Irrigation and Drainage最新文献

In recent years, frequent drought events in Konya, one of Türkiye's most important cereal production centres, have led to increased pressure on water and soil resources, resulting in yield losses, particularly in wheat production. Alternative yield prediction models, especially those that play a crucial role in agricultural import–export planning in the region, are important for economic contributions and the development of early warning systems. In this context, the aim of this study is to develop models that can be used in the yield prediction of wheat varieties widely grown in the Konya Altınova region. Agricultural drought indices obtained from Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and land surface temperature (LST) products of the Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite were used to obtain model inputs. These indices are the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), Temperature Condition Index (TCI), Vegetation Health Index (VHI) and Vegetation Supply Water Index (VSWI). In obtaining the input parameters for the models, the growth periods of the varieties in the region were also considered. Using various machine learning algorithms, 21 yield prediction models for Bayraktar-2000, 12 for Kızıltan-91 and 8 for Bezostaya-1 were presented as alternatives, with model performances (coefficient of determination, R²) ranging between 0.74 and 0.97, 0.73 and 0.96, and 0.69 and 0.87, respectively.

Sesame irrigation is essential in drought-prone regions. However, information about the water needs of sesame is scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine crop evapotranspiration (ET_c) and the sesame crop coefficient (K_c) during the rainy (S1) and dry (S2) seasons in the coastal tablelands of Alagoas, Brazil. The BRS Seda cultivar was grown in Rio Largo, Alagoas, Brazil, between 2021 and 2022. A system with 25 drainage lysimeters was installed to estimate the daily and cumulative ET_c and the K_c for the entire crop cycle. The ET_c was partitioned into transpiration (T) and evaporation (E), and the basal crop coefficients (K_cb) and soil evaporation coefficients (K_e) were subsequently estimated. The daily and cumulative ET_c were 3.04 mm day⁻¹ and 450.4 mm cycle⁻¹, respectively, in S1 and 3.52 mm day⁻¹ and 440.1 mm cycle⁻¹, respectively, in S2. Regardless of the season, T was the main water flux (74%–80% of the ET_c). The mean values of K_c were similar for S1 (0.79) and S2 (0.75), and K_cb and K_e followed the same trend as T and E, respectively. The accumulated ET_c and K_c of sesame cultivated in the coastal tablelands of Alagoas, Northeast Brazil, are similar for the rainy and dry seasons.

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the potential savings of irrigation water by assessing the soil water balance during the growing season in a wine vineyard in the Maule region, Chile. This study provides insights into the influences of different irrigation water applications on soil water status and its potential effects on grape yields, water use efficiency (WUE) and the cost of irrigation to help improve irrigation practices in the region and other similar Mediterranean regions. The field experiment compared three levels of irrigation water applied: current irrigation of the vineyard (T₀) and two deficit irrigation treatments with reductions to 75% (T₁) and 50% of the irrigated water (T₂). The measurements included volumetric soil water content, shallow groundwater table, canopy cover and grape yield at harvest during the entire growing season (October 2017 to April 2018). We found a potential reduction of 25% or 50% in the current irrigation system while maintaining the grape yield, increasing the WUE and reducing the cost of irrigation. Consideration of the water stored in the soil by the accumulation of rainfall in the winter season and the potential for capillary rise of shallow groundwaters is crucial for adjusting irrigation to vine water requirements.

In Pakistan's arid agricultural landscape, this 4-year (2020–2023) study on silty loam soil examined the relationships between sowing methods, irrigation practices, rice yield and water productivity. Using a randomized split block design, no tillage (NT) with alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and a furrow-irrigated narrow bed (NB) emerged as being consistently competitive, showing potential for sustainable rice cultivation. Key findings indicate that AWD significantly enhances water productivity (11–35%) and increases yield (2–10%) compared to conventional practices. Drip-irrigated wide beds (WBs) conserve substantial amounts of water (73%) but may compromise rice yield (4–47%). This study provides valuable insights into the dynamic outcomes and distinct performance trends of different rice varieties. The results suggest a potential maximum yield increase of 2–22% through optimized practices, and replacing rice may increase yield by 25–231%. Conversely, the selection of improper irrigation schedules and sowing methods for the given soil and crop conditions may lead to a yield reduction of up to 47% in high-yielding rice varieties. These findings may help to establish a foundation for further research investigating informed decision making for sowing and irrigation methods. The potential scalability of the identified technologies and further in-depth simulation strategies across diverse agroecological zones in Pakistan holds promise for widespread adoption, enhancing the sustainability of rice farming in the region.

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is moderately tolerant to salt and water stress, but its production can still be significantly and adversely affected by increases in these stressors as a result of the negative impacts of climate change on agricultural soil and crop productivity. The morphological and productivity (dry head weight, dry root weight, dry shoot weight, head diameter, whole seed weight, crude protein content, crude oil content, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, eicosanoic acid, 11-eicosenoic acid, homo-gamma-linolenic w6 acid, lignoceric acid and plant height) responses of modern sunflower germplasms to different levels of salt and drought stress under greenhouse and field conditions were investigated and analysed. Six germplasms were evaluated under three salt concentrations (0, 150 and 250 mM), and two germplasms were evaluated for drought response under three irrigation levels. Significant differences in the response of sunflower germplasms to water and salinity were detected. The same germplasms exhibited significant differences in response to water and salinity between the treatments, which also varied significantly between the germplasms for the same treatment. The irrigation level significantly influenced the amount of oil but not the crude protein or fatty acid composition. The results and information of this research can aid in selecting and improving sunflower productivity under adverse (i.e. saline and drought) conditions.

The Mekong Delta, South East Asia's ‘rice bowl’, sustains more than 18 million people through its agricultural output. This yield is secured by efficient water management systems but is susceptible to climatic changes. As Vietnam's policies aim to optimize the delta's semi-mountainous regions reliant on rain-fed agriculture, this study investigates drought risks and climate change impacts on runoff in the O Ta Soc and O Tuk Sa reservoirs, An Giang Province, Vietnam. Using simulation models, we determined runoff volumes for specific rainfall return periods and climate scenarios for the 2030s and 2050s. Using the storm water management model (SWMM), we simulated the reservoir water balance considering rainfall, evaporation and infiltration. Our findings suggest potentially increased runoff and reservoir storage due to intensified monsoons and reduced off-season rainfall. The 4.77 km² drainage of the O Ta Soc reservoir could benefit from this, while the 2.55 km² drainage of the O Tuk Sa watershed may require alternative water-sourcing strategies. This research offers insights for drought predictions, flood management and water strategies in An Giang. To refine these predictions, future research should consider upcoming rainfall patterns.

The aim of this study was to compare the performance of water user organizations (WUOs) in the agricultural sector in terms of their managerial efficiency. A survey was carried out across the study area to evaluate 67 WUOs, including irrigation cooperatives, municipalities, village legal entities (VLEs) and water user associations (WUAs). The findings were then used to create a management performance index. It has been determined that municipalities excel in terms of physical performance, irrigation cooperatives in enterprise and social performance and WUAs in institutional and investment performance. The general management performance index revealed that the most successful WUOs in the Konya closed basin were WUAs. Therefore, proposals have been put forward to begin institutionalization processes in other institutions to attain the successful institutionalization in WUAs. Additionally, the shift towards prepaid systems is recommended to mitigate collection problems, while water should be priced according to the full cost method. Finally, supporting the use of alternative energy sources for irrigation is crucial.

Since the late 1990s, the irrigation quota in Xinjiang, northwestern China has witnessed a decline, owing to the widespread adoption of highly efficient water-saving irrigation technologies. This phenomenon prompts the question: has there been a corresponding impact on potential evaporation? To explore changes in potential evaporation resulting from irrigation advances, we conducted a comprehensive analysis spanning the years 1978–2017 in Xinjiang. Our investigation focused on a pairwise examination of agricultural stations with substantial irrigation effects, enveloped by a substantial proportion of cultivated land, and reference stations with negligible irrigation effects, surrounded by a comparatively smaller proportion of cultivated land. The findings unveiled a noteworthy reduction in potential evaporation at agricultural stations during the period 1978–1997. However, a contrasting trend emerged in the subsequent period of 1998–2017, wherein there was a significant increase in potential evaporation. In contrast, reference stations did not exhibit statistically significant reversals in potential evaporation. The observed changes in potential evaporation at agricultural stations were primarily attributed to shifts in aerodynamic components. These changes were closely associated with the reversed changes in irrigation intensity, a consequence of the widespread adoption of water-saving irrigation practices since 1998.