Pub Date : 2021-02-18DOI: 10.29328/JOURNAL.JATR.1001015
Yuxuan Gloria Gu, Z. Hua
Global drug use has reached epidemic levels, with approximately 269 million drug users worldwide [1]. Problematic drug use may lead to serious physical, social, and mental health problems. An estimated 167,000 deaths attributed to drug-related disorders worldwide in 2017 [2]. The rising global drug use and its severe adverse consequences make the drug treatment/rehabilitation a top priority for policymakers. In modern China, illicit drug use has raised great concern from both the academia and the public. Nearly 2.15 million Chinese were registered as drug users in 2019 [28]. Drug-related crimes and deaths are also increasing [29]. The current drug treatment programs in China are mainly compulsory, addressing coercion and discipline. However, the effectiveness was found to be low [3]. Situated in the ields of social work, public health, and psychology, Chinese scholars and practitioners have conducted some empirical tests for these drug treatment/rehabilitation programs and already found several effective preventive factors in the programs. However, the existing research on the design and evaluation of Chinese drug treatment/rehabilitation programs rarely investigate the theoretical rationales behind these programs. This study would address three criminological theories that have been applied to explain drug treatment and rehabilitation in Western societies: Differential Association Theory, Social Bonding Theory, and Labeling Theory. Similar theoretical rationales could be learnt and adopted by Chinese programs.
{"title":"Drug treatment and rehabilitation in China: Theoretical rationales and current situations","authors":"Yuxuan Gloria Gu, Z. Hua","doi":"10.29328/JOURNAL.JATR.1001015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/JOURNAL.JATR.1001015","url":null,"abstract":"Global drug use has reached epidemic levels, with approximately 269 million drug users worldwide [1]. Problematic drug use may lead to serious physical, social, and mental health problems. An estimated 167,000 deaths attributed to drug-related disorders worldwide in 2017 [2]. The rising global drug use and its severe adverse consequences make the drug treatment/rehabilitation a top priority for policymakers. In modern China, illicit drug use has raised great concern from both the academia and the public. Nearly 2.15 million Chinese were registered as drug users in 2019 [28]. Drug-related crimes and deaths are also increasing [29]. The current drug treatment programs in China are mainly compulsory, addressing coercion and discipline. However, the effectiveness was found to be low [3]. Situated in the ields of social work, public health, and psychology, Chinese scholars and practitioners have conducted some empirical tests for these drug treatment/rehabilitation programs and already found several effective preventive factors in the programs. However, the existing research on the design and evaluation of Chinese drug treatment/rehabilitation programs rarely investigate the theoretical rationales behind these programs. This study would address three criminological theories that have been applied to explain drug treatment and rehabilitation in Western societies: Differential Association Theory, Social Bonding Theory, and Labeling Theory. Similar theoretical rationales could be learnt and adopted by Chinese programs.","PeriodicalId":14828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90929826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.29328/journal.jatr.1001012
Y. Razvodovsky
Background: the level of alcohol consumption per capita is an important indicator of the alcohol-related problems. However, it is difficult to estimate the real level of alcohol consumption, since part of the consumption comes from illegal sources. Aim: an overview of studies estimating the overall level of alcohol consumption in Russia. Methods: in this review, 9 articles were analyzed estimating the overall level of alcohol consumption in Russia. Results: in the period from 1956 to 2015 the overall level of alcohol consumption was subject to significant fluctuations: it grew almost linearly in the period from 1965 to 1979; decreased markedly in 1981; declined sharply between 1984 and 1987; rose sharply between 1991 and 1994; decreased significantly between 1995 and 1998; then increased significantly in the period from 1999 to 2003, after which it began to decline. The lowest estimate of the level of alcohol consumption for the entire period under consideration was obtained using the method proposed by Razvodovsky (7.25 litres - 1987), and the highest - using the method proposed by Norstrom (19.64 litres - 1994). Conclusion: despite a significant decrease in the level of alcohol consumption in Russia over the past decade, this level remains high.
{"title":"Estimation of the level of alcohol consumption in Russia: A literature review","authors":"Y. Razvodovsky","doi":"10.29328/journal.jatr.1001012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.jatr.1001012","url":null,"abstract":"Background: the level of alcohol consumption per capita is an important indicator of the alcohol-related problems. However, it is difficult to estimate the real level of alcohol consumption, since part of the consumption comes from illegal sources. Aim: an overview of studies estimating the overall level of alcohol consumption in Russia. Methods: in this review, 9 articles were analyzed estimating the overall level of alcohol consumption in Russia. Results: in the period from 1956 to 2015 the overall level of alcohol consumption was subject to significant fluctuations: it grew almost linearly in the period from 1965 to 1979; decreased markedly in 1981; declined sharply between 1984 and 1987; rose sharply between 1991 and 1994; decreased significantly between 1995 and 1998; then increased significantly in the period from 1999 to 2003, after which it began to decline. The lowest estimate of the level of alcohol consumption for the entire period under consideration was obtained using the method proposed by Razvodovsky (7.25 litres - 1987), and the highest - using the method proposed by Norstrom (19.64 litres - 1994). Conclusion: despite a significant decrease in the level of alcohol consumption in Russia over the past decade, this level remains high.","PeriodicalId":14828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82970449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-27DOI: 10.29328/JOURNAL.JATR.1001009
N. Nielsen, E. Wiig
{"title":"A forensic treatment-monitoring study of an adult with attention-deficit disorder with hyperactivity and substance use disorder","authors":"N. Nielsen, E. Wiig","doi":"10.29328/JOURNAL.JATR.1001009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/JOURNAL.JATR.1001009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80944702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-18DOI: 10.4172/2155-6105.1000380
Kathryn Polak, Thomas K. Burroughs, Jarrod Reisweber, J. Bjork
Objective: Increased rates of Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) have been found among veterans compared to the general population. Efficacious interventions that reduce substance abuse in veterans are of central importance. To address this need, the Four-Session Mind Freedom Plan (MFP) Integrative-Cognitive Behavior Therapy-based treatment was developed. MFP is an adjunctive individual therapy for group-based intensive SUD treatment. We conducted a preliminary investigation into whether veterans assigned to MFP show significantly improved treatment outcomes compared to treatment-as-usual (TAU) individual therapy.Methods: Participants were N=35 veterans enrolled in a four-week intensive outpatient program (IOP) at an urban Veterans Administration Medical Center. Those slated for IOP were assigned randomly to four weekly sessions of either MFP or TAU. At baseline, veterans completed psychometric assessments of SUD and mental health. At IOP completion, participants completed mental health and neurocognitive assessments.Results: Compared to the TAU group, MFP patients were twice as likely to complete IOP treatment (100% vs 50%; p=0.002) and to be abstinent in the final week of IOP (84.6% vs 40.9%; p=0.01). MFP-assigned patients (but not TAU patients) also showed significant reductions in depression over time (group X time interaction, p=0.002), and showed trends toward being less likely to transition to a higher level of SUD care (p=0.06) and for quality of life scores to increase more over time (group X time interaction, p=0.068).Conclusions: These preliminary data indicate that MFP may be an effective individual therapy supplement to group-based SUD therapy in veterans. A multi-site clinical trial of MFP with more practitioners and assessments could replicate and establish generalizability of these findings.
目的:与普通人群相比，退伍军人中物质使用障碍(sud)的发生率有所增加。减少退伍军人药物滥用的有效干预措施至关重要。为了满足这一需求，四期心智自由计划(MFP)基于综合认知行为疗法的治疗被开发出来。MFP是一种以群体为基础的强化SUD治疗的辅助个体化治疗。我们对分配到MFP的退伍军人是否与常规治疗(TAU)个体治疗相比显着改善治疗结果进行了初步调查。方法:参与者N=35名在城市退伍军人管理医疗中心参加为期四周的强化门诊项目(IOP)的退伍军人。那些计划进行IOP的人被随机分配到每周四个MFP或TAU会议。在基线时，退伍军人完成了SUD和心理健康的心理测量评估。在IOP完成后，参与者完成了心理健康和神经认知评估。结果:与TAU组相比，MFP患者完成IOP治疗的可能性是TAU组的两倍(100% vs 50%;p=0.002)和IOP最后一周戒酒(84.6% vs 40.9%;p = 0.01)。mfp指定的患者(而不是TAU患者)也随着时间的推移显示出抑郁症的显著减少(X组时间相互作用，p=0.002)，并且显示出不太可能过渡到更高水平的SUD护理的趋势(p=0.06)，并且随着时间的推移生活质量得分增加更多(X组时间相互作用，p=0.068)。结论:这些初步数据表明，MFP可能是退伍军人以团体为基础的SUD治疗的有效个体治疗补充。一项有更多从业人员和评估的多地点MFP临床试验可以重复并建立这些发现的普遍性。
{"title":"Four-Session Transcending Self Therapy for Substance use, Depression, and Treatment Retention among Veterans with Substance use Disorders: A Pilot Study","authors":"Kathryn Polak, Thomas K. Burroughs, Jarrod Reisweber, J. Bjork","doi":"10.4172/2155-6105.1000380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105.1000380","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Increased rates of Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) have been found among veterans compared to the general population. Efficacious interventions that reduce substance abuse in veterans are of central importance. To address this need, the Four-Session Mind Freedom Plan (MFP) Integrative-Cognitive Behavior Therapy-based treatment was developed. MFP is an adjunctive individual therapy for group-based intensive SUD treatment. We conducted a preliminary investigation into whether veterans assigned to MFP show significantly improved treatment outcomes compared to treatment-as-usual (TAU) individual therapy.Methods: Participants were N=35 veterans enrolled in a four-week intensive outpatient program (IOP) at an urban Veterans Administration Medical Center. Those slated for IOP were assigned randomly to four weekly sessions of either MFP or TAU. At baseline, veterans completed psychometric assessments of SUD and mental health. At IOP completion, participants completed mental health and neurocognitive assessments.Results: Compared to the TAU group, MFP patients were twice as likely to complete IOP treatment (100% vs 50%; p=0.002) and to be abstinent in the final week of IOP (84.6% vs 40.9%; p=0.01). MFP-assigned patients (but not TAU patients) also showed significant reductions in depression over time (group X time interaction, p=0.002), and showed trends toward being less likely to transition to a higher level of SUD care (p=0.06) and for quality of life scores to increase more over time (group X time interaction, p=0.068).Conclusions: These preliminary data indicate that MFP may be an effective individual therapy supplement to group-based SUD therapy in veterans. A multi-site clinical trial of MFP with more practitioners and assessments could replicate and establish generalizability of these findings.","PeriodicalId":14828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73421007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-18DOI: 10.4172/2155-6105-c3-042
pAmany Haroun El Rasheedp
{"title":"New drugs of abuse: What clinicians need to know?","authors":"pAmany Haroun El Rasheedp","doi":"10.4172/2155-6105-c3-042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105-c3-042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76728674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-03DOI: 10.4172/2155-6105.1000e141
Veera Manukonda
{"title":"Co-Occurring Disorders and Treatment","authors":"Veera Manukonda","doi":"10.4172/2155-6105.1000e141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105.1000e141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77252712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-24DOI: 10.4172/2155-6105-C2-039
pDavid G Petkashp
{"title":"Forensic addiction psychiatry as it pertains to the impaired physician/medical healthcare professional, a brief synopsis - including a review of the literature","authors":"pDavid G Petkashp","doi":"10.4172/2155-6105-C2-039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105-C2-039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81177556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-25DOI: 10.4172/2155-6105-c1-036
Colin LaGalia
{"title":"Drug of abuse testing for synthetic cannabinoids and psychoactive drugs","authors":"Colin LaGalia","doi":"10.4172/2155-6105-c1-036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105-c1-036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74208049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-25DOI: 10.4172/2155-6105.1000360
Bertram W. Roberts, Laura Perches, H. Sagiraju, I. Cech, J. Herbold
Background and objective: Comparison of retention in office-based, private-pay, outpatient opiate treatment programs with methadone or buprenorphine. Methods: Descriptive study with a prospective design comparing treatment retention in a licensed opiate treatment program (OTP) and buprenorphine program (BUP) offered in the same office-based setting. Over a period of 4.5 years, 1,372 patients were observed from program admission until six months or dropout, whichever was earlier. Results and conclusion: OTP had greater retention than BUP (36% vs. 15.8%); however, in both programs, retention was lower than reported elsewhere. Hispanic ethnicity, being married, and being unemployed correlate with significant dropout in OTP. Causes of early drop out in BUP were unclear. Percent of positive urine drug screens were significantly associated with drop out in both modalities. Significance: Results reflect the situation in a private pay outpatient program where patients are financially responsible for medications, transportation, and services. This, in addition to higher percentage of Hispanic ethnicity in study population and continuation of abuse of illicit substances, might explain overall low retention. Government supported treatment should improve retention in “real world” opiate dependence maintenance treatment.
背景与目的:美沙酮或丁丙诺啡在办公室、私人支付、门诊阿片类药物治疗方案中的保留率比较。方法:采用前瞻性设计的描述性研究，比较在相同的办公室环境中，阿片类药物治疗方案(OTP)和丁丙诺啡方案(BUP)的治疗保留情况。在4.5年的时间里，观察了1372名患者，从项目进入到6个月或退出，以较早者为准。结果与结论:OTP的保留率高于BUP (36% vs. 15.8%);然而，在这两个项目中，保留率都低于其他地方。西班牙裔、已婚和失业与OTP中显著的辍学率相关。BUP患者早期辍学的原因尚不清楚。尿液药物筛查阳性的百分比与两种方式的退学显著相关。意义:结果反映了一个私人支付门诊项目的情况，病人在经济上负责药物、交通和服务。这一点，再加上西班牙裔在研究人群中所占比例较高，以及非法药物的持续滥用，可能解释了总体上低保留率的原因。政府支持的治疗应改善在“现实世界”阿片类药物依赖维持治疗中的滞留情况。
{"title":"“Real World†Factors Influencing Dropout from Opiate Treatment with Methadone and Buprenorphine","authors":"Bertram W. Roberts, Laura Perches, H. Sagiraju, I. Cech, J. Herbold","doi":"10.4172/2155-6105.1000360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105.1000360","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Comparison of retention in office-based, private-pay, outpatient opiate treatment programs with methadone or buprenorphine. Methods: Descriptive study with a prospective design comparing treatment retention in a licensed opiate treatment program (OTP) and buprenorphine program (BUP) offered in the same office-based setting. Over a period of 4.5 years, 1,372 patients were observed from program admission until six months or dropout, whichever was earlier. Results and conclusion: OTP had greater retention than BUP (36% vs. 15.8%); however, in both programs, retention was lower than reported elsewhere. Hispanic ethnicity, being married, and being unemployed correlate with significant dropout in OTP. Causes of early drop out in BUP were unclear. Percent of positive urine drug screens were significantly associated with drop out in both modalities. Significance: Results reflect the situation in a private pay outpatient program where patients are financially responsible for medications, transportation, and services. This, in addition to higher percentage of Hispanic ethnicity in study population and continuation of abuse of illicit substances, might explain overall low retention. Government supported treatment should improve retention in “real world” opiate dependence maintenance treatment.","PeriodicalId":14828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90505934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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