages":"Article 101580"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145308043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-09DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101581
Carlos Solórzano, Johiner Vanegas, Maria Alejandra Caro, Maria Camila Rubio
Histoplasmosis is an endemic mycosis in some regions affecting particularly immunosuppressed individuals. The global prevalence of disseminated histoplasmosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients is <1 %, but rises in endemic areas such as Colombia. Clinical manifestations in those patients are atypical, ranging from non-specific symptoms to severe cases of multi-organ failure. Given its rarity and the nonspecific nature of its symptoms, disseminated histoplasmosis in the context of systemic lupus erythematosus remains a diagnostic challenge.
A 28-year-old female patient with a history of SLE diagnosed in 2009 presented to our clinic in February 2024. The patient reported an acute onset of non-specific symptoms, with a subsequent treatment for a suspected bacterial lung infection and successfully discharged. However, due to persistent fever and ongoing weight loss, she returned for further evaluation. Initially a thoracic computed tomography and fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed, with negative results for tuberculosis (TB), however TB treatment was empirically initiated according to imagenological findings. During hospitalization, the patient developed gastrointestinal bleeding, prompting further investigations and confirming Histoplasma capsulatum in a biopsy. Despite the antifungal therapy, the patient’s condition deteriorated, culminating in multiorgan failure and death 10 days later.
This case underscores the importance of prompt and accurate diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with SLE. The clinical presentation can mimic a lupus flare or other infectious diseases, potentially delaying the initiation of appropriate therapy. In endemic regions such as Latin America, it is critical to include disseminated histoplasmosis in the differential diagnosis of febrile illness in immunosuppressed patients.
{"title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis in erythematosus systemic lupus: A case report and review","authors":"Carlos Solórzano, Johiner Vanegas, Maria Alejandra Caro, Maria Camila Rubio","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Histoplasmosis is an endemic mycosis in some regions affecting particularly immunosuppressed individuals. The global prevalence of disseminated histoplasmosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients is <1 %, but rises in endemic areas such as Colombia. Clinical manifestations in those patients are atypical, ranging from non-specific symptoms to severe cases of multi-organ failure. Given its rarity and the nonspecific nature of its symptoms, disseminated histoplasmosis in the context of systemic lupus erythematosus remains a diagnostic challenge.</div><div>A 28-year-old female patient with a history of SLE diagnosed in 2009 presented to our clinic in February 2024. The patient reported an acute onset of non-specific symptoms, with a subsequent treatment for a suspected bacterial lung infection and successfully discharged. However, due to persistent fever and ongoing weight loss, she returned for further evaluation. Initially a thoracic computed tomography and fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed, with negative results for tuberculosis (TB), however TB treatment was empirically initiated according to imagenological findings. During hospitalization, the patient developed gastrointestinal bleeding, prompting further investigations and confirming <em>Histoplasma capsulatum</em> in a biopsy. Despite the antifungal therapy, the patient’s condition deteriorated, culminating in multiorgan failure and death 10 days later.</div><div>This case underscores the importance of prompt and accurate diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with SLE. The clinical presentation can mimic a lupus flare or other infectious diseases, potentially delaying the initiation of appropriate therapy. In endemic regions such as Latin America, it is critical to include disseminated histoplasmosis in the differential diagnosis of febrile illness in immunosuppressed patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"35 4","pages":"Article 101581"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-02DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101577
Peiying Chen , Siyuan Tao , Simin Xu , Yangyang Yong , Fei Gao , Yuan Chen , Chujie Lu , Wei Lin
Background
A rising public health threat of invasive aspergillosis causing by azole-resistant Aspergillus species necessitates the development of novel antifungal agents. We performed a screening of antifungal compounds against azole-resistant fungi and broxyquinoline was identified. Our aim was to investigate its antifungal activities and antifungal mechanism.
Methods
Fungal susceptibility testing for broxyquinoline carried out by the broth-based microdilution methods. Cell viability treated by broxyquinoline was tested by resazurin dye testing. The synergistic effect of broxyquinoline and itraconazole was evaluated using checkboard assay. Enzyme activity was investigated with spectrophotometric methods. The key amino acid residues in the binding of broxyquinoline with A. fumigatus methionine aminopeptidase (AfMetAP) were indicated by structural analyses, site-directed mutagenesis, and microscale thermophoresis (MST) assays.
Results
Broxyquinoline has fungicidal activity against azole-resistant A. fumigatus and synergistic effects with itraconazole. Moreover, we discovered that broxyquinoline is strong inhibitor of AfMetAP through interacting with key residues T279A/W280A of AfMetAP1 and Y527A of AfMetAP2, and in vivo, the strains with high expression of AfMetAP are resistant to BQ.
Conclusions
Broxyquinoline has antifungal activities against azole-resistant Aspergillus spp. and is also a potentiator of ITC in vitro. AfMetAP may biologically targets to BQ in vivo regulating antifungal activity. T279A/W280A of AfMetAP1 and Y527A of AfMetAP2 are key amino acid sites to maintain stable interactions between broxyquinoline and target enzymes AfMetAP.
{"title":"Novel antifungal activity of broxyquinoline against ITC-Resistant mutants via inhibition of methionine aminopeptidase in Aspergillus fumigatus","authors":"Peiying Chen , Siyuan Tao , Simin Xu , Yangyang Yong , Fei Gao , Yuan Chen , Chujie Lu , Wei Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A rising public health threat of invasive aspergillosis causing by azole-resistant <em>Aspergillus</em> species necessitates the development of novel antifungal agents. We performed a screening of antifungal compounds against azole-resistant fungi and broxyquinoline was identified. Our aim was to investigate its antifungal activities and antifungal mechanism.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fungal susceptibility testing for broxyquinoline carried out by the broth-based microdilution methods. Cell viability treated by broxyquinoline was tested by resazurin dye testing. The synergistic effect of broxyquinoline and itraconazole was evaluated using checkboard assay. Enzyme activity was investigated with spectrophotometric methods. The key amino acid residues in the binding of broxyquinoline with <em>A. fumigatus</em> methionine aminopeptidase (<em>Af</em>MetAP) were indicated by structural analyses, site-directed mutagenesis, and microscale thermophoresis (MST) assays.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Broxyquinoline has fungicidal activity against azole-resistant <em>A. fumigatus</em> and synergistic effects with itraconazole. Moreover, we discovered that broxyquinoline is strong inhibitor of <em>Af</em>MetAP through interacting with key residues T279A/W280A of <em>Af</em>MetAP1 and Y527A of <em>Af</em>MetAP2, and <em>in vivo,</em> the strains with high expression of <em>Af</em>MetAP are resistant to BQ.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Broxyquinoline has antifungal activities against azole-resistant <em>Aspergillus</em> spp. and is also a potentiator of ITC <em>in vitro. Af</em>MetAP may biologically targets to BQ <em>in vivo</em> regulating antifungal activity. T279A/W280A of <em>Af</em>MetAP1 and Y527A of <em>Af</em>MetAP2 are key amino acid sites to maintain stable interactions between broxyquinoline and target enzymes <em>Af</em>MetAP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"35 4","pages":"Article 101577"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report, to the best of our knowledge, the first two cases of Trichophyton (T.) indotineae infection observed in a couple of Italian engaged men who have sex with men (MSM), potentially acquired through sexual contact with a third man from India.
This article also provides a narrative review of the most recent existing literature on the potential sexual transmission of genital dermatophytoses. For dermatophytosis sexual transmission is a presumptive diagnosis but some clinical criteria may raise suspicion of sexual transmission, such as the occurrence of genital lesions in individuals with high-risk sexual behavior, without simultaneous involvement of the feet and/or nails, without a history of contact with infected animals, and the presence of similar lesions in sexual partners.
In recent years, several reports have indicated a potential sexual transmission of genital dermatophytosis, mainly caused by T. mentagrophytes genotype VII (TMVII), first observed in heterosexual individuals and then also in groups of MSM, suggesting a potentially unnoticed epidemic at the European level. From 2020 onwards, the emergence of T. indotineae, a novel strain closely related to TMVII, yet often associated with Terbinafine resistance, has been documented in more than 30 countries worldwide. Laboratory identification requires advanced molecular techniques, as culture-based methods are unable to differentiate T. indotineae from other Trichophyton species. A proper species-level diagnosis is essential to establish the appropriate treatment. Dermatologists should be aware of the international spread of this new strain and its potential sexual transmission and conduct targeted mycological tests in at-risk populations.
{"title":"Terbinafine-resistant Trichophyton indotineae in two Italian MSM: a new emerging sexually transmissible infection","authors":"Luigi Pisano , Deborah Cruciani , Silvia Crotti , Manuela Papini","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report, to the best of our knowledge, the first two cases of <em>Trichophyton (T.) indotineae</em> infection observed in a couple of Italian engaged men who have sex with men (MSM), potentially acquired through sexual contact with a third man from India.</div><div>This article also provides a narrative review of the most recent existing literature on the potential sexual transmission of genital dermatophytoses. For dermatophytosis sexual transmission is a presumptive diagnosis but some clinical criteria may raise suspicion of sexual transmission, such as the occurrence of genital lesions in individuals with high-risk sexual behavior, without simultaneous involvement of the feet and/or nails, without a history of contact with infected animals, and the presence of similar lesions in sexual partners.</div><div>In recent years, several reports have indicated a potential sexual transmission of genital dermatophytosis, mainly caused by <em>T. mentagrophytes</em> genotype VII (TMVII), first observed in heterosexual individuals and then also in groups of MSM, suggesting a potentially unnoticed epidemic at the European level. From 2020 onwards, the emergence of <em>T. indotineae</em>, a novel strain closely related to TMVII, yet often associated with Terbinafine resistance, has been documented in more than 30 countries worldwide. Laboratory identification requires advanced molecular techniques, as culture-based methods are unable to differentiate <em>T. indotineae</em> from other <em>Trichophyton</em> species. A proper species-level diagnosis is essential to establish the appropriate treatment. Dermatologists should be aware of the international spread of this new strain and its potential sexual transmission and conduct targeted mycological tests in at-risk populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"35 4","pages":"Article 101578"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-02DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101579
David Koffi , Francis K. Kouadjo , Stephane T. Koui , Kader Diarrassouba , Benjamin Djedji , Jon Salmanton-García , Valerie Ira-Bonouman , Joseph A. Djaman , Andre O. Toure
Background
The diversity of fungal species involved in medical mycology and the increasing rates of resistances make antifungal therapy increasingly challenging. A strategic approach aims to prevent the spread of resistant fungal pathogens and address the prolonged culture time required for fungal identification. The identification of microscopic fungi in biological samples has gained growing interest in molecular biology. The promising isothermal amplification technique can overcome the shortcomings of conventional methods by offering a short reaction time, as well as high specificity and sensitivity.
Objective
This study was initiated to develop a rapid method for identifying fungi from patient biological samples.
Materials.and.Methods
Ninety biological samples were collected from patients and various anatomical sites. The samples were cultured, and DNA extraction was performed on the isolates and biological products. The obtained DNA was used for amplification via RPA (Recombinase Polymerase Amplification).
Results
The results demonstrated varying sensitivity and specificity depending on the type of biological sample, with high sensitivity and specificity for mucosal samples (100 %, respectively), followed by those of invasive mycoses (80 % and 67 %, respectively), and superficial mycoses (72 % sensitivity).
Conclusion
The overall sensitivity and specificity of the RPA method across all sample types were elevated, with 92 % and 100 %, respectively.
{"title":"Performance of recombinase polymerase amplification-based assay (RPA) for rapid detection of fungal pathogens in clinical samples of patients in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire","authors":"David Koffi , Francis K. Kouadjo , Stephane T. Koui , Kader Diarrassouba , Benjamin Djedji , Jon Salmanton-García , Valerie Ira-Bonouman , Joseph A. Djaman , Andre O. Toure","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The diversity of fungal species involved in medical mycology and the increasing rates of resistances make antifungal therapy increasingly challenging. A strategic approach aims to prevent the spread of resistant fungal pathogens and address the prolonged culture time required for fungal identification. The identification of microscopic fungi in biological samples has gained growing interest in molecular biology. The promising isothermal amplification technique can overcome the shortcomings of conventional methods by offering a short reaction time, as well as high specificity and sensitivity.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study was initiated to develop a rapid method for identifying fungi from patient biological samples.</div></div><div><h3>Materials.and.Methods</h3><div>Ninety biological samples were collected from patients and various anatomical sites. The samples were cultured, and DNA extraction was performed on the isolates and biological products. The obtained DNA was used for amplification via RPA (Recombinase Polymerase Amplification).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results demonstrated varying sensitivity and specificity depending on the type of biological sample, with high sensitivity and specificity for mucosal samples (100 %, respectively), followed by those of invasive mycoses (80 % and 67 %, respectively), and superficial mycoses (72 % sensitivity).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The overall sensitivity and specificity of the RPA method across all sample types were elevated, with 92 % and 100 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"35 4","pages":"Article 101579"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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