Pub Date : 2016-04-25DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000318
Sean Williams, N. Venkateswaran, Travis Del Bonis O’Donnell, Pete Crisalli, S. Helmy, M. Napoli, S. Pennathur
Microfluidics-based separation of biomolecules has numerous applications, including fundamental characterization of biomolecules, sequencing of genomes for biological functions, biometric fingerprinting, and identification of pathogens and genetic diseases. One of the main drawbacks, however, for making microfluidic based separations more commercially viable is the non-specific adsorption of biomolecules at the channel walls during separations. Herein, we compare five commonly employed surface coatings, and evaluate their performance in terms of successful silanization of channel surface walls, long term stability, and antifouling performance, using BSA or IgG as model proteins. We compare adsorption of fluorescently-tagged proteins on glass slides with those confined within channels, showing similar behavior with static measurements, but differences when incorporating electrokinetic flow. Based on these data, we find that MPEG is an effective surface coating for applications where long term stability is critical. However, for separation experiments, where the channel is used shortly after coating, a silanized zwitterionic sultone has superior anti-fouling characteristics.
{"title":"Assessing Stability, Durability, and Protein Adsorption Behavior ofHydrophilic Silane Coatings in Glass Microchannels","authors":"Sean Williams, N. Venkateswaran, Travis Del Bonis O’Donnell, Pete Crisalli, S. Helmy, M. Napoli, S. Pennathur","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000318","url":null,"abstract":"Microfluidics-based separation of biomolecules has numerous applications, including fundamental characterization of biomolecules, sequencing of genomes for biological functions, biometric fingerprinting, and identification of pathogens and genetic diseases. One of the main drawbacks, however, for making microfluidic based separations more commercially viable is the non-specific adsorption of biomolecules at the channel walls during separations. Herein, we compare five commonly employed surface coatings, and evaluate their performance in terms of successful silanization of channel surface walls, long term stability, and antifouling performance, using BSA or IgG as model proteins. We compare adsorption of fluorescently-tagged proteins on glass slides with those confined within channels, showing similar behavior with static measurements, but differences when incorporating electrokinetic flow. Based on these data, we find that MPEG is an effective surface coating for applications where long term stability is critical. However, for separation experiments, where the channel is used shortly after coating, a silanized zwitterionic sultone has superior anti-fouling characteristics.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82450313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-21DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000315
Elizabeth Baca-Solis, M. Flores‐Álamo, D. Ramírez-Rosales, R. Zamorano-ulloa, S. Hernández‐Anzaldo, Y. Reyes-Ortega
Synthesis, structural, electronic, and magnetic characterization of two [CuII 2(thb)] (thb = N,N,N’,N’- tetrakis-{3-[(2- hydroxibenzyliden)-amine]propyl}-1,4-butanodiamine)]) crystalline phases (1a and 1b) are reported. Both, 1a and 1b, showed free radical scavenging activity, which was quantified by the DPPH free radical scavenging activity assay. 1b crystallized in a P21/c space group. In 1b each molecule contains two CuII-(hidroxibenzyliden) groups bonded in the extremes of the organic DAB-Am nucleus. The CuII-(hidroxibenzyliden) groups of each extreme, form 1D chains along of the b-axis. IR and UV-Vis spectra showed d-d transitions and νCu-O, νCu-N vibrations respectively, confirming the formation of the compound. 1H-NMR spectra of 1a and 1b showed similar spectra, being characteristics of paramagnetic compounds. Bulk magnetization of 1a and 1b from 2 K to 300 K showed paramagnetic behaviour. The best fit for the susceptibility data was obtained using Curie-Weiss and modified Curie-Weiss equations with θ and C values of θ1a/1b C-W = 0 ± 1K, C1a/1b C-W = 0.82/0.66 cm3 K mol-1, and θ1a/1b modified C-W = 0.6 ± 1K and C1a/1b modified C-W = 0.80/0.70 cm3 K mol-1. The X-band ESR spectra of 1a and 1b in solid samples showed a single and a rhombic signals, respectively, with g values around 2.1 at 77 K and 300 K, however, in CH2Cl2 solutions at 77 K the spectra were similar. The spectroscopic and magnetic results allowed us to conclude that 1a and 1b are two different crystalline phases which were proven to act as effective antioxidants showing both an IC50 = 16.5 μM, in contrast with Trolox, IC50 = 39.3 μM, normally used as a vitamin E analog and a strong antioxidant. Additionaly the DPPH free radical is scavened by reduction mechanism of CuII to CuI. The overall electronic, magnetic and structural information about 1a and 1b provide us some characteristics of this kind of transitional metal ionic coordination compounds.
报道了两种[CuII 2(thb)] (thb = N,N,N '，N ' -四基-{3-[(2-羟基苄基)-胺]丙基}-1,4-丁二胺)(1a和1b)晶相的合成、结构、电子和磁性表征。1a和1b都显示出自由基清除活性，这是通过DPPH自由基清除活性测定来量化的。1b在P21/c空间群中结晶。在1b中，每个分子含有两个CuII-(hidroxibenzyliden)基团，它们在有机DAB-Am核的极端处结合。每个极端的CuII-(hidroxibenzyliden)基团沿b轴形成1D链。红外光谱和紫外可见光谱分别显示d-d跃迁和νCu-O， νCu-N振动，证实了化合物的形成。1a和1b的1H-NMR谱显示出相似的谱线，是顺磁性化合物的特征。在2 ~ 300 K范围内，1a和1b的体磁化表现为顺磁性。采用居里-魏斯方程和修正的居里-魏斯方程，θ、C值分别为:θ1a/1b C- w = 0±1K, C1a/1b C- w = 0.82/0.66 cm3 K mol-1， θ1a/1b修正的C- w = 0.6±1K, C1a/1b修正的C- w = 0.80/0.70 cm3 K mol-1。固体样品中1a和1b的x波段ESR分别表现为单信号和菱形信号，在77 K和300 K时g值约为2.1，而在77 K的CH2Cl2溶液中光谱相似。光谱和磁性结果表明，1a和1b是两种不同的晶相，它们被证明是有效的抗氧化剂，IC50均为16.5 μM，而Trolox的IC50为39.3 μM，通常用作维生素E类似物和强抗氧化剂。此外，DPPH自由基被CuII还原为CuI的机制清除。1a和1b的整体电子、磁性和结构信息为我们提供了这类过渡金属离子配位化合物的一些特征。
{"title":"DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Activity, and their Synthetic, Structural, Electronic and Magnetic Studies of Two [CuII2(thb)] Compounds, (thb= N,N,Nô,Nô-tetrakis-{3-[(2-hydroxibenzyliden)-amine]propyl}-1,4-butanodiamine)]","authors":"Elizabeth Baca-Solis, M. Flores‐Álamo, D. Ramírez-Rosales, R. Zamorano-ulloa, S. Hernández‐Anzaldo, Y. Reyes-Ortega","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000315","url":null,"abstract":"Synthesis, structural, electronic, and magnetic characterization of two [CuII 2(thb)] (thb = N,N,N’,N’- tetrakis-{3-[(2- hydroxibenzyliden)-amine]propyl}-1,4-butanodiamine)]) crystalline phases (1a and 1b) are reported. Both, 1a and 1b, showed free radical scavenging activity, which was quantified by the DPPH free radical scavenging activity assay. 1b crystallized in a P21/c space group. In 1b each molecule contains two CuII-(hidroxibenzyliden) groups bonded in the extremes of the organic DAB-Am nucleus. The CuII-(hidroxibenzyliden) groups of each extreme, form 1D chains along of the b-axis. IR and UV-Vis spectra showed d-d transitions and νCu-O, νCu-N vibrations respectively, confirming the formation of the compound. 1H-NMR spectra of 1a and 1b showed similar spectra, being characteristics of paramagnetic compounds. Bulk magnetization of 1a and 1b from 2 K to 300 K showed paramagnetic behaviour. The best fit for the susceptibility data was obtained using Curie-Weiss and modified Curie-Weiss equations with θ and C values of θ1a/1b C-W = 0 ± 1K, C1a/1b C-W = 0.82/0.66 cm3 K mol-1, and θ1a/1b modified C-W = 0.6 ± 1K and C1a/1b modified C-W = 0.80/0.70 cm3 K mol-1. The X-band ESR spectra of 1a and 1b in solid samples showed a single and a rhombic signals, respectively, with g values around 2.1 at 77 K and 300 K, however, in CH2Cl2 solutions at 77 K the spectra were similar. The spectroscopic and magnetic results allowed us to conclude that 1a and 1b are two different crystalline phases which were proven to act as effective antioxidants showing both an IC50 = 16.5 μM, in contrast with Trolox, IC50 = 39.3 μM, normally used as a vitamin E analog and a strong antioxidant. Additionaly the DPPH free radical is scavened by reduction mechanism of CuII to CuI. The overall electronic, magnetic and structural information about 1a and 1b provide us some characteristics of this kind of transitional metal ionic coordination compounds.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75075982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-09DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000317
B. Guezzen, M. Didi
D2EHP-] and 1-methyl-imidazolium di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate [MIm+][D2EHP-] were synthesized and tested as extractants in the batch removal of mercury (II) from aqueous solution. The influence of contact time, aqueous to organic phase’s volume ratio, initial concentration of Hg (II), IL concentration, pH levels, ionic strength, and temperature was evaluated. The extraction equilibrium was established in 30 min for [MIm+][D2EHP-] and in 15 min for [BIm+][D2EHP-]. The maximum mercury extraction was obtained at pH 5.81. For the extraction of mercury, [([MIm+] [D2EHP-])5 (HgCl2)]org, [([MIm+][D2EHP-])5 (HgClOH)]org, [([BIm+][D2EHP-])3/2 (HgCl2)]org and [([BIm+][D2EHP-])3/2 (HgClOH)]org species were formed. Regarding the ionic strength for [MIm+][D2EHP-], the results show a significant improvement of the mercury extraction yield (100%) upon the addition of sodium acetate to the aqueous phase in a Na+/Hg2+ mass ratio ranging from 0.1 to 2.0. The relationship between the percentages of the extracted species and the extraction yield was established by calculations using CHEAQS V. L20.1 software. The results revealed a decrease in the extraction yield of Hg (II) with decreasing proportions of HgCl2aq from 65.15 to 40.31% and of HgClOHaq from 31.31 to 0.1%, when NaCl was added. The very important optimal sorption capacities for ([BIm+][D2EHP-]) and ([MIm+][D2EHP]) were 58.39 mg/g and 93.23 mg/g respectively. With a longer alkyl chain on the imidazolinic ring, the decreasing of extraction yield was observed.
{"title":"Removal and Analysis of Mercury (II) From Aqueous Solution by Ionic Liquids","authors":"B. Guezzen, M. Didi","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000317","url":null,"abstract":"D2EHP-] and 1-methyl-imidazolium di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate [MIm+][D2EHP-] were synthesized and tested as extractants in the batch removal of mercury (II) from aqueous solution. The influence of contact time, aqueous to organic phase’s volume ratio, initial concentration of Hg (II), IL concentration, pH levels, ionic strength, and temperature was evaluated. The extraction equilibrium was established in 30 min for [MIm+][D2EHP-] and in 15 min for [BIm+][D2EHP-]. The maximum mercury extraction was obtained at pH 5.81. For the extraction of mercury, [([MIm+] [D2EHP-])5 (HgCl2)]org, [([MIm+][D2EHP-])5 (HgClOH)]org, [([BIm+][D2EHP-])3/2 (HgCl2)]org and [([BIm+][D2EHP-])3/2 (HgClOH)]org species were formed. Regarding the ionic strength for [MIm+][D2EHP-], the results show a significant improvement of the mercury extraction yield (100%) upon the addition of sodium acetate to the aqueous phase in a Na+/Hg2+ mass ratio ranging from 0.1 to 2.0. The relationship between the percentages of the extracted species and the extraction yield was established by calculations using CHEAQS V. L20.1 software. The results revealed a decrease in the extraction yield of Hg (II) with decreasing proportions of HgCl2aq from 65.15 to 40.31% and of HgClOHaq from 31.31 to 0.1%, when NaCl was added. The very important optimal sorption capacities for ([BIm+][D2EHP-]) and ([MIm+][D2EHP]) were 58.39 mg/g and 93.23 mg/g respectively. With a longer alkyl chain on the imidazolinic ring, the decreasing of extraction yield was observed.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78185805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-08DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000316
Mannem Durga Babu, Surendra Babu, M. Kishore
Selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode mass selective detection was developed and validated for the trace analysis of an impurity, methane sulfonyl chloride as an impurity in Itraconazole (ICR) active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The analytical method validation is essential for analytical method development and tested extensively for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, range, detection limit, quantization limit, and robustness. Accurate and precise quantitation of the impurity in drug substance was achieved with external standardization. In this research work, we present a summary of the method development and validation work performed on Methane sulfonyl chloride (MSC) in Itraconazole API by GC/MS-SIM technique. In the method development phase, the analytical procedure that is appropriate for the quantitative analysis of the MSC in ICR at ppm level was established and evaluated.
{"title":"Development and Validation of a GC-MS with SIM Method for the Determination of Trace Levels of Methane Sulfonyl Chloride as an Impurity in Itraconazole API","authors":"Mannem Durga Babu, Surendra Babu, M. Kishore","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000316","url":null,"abstract":"Selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode mass selective detection was developed and validated for the trace analysis of an impurity, methane sulfonyl chloride as an impurity in Itraconazole (ICR) active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The analytical method validation is essential for analytical method development and tested extensively for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, range, detection limit, quantization limit, and robustness. Accurate and precise quantitation of the impurity in drug substance was achieved with external standardization. In this research work, we present a summary of the method development and validation work performed on Methane sulfonyl chloride (MSC) in Itraconazole API by GC/MS-SIM technique. In the method development phase, the analytical procedure that is appropriate for the quantitative analysis of the MSC in ICR at ppm level was established and evaluated.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85013229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-30DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000314
Poonam Vats, S. Verma, T. Monif
In this research work we have tried to emphasis that the synergistic approach is required wherein during method development sample processing and instrument i.e., mass spectrometershall be evaluated in synchronized manner to get the best possible combination of processing technique and instrument model to get a method with no or minimal matrix effect. To perform this research work polar molecule niacin is considered as a model drug to evaluate the synergistic approach. Plasma was treated with three different conventional sample preparation procedures (PPT, LLE and SPE) and samples processed with the three methodology were then analyzed on three different instrument models of AB Sciex i.e., API-3000, API-3200, API-4000. Except for type of sample processing technique and instrument model, rest of the parameters like aliquot volume, internal standard working solution volume and chromatographic conditions were kept constant to avoid contribution of these factors due to these variables. Samples were analyzed using Inertsil® CN-3 as an analytical column and mobile phase consist of acetonitrile - solution-1(0.002% formic acid in water, v/v) in the ratio of 70:30, v/v. Result evidently showed that matrix effect was minimized through SPE technique over LLE technique and behavior of the co-elute matrix also changed significantly with ion-source design of the mass spectrometer. Consequently, the development result clearly showed that matrix effect was nullified by samples prepared by SPE technique and analyzed on API-3000. Results obtained from API- 3000 and API-4000 models were also comparable in terms of matrix effect. API-3000 in combination with solid phase extraction procedure was selected to further validate the method as API-4000 showed charge competition of internal standard. Overall, the results indicate that extraction procedure plays a crucial role to control matrix effect but to get the best result LC have to be coupled with mass spectrometer with proper ion source.
{"title":"Mechanistic Evaluation of Matrix Effect on Three Different Model of Mass Spectrometer by Using a Model Drug","authors":"Poonam Vats, S. Verma, T. Monif","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000314","url":null,"abstract":"In this research work we have tried to emphasis that the synergistic approach is required wherein during method development sample processing and instrument i.e., mass spectrometershall be evaluated in synchronized manner to get the best possible combination of processing technique and instrument model to get a method with no or minimal matrix effect. To perform this research work polar molecule niacin is considered as a model drug to evaluate the synergistic approach. Plasma was treated with three different conventional sample preparation procedures (PPT, LLE and SPE) and samples processed with the three methodology were then analyzed on three different instrument models of AB Sciex i.e., API-3000, API-3200, API-4000. Except for type of sample processing technique and instrument model, rest of the parameters like aliquot volume, internal standard working solution volume and chromatographic conditions were kept constant to avoid contribution of these factors due to these variables. Samples were analyzed using Inertsil® CN-3 as an analytical column and mobile phase consist of acetonitrile - solution-1(0.002% formic acid in water, v/v) in the ratio of 70:30, v/v. Result evidently showed that matrix effect was minimized through SPE technique over LLE technique and behavior of the co-elute matrix also changed significantly with ion-source design of the mass spectrometer. Consequently, the development result clearly showed that matrix effect was nullified by samples prepared by SPE technique and analyzed on API-3000. Results obtained from API- 3000 and API-4000 models were also comparable in terms of matrix effect. API-3000 in combination with solid phase extraction procedure was selected to further validate the method as API-4000 showed charge competition of internal standard. Overall, the results indicate that extraction procedure plays a crucial role to control matrix effect but to get the best result LC have to be coupled with mass spectrometer with proper ion source.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79972181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-28DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000310
E. Rossignol, J. Sorrieul, H. Beaussart, H. Kieffer, C. Folliard, D. Dupoiron, C. Devys
Pain is often considered as the most feared symptom amongst individuals living with cancer. It can arrive at any stage during the course of the illness. In 15% to 20% of patients, conventional analgesic therapy either fails to relieve pain or induces adverse effects. Use of analgesic admixture has been recommended by the most recent consensus conferences. Several studies found evidence of synergistic effects of intrathecal analgesic admixtures, most notably these containing ziconotide, morphine and ropivacaine, administering by a fully implantable pumps. The refills were prepared under a laminar airflow hood under strictly aseptic conditions, by the hospital pharmacist. This group of drugs that commonly used can be at the origin of errors inducing adverse effects in patients. In order to evaluate the accuracy of compounding of intrathecal admixtures, a new analytical method by simple liquid chromatographyultraviolet spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of three analgesic drugs (morphine, ropivacaine and ziconotide). The method was validated according to the recommendation of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The method was linear, between 0.1 to 4 μg/ml for ziconotide, 0.1 to 10 mg/ ml for ropivacaine and 0.1 to 32 mg/ml for morphine. Forced degradation of ziconotide by acidic conditions allowed formation and detection of degradation products by the analytical method. This method can be considered as a stability indicating method. It is also part of a continuing quality process designed to improve accuracy of preparation.
{"title":"Validation Study of UPLC Method for Determination of Morphine, Ropivacaïne and Ziconotide in Combination for Intrathecal Analgesia","authors":"E. Rossignol, J. Sorrieul, H. Beaussart, H. Kieffer, C. Folliard, D. Dupoiron, C. Devys","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000310","url":null,"abstract":"Pain is often considered as the most feared symptom amongst individuals living with cancer. It can arrive at any stage during the course of the illness. In 15% to 20% of patients, conventional analgesic therapy either fails to relieve pain or induces adverse effects. Use of analgesic admixture has been recommended by the most recent consensus conferences. Several studies found evidence of synergistic effects of intrathecal analgesic admixtures, most notably these containing ziconotide, morphine and ropivacaine, administering by a fully implantable pumps. The refills were prepared under a laminar airflow hood under strictly aseptic conditions, by the hospital pharmacist. This group of drugs that commonly used can be at the origin of errors inducing adverse effects in patients. In order to evaluate the accuracy of compounding of intrathecal admixtures, a new analytical method by simple liquid chromatographyultraviolet spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of three analgesic drugs (morphine, ropivacaine and ziconotide). The method was validated according to the recommendation of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The method was linear, between 0.1 to 4 μg/ml for ziconotide, 0.1 to 10 mg/ ml for ropivacaine and 0.1 to 32 mg/ml for morphine. Forced degradation of ziconotide by acidic conditions allowed formation and detection of degradation products by the analytical method. This method can be considered as a stability indicating method. It is also part of a continuing quality process designed to improve accuracy of preparation.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82467149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-25DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000311
E. Tamburini, Christian Fabricio Larenas Uria, Giovanni Dedenaro, Stefania Costa, M. G. Marchetti, P. Pedrini
Delignificant pretreatments are fundamental in lignocellulosic materials preprocessing to remove lignin from biomass. Current wet chemical methods are time-consuming, labor-intensive and use hazardous reagents. Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) provides rapid and non-destructive analysis, and has shown promising results. Spectra collection (8000-4000 cm-1), combined with chemometric analysis based on Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis, has allowed to perform qualitative study of banana rachis, a lignocellulosic residue of agricultural production.
{"title":"Potential of Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Classification of Different Delignificant Pre-Treatments on Banana Rachis","authors":"E. Tamburini, Christian Fabricio Larenas Uria, Giovanni Dedenaro, Stefania Costa, M. G. Marchetti, P. Pedrini","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000311","url":null,"abstract":"Delignificant pretreatments are fundamental in lignocellulosic materials preprocessing to remove lignin from biomass. Current wet chemical methods are time-consuming, labor-intensive and use hazardous reagents. Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) provides rapid and non-destructive analysis, and has shown promising results. Spectra collection (8000-4000 cm-1), combined with chemometric analysis based on Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis, has allowed to perform qualitative study of banana rachis, a lignocellulosic residue of agricultural production.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82311097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-12DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000309
C. C. Silva, M. C. Lima, J. Gai, R. Medeiros, G. Vieira, V. F. V. Júnior
Latex from Brosimum species has several indications in folk medicine and is also largely ingested at the Amazon Region with food purposes, to replace cow’s milk and as base for chewing gum. The presence of inorganic substances with potential to be irritating or toxic were analysed by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence multielement technique for the three main latex producing species: Brosimum potabile, Brosimum utile subsp ovatifolium and Brosimum parinarioides subsp parinarioides. From 26 elements detected, including toxic metals as chromium and manganese, nine elements were quantified: Na, Mg, Al, P, Cl, K, Ca, Se and Rb. They reflect some specific patterns from Amazonian soil and are species fingerprint. Some elements, as calcium, essential to the human diet, were observed in large amounts, but with great variation among species, as also within species. The inter and intraspecies variation on the essential elements and the presence of toxic metals, indicates that the use as food should not be recommended and the regulation and control is strongly suggested.
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Pub Date : 2016-03-10DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000306
N. Stensson, N. Ghafouri, Håkan Träff, C. D. Anderson, B. Gerdle, B. Ghafouri
Endocannabinoids and related N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are lipid mediators involved in a number of physiological and pathological mechanisms in peripheral tissues. Microdialysis (MD) technique all ...
{"title":"Identification of Lipid Mediators in Peripheral Human Tissues Using an Integrative In Vivo Microdialysis Approach","authors":"N. Stensson, N. Ghafouri, Håkan Träff, C. D. Anderson, B. Gerdle, B. Ghafouri","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000306","url":null,"abstract":"Endocannabinoids and related N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are lipid mediators involved in a number of physiological and pathological mechanisms in peripheral tissues. Microdialysis (MD) technique all ...","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77438969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-10DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000307
A. M. Gil, María Amparo Martínez Gómez, E. Colomer, B. P. Oltra, M. Martí
The use of a combination of 5HT3 receptor antagonist, a NK-1 receptor antagonist and dexamethasone has been classified to be state of the art in patients receiving highly as well as moderately emetogenic chemotherapy like cisplatin and anthracyclines. The administration of the ad-hoc admixture of fosaprepitant, dexamethasone and ondansetron (FDO) or granisetron (FDG) in the same IV infusion solution will improve the management of ambulatory procedures related to reducing administration time and number of administered intravenous preparations. All this would improve patient safety and comfort. In order to guarantee security of patients and efficacy of treatment, information about physico-chemical stability of both ternary mixtures at concentrations used in routine clinical practice and at different conditions of storage is needed. In this study, physico-chemical stability of ternary mixtures of fosaprepitant (150 mg), dexamethasone (8 mg) and ondansetron (8 mg) or granisetron (3 mg) in 50,100 and 250 ml of 0.9 g/dl NaCl at room temperature/refrigerated and protective from/exposed to light has been evaluated. An HPLC method has been developed and validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines to evaluate chemical stability of drugs in mixtures simultaneously. Physical stability study has been carried out by visual inspection, pH measure and gravimetry to control evaporation. The results shown in this paper represent the first evidence of the physico-chemical stability of both ternary mixtures used in clinical practice at different conditions of storage. The ternary mixtures of FDG in 100 and 250 ml of 0.9 g/dl NaCl are physico-chemical stable for 15 days at room temperature and refrigerated and exposed to and protected from light; mixtures in 50 ml are physico-chemical stable for 6 days. The ternary mixtures of FDO in 50, 100 and 250 ml of 0.9 g/dl NaCl are physico-chemical stable for 15 days at both conditions of temperature and light.
5HT3受体拮抗剂、NK-1受体拮抗剂和地塞米松的联合使用已被归类为接受高度和中度致呕吐性化疗(如顺铂和蒽环类药物)的患者的最新技术。在相同的静脉输注溶液中使用fosaprepitant，地塞米松和昂丹司琼(FDO)或格拉司琼(FDG)的特殊混合物，将改善与减少给药时间和静脉制剂给药次数相关的门诊程序管理。所有这些都将提高患者的安全性和舒适度。为了保证患者的安全和治疗效果，需要了解这两种三元混合物在常规临床使用浓度和不同储存条件下的物理化学稳定性。在这项研究中，评估了氟萨吡坦(150毫克)、地塞米松(8毫克)和昂丹司琼(8毫克)或格兰司琼(3毫克)在50,100和250毫升0.9 g/dl NaCl中室温/冷藏和避光/暴露的理化稳定性。根据国际协调会议的指导方针，建立并验证了一种高效液相色谱法同时评价混合药物的化学稳定性。通过目测、pH测定和重量测定等方法对其进行了物理稳定性研究，以控制蒸发。本文所显示的结果是临床实践中在不同储存条件下使用的这两种三元混合物的物理化学稳定性的第一个证据。FDG在100和250 ml 0.9 g/dl NaCl中的三元混合物在室温、冷藏、避光条件下可保持15天的物理化学稳定性;50ml的混合物在6天内物理化学稳定。FDO在50、100和250 ml 0.9 g/dl NaCl中的三元混合物在温度和光照条件下均具有15 d的物理化学稳定性。
{"title":"Stability Studies of Ternary Mixtures Containing Fosaprepitant,Dexamethasone, Ondansetron and Granisetron Used in Clinical Practice","authors":"A. M. Gil, María Amparo Martínez Gómez, E. Colomer, B. P. Oltra, M. Martí","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000307","url":null,"abstract":"The use of a combination of 5HT3 receptor antagonist, a NK-1 receptor antagonist and dexamethasone has been classified to be state of the art in patients receiving highly as well as moderately emetogenic chemotherapy like cisplatin and anthracyclines. The administration of the ad-hoc admixture of fosaprepitant, dexamethasone and ondansetron (FDO) or granisetron (FDG) in the same IV infusion solution will improve the management of ambulatory procedures related to reducing administration time and number of administered intravenous preparations. All this would improve patient safety and comfort. In order to guarantee security of patients and efficacy of treatment, information about physico-chemical stability of both ternary mixtures at concentrations used in routine clinical practice and at different conditions of storage is needed. In this study, physico-chemical stability of ternary mixtures of fosaprepitant (150 mg), dexamethasone (8 mg) and ondansetron (8 mg) or granisetron (3 mg) in 50,100 and 250 ml of 0.9 g/dl NaCl at room temperature/refrigerated and protective from/exposed to light has been evaluated. An HPLC method has been developed and validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines to evaluate chemical stability of drugs in mixtures simultaneously. Physical stability study has been carried out by visual inspection, pH measure and gravimetry to control evaporation. The results shown in this paper represent the first evidence of the physico-chemical stability of both ternary mixtures used in clinical practice at different conditions of storage. The ternary mixtures of FDG in 100 and 250 ml of 0.9 g/dl NaCl are physico-chemical stable for 15 days at room temperature and refrigerated and exposed to and protected from light; mixtures in 50 ml are physico-chemical stable for 6 days. The ternary mixtures of FDO in 50, 100 and 250 ml of 0.9 g/dl NaCl are physico-chemical stable for 15 days at both conditions of temperature and light.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76827087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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