Journal de mycologie medicale最新文献_第8页

Veronaea botryosa induced cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in a renal transplant recipient- An intriguing report from India 一名肾移植受者因植物马鞭草诱发的皮肤真菌病--来自印度的一份耐人寻味的报告

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 MYCOLOGY

Journal de mycologie medicale

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101518

Harsimran Kaur , Haseen Ahmad , Sukriti Yadav , Muthu Sendhil Kumaran , Ashish Sharma , Suvradeep Mitra , Amanjit Bal , Sourav Agnihotri , Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy

We describe a rare case of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis by Veronaea botryosa in a renal transplant recipient from India. The patient presented with a nodule on the dorsum of right hand which resolved completely after 6 months of voriconazole therapy. The identity of the fungus was confirmed by sequencing internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. The case depicts its ubiquitous presence worldwide.

我们描述了一例来自印度的肾移植受者皮肤噬菌体病变（Veronaea botryosa）的罕见病例。患者右手背出现一个结节，接受伏立康唑治疗 6 个月后完全消退。通过对 rDNA 内部转录间隔区（ITS）进行测序，确认了该真菌的身份。该病例说明这种真菌在世界各地无处不在。

引用次数: 0

Immunotherapy against environmental fungi causing respiratory allergy 针对引起呼吸道过敏的环境真菌的免疫疗法

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 MYCOLOGY

Journal de mycologie medicale

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101517

Umut Gazi , Nerin Nadir Bahceciler

Allergic respiratory diseases (ARDs) have been one of the major global health problems of the 21st century with an increasing prevalence. A significant proportion of aerobiological particles in the environment is constituted by fungal structures, including those from Alternaria, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Aspergillus species which are regarded as the four most common fungal genera associated with allergic fungal airway diseases (AFADs). Allergen specific immunotherapy (AIT) has capacity to promote protection as well as long-term tolerance to the allergen, however there have not been adequate number of studies evaluating the efficacy of against AFADs, up till today. Our review would like to draw more attention to the field by summarizing the current literature regarding the clinical use of the immunotherapy, with special focus on Alternaria, and Cladosporium AITs. The area is considered to be vital to public health due to the potential increase in global AFAD cases because of ongoing air pollution and climate impacts. The review also aims to sum up immunological findings associated with mould-AIT which would help further studies to be performed in order to develop an objective method to identify non-responders early in the course of therapy.

过敏性呼吸道疾病（ARDs）是 21 世纪全球主要健康问题之一，发病率不断上升。环境中的空气生物微粒有很大一部分是由真菌结构构成的，包括来自交替孢属、克拉多孢属、青霉属和曲霉属的真菌，它们被认为是与过敏性真菌气道疾病（AFADs）相关的四个最常见的真菌属。过敏原特异性免疫疗法（AIT）能够促进对过敏原的保护和长期耐受，但到目前为止，还没有足够数量的研究评估其对过敏性真菌气道疾病的疗效。我们的综述希望通过总结当前有关免疫疗法临床应用的文献，引起人们对这一领域的更多关注，并特别关注交替孢属和克拉多孢属 AITs。由于持续的空气污染和气候影响可能导致全球甲沟炎病例增加，因此该领域被认为对公共卫生至关重要。本综述还旨在总结与霉菌-AIT 相关的免疫学研究结果，这将有助于开展进一步的研究，以便开发出一种客观的方法，在治疗过程的早期识别无应答者。

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引用次数: 0

Fungal disease incidence and prevalence in Iraq – Preliminary estimates 伊拉克真菌病发病率和流行率--初步估计。

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 MYCOLOGY

Journal de mycologie medicale

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101516

Karzan A. Mohammad , Hero M. Ismail , Khattab A.M. Shekhany , Raya Kh. Yashooa , Delan A. Younus , Samir Kh. Abdullah , Azhar A.F. Alatraqchi , Rasool Aldabbagh , David W. Denning

Background

The surveillance of serious and superficial skin fungal infections in Iraq has not been conducted. Limited information exists on their incidence and prevalence.

Objectives

This study aimed to analyze, compute and estimate the prevalence and burden of fungal infections, as no previous data is available and no studies has been attempted in Iraq.

Methods

In the present study the data were collected and reviewed from published data on epidemiology of fungal infections nationally, internationally, from unpublished postgraduate master and PhD theses, hospital records and private clinic records. External sources of data from other countries were used for diseases which lacked sufficient local data.

Results

We estimated 985,628 annual serious infections comprising of 2.26 % of the total population. When including superficial fungal infections group of the skin, this rises to 2,075,113 infections at 4.76 % of the total population. The most common serious and skin infections were recurrent Candida vaginitis, fungal rhinosinusitis and tinea capitis comprising 61.5 %, 21.8 %, and 22.4 % of all infections although the total incidence of superficial fungal infections was also high at 1,071,485. Respiratory fungal disease is also common comprising 14.0 % of infections. We predicted the following annual burden per 100,000; oral candidiasis at 247.9, esophageal candidiasis at 6.04, candidemia at 5.0, Candida peritonitis at 0.75, recurrent Candida vaginitis at 5461, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis at 35, severe asthma with fungal sensitisation at 46, invasive aspergillosis at 7.9, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis at 11.7, chronic fungal rhinosinusitis at 496, mucormycosis at 0.99, fungal keratitis at 14.0, and total dermatophytosis at 1631, the most severe being tinea capitis at 366. Many of these estimates were made with data sourced from other nations, so additional data from Iraq is required to validate or modify these estimates.

Conclusion

Recurrent Candida vaginitis, fungal rhinosinusitis, and tinea capitis are considered to be the most frequent fungal diseases present in Iraq.

背景：伊拉克尚未对严重的表皮真菌感染进行监测。有关其发病率和流行率的信息十分有限：本研究旨在分析、计算和估计真菌感染的发病率和负担，因为以前没有这方面的数据，也没有在伊拉克进行过研究：本研究收集和审查的数据来自国内和国际已发表的真菌感染流行病学数据、未发表的研究生硕士和博士论文、医院记录和私人诊所记录。对于缺乏足够本地数据的疾病，我们还使用了其他国家的外部数据来源：我们估计每年有 985 628 例严重感染病例，占总人口的 2.26%。如果将皮肤浅表真菌感染包括在内，感染人数将增至 2,075,113 人，占总人口的 4.76%。最常见的严重感染和皮肤感染是复发性念珠菌阴道炎、真菌性鼻炎和头癣，分别占感染总数的 61.5%、21.8% 和 22.4%，尽管浅表真菌感染的总发病率也高达 1,071,485 例。呼吸道真菌病也很常见，占感染总数的 14.0%。我们预测每 100,000 人每年的负担如下：口腔念珠菌病为 247.9 人，食道念珠菌病为 6.04 人，念珠菌血症为 5.0 人，念珠菌腹膜炎为 0.75 人，复发性念珠菌阴道炎为 5461 人，过敏性支气管肺曲霉菌病为 35 人，伴有真菌过敏的严重哮喘为 46 人，侵袭性曲霉菌病为 7.9，慢性肺曲霉菌病（11.7），慢性真菌性鼻炎（496），粘孢子菌病（0.99），真菌性角膜炎（14.0），总的皮癣病（1631），其中最严重的是头癣（366）。其中许多估计值是根据其他国家的数据得出的，因此需要更多来自伊拉克的数据来验证或修改这些估计值：结论：复发性念珠菌阴道炎、真菌性鼻炎和头癣被认为是伊拉克最常见的真菌疾病。

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引用次数: 0

Formulation and evaluation of herbal essential oil based nail lacquer for management of onychomycosis 用于治疗甲癣的草本精油指甲油的配制与评估

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 MYCOLOGY

Journal de mycologie medicale

Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101515

Ravi Goyal , Annima Goyal , Azmat Ali Khan , Sabiha Fatima , Tanveer Singh , Deepinder Singh Malik

Introduction

Onychomycosis (Paronychia) is a common fungal nail infection, characterised by thickened, discoloured and brittle nails often accompanied by pain and discomfort. It is one of the most prevalent fungal nail infections with the global incidence of >20 % affected commonly by Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. The market today is flooded with various antifungal therapies (Azoles, Imidazoles, Allylamines, etc.) but their clinical applicability is limited due to associated side effects. The study is an attempt to formulate essential oil-based nail lacquer against Candidal Onychomycosis.

Material and Method

Selection of essential oils and preparation of their blends (EOB) was made on basis of their antifungal activity (minimum inhibitory concentration; MIC and zone of inhibition; ZOI) and physiological effect they exhibit on varied pathological parameters of onychomycosis. Simultaneously, varied batches of nail lacquer (N1-N5) were prepared by varying the concentrations of polymer and film forming agent and were evaluated for their formulatory characteristics (drying time, incidence of white patches, film texture, etc.). Optimal nail lacquer batch was loaded with screened EOB and was evaluated for various characteristics and antifungal activity.

Result

The formulation F4 was found to form a smooth, transparent film over the nail with absence of any tackiness or white patches. Moreover, F4 formulation exhibited minimum MIC among varied batches and higher ZOI (4.3 cm) as compared to marketed preparation (3.5 cm), indicating better antifungal activity.

Conclusion

Essential oils, as an active agent, could prove to be a natural, safer, and more effective alternative to the conventionally available topical preparations for the management of fungal infections. The development of this herbal mixture opens up new possibilities for treating onychomycosis, necessitating additional research and clinical studies to establish its clinical safety, efficacy, and viability.

简介甲癣（甲旁癣）是一种常见的真菌性指甲感染，主要表现为指甲增厚、变色和变脆，通常伴有疼痛和不适。它是最常见的真菌性指甲感染之一，全球发病率超过 20%，主要由白色念珠菌和副丝状念珠菌引起。目前，市场上充斥着各种抗真菌疗法（偶氮类、咪唑类、烯丙基胺类等），但由于相关副作用，其临床适用性有限。本研究尝试配制以精油为基础的指甲油，以防治念珠菌性甲癣：材料和方法：根据精油的抗真菌活性（最低抑菌浓度和抑菌区）以及它们对不同真菌病病理参数的生理效应，选择精油并配制它们的混合物（EOB）。同时，通过改变聚合物和成膜剂的浓度制备了不同批次的指甲油（N1-N5），并对其配方特性（干燥时间、白斑发生率、膜质等）进行了评估。在最佳指甲油批次中加入筛选出的 EOB，并对其各种特性和抗真菌活性进行评估：结果：F4 配方在指甲上形成了一层光滑透明的薄膜，没有任何粘性或白斑。此外，与市场上销售的制剂（3.5 厘米）相比，F4 制剂在不同批次中的 MIC 最低，ZOI（4.3 厘米）较高，表明其具有更好的抗真菌活性：精油作为一种活性剂，可以证明是治疗真菌感染的一种天然、更安全、更有效的替代品，可以替代传统的外用制剂。这种草药混合物的开发为治疗甲癣提供了新的可能性，但还需要更多的研究和临床研究来确定其临床安全性、有效性和可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Prevalence and outcome of candidemia among paediatric cancer patients: A single centre experience from India 儿科癌症患者念珠菌血症的发病率和治疗效果：印度单一中心的经验

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 MYCOLOGY

Journal de mycologie medicale

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101510

Poonam khemani , Shyam Srinivasan , Gaurav Salunke , Maya Prasad , Chetan Dhamne , Badira C. Parambil , Akanksha Chichra , Venkata Rama Mohan Gollamudi , Irene Ruben Sunder , Nirmalya Roy Moulik , Gaurav Narula , Girish Chinnaswamy , Shripad Banavali

Background

Candida species are one of the leading causes of invasive fungal infections in pediatric patients with cancer, resulting in increased treatment related morbidity and mortality. There is limited data with respect to demography and outcomes of candidemia among children with cancer, especially from lower-middle income countries.

Methods

In this retrospective observational study conducted over a 4-year Period (January-2017 to December-2021), children less than 15 years with cancer, treated at a tertiary oncology centre in India and diagnosed with candidemia were included. Data with respect to risk factors, species types, treatment, complications and mortality was gathered.

Results

One-hundred and ten children with candidemia were included. The most common underlying malignancy was acute leukemia seen in 72 (66%) patients. Seventy-five (68%) patients had neutropenia (<0.5 × 10^9/L) at the time of diagnosis of candidemia. In addition, 35 (32%) and 34 (30%) patients had prolonged exposure to steroids and antibiotics respectively. Non-albicans Candida species was isolated in majority (90%) of the cases. Fifty-seven patients required some form of modification of therapy for underlying malignancy. The 30-day mortality of the entire cohort was 36% and was 73% for patients admitted to the intensive care unit. On multivariate analysis, only prolonged use of antibiotics [odds ratio: 2.7(1.1-6.7); p = 0.027] was found to be significantly associated with worse 30-day mortality.

Conclusion

The present study highlights the burden of candidemia among children with cancer. Despite prompt therapy, our cohort experienced increased mortality, primarily associated with prolonged antibiotic usage. These findings reinforce the critical importance of strict adherence to infection control guidelines and prudent antibiotic stewardship practices to improve patient outcomes.

背景念珠菌是儿科癌症患者侵袭性真菌感染的主要原因之一，导致与治疗相关的发病率和死亡率增加。在这项为期 4 年（2017 年 1 月至 2021 年 12 月）的回顾性观察研究中，纳入了在印度一家三级肿瘤中心接受治疗并确诊患有念珠菌血症的 15 岁以下癌症患儿。收集了有关风险因素、种类、治疗、并发症和死亡率的数据。最常见的潜在恶性肿瘤是急性白血病，有 72 名（66%）患者。75名（68%）患者在确诊念珠菌病时患有中性粒细胞减少症（<0.5 × 10^9/L）。此外，35 名（32%）和 34 名（30%）患者分别长期接触类固醇和抗生素。大多数病例（90%）都分离出了非白色念珠菌。57名患者因潜在的恶性肿瘤而需要对治疗进行某种形式的调整。整个组群的 30 天死亡率为 36%，而入住重症监护室的患者死亡率为 73%。通过多变量分析，发现只有长期使用抗生素[几率比：2.7（1.1-6.7）；p = 0.027]才与 30 天死亡率显著相关。本研究强调了癌症患儿念珠菌血症的负担。尽管治疗及时，但我们的队列中仍出现了死亡率升高的情况，这主要与长期使用抗生素有关。这些研究结果强化了严格遵守感染控制指南和谨慎使用抗生素以改善患者预后的重要性。

{"title":"Prevalence and outcome of candidemia among paediatric cancer patients: A single centre experience from India","authors":"Poonam khemani , Shyam Srinivasan , Gaurav Salunke , Maya Prasad , Chetan Dhamne , Badira C. Parambil , Akanksha Chichra , Venkata Rama Mohan Gollamudi , Irene Ruben Sunder , Nirmalya Roy Moulik , Gaurav Narula , Girish Chinnaswamy , Shripad Banavali","doi":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Candida species are one of the leading causes of invasive fungal infections in pediatric patients with cancer, resulting in increased treatment related morbidity and mortality. There is limited data with respect to demography and outcomes of candidemia among children with cancer, especially from lower-middle income countries.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this retrospective observational study conducted over a 4-year Period (January-2017 to December-2021), children less than 15 years with cancer, treated at a tertiary oncology centre in India and diagnosed with candidemia were included. Data with respect to risk factors, species types, treatment, complications and mortality was gathered.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>One-hundred and ten children with candidemia were included. The most common underlying malignancy was acute leukemia seen in 72 (66%) patients. Seventy-five (68%) patients had neutropenia (<0.5 × 10^9/L) at the time of diagnosis of candidemia. In addition, 35 (32%) and 34 (30%) patients had prolonged exposure to steroids and antibiotics respectively. Non-albicans Candida species was isolated in majority (90%) of the cases. Fifty-seven patients required some form of modification of therapy for underlying malignancy. The 30-day mortality of the entire cohort was 36% and was 73% for patients admitted to the intensive care unit. On multivariate analysis, only prolonged use of antibiotics [odds ratio: 2.7(1.1-6.7); p = 0.027] was found to be significantly associated with worse 30-day mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The present study highlights the burden of candidemia among children with cancer. Despite prompt therapy, our cohort experienced increased mortality, primarily associated with prolonged antibiotic usage. These findings reinforce the critical importance of strict adherence to infection control guidelines and prudent antibiotic stewardship practices to improve patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14824,"journal":{"name":"Journal de mycologie medicale","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 101510"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142594124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rumex japonicus Houtt. Leaves: The chemical composition and anti-fungal activity Rumex japonicus Houtt.叶：化学成分和抗真菌活性

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 MYCOLOGY

Journal de mycologie medicale

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101513

Dandan Xiao , He Sun , Xue Li, Fanying Meng, Tong Sun, Xinting Shao, Yuling Ding, Yong Li

Background

Candida albicans is a pathogenic commensal fungus. Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum are the leading pathogens of dermatophysis. Rumex japonicus Houtt. has a miraculous effect on the treatment of tinea skin disease, but its mechanism has not been clarified.

Purpose

This paper investigated the anti-fungal ingredients of the leaves of Rumex japonicus Houtt. (RJH-L) and the mechanism of the anti-fungal (Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans).

Method

First, the chemical composition analysis of RJH-L was conducted by acid extraction and alcohol precipitation, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR); in vitro anti-fungal experiments were carried out, including the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) spore germination rate, germ tube production rate, nucleic acid and protein leakage rate, biofilm structure, PCR, etc., to study the mechanism of action of RJH-L anti-fungal and anti-biofilm activity.

Result

Seven monomer compounds were obtained: anthraquinones (rhein, emodin and aloe-emodin); polyphenols (ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid), and flavonoids (rutin and quercetin). The results of in vitro anti-fungal experiments showed that the extracts of RJH-L had strong inhibitory effect on both fungi (MIC: 1.96 µg/mL-62.50 µg/mL), of which emodin had the strongest effect on Trichophyton mentagrophytes; and rhein had the strongest effect on Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum. The above active components can inhibit the germination of fungal spores and germ tube, change cell membrane permeability, prevent hyphal growth, destroy the biofilm structure, and down-regulate the expression of agglutinin-like sequencefamily1 of biofilm growth.

Conclusion

This study shows that RJH-L are rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthraquinones, and play a fungicidal role.

背景白色念珠菌是一种致病性共生真菌。脑癣毛癣菌（Trichophyton mentagrophytes）和红癣毛癣菌（Trichophyton rubrum）是皮肤癣菌的主要致病菌。本文研究了 Rumex japonicus Houtt.(本文研究了日本留兰香（Rumex japonicus Houtt., RJH-L）叶片的抗真菌成分及其抗真菌（门冬癣毛癣菌、红毛癣菌和白色念珠菌）的机理。方法首先，通过酸提取和醇沉、高效液相色谱法（HPLC）和核磁共振波谱法（NMR）对 RJH-L 进行化学成分分析；进行体外抗真菌实验，包括最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MFC）、孢子萌发率、芽管产生率、核酸和蛋白质泄漏率、生物膜结构、PCR 等、结果获得了七种单体化合物：蒽醌类化合物（大黄素、大黄素和芦荟大黄素）、多酚类化合物（阿魏酸、对香豆素）和黄酮类化合物（芦丁和槲皮素）。体外抗真菌实验结果表明，RJH-L 的提取物对两种真菌都有很强的抑制作用（MIC：1.96 µg/mL-62.50 µg/mL），其中大黄素对脑毛癣菌的抑制作用最强；芦丁对白色念珠菌和红色毛癣菌的抑制作用最强。上述活性成分能抑制真菌孢子和芽管的萌发，改变细胞膜的通透性，阻止菌丝生长，破坏生物膜结构，下调生物膜生长的凝集素样序列家族1的表达。

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引用次数: 0

Cladosporium cladosporioides brain abscess: An enigmatic case Cladosporium cladosporioides 脑脓肿：一个神秘的病例

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 MYCOLOGY

Journal de mycologie medicale

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101514

Sudesh Gourav, Gagandeep Singh, Immaculata Xess, Sonakshi Gupta, Bhaskar Rana, Himanshu Mishra, Mragnayani Pandey

A fifteen-year-old boy was brought to emergency department with complaints of altered sensorium, aphasia and right sided hemiparesis following severe dengue one month back. On physical examination, tone was flaccid and power was diminished in right upper and lower limbs. Reflexes were diminished in all four limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple well defined thin walled ring-enhancing lesions in left basal ganglia, bilateral cerebellum, left occipital lobe and bilateral fronto-temporo-parietal lobes. The basal ganglia focus was tapped. Potassium hydroxide-calcofluor white mount of the intra-operative pus sample showed fragmented septate hyphae with folding and with wide variations in breadth. A provisional report of septate and aseptate hyphae suggestive of mixed infection was given. Empirical voriconazole was stopped and the patient was started on liposomal amphotericin B to cover a broader spectrum of molds. Subsequently, fungal culture of the pus sample grew off-white glabrous colonies in multiple culture tubes. On lactophenol cotton blue mount, shield cells were seen suggestive of Cladosporium spp. Amphotericin B was stopped after provisional identification of Cladosporium spp. was given by the laboratory and IV voriconazole was started. The identification was confirmed to be Cladosporium cladosporioides by microculture and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of the 18s ribosomal DNA. The patient improved with drainage of the largest basal ganglia focus and voriconazole. This case exemplifies the potential of saprobic fungi to cause invasive infections in human.

一名 15 岁的男孩被送到急诊科，主诉一个月前因严重登革热导致感觉改变、失语和右侧偏瘫。经体格检查，他的右上肢和右下肢肌张力松弛，力量减弱。四肢反射减弱。磁共振成像显示，左侧基底节、双侧小脑、左枕叶和双侧额颞顶叶有多个界限清楚的薄壁环形强化病灶。对基底节病灶进行了探查。术中脓液样本的氢氧化钾-氟化钙白卡图显示出碎裂的隔膜菌丝，有折叠现象，宽度变化很大。临时报告显示，有隔和无隔菌丝混合感染。患者停用了伏立康唑，并开始使用两性霉素 B 脂质体，以覆盖更广泛的霉菌谱。随后，脓液样本的真菌培养在多个培养管中都长出了米白色无毛菌落。实验室初步鉴定为克拉多孢子菌属后，停用了两性霉素 B，并开始静脉注射伏立康唑。通过微生物培养和 18s 核糖体 DNA 内部转录间隔区测序，确认为 Cladosporium cladosporioides。通过引流最大的基底节病灶和使用伏立康唑，患者病情有所好转。该病例充分说明了有疮痂真菌导致人类入侵性感染的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Histoplasmosis in cancer patients: A global scoping review (2001–2024) 癌症患者中的组织胞浆菌病：全球范围审查（2001-2024 年）

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 MYCOLOGY

Journal de mycologie medicale

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101511

Asukwo E. Onukak , Chimaobi I. Nwagboso , Bernard B. Akpu , Agbo J. Etim , Ofonime E. Benjamin , Simon E. Ereh , Walter O. Egbara , Aje N. Ogar , Ekpenyong U. Essien , Bassey E. Ekeng

Although classified as an AIDS-defining illness, several reports show histoplasmosis also affects patients living with cancers including haematological malignancies and solid tumours. However, reviews describing cases of histoplasmosis in malignancies are lacking in the literature. We identified a total of thirty-four cases with twenty (58.8 %) cases reported from the USA, four from Brazil (11.8 %), three from India (8.8 %), and one each from Singapore (2.9 %), France (2.9 %), Netherlands (2.9 %), Colombia (2.9 %), Canada (2.9 %), Morocco (2.9 %), and Malaysia (2.9 %). 82.4 % (n = 28) of the cases were adults. Presenting symptoms were majorly fever (61.7 %), lymphadenopathy (50.0 %) and weight loss (29.4 %). Essential haematologic findings were pancytopaenia (n = 7, 20.6 %), neutropenia (n = 2, 5.9 %) and anaemia (n = 5, 14.7 %). The associated cancers were predominantly haematological and comprised 73.5 % (n = 25) of all cases. The diagnosis of histoplasmosis was via histopathology (n = 23, 67.6%), culture (n = 13, 38.2%), Histoplasma antigen assay (n = 13, 38.2%), anti-Histoplasma antibody assay (n = 5, 14.7%), PCR and sequencing (n = 2, 5.9%), peripheral blood film/direct microscopy (n = 4, 11.8%) and cytology (n = 1, 2.9%). Of the thirty-four cases, twenty-four (70.6%) had favourable outcomes, eight (23.5%) died, one (2.9%) was lost to follow-up and in one (2.9%) case, the outcome was not stated. Histoplasmosis is not an uncommon opportunistic disease complicating malignancies but is paradoxically underdiagnosed in Africa given the huge burden of cancers in that region. Besides following chemotherapy and the use of steroids, tumour necrosis factor-α antagonists therapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and environmental exposure were factors associated with Histoplasma infection in patients with malignancies. A resolution to promptly screen suspected or confirmed cases of malignancies for histoplasmosis will improve diagnosis and clinical outcomes.

虽然组织胞浆菌病被归类为艾滋病定义疾病，但一些报告显示，组织胞浆菌病也会影响癌症患者，包括血液恶性肿瘤和实体瘤患者。然而，文献中缺乏描述恶性肿瘤中组织胞浆菌病病例的综述。我们共发现了 34 例病例，其中 20 例（58.8%）来自美国，4 例来自巴西（11.8%），3 例来自印度（8.8%），新加坡（2.9%）、法国（2.9%）、荷兰（2.9%）、哥伦比亚（2.9%）、加拿大（2.9%）、摩洛哥（2.9%）和马来西亚（2.9%）各 1 例。82.4%的病例（n = 28）为成人。主要表现为发热（61.7%）、淋巴结肿大（50.0%）和体重减轻（29.4%）。主要的血液学检查结果为泛发性血小板减少（7 例，20.6%）、中性粒细胞减少（2 例，5.9%）和贫血（5 例，14.7%）。伴发的癌症主要是血液肿瘤，占所有病例的 73.5%（n = 25）。组织胞浆菌病的诊断方法包括组织病理学（23 例，67.6%）、培养（13 例，38.2%）、组织胞浆菌抗原检测（13 例，38.2%）、抗组织胞浆菌抗体检测（5 例，14.7%）、PCR 和测序（2 例，5.9%）、外周血片/直接显微镜检查（4 例，11.8%）和细胞学检查（1 例，2.9%）。在 34 例病例中，24 例（70.6%）结果良好，8 例（23.5%）死亡，1 例（2.9%）失去随访，1 例（2.9%）未说明结果。组织胞浆菌病是一种并发于恶性肿瘤的罕见机会性疾病，但在非洲却诊断不足，这与该地区巨大的癌症负担有关。除了化疗和使用类固醇外，肿瘤坏死因子-α拮抗剂治疗、造血干细胞移植和环境暴露也是恶性肿瘤患者感染组织胞浆菌的相关因素。及时对疑似或确诊的恶性肿瘤病例进行组织胞浆菌病筛查将改善诊断和临床效果。

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引用次数: 0

Epidemiology of tinea capitis in primary school children in Bouake, Ivory Coast 象牙海岸布瓦凯小学生头癣流行病学。

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 MYCOLOGY

Journal de mycologie medicale

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101512

Assi SB , Zika KD , Kouakou ASJ , Konan AS , Dogoni MO , Karidioula YL , Adon S , Silue YA , Lingue KN , Toure AO , Adoubryn KD

Objectives

The objective of this study was to update the epidemiology of tinea capitis in schoolchildren of Bouake city, 16 years later.

Methods

From mid-February to mid-April 2017, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in the “TSF-Sud” public primary -school group. All pupils present during the survey period had a clinical examination of the scalp. Hair stumps and scales were collected from children who showed symptoms suggestive of tinea capitis. Samples were exposed to direct microscopic examination using 30% potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution under light microscopy and cultured on Sabouraud's agar medium supplemented with chloramphenicol, and cycloheximide with incubation at 27 °C for at least two weeks. The diagnosis of tinea capitis was made when the direct examination and culture of the samples were positive.

Results

Among the 803 children aged from 5 to 13 years who were clinically examined, 100 (14.5%) were found to have suspected tinea capitis. All sample were positive on direct examination and 70 were positive on cultures, giving an overall prevalence of 8.7%. No significant differences were observed between sexes (p = 1), age groups (p = 0.26), presence of domestic animals at home (p = 0.64) and hair cut at barber or salon (p = 0.21). The prevalence was higher in children who shared a bed (p = 0.001) and those with a history of ringworm (p < 0.001). Trichophyton soudanense (48.5%), Microsporum audouinii (14.3%), Microsporum ferrugineum (14.3%), were the most isolated dermatophytes.

Conclusions

Our study showed a low prevalence of tinea capitis compared to those observed in 2003 in the same region due to improved living conditions.

研究目的本研究旨在更新16年后布瓦凯市学龄儿童头癣的流行病学：2017年2月中旬至4月中旬，在 "TSF-Sud "公立小学组进行了一次横断面调查。调查期间，所有在校学生均接受了头皮临床检查。从出现头癣症状的儿童身上采集了发桩和鳞屑。在光镜下使用 30% 氢氧化钾 (KOH) 溶液对样本进行直接显微镜检查，并在添加了氯霉素和环己亚胺的沙保琼脂培养基上进行培养，在 27 °C 下培养至少两周。如果直接检查和样本培养均呈阳性，则可诊断为头癣：在接受临床检查的 803 名 5 至 13 岁儿童中，有 100 人（14.5%）疑似患有头癣。所有样本经直接检查均呈阳性，70 个样本经培养呈阳性，总患病率为 8.7%。性别（p = 1）、年龄组（p = 0.26）、家中是否有家畜（p = 0.64）以及在理发师或发廊理发（p = 0.21）之间均无明显差异。同床共枕的儿童（p = 0.001）和有癣病史的儿童（p < 0.001）发病率较高。苏旦毛癣菌（48.5%）、奥杜因小孢子菌（14.3%）和铁锈色小孢子菌（14.3%）是分离最多的皮癣菌：我们的研究表明，与 2003 年在同一地区观察到的情况相比，由于生活条件的改善，头癣的发病率较低。

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引用次数: 0

Vulvovaginal candidiasis, an increasing burden to women in the tropical regions attending Bharatpur Hospital, Chitwan 外阴阴道念珠菌病是热带地区妇女日益沉重的负担，奇旺省巴拉特布尔医院就诊的妇女患有此病

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 MYCOLOGY

Journal de mycologie medicale

Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101509

Anisha Subedi , Milan Kumar Upreti , Jid Chani Rana , Ram Prasad Sapkota , Upendra Thapa Shrestha

Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a yeast infection commonly caused by the overgrowth of Candida species in and around the vulva and vagina. Abnormal vaginal discharge, itching and irritation, swelling and redness of the vaginal area, pain during sexual intercourse, and dyspareunia are important clinical findings of the infection. Currently, the infection is one of the growing burdens to married women. Moreover, the infection with antifungal-resistant Candida species adds challenges to managing the disease. Hence, this study was conducted to identify the different Candida species causing vulvovaginal candidiasis and to determine its susceptibility pattern against different antifungal drugs. A hospital-based cross-sectional and quantitative study was conducted for the period of six months from September 2022 to March 2023 among symptomatic married women in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of Bharatpur Hospital, Chitwan. A total of 300 symptomatic cases were enrolled in the study. Candida species were isolated from vaginal swabs following standard microbiological procedures and antifungal susceptibility testing was performed with different antifungal agents. The total prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis was found to be 37.3 % (112/300). Among different isolates, Candida albicans was found to be the most predominant (52.6 %), followed by Candida glabrata (29.3 %) among non-albicans. Women from the age group 25–35 years were found to be more infected (47.3 %) and the relationship between contraceptive use and vulvovaginal candidiasis was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). Candida species showed higher susceptibility toward Amphotericin-B (68.1 %), followed by fluconazole (Diflucan), and Clotrimazole (50.9 %). Whereas the least susceptibility was observed to Voriconazole (27.6 %) and Itraconazole (35.30 %). Candida albicans was comparatively more susceptible to different antifungal drugs than non-albicans species. Candida parapsilosis was only susceptible to Amphotericin-B and the increasing incidence of vaginal candidiasis due to non-albicans Candida indicates the need for routine speciation of Candida.

外阴阴道念珠菌病是一种酵母菌感染，通常由念珠菌在外阴和阴道内及周围过度生长引起。阴道分泌物异常、瘙痒和刺激感、阴道部位红肿、性交疼痛和排便困难是感染的重要临床表现。目前，阴道炎已成为已婚妇女日益沉重的负担之一。此外，抗真菌念珠菌的感染也给疾病的治疗带来了挑战。因此，本研究旨在确定引起外阴阴道念珠菌病的不同念珠菌种类，并确定其对不同抗真菌药物的敏感性模式。从 2022 年 9 月至 2023 年 3 月，在奇旺巴拉特布尔医院妇产科对有症状的已婚妇女进行了为期六个月的医院横断面定量研究。共有 300 个有症状的病例被纳入研究。研究人员按照标准微生物学程序从阴道拭子中分离出念珠菌，并使用不同的抗真菌剂进行抗真菌药敏试验。结果发现，外阴阴道念珠菌病的总发病率为 37.3%（112/300）。在不同的分离株中，白色念珠菌占多数（52.6%），其次是非白色念珠菌中的光滑念珠菌（29.3%）。25-35 岁年龄组的女性感染率更高（47.3%），使用避孕药具与外阴阴道念珠菌病之间的关系具有统计学意义（p <0.05）。念珠菌对两性霉素-B（68.1%）的敏感性较高，其次是氟康唑（Diflucan）和克霉唑（50.9%）。而对伏立康唑（27.6%）和伊曲康唑（35.30%）的敏感性最低。与非白色念珠菌相比，白色念珠菌对不同抗真菌药物的敏感性更高。由非白色念珠菌引起的阴道念珠菌病发病率不断上升，表明有必要对念珠菌进行常规分类。

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引用次数: 0