Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101529
Terhi Juusola , Elina Aho-Laukkanen , Marko Rahkonen , Vesa Mäki-Koivisto , Ilkka S. Junttila
Background
Cryptococcus neoformans is an important fungal pathogen causing pneumonia and central nervous system infections mainly in immunocompromised hosts. Fingolimod is an immunomodulatory drug approved in the US and Europe for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Case presentation
We herein report a case of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in a 46-year-old male with a history of fingolimod for five years. He suffered from a progressive headache and visual impairment. These symptoms led to a suspicion of a central nervous system infection and C. neoformans was identified with nucleic acid-based PCR method. Subsequently, appropriate treatment was initiated, and the patient recovered.
Conclusions
Our case underlines the importance of active diagnostic measures such as cerebrospinal fluid analysis in patients under fingolimod treatment with central nervous symptoms. While multiple sclerosis may cause headache and vision impairment, similar symptoms may be caused by central nervous system infections. It has been suggested that fingolimod may subject one to infections and this may occur even years after initiation of the treatment. For our case patient Cerebrospinal fluid sample combined with PCR-based identification provided a rapid diagnosis.
{"title":"Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in a patient on immunomodulatory drug: A case report","authors":"Terhi Juusola , Elina Aho-Laukkanen , Marko Rahkonen , Vesa Mäki-Koivisto , Ilkka S. Junttila","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Cryptococcus neoformans</em> is an important fungal pathogen causing pneumonia and central nervous system infections mainly in immunocompromised hosts. Fingolimod is an immunomodulatory drug approved in the US and Europe for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>We herein report a case of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in a 46-year-old male with a history of fingolimod for five years. He suffered from a progressive headache and visual impairment. These symptoms led to a suspicion of a central nervous system infection and <em>C. neoformans</em> was identified with nucleic acid-based PCR method. Subsequently, appropriate treatment was initiated, and the patient recovered.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our case underlines the importance of active diagnostic measures such as cerebrospinal fluid analysis in patients under fingolimod treatment with central nervous symptoms. While multiple sclerosis may cause headache and vision impairment, similar symptoms may be caused by central nervous system infections. It has been suggested that fingolimod may subject one to infections and this may occur even years after initiation of the treatment. For our case patient Cerebrospinal fluid sample combined with PCR-based identification provided a rapid diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 101529"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142931740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101528
Nambininiavo Marianne Ranorohasimanana , Mohammad Akhoundi , Alexandra Dorleans , Emma Benamari , Sedera Radoniaina Rakotondrasoa , Dina Haribenja Rasoavololona , Masy Nasandratra Razafindrakotosoa , Arezki Izri , Lala Rasoamialy-Soa Razanakolona , Sophie Brun
Objectives
This study aimed to determine the prevalence, clinical, and epidemiological features of tinea capitis (TC) in schoolchildren in Mahajanga city, north-west Madagascar, to identify the etiological dermatophyte species by morphological, proteomic and molecular approaches and ultimately to analyze the risk factors promoting TC in the studied region.
Methods
A survey was conducted in a randomly selected primary school. Symptomatic schoolchildren with signs resembling TC were sampled by scraping and sterile swabbing after examination of the scalp with a Wood's lamp. The collected specimens were then analyzed by a combination of conventional, proteomic, and molecular examinations
Results
The results of this study revealed a prevalence of TC of 8.7 % (39/449). Boys were much more affected than girls (M/F = 3.3). A little more than half (53.8 %) of TC cases exhibited large (>2 cm) alopecic patches. Pruritus was the most frequent clinical sign in 74.4 % of cases. The incriminated species identified by morphology and confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and ITS sequencing were exclusively Microsporum audouinii. Playing football, running and contact with animals were statistically associated with TC. Inversely, the use of soap and the application of styling oil were protective against TC.
Conclusion
In this first investigation carried out in Mahajanga city, the prevalence of TC was 8.7 % and M. audouinii was the only responsible agent identified by three methods. Molecular approach allowed identification of the dermatophyte species in the specimens with inconclusive culture but positive direct examination. The risk factors such as playing football, running and contact with animals were significantly associated with TC.
{"title":"Prevalence of tinea capitis among schoolchildren in Mahajanga, northern Madagascar: An epidemio-clinical survey using conventional, proteomic and molecular approaches","authors":"Nambininiavo Marianne Ranorohasimanana , Mohammad Akhoundi , Alexandra Dorleans , Emma Benamari , Sedera Radoniaina Rakotondrasoa , Dina Haribenja Rasoavololona , Masy Nasandratra Razafindrakotosoa , Arezki Izri , Lala Rasoamialy-Soa Razanakolona , Sophie Brun","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to determine the prevalence, clinical, and epidemiological features of tinea capitis (TC) in schoolchildren in Mahajanga city, north-west Madagascar, to identify the etiological dermatophyte species by morphological, proteomic and molecular approaches and ultimately to analyze the risk factors promoting TC in the studied region.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A survey was conducted in a randomly selected primary school. Symptomatic schoolchildren with signs resembling TC were sampled by scraping and sterile swabbing after examination of the scalp with a Wood's lamp. The collected specimens were then analyzed by a combination of conventional, proteomic, and molecular examinations</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results of this study revealed a prevalence of TC of 8.7 % (39/449). Boys were much more affected than girls (M/<em>F</em> = 3.3). A little more than half (53.8 %) of TC cases exhibited large (>2 cm) alopecic patches. Pruritus was the most frequent clinical sign in 74.4 % of cases. The incriminated species identified by morphology and confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and ITS sequencing were exclusively <em>Microsporum audouinii</em>. Playing football, running and contact with animals were statistically associated with TC. Inversely, the use of soap and the application of styling oil were protective against TC.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In this first investigation carried out in Mahajanga city, the prevalence of TC was 8.7 % and <em>M. audouinii</em> was the only responsible agent identified by three methods. Molecular approach allowed identification of the dermatophyte species in the specimens with inconclusive culture but positive direct examination. The risk factors such as playing football, running and contact with animals were significantly associated with TC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 101528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increasing resistance of Candida albicans biofilms underscores the urgent need for effective antifungals. This study evaluated the efficacy of zingerone and elucidated its mode of action against C. albicans ATCC 90028 and clinical isolate C1.
Experimental Procedure
Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of zingerone were determined using CLSI methods against planktonic cells, biofilm formation, and yeast-to-hyphal transition. The mode of action was investigated through fluorescent microscopy, ergosterol assays, cell cycle analysis, and RT-PCR for gene expression.
Key Results
Zingerone inhibited planktonic growth and biofilm formation at in C. albicans ATCC 90028 and clinical isolate C1 at 2 mg/mL 4 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL respectively. Treatment with the MIC concentration caused significant cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, halting proliferation in both the strains. Propidium iodide Staining revealed compromised membrane integrity in both the strains. Also, acridine orange and ethidium bromide dual staining showed increased dead cell proportions in C. albicans ATCC 90028. RT-PCR studies showed downregulation of BCY1, PDE2, EFG1, and upregulation of negative regulators NRG1, TUP1 disrupting growth and virulence pathways. Zingerone induced elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, triggering apoptosis, evidenced by DNA fragmentation and upregulation of apoptotic markers. It also inhibited ergosterol synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner, crucial for membrane integrity. Importantly, zingerone exhibited minimal hemolytic activity. In an in vivo silkworm model, zingerone demonstrated significant antifungal efficacy, protecting silkworms from infection. It also modulated stress response genes, highlighting its multifaceted action.
Conclusions
In vitro and in vivo findings confirm the potent antifungal efficacy of zingerone against C. albicans ATCC 90028 and clinical isolate C1, suggesting its promising potential as a therapeutic agent that warrants further exploration.
{"title":"Zingerone effect against Candida albicans growth and biofilm production","authors":"Sayali Chougule , Sargun Basrani , Tanjila Gavandi , Shivani Patil , Shivanand Yankanchi , Ashwini Jadhav , Sankunny Mohan Karuppayil","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The increasing resistance of <em>Candida albicans</em> biofilms underscores the urgent need for effective antifungals. This study evaluated the efficacy of zingerone and elucidated its mode of action against <em>C. albicans</em> ATCC 90028 and clinical isolate C1.</div></div><div><h3>Experimental Procedure</h3><div>Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of zingerone were determined using CLSI methods against planktonic cells, biofilm formation, and yeast-to-hyphal transition. The mode of action was investigated through fluorescent microscopy, ergosterol assays, cell cycle analysis, and RT-PCR for gene expression.</div></div><div><h3>Key Results</h3><div>Zingerone inhibited planktonic growth and biofilm formation at in <em>C. albicans</em> ATCC 90028 and clinical isolate C1 at 2 mg/mL 4 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL respectively. Treatment with the MIC concentration caused significant cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, halting proliferation in both the strains. Propidium iodide Staining revealed compromised membrane integrity in both the strains. Also, acridine orange and ethidium bromide dual staining showed increased dead cell proportions in <em>C. albicans</em> ATCC 90028. RT-PCR studies showed downregulation of <em>BCY1, PDE2, EFG1</em>, and upregulation of negative regulators <em>NRG1, TUP1</em> disrupting growth and virulence pathways. Zingerone induced elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, triggering apoptosis, evidenced by DNA fragmentation and upregulation of apoptotic markers. It also inhibited ergosterol synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner, crucial for membrane integrity. Importantly, zingerone exhibited minimal hemolytic activity. In an <em>in vivo</em> silkworm model, zingerone demonstrated significant antifungal efficacy, protecting silkworms from infection. It also modulated stress response genes, highlighting its multifaceted action.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div><em>In vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> findings confirm the potent antifungal efficacy of zingerone against <em>C. albicans</em> ATCC 90028 and clinical isolate C1, suggesting its promising potential as a therapeutic agent that warrants further exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 101527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101521
K. Hjouji , A. El Barnossi , M. Er-rajy , I. Atemni , A. Grenha , M. Yagoubi , T. Ainane , M. Taleb , Z. Rais
Datura Stramonium is a well-known and important medicinal plant that is widely used in various medical systems to treat conditions such as asthma, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to prepare extracts of D. stramonium seeds in different solvent polarities for assessing phytochemical potential, in vitro biological activities, and molecular docking studies. Phytochemical screening was conducted to determine the phytochemical composition, while GC-MS analysis was used to identify secondary metabolites of D. Stramonium. The seed extracts were molecularly docked to evaluate bioactive and antioxidant activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts against bacteria such as S. aureus, E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Proteus mirabilis was determined. Antifungal activity was also tested against fungi including Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans. The results of phytochemical screening indicated that the primary plant constituents in all extracts of different polarities are alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, mucilage, sterols, heterosides, triterpenoids, and cardiac glycosides. Most molecules in the hexane, ether, and chloroform extracts consist of fatty acids, sterols, glycosides, triterpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds, as revealed by GC-MS analysis. Conversely, extracts from polar solvents like methanol, ethanol, and water are abundant in alkaloids. In vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities demonstrated that ether, methanol, and ethanol extracts were more effective than inhibiting the four bacterial strains compared to the antibiotics Oxacillin and Cefuroxime. The ether and methanol extracts exhibited better zones of inhibition and significant MIC values against A. niger and C. albicans compared to the control and fluconazole. The free radical inhibition (DPPH) (24.92 ± 5.31 μg/mL) for the ethanol extract indicates Datura's antioxidant capacity. It is believed that the main phytochemicals are responsible for the enhanced antioxidant activity observed in other studies. The docking study revealed that the bioactive compounds linoleic acid and atropine formed better hydrogen bonding interactions with proteins than pi-alkyl and alkyl bonds.
{"title":"Inhibitory potency of active metabolites from different polarities of Datura Stramonium seed extracts: GC-MS analysis, biological evaluations, and molecular docking studies","authors":"K. Hjouji , A. El Barnossi , M. Er-rajy , I. Atemni , A. Grenha , M. Yagoubi , T. Ainane , M. Taleb , Z. Rais","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Datura Stramonium</em> is a well-known and important medicinal plant that is widely used in various medical systems to treat conditions such as asthma, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to prepare extracts of <em>D. stramonium</em> seeds in different solvent polarities for assessing phytochemical potential, in vitro biological activities, and molecular docking studies. Phytochemical screening was conducted to determine the phytochemical composition, while GC-MS analysis was used to identify secondary metabolites of <em>D. Stramonium</em>. The seed extracts were molecularly docked to evaluate bioactive and antioxidant activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts against bacteria such as <em>S. aureus, E. coli, Bacillus subtilis</em>, and <em>Proteus mirabilis</em> was determined<em>.</em> Antifungal activity was also tested against fungi including <em>Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger</em>, and <em>Candida albicans</em>. The results of phytochemical screening indicated that the primary plant constituents in all extracts of different polarities are alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, mucilage, sterols, heterosides, triterpenoids, and cardiac glycosides. Most molecules in the hexane, ether, and chloroform extracts consist of fatty acids, sterols, glycosides, triterpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds, as revealed by GC-MS analysis. Conversely, extracts from polar solvents like methanol, ethanol, and water are abundant in alkaloids. In vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities demonstrated that ether, methanol, and ethanol extracts were more effective than inhibiting the four bacterial strains compared to the antibiotics <em>Oxacillin</em> and <em>Cefuroxime</em>. The ether and methanol extracts exhibited better zones of inhibition and significant MIC values against <em>A. niger</em> and <em>C. albicans</em> compared to the control and fluconazole. The free radical inhibition (DPPH) (24.92 ± 5.31 μg/mL) for the ethanol extract indicates <em>Datura's</em> antioxidant capacity. It is believed that the main phytochemicals are responsible for the enhanced antioxidant activity observed in other studies. The docking study revealed that the bioactive compounds linoleic acid and atropine formed better hydrogen bonding interactions with proteins than pi-alkyl and alkyl bonds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 101521"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The epidemiology and resistance patterns of Candida infections in pediatric kidney/liver recipients has not been well characterized, recently. In this study, all patients ≤ 18 years old who underwent liver/kidney transplant surgery between September 2021 and 2022 were included. Species identification of isolates recovered from clinical specimens was performed by DNA-sequencing method following amplification of the ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 regions. Antifungal susceptibility patterns of isolates were performed using the micro broth dilution method documented by Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Of the 117 pediatric recipients enrolled, 16 recipients (13.7 %) had at least one positive Candida culture. Candidemia was detected in 5/89 (5.6 %) of liver and 1/28 (3.6 %) of kidney transplant recipients. Invasive candidiasis was observed in 6/89 (6.7 %) of liver and 2/28 (7.1 %) of kidney transplant recipients. The predominant species was Candida (C.) albicans recovered from 12 of 16 recipients (75 %). In addition to the Pichia kudriavzevii species with inherent resistance to fluconazole, one of C. albicans isolates and one C. tropicalis isolate were also identified as fluconazole-resistant (3/29:10.3 %). Moreover, our findings revealed 13.8 % and 6.8 % resistance to itraconazole and voriconazole, respectively. All Candida spp. were susceptible to caspofungin. Collectively, this study provides valuable insights into the epidemiology and resistance patterns of Candida infections in pediatric kidney and liver recipients. The study also highlights the emergence of fluconazole-resistant strains, which has significant implications for antifungal stewardship efforts in pediatric transplant populations.
{"title":"Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility patterns of Candida involvement in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients: A cross-sectional study from a single transplant center","authors":"Somayeh Yazdanpanah , Mojtaba Shafiekhani , Zahra Zare , Hamed Nikoupour , Bita Geramizadeh , Parisa Chamanpara , Ahmad Jabrodini , Mohammad Ahmadi , Zahra Malekizadeh , Mohammad Hossein Anbardar , Keyvan Pakshir , Kamiar Zomorodian","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The epidemiology and resistance patterns of <em>Candida</em> infections in pediatric kidney/liver recipients has not been well characterized, recently. In this study, all patients ≤ 18 years old who underwent liver/kidney transplant surgery between September 2021 and 2022 were included. Species identification of isolates recovered from clinical specimens was performed by DNA-sequencing method following amplification of the ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 regions. Antifungal susceptibility patterns of isolates were performed using the micro broth dilution method documented by Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Of the 117 pediatric recipients enrolled, 16 recipients (13.7 %) had at least one positive <em>Candida</em> culture. Candidemia was detected in 5/89 (5.6 %) of liver and 1/28 (3.6 %) of kidney transplant recipients. Invasive candidiasis was observed in 6/89 (6.7 %) of liver and 2/28 (7.1 %) of kidney transplant recipients. The predominant species was <em>Candida</em> (<em>C</em>.) <em>albicans</em> recovered from 12 of 16 recipients (75 %). In addition to the <em>Pichia kudriavzevii</em> species with inherent resistance to fluconazole, one of <em>C. albicans</em> isolates and one <em>C. tropicalis</em> isolate were also identified as fluconazole-resistant (3/29:10.3 %). Moreover, our findings revealed 13.8 % and 6.8 % resistance to itraconazole and voriconazole, respectively. All <em>Candida</em> spp. were susceptible to caspofungin. Collectively, this study provides valuable insights into the epidemiology and resistance patterns of <em>Candida</em> infections in pediatric kidney and liver recipients. The study also highlights the emergence of fluconazole-resistant strains, which has significant implications for antifungal stewardship efforts in pediatric transplant populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 101522"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142780259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101520
Laurence Millon , Françoise Botterel , Julie Bonhomme , Stéphane Valot , Philippe Poirier , Marie-Fleur Durieux , Jeanne Bigot , Guillaume Desoubeaux , Adélaïde Chesnais , Florent Morio , Marc Pihet , Kévin Brunet , Anne-Pauline Bellanger , Sébastien Imbert , Gilles Nevez , Solène Le Gal , Nathalie Bourgeois , Anne Debourgogne , Marjorie Cornu , Florence Persat , Eric Dannaoui
This study investigates the diagnostic practices for mucormycosis among 30 French University Hospital mycology laboratories, in 2024. All laboratories perform both direct examination and culture, with fluorescent brighteners being the most commonly used method for direct examination. While 77 % of the participating laboratories routinely identify Mucorales to the species level, with 70 % having adopted Mucorales-specific quantitative PCR, primarily for the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections. Antifungal susceptibility testing practices varied between centers, with 36.7 % of laboratories consistently performing these tests, primarily using gradient concentration strips. Amphotericin B, posaconazole, and isavuconazole were the most frequently tested antifungals. These findings highlight variations in laboratory practices and emphasize the importance of establishing uniform diagnostic and susceptibility testing methods to optimize mucormycosis management.
{"title":"Laboratory practices for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis in France, 2024","authors":"Laurence Millon , Françoise Botterel , Julie Bonhomme , Stéphane Valot , Philippe Poirier , Marie-Fleur Durieux , Jeanne Bigot , Guillaume Desoubeaux , Adélaïde Chesnais , Florent Morio , Marc Pihet , Kévin Brunet , Anne-Pauline Bellanger , Sébastien Imbert , Gilles Nevez , Solène Le Gal , Nathalie Bourgeois , Anne Debourgogne , Marjorie Cornu , Florence Persat , Eric Dannaoui","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the diagnostic practices for mucormycosis among 30 French University Hospital mycology laboratories, in 2024. All laboratories perform both direct examination and culture, with fluorescent brighteners being the most commonly used method for direct examination. While 77 % of the participating laboratories routinely identify Mucorales to the species level, with 70 % having adopted Mucorales-specific quantitative PCR, primarily for the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections. Antifungal susceptibility testing practices varied between centers, with 36.7 % of laboratories consistently performing these tests, primarily using gradient concentration strips. Amphotericin B, posaconazole, and isavuconazole were the most frequently tested antifungals. These findings highlight variations in laboratory practices and emphasize the importance of establishing uniform diagnostic and susceptibility testing methods to optimize mucormycosis management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 101520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101519
Y-Lan Truong, Joel Rosenblatt, Bahgat Gerges, Ying Jiang, Issam Raad
Candida auris is a rapidly spreading virulent pathogen frequently resistant to multiple antifungal drugs that can form biofilms and infect wounds. Hence, there is a need for C. auris wound treatments not posing risks for developing antifungal resistance. We tested the ability of a polygalacturonic and caprylic acid ointment (PG+CAP) to rapidly eradicate C. auris biofilms within 2-hour exposures in an in vitro model. Medical-grade honey (MediHoney) wound ointment was used as a comparator. Nine different C. auris strains were tested. PG+CAP eradicated biofilms of 8 of the 9 tested strains and produced a > 5-log10 reduction of the ninth. MediHoney produced reductions ranging from 2 to 4 log10 without fully eradicating any strains. The differences between PG+CAP and MediHoney were statistically significant (p < 0.05). These results suggest that PG+CAP is a promising antimicrobial ointment warranting further in vivo study in wounds which may be colonized by C. auris biofilms.
{"title":"Eradication of Candida auris biofilm in vitro by a polygalacturonic and caprylic acid wound ointment","authors":"Y-Lan Truong, Joel Rosenblatt, Bahgat Gerges, Ying Jiang, Issam Raad","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Candida auris</em> is a rapidly spreading virulent pathogen frequently resistant to multiple antifungal drugs that can form biofilms and infect wounds. Hence, there is a need for <em>C. auris</em> wound treatments not posing risks for developing antifungal resistance. We tested the ability of a polygalacturonic and caprylic acid ointment (PG+CAP) to rapidly eradicate <em>C. auris</em> biofilms within 2-hour exposures in an <em>in vitro</em> model. Medical-grade honey (MediHoney) wound ointment was used as a comparator. Nine different <em>C. auris</em> strains were tested. PG+CAP eradicated biofilms of 8 of the 9 tested strains and produced <em>a</em> > 5-log<sub>10</sub> reduction of the ninth. MediHoney produced reductions ranging from 2 to 4 log<sub>10</sub> without fully eradicating any strains. The differences between PG+CAP and MediHoney were statistically significant (<em>p</em> < 0.05). These results suggest that PG+CAP is a promising antimicrobial ointment warranting further <em>in vivo</em> study in wounds which may be colonized by <em>C. auris</em> biofilms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 101519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101518
Harsimran Kaur , Haseen Ahmad , Sukriti Yadav , Muthu Sendhil Kumaran , Ashish Sharma , Suvradeep Mitra , Amanjit Bal , Sourav Agnihotri , Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy
We describe a rare case of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis by Veronaea botryosa in a renal transplant recipient from India. The patient presented with a nodule on the dorsum of right hand which resolved completely after 6 months of voriconazole therapy. The identity of the fungus was confirmed by sequencing internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. The case depicts its ubiquitous presence worldwide.
{"title":"Veronaea botryosa induced cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in a renal transplant recipient- An intriguing report from India","authors":"Harsimran Kaur , Haseen Ahmad , Sukriti Yadav , Muthu Sendhil Kumaran , Ashish Sharma , Suvradeep Mitra , Amanjit Bal , Sourav Agnihotri , Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We describe a rare case of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis by <em>Veronaea botryosa</em> in a renal transplant recipient from India. The patient presented with a nodule on the dorsum of right hand which resolved completely after 6 months of voriconazole therapy. The identity of the fungus was confirmed by sequencing internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. The case depicts its ubiquitous presence worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 101518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101517
Umut Gazi , Nerin Nadir Bahceciler
Allergic respiratory diseases (ARDs) have been one of the major global health problems of the 21st century with an increasing prevalence. A significant proportion of aerobiological particles in the environment is constituted by fungal structures, including those from Alternaria, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Aspergillus species which are regarded as the four most common fungal genera associated with allergic fungal airway diseases (AFADs). Allergen specific immunotherapy (AIT) has capacity to promote protection as well as long-term tolerance to the allergen, however there have not been adequate number of studies evaluating the efficacy of against AFADs, up till today. Our review would like to draw more attention to the field by summarizing the current literature regarding the clinical use of the immunotherapy, with special focus on Alternaria, and Cladosporium AITs. The area is considered to be vital to public health due to the potential increase in global AFAD cases because of ongoing air pollution and climate impacts. The review also aims to sum up immunological findings associated with mould-AIT which would help further studies to be performed in order to develop an objective method to identify non-responders early in the course of therapy.
{"title":"Immunotherapy against environmental fungi causing respiratory allergy","authors":"Umut Gazi , Nerin Nadir Bahceciler","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Allergic respiratory diseases (ARDs) have been one of the major global health problems of the 21st century with an increasing prevalence. A significant proportion of aerobiological particles in the environment is constituted by fungal structures, including those from <em>Alternaria, Cladosporium, Penicillium</em>, and <em>Aspergillus</em> species which are regarded as the four most common fungal genera associated with allergic fungal airway diseases (AFADs). Allergen specific immunotherapy (AIT) has capacity to promote protection as well as long-term tolerance to the allergen, however there have not been adequate number of studies evaluating the efficacy of against AFADs, up till today. Our review would like to draw more attention to the field by summarizing the current literature regarding the clinical use of the immunotherapy, with special focus on <em>Alternaria</em>, and <em>Cladosporium</em> AITs. The area is considered to be vital to public health due to the potential increase in global AFAD cases because of ongoing air pollution and climate impacts. The review also aims to sum up immunological findings associated with mould-AIT which would help further studies to be performed in order to develop an objective method to identify non-responders early in the course of therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 101517"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101516
Karzan A. Mohammad , Hero M. Ismail , Khattab A.M. Shekhany , Raya Kh. Yashooa , Delan A. Younus , Samir Kh. Abdullah , Azhar A.F. Alatraqchi , Rasool Aldabbagh , David W. Denning
Background
The surveillance of serious and superficial skin fungal infections in Iraq has not been conducted. Limited information exists on their incidence and prevalence.
Objectives
This study aimed to analyze, compute and estimate the prevalence and burden of fungal infections, as no previous data is available and no studies has been attempted in Iraq.
Methods
In the present study the data were collected and reviewed from published data on epidemiology of fungal infections nationally, internationally, from unpublished postgraduate master and PhD theses, hospital records and private clinic records. External sources of data from other countries were used for diseases which lacked sufficient local data.
Results
We estimated 985,628 annual serious infections comprising of 2.26 % of the total population. When including superficial fungal infections group of the skin, this rises to 2,075,113 infections at 4.76 % of the total population. The most common serious and skin infections were recurrent Candida vaginitis, fungal rhinosinusitis and tinea capitis comprising 61.5 %, 21.8 %, and 22.4 % of all infections although the total incidence of superficial fungal infections was also high at 1,071,485. Respiratory fungal disease is also common comprising 14.0 % of infections. We predicted the following annual burden per 100,000; oral candidiasis at 247.9, esophageal candidiasis at 6.04, candidemia at 5.0, Candida peritonitis at 0.75, recurrent Candida vaginitis at 5461, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis at 35, severe asthma with fungal sensitisation at 46, invasive aspergillosis at 7.9, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis at 11.7, chronic fungal rhinosinusitis at 496, mucormycosis at 0.99, fungal keratitis at 14.0, and total dermatophytosis at 1631, the most severe being tinea capitis at 366. Many of these estimates were made with data sourced from other nations, so additional data from Iraq is required to validate or modify these estimates.
Conclusion
Recurrent Candida vaginitis, fungal rhinosinusitis, and tinea capitis are considered to be the most frequent fungal diseases present in Iraq.
{"title":"Fungal disease incidence and prevalence in Iraq – Preliminary estimates","authors":"Karzan A. Mohammad , Hero M. Ismail , Khattab A.M. Shekhany , Raya Kh. Yashooa , Delan A. Younus , Samir Kh. Abdullah , Azhar A.F. Alatraqchi , Rasool Aldabbagh , David W. Denning","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The surveillance of serious and superficial skin fungal infections in Iraq has not been conducted. Limited information exists on their incidence and prevalence.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to analyze, compute and estimate the prevalence and burden of fungal infections, as no previous data is available and no studies has been attempted in Iraq.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In the present study the data were collected and reviewed from published data on epidemiology of fungal infections nationally, internationally, from unpublished postgraduate master and PhD theses, hospital records and private clinic records. External sources of data from other countries were used for diseases which lacked sufficient local data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We estimated 985,628 annual serious infections comprising of 2.26 % of the total population. When including superficial fungal infections group of the skin, this rises to 2,075,113 infections at 4.76 % of the total population. The most common serious and skin infections were recurrent <em>Candida</em> vaginitis, fungal rhinosinusitis and tinea capitis comprising 61.5 %, 21.8 %, and 22.4 % of all infections although the total incidence of superficial fungal infections was also high at 1,071,485. Respiratory fungal disease is also common comprising 14.0 % of infections. We predicted the following annual burden per 100,000; oral candidiasis at 247.9, esophageal candidiasis at 6.04, candidemia at 5.0, <em>Candida</em> peritonitis at 0.75, recurrent <em>Candida</em> vaginitis at 5461, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis at 35, severe asthma with fungal sensitisation at 46, invasive aspergillosis at 7.9, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis at 11.7, chronic fungal rhinosinusitis at 496, mucormycosis at 0.99, fungal keratitis at 14.0, and total dermatophytosis at 1631, the most severe being tinea capitis at 366. Many of these estimates were made with data sourced from other nations, so additional data from Iraq is required to validate or modify these estimates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Recurrent <em>Candida</em> vaginitis<em>,</em> fungal rhinosinusitis, and tinea capitis are considered to be the most frequent fungal diseases present in Iraq.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 101516"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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