Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000389
Rathore Dps
Comments on the application of visible absorption spectroscopy to the analysis of uranium in aqueous solutions are presented. This manuscript is lacking in update of literature survey on the analysis of uranium in aqueous solutions in concentrates. There is nothing new innovation contained in this publication. An update on a comparative analytical performance of their proposed application of visible absorption spectroscopy to the analysis of uranium in aqueous solutions in concentrates with those other reported analytical methods will give a better understanding of the developed analytical protocol. Application of Differential technique in spectrophotometry (DTspectrophotometry) /laser-/LED-induced fluorimetry (DT-LIF/DT-LED-LIF)/ICP-OES (DT-ICP-OES) has inherent high metrological quality and warrants its introduction as a relative reference measurement procedure.
{"title":"Comments on: The Application of Visible Absorption Spectroscopy to the Analysis of Uranium in Aqueous Solutions","authors":"Rathore Dps","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000389","url":null,"abstract":"Comments on the application of visible absorption spectroscopy to the analysis of uranium in aqueous solutions are presented. This manuscript is lacking in update of literature survey on the analysis of uranium in aqueous solutions in concentrates. There is nothing new innovation contained in this publication. An update on a comparative analytical performance of their proposed application of visible absorption spectroscopy to the analysis of uranium in aqueous solutions in concentrates with those other reported analytical methods will give a better understanding of the developed analytical protocol. Application of Differential technique in spectrophotometry (DTspectrophotometry) /laser-/LED-induced fluorimetry (DT-LIF/DT-LED-LIF)/ICP-OES (DT-ICP-OES) has inherent high metrological quality and warrants its introduction as a relative reference measurement procedure.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82415134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000379
T. Behailu, T. S. Badessa, B. Tewodros
To improve water quality, there should be a mechanism of keeping safe water source from chemical contaminants in an effective and protective way through the application of regular check up and with interventions by taking exact measure periodically before it is supplied for usage. The intention of this research work is to determine the level of common cations, anions, heavy metals and physical parameters in drinking water supply system in konso and its surrounding area, Southwestern of Ethiopia. Water samples were collected from 23 different locations in the area where there is hand pump or motorized supply system that are used for drinking purpose. Collected samples were analyzed for physicochemical parameters including total alkalinity, Temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total dissolved solids, Turbidity, Alkalinity, Total hardness and Total suspended solid. Common cations (Li+, K+, Na+,Ca2+ and Mg2+), Common anions (NO3−, SO42−, PO42−, F− and Cl−) and Heavy metals (Pd, Ni, Mn, Pb, Co, Zn, Cu) were analyzed. The obtained results were compared with some national and international standards or guidelines for drinking water. Accordingly, the results obtained show that most of the physical and some common ions and heavy metals were within the accepted range of the guideline recommended by WHO. In addition to this, some parameters are at alarming state as compared to the WHO standards for drinking purposes, thereby suggesting the need for treatment and precautionary measures for use of the particular ground water.
{"title":"Analysis of Physical and Chemical Parameters in Ground Water Used for Drinking around Konso Area, Southwestern Ethiopia","authors":"T. Behailu, T. S. Badessa, B. Tewodros","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000379","url":null,"abstract":"To improve water quality, there should be a mechanism of keeping safe water source from chemical contaminants in an effective and protective way through the application of regular check up and with interventions by taking exact measure periodically before it is supplied for usage. The intention of this research work is to determine the level of common cations, anions, heavy metals and physical parameters in drinking water supply system in konso and its surrounding area, Southwestern of Ethiopia. Water samples were collected from 23 different locations in the area where there is hand pump or motorized supply system that are used for drinking purpose. Collected samples were analyzed for physicochemical parameters including total alkalinity, Temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total dissolved solids, Turbidity, Alkalinity, Total hardness and Total suspended solid. Common cations (Li+, K+, Na+,Ca2+ and Mg2+), Common anions (NO3−, SO42−, PO42−, F− and Cl−) and Heavy metals (Pd, Ni, Mn, Pb, Co, Zn, Cu) were analyzed. The obtained results were compared with some national and international standards or guidelines for drinking water. Accordingly, the results obtained show that most of the physical and some common ions and heavy metals were within the accepted range of the guideline recommended by WHO. In addition to this, some parameters are at alarming state as compared to the WHO standards for drinking purposes, thereby suggesting the need for treatment and precautionary measures for use of the particular ground water.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84181427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000388
Tsubasa Sato, M. Yoshizawa‐Fujita, Y. Takeoka, M. Rikukawa
Trimethylphosphonium-substituted polyfluorenes (PTMPHFs) with controlled molecular weights were synthesized using the Kumada catalyst-transfer polycondensation procedure, and their recognition properties towards various biomolecules were examined. Upon the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes with single stranded DNA (particularly polyadenine and polycytosine), the UV-vis absorption of PTMPHF was red-shifted and its fluo-rescence was quenched.
{"title":"Formation of Polyelectrolyte Complexes from Cationic Polyfluorenes and ssDNA","authors":"Tsubasa Sato, M. Yoshizawa‐Fujita, Y. Takeoka, M. Rikukawa","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000388","url":null,"abstract":"Trimethylphosphonium-substituted polyfluorenes (PTMPHFs) with controlled molecular weights were synthesized using the Kumada catalyst-transfer polycondensation procedure, and their recognition properties towards various biomolecules were examined. Upon the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes with single stranded DNA (particularly polyadenine and polycytosine), the UV-vis absorption of PTMPHF was red-shifted and its fluo-rescence was quenched.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77205761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000378
Atsuko Konishi, S. Takegami, Shoko Akatani, Rie Takemoto, T. Kitade
For the development of a histamine (HIS) potentiometric sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), the effects of four functional monomers, namely acrylamide (AA), atropic acid (AT), methacrylic acid (MAA), and 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP), from which the MIP was synthesized, on the performance of the HIS sensor were examined by potentiometric and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic methods. The intermolecular interactions between HIS as a template molecule and a functional monomer were investigated based on the 1H NMR spectra of HIS in distilled water in the presence of each functional monomer. Changes to the chemical shift of each HIS proton indicated that HIS typically formed a HIS-functional monomer complex at a ratio of 1:1 via hydrogen bonding with AA, AT and MAA, and interacted with 4-VP between the imidazole ring and pyridine ring of 4-VP. The potential changes of the four HIS sensors were measured in 0.1×10-3 mol L-1 aqueous solution using Ag/ AgCl as a reference electrode; the order of the magnitudes of the changes was MAA>AA=4-VP>AT. The potential changes of three non-imprinted polymer-modified potentiometric sensors prepared without HIS were smaller than those of the corresponding HIS sensors, except in the case of AT. The potential response and selectivity of the HIS sensor using MAA were better than those of the other three HIS sensors. The 1H NMR spectroscopic and potentiometric results showed that the hydrogen bond between HIS and MAA strongly and effectively influenced the potential response of the HIS sensor.
{"title":"Potentiometric and 1H NMR Spectroscopic Studies of Functional Monomer Influence on Histamine-Imprinted Polymer-Modified Potentiometric Sensor Performance","authors":"Atsuko Konishi, S. Takegami, Shoko Akatani, Rie Takemoto, T. Kitade","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000378","url":null,"abstract":"For the development of a histamine (HIS) potentiometric sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), the effects of four functional monomers, namely acrylamide (AA), atropic acid (AT), methacrylic acid (MAA), and 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP), from which the MIP was synthesized, on the performance of the HIS sensor were examined by potentiometric and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic methods. The intermolecular interactions between HIS as a template molecule and a functional monomer were investigated based on the 1H NMR spectra of HIS in distilled water in the presence of each functional monomer. Changes to the chemical shift of each HIS proton indicated that HIS typically formed a HIS-functional monomer complex at a ratio of 1:1 via hydrogen bonding with AA, AT and MAA, and interacted with 4-VP between the imidazole ring and pyridine ring of 4-VP. The potential changes of the four HIS sensors were measured in 0.1×10-3 mol L-1 aqueous solution using Ag/ AgCl as a reference electrode; the order of the magnitudes of the changes was MAA>AA=4-VP>AT. The potential changes of three non-imprinted polymer-modified potentiometric sensors prepared without HIS were smaller than those of the corresponding HIS sensors, except in the case of AT. The potential response and selectivity of the HIS sensor using MAA were better than those of the other three HIS sensors. The 1H NMR spectroscopic and potentiometric results showed that the hydrogen bond between HIS and MAA strongly and effectively influenced the potential response of the HIS sensor.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":"106 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74342734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although breath acetone (BA) has been identified as a breath biomarker for some abnormal metabolic status, such as diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetes under insulin treatments, on a ketogenic diet, heart congestion failure, and post intense exercises, many intra-individual biological parameters also influence the breath acetone concentration. Therefore, it would be insightful to study longitudinal variations of breath acetone concentration in given individuals that have no baseline effect resulting from individual physiological heterogeneity. We carried out a daily-based continuous monitoring of BA, blood glucose (BG), and blood ketone (BK) in 20 type 1 diabetic (T1D) outpatients and 5 healthy volunteers over a period of 30 days. 600 breath samples from the T1D outpatients and the healthy subjects were collected and tested. BA was measured using a cavity ringdown BA analyzer. Simultaneous BG and BK levels were also measured using a standard BG/ketone meter. Our findings include: (1) The T1D subjects have elevated mean BA concentrations as compared to the controls. (2) There exists a positive correlation (R=0.57, P<0.05) between the individual mean BA concentration and the individual mean BK in the 20 T1D outpatients. (3) Some adverse or abnormal physiological conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis, low body mass index or a special daily activity (e.g., exercises) can be identified via an abnormal BA concentration. This study suggests that continuous monitoring BA is useful in monitoring some abnormal physiological status such as T1D outpatients with very high BG or ketone bodies.
{"title":"Continuous Monitoring of Breath Acetone, Blood Glucose and Blood Ketone in 20 Type 1 Diabetic Outpatients Over 30 Days","authors":"Meixiu Sun, Zhennan Wang, Yuan Yuan, Zhuying Chen, Xiaomeng Zhao, Yingxin Li, Chuji Wang","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000386","url":null,"abstract":"Although breath acetone (BA) has been identified as a breath biomarker for some abnormal metabolic status, such as diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetes under insulin treatments, on a ketogenic diet, heart congestion failure, and post intense exercises, many intra-individual biological parameters also influence the breath acetone concentration. Therefore, it would be insightful to study longitudinal variations of breath acetone concentration in given individuals that have no baseline effect resulting from individual physiological heterogeneity. We carried out a daily-based continuous monitoring of BA, blood glucose (BG), and blood ketone (BK) in 20 type 1 diabetic (T1D) outpatients and 5 healthy volunteers over a period of 30 days. 600 breath samples from the T1D outpatients and the healthy subjects were collected and tested. BA was measured using a cavity ringdown BA analyzer. Simultaneous BG and BK levels were also measured using a standard BG/ketone meter. Our findings include: (1) The T1D subjects have elevated mean BA concentrations as compared to the controls. (2) There exists a positive correlation (R=0.57, P<0.05) between the individual mean BA concentration and the individual mean BK in the 20 T1D outpatients. (3) Some adverse or abnormal physiological conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis, low body mass index or a special daily activity (e.g., exercises) can be identified via an abnormal BA concentration. This study suggests that continuous monitoring BA is useful in monitoring some abnormal physiological status such as T1D outpatients with very high BG or ketone bodies.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85554893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000383
Sifatullah Km, Pinar Gokmen, G. SemraTuncel
Seventeen Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) were evaluated in 14 surface sediment samples from a dam lake in Northwestern Turkey. As analytical tool GC-Mass system; HP (Hewlett Packard) 6890 series gas chromatograph coupled with HP 5973 mass spectrometer was used. The HP 5MS capillary column had 30 m length with 0.32 mm internal diameter. A 0.25 mm film thickness cross-linked with stationary phase of 5% Phenyl methyl siloxane and Ultra-pure Helium gas was used as mobile phase. Ultrasonic bath extraction method was applied and cleaned up process were carried up with anhydrous Na2SO4 and Florisil column. Total pesticides concentrations were ranged from=0.237-2.39 mg/kg for dry weA„±ght. Percent total organic carbon (TOC) were observed between 1 and 3%. Average total OCP concentrations was 58.00 ± 45.44 mg/kg. The total concentrations of OCPs in sediment samples ranged from 12.9 to 169.9 mg/kg, with a mean value of 58.00 mg/kg. Although organochlorine pesticides have been banned in Turkey still the residues can be seen in sediment samples indicating the use of prohibited pesticides in the country. Comparison of organochlorine pesticides concentrations in sediment samples with other lakes in Turkey implies the higher concentration therefore higher usage of synthetic chemicals.
{"title":"Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides in Sediments Using Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Sifatullah Km, Pinar Gokmen, G. SemraTuncel","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000383","url":null,"abstract":"Seventeen Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) were evaluated in 14 surface sediment samples from a dam lake in Northwestern Turkey. As analytical tool GC-Mass system; HP (Hewlett Packard) 6890 series gas chromatograph coupled with HP 5973 mass spectrometer was used. The HP 5MS capillary column had 30 m length with 0.32 mm internal diameter. A 0.25 mm film thickness cross-linked with stationary phase of 5% Phenyl methyl siloxane and Ultra-pure Helium gas was used as mobile phase. Ultrasonic bath extraction method was applied and cleaned up process were carried up with anhydrous Na2SO4 and Florisil column. Total pesticides concentrations were ranged from=0.237-2.39 mg/kg for dry weA„±ght. Percent total organic carbon (TOC) were observed between 1 and 3%. Average total OCP concentrations was 58.00 ± 45.44 mg/kg. The total concentrations of OCPs in sediment samples ranged from 12.9 to 169.9 mg/kg, with a mean value of 58.00 mg/kg. Although organochlorine pesticides have been banned in Turkey still the residues can be seen in sediment samples indicating the use of prohibited pesticides in the country. Comparison of organochlorine pesticides concentrations in sediment samples with other lakes in Turkey implies the higher concentration therefore higher usage of synthetic chemicals.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86858490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000361
S. Batool, M. Idrees
Biochar has recently become an attractive adsorbent for the removal of toxic metals from aqueous media. In this study, the adsorption efficiency of biochars derived from farmyard and poultry manure for the removal of Cu2+ from water was evaluated. The porosity, surface structure, internal morphology, thermal stability, and functional groups of the biochars were analysed using different analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetry, and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy. Kinetics and isotherm data were acquired in batch adsorption mode. The isotherm sorption data correlated well (R2 >0.98) with the Freundlich model describing multilayer orption of Cu2+ on heterogeneous biochars. The maximum Cu2+ sorption was estimated as 44.50 mg/g for farmyard manure-derived biochar and 43.68 mg/g for poultry manure-derived biochar. The sorption data fit the pseudo-second order kinetics equation best, indicating chemical interaction between Cu2+ and the negatively charged surface of biochar. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the reaction was exothermic and spontaneous. Post-adsorption analysis of the biochars by XPS suggested the formation of CuO and carbonate dihydroxide. The outcomes of the present study indicated that manure-derived biochars could be valuable green sorbents for removing Cu2+ from contaminated aqueous media.
{"title":"Adsorption of Copper (II) by Using Farmyard and Poultry Manure BiocharâÂÂs:Efficiency and Mechanism","authors":"S. Batool, M. Idrees","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000361","url":null,"abstract":"Biochar has recently become an attractive adsorbent for the removal of toxic metals from aqueous media. In this study, the adsorption efficiency of biochars derived from farmyard and poultry manure for the removal of Cu2+ from water was evaluated. The porosity, surface structure, internal morphology, thermal stability, and functional groups of the biochars were analysed using different analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetry, and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy. Kinetics and isotherm data were acquired in batch adsorption mode. The isotherm sorption data correlated well (R2 >0.98) with the Freundlich model describing multilayer orption of Cu2+ on heterogeneous biochars. The maximum Cu2+ sorption was estimated as 44.50 mg/g for farmyard manure-derived biochar and 43.68 mg/g for poultry manure-derived biochar. The sorption data fit the pseudo-second order kinetics equation best, indicating chemical interaction between Cu2+ and the negatively charged surface of biochar. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the reaction was exothermic and spontaneous. Post-adsorption analysis of the biochars by XPS suggested the formation of CuO and carbonate dihydroxide. The outcomes of the present study indicated that manure-derived biochars could be valuable green sorbents for removing Cu2+ from contaminated aqueous media.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79359483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-30DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000341
Arpan Chakraborty, A. Bhattacharjee, Nasim Sepay, Akshay Sodani, Dixita Jain, G. Mukhopadhyay
The present work has been undertaken with the aim to formulate hair growth gel formulation containing extracts of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flower 1%, Eclipta alba whole plant 1% and Solanum nigrum plant berries 0.5% which are preferably used in case of Alopecia, i.e., baldness pattern as an effective herbal therapy showing 5 α-reductase inhibitory activity. The formulated gel was evaluated for parameters such as pH which was found to be 6.68, viscosity 4731 cps, spreadability 11.05 (g-cm/sec) whereas consistent homogeneity was found with no skin irritation. Simultaneous quantification of bioactive markers was done by HPTLC. Quercetin, β-sitosterol and linoleic acid were selected as bioactive markers for quantification of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flower, Eclipta alba whole plant and Solanum nigrum plant berries extract respectively in the formulation. The aforementioned markers have 5 α-reductase inhibitory activity. β-sitosterol, quercetin and linoleic acid was found to be 0.1377, 0.120 and 0.379% w/w respectively in the formulated gel.
{"title":"Herbal Hair Gel Formulation having 5α-Reductase Inhibitory Activity and its Standardization by HPTLC","authors":"Arpan Chakraborty, A. Bhattacharjee, Nasim Sepay, Akshay Sodani, Dixita Jain, G. Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000341","url":null,"abstract":"The present work has been undertaken with the aim to formulate hair growth gel formulation containing extracts of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flower 1%, Eclipta alba whole plant 1% and Solanum nigrum plant berries 0.5% which are preferably used in case of Alopecia, i.e., baldness pattern as an effective herbal therapy showing 5 α-reductase inhibitory activity. The formulated gel was evaluated for parameters such as pH which was found to be 6.68, viscosity 4731 cps, spreadability 11.05 (g-cm/sec) whereas consistent homogeneity was found with no skin irritation. Simultaneous quantification of bioactive markers was done by HPTLC. Quercetin, β-sitosterol and linoleic acid were selected as bioactive markers for quantification of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flower, Eclipta alba whole plant and Solanum nigrum plant berries extract respectively in the formulation. The aforementioned markers have 5 α-reductase inhibitory activity. β-sitosterol, quercetin and linoleic acid was found to be 0.1377, 0.120 and 0.379% w/w respectively in the formulated gel.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89605099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-06DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000340
S. Latunde-Dada
Dynamic Light Scattering and Taylor Dispersion Analysis are two methods employed for the measurement of the diffusion coefficients and interaction parameters of solutes. For self-associating solutes, the interaction parameter provides a measure for the degree of association and hence the stability of the solutes. Due to the characteristics, peculiar to each method, the measured values are weighted averages and are therefore different from the intrinsic or unweighted values. In this paper, using a simple model for self-association, theoretical expressions for the DLS, TDA and intrinsic diffusion coefficients are derived for self-associating solutes. The corresponding interaction parameters are also derived and compared. As expected, at low concentrations, it was found that the DLS gives higher diffusion coefficients than TDA and vice versa at high concentrations. More interestingly, points of inflection were found in the DLS and TDA diffusion coefficient-concentration curves which imply the presence of minima in measured interaction parameters with the TDA minimum occurring at a lower concentration than for DLS. These are absent in the intrinsic curves. Furthermore, it was found that whilst the intrinsic interaction parameter tends to a non-zero value in the limit of low concentrations, the measured interaction parameters vanish. These trends are important for the interpretation of the results obtained from both measurement methods especially when compared to the intrinsic values. With the interaction parameter being increasingly used as a measure of stability, consideration of these expected trends could prove valuable for explaining experimental data measured at low concentrations. Furthermore, they could prove important when comparisons are made between results from the two measurements which are increasingly being used as orthogonal methods for protein analysis.
{"title":"Theoretical Comparisons of the Concentration-Dependent Diffusion Coefficients from Dynamic Light Scattering and Taylor Dispersion Analysis","authors":"S. Latunde-Dada","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000340","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic Light Scattering and Taylor Dispersion Analysis are two methods employed for the measurement of the \u0000 diffusion coefficients and interaction parameters of solutes. For self-associating solutes, the interaction parameter \u0000 provides a measure for the degree of association and hence the stability of the solutes. Due to the characteristics, \u0000 peculiar to each method, the measured values are weighted averages and are therefore different from the intrinsic or \u0000 unweighted values. In this paper, using a simple model for self-association, theoretical expressions for the DLS, TDA \u0000 and intrinsic diffusion coefficients are derived for self-associating solutes. The corresponding interaction parameters \u0000 are also derived and compared. As expected, at low concentrations, it was found that the DLS gives higher diffusion \u0000 coefficients than TDA and vice versa at high concentrations. More interestingly, points of inflection were found in the \u0000 DLS and TDA diffusion coefficient-concentration curves which imply the presence of minima in measured interaction \u0000 parameters with the TDA minimum occurring at a lower concentration than for DLS. These are absent in the intrinsic \u0000 curves. Furthermore, it was found that whilst the intrinsic interaction parameter tends to a non-zero value in the limit \u0000 of low concentrations, the measured interaction parameters vanish. These trends are important for the interpretation \u0000 of the results obtained from both measurement methods especially when compared to the intrinsic values. With the \u0000 interaction parameter being increasingly used as a measure of stability, consideration of these expected trends could \u0000 prove valuable for explaining experimental data measured at low concentrations. Furthermore, they could prove \u0000 important when comparisons are made between results from the two measurements which are increasingly being \u0000 used as orthogonal methods for protein analysis.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80636380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-21DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000339
M. Yasir, U. Sara, I. Som, Lubhan Singh
A simple and sensitive HPLC method was developed and validated for the study of in-vitro drug release from haloperidol loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). The method was also used for the analysis of drug for detection of shelf life of developed SLNs. Chromatogram separation was achieved using C18 column as stationary phase. The mobile phase consisted of 100 mM/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate–acetonitrile-TEA (10:90:0.1, v/v/v) and the pH was adjusted with o-phosphoric acid to 3.5. Flow rate of mobile phase was 2 ml/minute and eluents were monitored at 230 nm using UV/VIS detector. The method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, reproducibility, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). Linearity for haloperidol was in the range of 1-60 μg/mL. The value of LOD and LOQ was found to be 0.045 and 0.135 μg/ml respectively. The drug loaded SLNs showed sustained drug release with maximum value of 95.52 ± 5.21% in 24 h. The shelf life of SLNs formulation was found to be 2.31 years at 4°C.
{"title":"Development and Validation of a New HPLC Method for In-vitro Studies of Haloperidol in Solid Lipid Nanoparticles","authors":"M. Yasir, U. Sara, I. Som, Lubhan Singh","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000339","url":null,"abstract":"A simple and sensitive HPLC method was developed and validated for the study of in-vitro drug release from haloperidol loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). The method was also used for the analysis of drug for detection of shelf life of developed SLNs. Chromatogram separation was achieved using C18 column as stationary phase. The mobile phase consisted of 100 mM/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate–acetonitrile-TEA (10:90:0.1, v/v/v) and the pH was adjusted with o-phosphoric acid to 3.5. Flow rate of mobile phase was 2 ml/minute and eluents were monitored at 230 nm using UV/VIS detector. The method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, reproducibility, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). Linearity for haloperidol was in the range of 1-60 μg/mL. The value of LOD and LOQ was found to be 0.045 and 0.135 μg/ml respectively. The drug loaded SLNs showed sustained drug release with maximum value of 95.52 ± 5.21% in 24 h. The shelf life of SLNs formulation was found to be 2.31 years at 4°C.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75010756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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