Pub Date : 2017-04-30DOI: 10.4172/2155-6105.1000322
Hyun-ji Shin, Y. I. Choi, K. Kim
The goal of this study was to identify the moderated mediating effect of family member's gambling problem on the connection between abuse, emotion regulation and problem gambling. To this end, a research model was tested among 642 adults (men: 473, women: 169) who gambled at least once a year and had been categorized as problem gamblers based on the CPGI score (8 and above). The study results were as follows: for men, abuse was identified to have a direct effect on problem gambling and an indirect influence on problem gambling by lowering their emotion regulation. In addition, men who experienced much abuse and had a family member with a gambling problem were found to suffer with a gambling problem of higher severity. This indicates that family member’s gambling problem moderates the connection between abuse and gambling problem. As for women, history of domestic abuse affected emotion regulation, but emotion regulation did not mediate the connection between abuse and gambling problem. This study has its significance as it identifies the mechanism of family member’s gambling problem from the perspective of developmental psychopathology, in addition to the mechanism of emotion regulation and gambling problem on the developmental path that negative childhood experience can lead to adjustment problem in adulthood.
{"title":"The Effects of Abuse, Emotion Regulation and Family MemberâÂÂs GamblingProblem on Problem Gamblers: Developmental Perspective","authors":"Hyun-ji Shin, Y. I. Choi, K. Kim","doi":"10.4172/2155-6105.1000322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105.1000322","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this study was to identify the moderated mediating effect of family member's gambling problem on the connection between abuse, emotion regulation and problem gambling. To this end, a research model was tested among 642 adults (men: 473, women: 169) who gambled at least once a year and had been categorized as problem gamblers based on the CPGI score (8 and above). The study results were as follows: for men, abuse was identified to have a direct effect on problem gambling and an indirect influence on problem gambling by lowering their emotion regulation. In addition, men who experienced much abuse and had a family member with a gambling problem were found to suffer with a gambling problem of higher severity. This indicates that family member’s gambling problem moderates the connection between abuse and gambling problem. As for women, history of domestic abuse affected emotion regulation, but emotion regulation did not mediate the connection between abuse and gambling problem. This study has its significance as it identifies the mechanism of family member’s gambling problem from the perspective of developmental psychopathology, in addition to the mechanism of emotion regulation and gambling problem on the developmental path that negative childhood experience can lead to adjustment problem in adulthood.","PeriodicalId":14828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy","volume":"152 3 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83448055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-30DOI: 10.4172/2155-6105.1000321
Sergio A. Useche, Andrea Serge, Francisco Alonso, Cristina Esteban
Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of two addictive behaviours (regular alcohol consumption and smoking) among professional drivers and its relationship to Job Strain (job stress indicator of the Demand-Control model) and self-reported road safety outcomes. Methods: The study sample was composed by 2445 Colombian professional drivers with an average of 38.01 years of age, a mean of driving experience of 15.81 years and, in average, 7.35 hours of daily driving. Participants of this study had a mean of 0.41 road accidents and 0.50 traffic fines registered in the last two years. It was designed a questionnaire composed by three sections: a) socio-demographic data, including items such as gender, age, and driving habits, b) Job Strain (JCQ), and c) self-reported habits related to addictive behaviors, in particular smoking and alcohol consumption. Results: It was found that 20.3% of professional drivers have the habit of actively consuming tobacco, and 27.9% of drinking alcohol regularly. Furthermore, 28% of the sample presents Job Strain. Further, significant trends between smoking and: a) gender (i.e., being a male driver), and b) the fact of having Job Strain were found. Regarding alcohol consumption, two-step cluster analysis allowed to establish profiles of drivers when combining the fact of drinking alcohol regularly (or not) and the self-reported rates of fines and traffic accidents registered for the last two years. Finally, significant differences in Job Strain were established between drivers in both clusters, being the mean score higher for drivers reporting regular alcohol consumption and higher rates of fines and crashes. Conclusion: This research suggests the need for the development of comprehensive interventions on psychosocial factors at work and lifestyle issues among professional drivers, based on the reported rates of the two addressed addictive behaviors and its relationship to adverse health, occupational and safety outcomes.
{"title":"Alcohol Consumption, Smoking, Job Stress and Road Safety in ProfessionalDrivers","authors":"Sergio A. Useche, Andrea Serge, Francisco Alonso, Cristina Esteban","doi":"10.4172/2155-6105.1000321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105.1000321","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of two addictive behaviours (regular alcohol consumption and smoking) among professional drivers and its relationship to Job Strain (job stress indicator of the Demand-Control model) and self-reported road safety outcomes. Methods: The study sample was composed by 2445 Colombian professional drivers with an average of 38.01 years of age, a mean of driving experience of 15.81 years and, in average, 7.35 hours of daily driving. Participants of this study had a mean of 0.41 road accidents and 0.50 traffic fines registered in the last two years. It was designed a questionnaire composed by three sections: a) socio-demographic data, including items such as gender, age, and driving habits, b) Job Strain (JCQ), and c) self-reported habits related to addictive behaviors, in particular smoking and alcohol consumption. Results: It was found that 20.3% of professional drivers have the habit of actively consuming tobacco, and 27.9% of drinking alcohol regularly. Furthermore, 28% of the sample presents Job Strain. Further, significant trends between smoking and: a) gender (i.e., being a male driver), and b) the fact of having Job Strain were found. Regarding alcohol consumption, two-step cluster analysis allowed to establish profiles of drivers when combining the fact of drinking alcohol regularly (or not) and the self-reported rates of fines and traffic accidents registered for the last two years. Finally, significant differences in Job Strain were established between drivers in both clusters, being the mean score higher for drivers reporting regular alcohol consumption and higher rates of fines and crashes. Conclusion: This research suggests the need for the development of comprehensive interventions on psychosocial factors at work and lifestyle issues among professional drivers, based on the reported rates of the two addressed addictive behaviors and its relationship to adverse health, occupational and safety outcomes.","PeriodicalId":14828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85194104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-18DOI: 10.4172/2155-6105.1000320
Mesfin Geremew Birega, Banchlay Addis, Minilk Agmasu, M. Tadele
Background: The world drug problem continues to constitute a serious threat to public health and to the safety and well-being of humanity. It is also one of burning public health problem in Ethiopia. There is research evidence that showed increment of trend of substance abuse among high school and college students. Objective: To assess the magnitude of substance abuse among students of Aman Poly Technique College in 2016. Methodology: A descriptive quantitative cross sectional study was conducted to assess the magnitude of substance abuse among the students of Aman Poly Technique College. Results: The overall Prevalence of substance abuse was 42.5%. The commonly used substances were chat chewing 65%, Alcohol 28% and cigarette 4.8%. And the reasons to initiate substance abuse were peer pressure were36.8%, to relive from tension 20% and academic dissatisfaction were 18.4%. Conclusion: According to this study we conclude that chat was the most abused substance followed by alcohol and peer pressure was the most significant reason to initiate substance abuse.
{"title":"Descriptive Study on Magnitude of Substance Abuse among Students of Aman Poly Technique College Students, Bench Maji Zone South West Ethiopia","authors":"Mesfin Geremew Birega, Banchlay Addis, Minilk Agmasu, M. Tadele","doi":"10.4172/2155-6105.1000320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105.1000320","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The world drug problem continues to constitute a serious threat to public health and to the safety and well-being of humanity. It is also one of burning public health problem in Ethiopia. There is research evidence that showed increment of trend of substance abuse among high school and college students. \u0000Objective: To assess the magnitude of substance abuse among students of Aman Poly Technique College in 2016. \u0000Methodology: A descriptive quantitative cross sectional study was conducted to assess the magnitude of substance abuse among the students of Aman Poly Technique College. \u0000Results: The overall Prevalence of substance abuse was 42.5%. The commonly used substances were chat chewing 65%, Alcohol 28% and cigarette 4.8%. And the reasons to initiate substance abuse were peer pressure were36.8%, to relive from tension 20% and academic dissatisfaction were 18.4%. \u0000Conclusion: According to this study we conclude that chat was the most abused substance followed by alcohol and peer pressure was the most significant reason to initiate substance abuse.","PeriodicalId":14828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy","volume":"84 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77140889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-17DOI: 10.4172/2155-6105.1000319
C. Chukwujekwu
A commentary on “The co-morbidity of Alcohol Use Disorder and depression among patients attending a tertiary hospital in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria” is the objective of this exercise. The study demonstrated a higher rate of alcohol use disorders (AUD) among those who presented with depressive symptoms. Furthermore, about half of the subjects who met the criteria for AUD in the study also met the criteria for depression while only a quarter of those who didn’t satisfy the criteria for AUD were also found to be depressed. This underscores the concept of comorbidity which is well documented as a challenging phenomenon for therapists. The coexistence of two chronic illnesses in the same individual constitutes double jeopardy because of their synergistic deleterious consequences on the body. Even though many plausible theories have been propounded to explain the concept of co-morbidity of AUD and Depression, none has sufficiently explained the common risk factor for and/or the exact cause of this challenge. Nevertheless, the need for a routine comprehensive clinical assessment of any patient with co-existing disorders in clinical settings is recommended.
{"title":"Commentary on the Comorbidity of Alcohol Use Disorder and Depressionamong Patients Attending a Tertiary Hospital in the Niger Delta Region ofNigeria","authors":"C. Chukwujekwu","doi":"10.4172/2155-6105.1000319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105.1000319","url":null,"abstract":"A commentary on “The co-morbidity of Alcohol Use Disorder and depression among patients attending a tertiary hospital in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria” is the objective of this exercise. The study demonstrated a higher rate of alcohol use disorders (AUD) among those who presented with depressive symptoms. Furthermore, about half of the subjects who met the criteria for AUD in the study also met the criteria for depression while only a quarter of those who didn’t satisfy the criteria for AUD were also found to be depressed. This underscores the concept of comorbidity which is well documented as a challenging phenomenon for therapists. The coexistence of two chronic illnesses in the same individual constitutes double jeopardy because of their synergistic deleterious consequences on the body. Even though many plausible theories have been propounded to explain the concept of co-morbidity of AUD and Depression, none has sufficiently explained the common risk factor for and/or the exact cause of this challenge. Nevertheless, the need for a routine comprehensive clinical assessment of any patient with co-existing disorders in clinical settings is recommended.","PeriodicalId":14828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy","volume":"2015 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86914908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-17DOI: 10.4172/2155-6105.1000318
G. Katz, Yhuda Kunyvsky, T. Hornik-Lurie, S. Raskin, M. Abramowitz
Objective: There have been relatively few reported carefully constructed studies to date concerning the link between psychoactive substance abuse among first-episode psychotic individuals and specific behavioral aspects that might clarify the comorbidity. Using standard toxicological testing, we compared consecutively admitted inpatients diagnosed with first psychotic episode with and without lifetime and/or active (last month) cannabis abuse or dependence and the levels of impulsivity, sensation seeking and anhedonia. Methods: Ninety-one consecutively admitted psychiatric patients diagnosed using the DSM-IV criteria with a first psychotic episode due to schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, bipolar disorder, brief psychotic episode, and psychosis NOS disorder were included in the study. Patients were aged 18 to 41 (mean 27.1+9.2); seventy-six of the patients (83.5%) were males. Standard urine tests for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) were performed and self-report questionnaires were administered during the first 48 h after admission. The following rating scales were used: the PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (a 34-item self-report), the Zuckerman Sensation-Seeking Scale (form V), and the Chapman Physical Anhedonia Scale (a 61-item self-report). Results: According to bivariate correlations, the PANSS Positive Scale was significantly correlated with the Barratt Rating Scale (0.260; p ≤ 0.05) and the PANSS Negative with Physical Anhedonia Scale (0.389, p ≤ 0.001). Rates for the Zuckerman Rating Scale (f=20.1, p ≤ 0.001) and the Barratt Rating Scale (f=5.15, p ≤ 0.05) were significantly higher in the group of cannabis abusers with no clear difference between abusers and nonusers in the PANSS and the Physical Anhedonia Scale. Conclusion: The results of the study showed high levels of impulsivity and sensation seeking in the group of inpatients suffering from first psychotic episode and cannabis abuse comorbidity compared to first-episode inpatients with no substance abuse.
{"title":"Impulsivity, Sensation Seeking and Anhedonia as Possible Explanations forCannabis Abuse Comorbidity among First Psychotic Episode Inpatients","authors":"G. Katz, Yhuda Kunyvsky, T. Hornik-Lurie, S. Raskin, M. Abramowitz","doi":"10.4172/2155-6105.1000318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105.1000318","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: There have been relatively few reported carefully constructed studies to date concerning the link between psychoactive substance abuse among first-episode psychotic individuals and specific behavioral aspects that might clarify the comorbidity. Using standard toxicological testing, we compared consecutively admitted inpatients diagnosed with first psychotic episode with and without lifetime and/or active (last month) cannabis abuse or dependence and the levels of impulsivity, sensation seeking and anhedonia. Methods: Ninety-one consecutively admitted psychiatric patients diagnosed using the DSM-IV criteria with a first psychotic episode due to schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, bipolar disorder, brief psychotic episode, and psychosis NOS disorder were included in the study. Patients were aged 18 to 41 (mean 27.1+9.2); seventy-six of the patients (83.5%) were males. Standard urine tests for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) were performed and self-report questionnaires were administered during the first 48 h after admission. The following rating scales were used: the PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (a 34-item self-report), the Zuckerman Sensation-Seeking Scale (form V), and the Chapman Physical Anhedonia Scale (a 61-item self-report). Results: According to bivariate correlations, the PANSS Positive Scale was significantly correlated with the Barratt Rating Scale (0.260; p ≤ 0.05) and the PANSS Negative with Physical Anhedonia Scale (0.389, p ≤ 0.001). Rates for the Zuckerman Rating Scale (f=20.1, p ≤ 0.001) and the Barratt Rating Scale (f=5.15, p ≤ 0.05) were significantly higher in the group of cannabis abusers with no clear difference between abusers and nonusers in the PANSS and the Physical Anhedonia Scale. Conclusion: The results of the study showed high levels of impulsivity and sensation seeking in the group of inpatients suffering from first psychotic episode and cannabis abuse comorbidity compared to first-episode inpatients with no substance abuse.","PeriodicalId":14828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75209004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-11DOI: 10.4172/2155-6105.1000317
G. Şenel, Gonca Oğuz, Nesteren Koçak, N. Kadıoğulları
Objective: People with a history of substance misuse may develop cancer and associated pain syndromes requiring opioid therapy. These patients are at increased risk of receiving inadequate pain management due to fear of exacerbating the addiction by using opioid medications and the lack of knowledge about treating patients with addiction. We present our pain treatment strategy in a pancreatic cancer patient with a history of substance abuse. Case report: A 38 years male patient was admitted to emergency service with severe epigastric pain. He had a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and underwent surgery 3 years ago. He had recurrence while receiving chemotherapy. He was using transdermal fentanyl 100 mcg/h and morphine subcutaneously given by his primary doctor. He was unable to obtain morphine because of prescription problems and experiencing severe pain and abstinence symptoms. On pain consultation, it was learned that he had a history of substance abuse and received treatment. A bilateral neurolytic splanchnic block was performed for pain relief and the patient was integrated to a supportive program with psychiatry clinic. After 3 months, pain control was adequate with transdermal fentanyl 50 mcg/h and adjuvant drugs. Conclusion: Splanchnic plexus neurolysis is a technique that can potentially improve pain control and quality of life in pancreatic cancer. For the effective management of pain in patients with a co-occurring addictive disorder, invasive treatment techniques might be preferable early in the course of pain treatment instead of opioid dose escalation. Good communication between teams is essential.
{"title":"Pain Management in a Patient with Pancreatic Cancer and Substance UseDisorder","authors":"G. Şenel, Gonca Oğuz, Nesteren Koçak, N. Kadıoğulları","doi":"10.4172/2155-6105.1000317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105.1000317","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: People with a history of substance misuse may develop cancer and associated pain syndromes requiring opioid therapy. These patients are at increased risk of receiving inadequate pain management due to fear of exacerbating the addiction by using opioid medications and the lack of knowledge about treating patients with addiction. We present our pain treatment strategy in a pancreatic cancer patient with a history of substance abuse. Case report: A 38 years male patient was admitted to emergency service with severe epigastric pain. He had a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and underwent surgery 3 years ago. He had recurrence while receiving chemotherapy. He was using transdermal fentanyl 100 mcg/h and morphine subcutaneously given by his primary doctor. He was unable to obtain morphine because of prescription problems and experiencing severe pain and abstinence symptoms. On pain consultation, it was learned that he had a history of substance abuse and received treatment. A bilateral neurolytic splanchnic block was performed for pain relief and the patient was integrated to a supportive program with psychiatry clinic. After 3 months, pain control was adequate with transdermal fentanyl 50 mcg/h and adjuvant drugs. Conclusion: Splanchnic plexus neurolysis is a technique that can potentially improve pain control and quality of life in pancreatic cancer. For the effective management of pain in patients with a co-occurring addictive disorder, invasive treatment techniques might be preferable early in the course of pain treatment instead of opioid dose escalation. Good communication between teams is essential.","PeriodicalId":14828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90824453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-10DOI: 10.4172/2155-6105.1000316
Karishma Rajbh, P. ari, Ey, P. DipeshRaj, Ay, N. Sapkota, Anish Dhami, Akshay Sarraf, eep Shrestha, D. Kc
Introduction: Smokers claim that smoking increases their concentration, alertness, and overall mental performance. On the contrary, evidences point at gradual cognitive deterioration in smokers. Cognitive deterioration can be assessed by Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA). Objective: To compare the cognitive status in smoker and non-smoker medical students. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was done in 46 male medical students with normal cardiac and pulmonary functions (23 smokers and 23 non-smokers, FTND was used to establish smoking status) at Pulmonary Function Lab in the Department of Basic and Clinical Physiology, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) were measured to exclude pulmonary function defect. Blood Pressure (SBP and DBP) was used to ascertain subjects with normal and abnormal cardiac function. For cognition assessment Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), which is a close ended questionnaire, was used. Data were expressed in median and Inter-Quartile-Range (IQR). Chi-square Test was applied to observe association between smoking and cognition (normal vs. impaired cognition). Results: All baseline variables viz., anthropometric (Age and BMI), cardiovascular (Diastolic and Systolic Blood Pressures) and pulmonary function (VC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC) were comparable between smokers and nonsmokers except age. Greater percentage of smokers compared to non-smokers (48% vs. 22%) had mild cognitive decline as measured by MoCA score. However, the finding was statistically non-significant (0.063). Conclusion: Low nicotine-dependent male medical students with normal pulmonary and cardiac functions, showed mild but insignificant cognitive decline as measured by MoCA score.
{"title":"Effect of Smoking in Cognition among Male Medical Students","authors":"Karishma Rajbh, P. ari, Ey, P. DipeshRaj, Ay, N. Sapkota, Anish Dhami, Akshay Sarraf, eep Shrestha, D. Kc","doi":"10.4172/2155-6105.1000316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105.1000316","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Smokers claim that smoking increases their concentration, alertness, and overall mental performance. On the contrary, evidences point at gradual cognitive deterioration in smokers. Cognitive deterioration can be assessed by Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA). Objective: To compare the cognitive status in smoker and non-smoker medical students. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was done in 46 male medical students with normal cardiac and pulmonary functions (23 smokers and 23 non-smokers, FTND was used to establish smoking status) at Pulmonary Function Lab in the Department of Basic and Clinical Physiology, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) were measured to exclude pulmonary function defect. Blood Pressure (SBP and DBP) was used to ascertain subjects with normal and abnormal cardiac function. For cognition assessment Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), which is a close ended questionnaire, was used. Data were expressed in median and Inter-Quartile-Range (IQR). Chi-square Test was applied to observe association between smoking and cognition (normal vs. impaired cognition). Results: All baseline variables viz., anthropometric (Age and BMI), cardiovascular (Diastolic and Systolic Blood Pressures) and pulmonary function (VC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC) were comparable between smokers and nonsmokers except age. Greater percentage of smokers compared to non-smokers (48% vs. 22%) had mild cognitive decline as measured by MoCA score. However, the finding was statistically non-significant (0.063). Conclusion: Low nicotine-dependent male medical students with normal pulmonary and cardiac functions, showed mild but insignificant cognitive decline as measured by MoCA score.","PeriodicalId":14828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74795682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-31DOI: 10.4172/2155-6105.1000314
A. Tabet, J. Oliver, Richard Paul Diaz
Objective: Severe alcohol usage is detrimental to one’s health and has led to numerous deaths in the United States. It has been clearly established in studies that individuals have utilized alcohol to self-medicate in an attempt to minimize their anxiety, stress, emotional instability and depression in their lives. The objective of this study was to explore anxiety levels and compare the patient’s anxiety upon two admissions and two discharges, to observe any triggers that may have contributed to a relapse of alcoholism among patients with a primary diagnosis of alcohol dependence and withdrawal. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 20 randomly selected charts was audited from September 2014 to August 1, 2016 from a small, private detox unit in Texas. Charts were reviewed for the following data: age, gender, number of admissions, discharges, their primary, secondary diagnosis, and their Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale, Revised (CIWA-Ar) levels on two admission and discharges. Results: Patients who were admitted on second admission with higher anxiety than the prior admission had a tentative decrease in anxiety between the second admission and discharge then the previous one. There was a tentatively significant decrease of anxiety on the second admission and second discharge. Perhaps the patient was learning how to manage their anxiety with each admission and discharge. Conclusion: Alcohol dependence is a multi-faceted problem that can contribute to numerous health disparities. This pilot study suggested that it was essential, prior to discharge, patients must understand how to identify their origin of their anxiety and how to manage their anxiety during each admission and discharge.
{"title":"Exploring and Comparing Anxiety Levels on Patients Admitted Twice to a DetoxUnit with a Primary Diagnosis of Alcohol Dependence and Withdrawal: A PilotStudy","authors":"A. Tabet, J. Oliver, Richard Paul Diaz","doi":"10.4172/2155-6105.1000314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105.1000314","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Severe alcohol usage is detrimental to one’s health and has led to numerous deaths in the United States. It has been clearly established in studies that individuals have utilized alcohol to self-medicate in an attempt to minimize their anxiety, stress, emotional instability and depression in their lives. The objective of this study was to explore anxiety levels and compare the patient’s anxiety upon two admissions and two discharges, to observe any triggers that may have contributed to a relapse of alcoholism among patients with a primary diagnosis of alcohol dependence and withdrawal. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 20 randomly selected charts was audited from September 2014 to August 1, 2016 from a small, private detox unit in Texas. Charts were reviewed for the following data: age, gender, number of admissions, discharges, their primary, secondary diagnosis, and their Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale, Revised (CIWA-Ar) levels on two admission and discharges. Results: Patients who were admitted on second admission with higher anxiety than the prior admission had a tentative decrease in anxiety between the second admission and discharge then the previous one. There was a tentatively significant decrease of anxiety on the second admission and second discharge. Perhaps the patient was learning how to manage their anxiety with each admission and discharge. Conclusion: Alcohol dependence is a multi-faceted problem that can contribute to numerous health disparities. This pilot study suggested that it was essential, prior to discharge, patients must understand how to identify their origin of their anxiety and how to manage their anxiety during each admission and discharge.","PeriodicalId":14828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76135718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-31DOI: 10.4172/2155-6105.1000315
T. M. Santana, M. Greenwald, M. Rosen
Background: Despite the development of several relatively safe and effective medications to treat alcohol use disorder (AUD), underutilization of these medications continues to be a challenge. With other factors, judgments about medications’ risks and benefits can influence prescribers’ practices and patients’ acceptance of these medications. Objective: Describe how behavioral economic principles and presentation of risks/benefits of AUD medications can impact these medications’ utilization and suggest guidelines for how prescribers should describe these medications to patients. Methods: Literature selected by the authors was used in this commentary and formulation of guidelines. Results: Behavioral economic principles relevant to judging risks and benefits of AUD medications include salience, recency, the halo effect, narrative thinking, avoiding cognitive dissonance, and patients’ interoceptive effects. Benefits of reduced alcohol use may be too abstract without elaboration. Medications are more likely to be taken by patients who envision their benefits as salient, prompt, and consistent with other ideas they have about their alcohol use and/or tailored to their psychological state. Explaining risks and benefits using established quantitative and qualitative terms has predictable effects on patients’ perceptions. Risk/benefit discussion should be bi-directional between patient and provider, personalized to issues valued by each patient, and tailored to the individual’s alcoholinduced state. We propose methods to improve information transfer and reduce biased decision making. Conclusion: Whether and how a risk/benefit discussion of AUD medications is conducted can influence utilization of these medications.
{"title":"Risk/Benefit Discussion of Alcohol Use Disorder Medications: BehavioralEconomic Considerations and General Recommendations","authors":"T. M. Santana, M. Greenwald, M. Rosen","doi":"10.4172/2155-6105.1000315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105.1000315","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite the development of several relatively safe and effective medications to treat alcohol use disorder (AUD), underutilization of these medications continues to be a challenge. With other factors, judgments about medications’ risks and benefits can influence prescribers’ practices and patients’ acceptance of these medications. Objective: Describe how behavioral economic principles and presentation of risks/benefits of AUD medications can impact these medications’ utilization and suggest guidelines for how prescribers should describe these medications to patients. Methods: Literature selected by the authors was used in this commentary and formulation of guidelines. Results: Behavioral economic principles relevant to judging risks and benefits of AUD medications include salience, recency, the halo effect, narrative thinking, avoiding cognitive dissonance, and patients’ interoceptive effects. Benefits of reduced alcohol use may be too abstract without elaboration. Medications are more likely to be taken by patients who envision their benefits as salient, prompt, and consistent with other ideas they have about their alcohol use and/or tailored to their psychological state. Explaining risks and benefits using established quantitative and qualitative terms has predictable effects on patients’ perceptions. Risk/benefit discussion should be bi-directional between patient and provider, personalized to issues valued by each patient, and tailored to the individual’s alcoholinduced state. We propose methods to improve information transfer and reduce biased decision making. Conclusion: Whether and how a risk/benefit discussion of AUD medications is conducted can influence utilization of these medications.","PeriodicalId":14828,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83659849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-28DOI: 10.4172/2155-6105.1000313
C. Chukwujekwu, E. Olose, G. O. Dariah, C. Okeafor
Objective: To identify the socio-demographic factors that correlate with depression in patients attending a tertiary hospital in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Methods: 470 subjects, recruited by a systematic sampling method participated in the study. The Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered to each person. Only one hundred and eighty five subjects met the criteria for the second stage of the study, (a score of 18 and above on the BDI). Diagnosis was made with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview schedule and data analysis done with the statistical package in the social sciences (SPSS). Results: The prevalence of depression was significantly lower among the married in comparison to the presently unmarried which includes the widowed, the divorced/separated and the single (X2=4.070, df=1, p
目的:确定与尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲地区三级医院患者抑郁症相关的社会人口因素。方法:采用系统抽样方法招募470名受试者参与研究。对每个人进行贝克抑郁量表(BDI)。只有185名受试者符合第二阶段研究的标准(BDI得分为18分及以上)。诊断采用复合国际诊断访谈计划，数据分析采用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)。结果:已婚人群抑郁患病率明显低于未婚人群(包括丧偶、离婚/分居和单身)(X2=4.070, df=1, p
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