Irrigation and Drainage最新文献

The development of a coupled simulator–optimizer model for planning and appropriate management of resource allocation and usage of the Bakhtegan basin and its wetland is the aim of this study. The objective of this study is to examine whether the multiobjective reptile search algorithm (MORSA) can be used to improve the environmental conditions of the Bakhtegan wetland. A prepared model is created for the next 30 years under the heading of the ‘reference scenario’ on the basis of the existing circumstances. Another management scenario—system optimization—is carried out with MORSA's assistance to attain the system's optimal performance. According to the results, the average amount of water released annually for environmental purposes in the reference scenario (Ref) is approximately 284.5 million cubic meters, whereas the flow release volume in the system optimization (Opt) scenario is 1.48 times greater than that in the reference scenario. In addition to meeting the environmental demands in the system optimization scenario, the percentage of meeting other demands is acceptable. In the reference scenario, over the 30-year period, in a number of months (especially in low water years), the percentage of meeting demands was less than 40%, whereas in the system optimization scenario, it reached approximately 70%.

Promoting the enhancement of water-saving irrigation facilities (WSIFs) within rural communities holds significant practical relevance in addressing agricultural water shortages. Utilizing survey data obtained from 495 farm households within the Wei River Basin in China, this study employs a choice experiment approach that incorporates the extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to investigate the willingness of farmers to advance WSIFs. The findings reveal a strong inclination among farmers towards WSIFs progression, with an average willingness-to-pay (WTP) of 2877.3 CNY per hectare per year. Significant heterogeneity in farmers' WSIFs preferences is evident, with a notable emphasis on land quality. Conversely, water quality, farmers' income and technical guidance/training have associated WTP values of 370.65, 697.05 and 699.6 CNY/ha/year, respectively. In our further TPB path analysis, factors such as attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behaviour control, knowledge and risk perception emerged as explanatory factors for farmers' intentions to transform their behaviour. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that those predominantly engaged in cash-crop cultivation, actively utilizing WSIFs and exhibiting high TPB scores tend to display a heightened inclination towards WSIFs and higher WTP. The findings of this study may offer essential insights and feasible guidance for refining policies that promote WSIFs.

Monitoring the spatiotemporal variations in groundwater parameters is essential for the effective management of water resources in irrigated agricultural regions. This study aims to evaluate the spatiotemporal changes in groundwater depth (GD) and salinity (EC) within the command area of the Koprucay Irrigation System via geostatistical methods integrated with geographic information systems. Trend analyses of the GD and EC values were conducted via the Mann–Kendall test. Our results revealed that the slope of the GD trend exhibited an increasing trend across nearly the entire area. Conversely, concerning the initial value of the trend slope, the entire study area was identified as falling within the ‘risky’ range. Furthermore, the slope of the EC trend demonstrated an increasing trend in only 16% of the study area. In terms of the initial value of the EC trend slope, it was determined that ‘risky’ areas are restricted to a narrow section. These results were probably because the irrigation system was an open channel network and that surface irrigation methods were still dominant in the region. In conclusion, the study highlights significant spatial disparities and temporal trends in GD and EC, underscoring the need for region-specific management strategies.

One of the new water sources is dew. To address this issue, two separate pot experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of dew irrigation on the seed germination and vegetative growth of wheat and chickpea. The irrigation treatments included a control group (non-irrigation) and dew irrigation in the seed germination experiment. In the vegetative growth experiment, the irrigation treatments included dew irrigation and conventional irrigation. The results revealed that dew irrigation resulted in impressive seed germination rates, reaching 91% for wheat and 61% for chickpea, whereas none of the seeds in the non-irrigated control group germinated. In the case of chickpea, compared with dew irrigation, conventional irrigation resulted in greater values for stem dry weight (0.14 vs. 0.12 mg), leaf dry weight (0.083 vs. 0.013 mg), total dry weight (0.26 vs. 0.20 mg) and leaf to stem ratio (0.87 vs. 0.72 mg). For wheat, there was no significant difference between conventional irrigation and dew irrigation concerning the early growth parameters measured. In conclusion, dew irrigation is a viable strategy for facilitating the germination and vegetative growth of both wheat and chickpea, offering a promising approach to alleviate the impact of drought.

To mitigate the soil sloughing and hypoxia from long-term reclaimed water irrigation through ozone micro-nano bubbles (O₃-MNBs) technology, we planted maize in a greenhouse to assess the impacts of O₃-MNBs (OG), reclaimed water (RW), and reclaimed water-O₃-MNBs (ORW) drip irrigation on the rhizosphere soil and bacterial communities during the nutrient growth of maize. The results revealed that, compared with the CK treatment, both irrigation treatments significantly increased the available nitrogen (AN) and potassium (AK) contents, with the highest AN and AK contents found in the soils irrigated with reclaimed water at 96.13 ± 1.76 mg kg⁻¹ and 355.6 ± 13.89 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. High-throughput sequencing revealed that reclaimed water-aerated drip irrigation improved the diversity of the rhizobacterial community, with the dominant phyla being Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Verrucomicrobia, Actinomycetia (class), and Bacilli (class) were identified as biomarker species for the OG, ORW, and RW treatments, respectively. AN and AK are pivotal factors influencing bacterial distribution. A structural equation model revealed that reclaimed water-aerated drip irrigation directly improved soil fertility, thereby influencing the structure and diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities. This study offers a new technology for the safe and efficient use of reclaimed water while also promoting the development of modern agriculture.

To mitigate the soil sloughing and hypoxia from long-term reclaimed water irrigation through ozone micro-nano bubbles (O₃-MNBs) technology, we planted maize in a greenhouse to assess the impacts of O₃-MNBs (OG), reclaimed water (RW), and reclaimed water-O₃-MNBs (ORW) drip irrigation on the rhizosphere soil and bacterial communities during the nutrient growth of maize. The results revealed that, compared with the CK treatment, both irrigation treatments significantly increased the available nitrogen (AN) and potassium (AK) contents, with the highest AN and AK contents found in the soils irrigated with reclaimed water at 96.13 ± 1.76 mg kg⁻¹ and 355.6 ± 13.89 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. High-throughput sequencing revealed that reclaimed water-aerated drip irrigation improved the diversity of the rhizobacterial community, with the dominant phyla being Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Verrucomicrobia, Actinomycetia (class), and Bacilli (class) were identified as biomarker species for the OG, ORW, and RW treatments, respectively. AN and AK are pivotal factors influencing bacterial distribution. A structural equation model revealed that reclaimed water-aerated drip irrigation directly improved soil fertility, thereby influencing the structure and diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities. This study offers a new technology for the safe and efficient use of reclaimed water while also promoting the development of modern agriculture.

With the increasingly severe shortage of agricultural water resources and the problem of land salinization, finding effective irrigation methods to improve soil conditions has become particularly important. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of initial soil salinity on the infiltration characteristics of film hole irrigation. In this work, indoor soil box infiltration experiments were conducted to study the cumulative infiltration, the wetting front transport distance and the distributions of water–fertilizer–salt at the end of the infiltration process under film hole irrigation with clean water and muddy water with different salt contents. The results revealed that the higher the soil salinity was, the lower the cumulative infiltration per unit area, and the shorter the distance of wetting front transport. The greater the distance from the centre of the film hole was, the greater the soil electrical conductivity, and the lower the water content and nitrate nitrogen content. Compared with those under clean water irrigation, the desalination depth and horizontal desalination distance under muddy water irrigation were lower, and the salt ion content at the film hole was greater. The research results could provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of saline soil film hole irrigation.

Screen filters (SFs) are widely used for water purification. Particles adhered to the SF surface can block flow channels and potentially result in changes in the SF filtration level. However, the impact of blockage on the actual filtration level and hydraulic performance of SF remains uncertain. This study investigated the effects of five inlet pressures (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10 MPa) and seven screen apertures (125, 150, 180, 210, 250, 300 and 355 μm) on the filtration effectiveness, head loss and flow rate of agricultural SF. The results revealed that blockage reduced the SF pore size by 16%–45%, increasing the filtration level. An increased inlet pressure accelerated SF blockage and increased the filtration level, reducing the pore size by 14%–35% at 0.10 MPa, compared with 0.02 MPa. However, an improved filtration level led to greater head loss. A trade-off between screen aperture and head loss was identified, suggesting the need for practical SF filtration level adjustments. For the 210 μm filtration requirement, the use of a 250 μm filter at 0.06 MPa or a 300 μm filter at 0.08 MPa achieved the desired aperture while minimizing head loss. Compared with selecting filters solely on the basis of pore size, adjusting the filtration level increased the average flow rate by 23% and decreased the average head loss by 25%. This study provides significant insights into SF filtration grade changes and offers a strategy to reduce filtration energy consumption.

Screen filters (SFs) are widely used for water purification. Particles adhered to the SF surface can block flow channels and potentially result in changes in the SF filtration level. However, the impact of blockage on the actual filtration level and hydraulic performance of SF remains uncertain. This study investigated the effects of five inlet pressures (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10 MPa) and seven screen apertures (125, 150, 180, 210, 250, 300 and 355 μm) on the filtration effectiveness, head loss and flow rate of agricultural SF. The results revealed that blockage reduced the SF pore size by 16%–45%, increasing the filtration level. An increased inlet pressure accelerated SF blockage and increased the filtration level, reducing the pore size by 14%–35% at 0.10 MPa, compared with 0.02 MPa. However, an improved filtration level led to greater head loss. A trade-off between screen aperture and head loss was identified, suggesting the need for practical SF filtration level adjustments. For the 210 μm filtration requirement, the use of a 250 μm filter at 0.06 MPa or a 300 μm filter at 0.08 MPa achieved the desired aperture while minimizing head loss. Compared with selecting filters solely on the basis of pore size, adjusting the filtration level increased the average flow rate by 23% and decreased the average head loss by 25%. This study provides significant insights into SF filtration grade changes and offers a strategy to reduce filtration energy consumption.