Pub Date : 2017-03-27DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000356
A. M. Dar, Shafia Mir
Abstract Molecular docking is a kind of bioinformatic modelling which involves the interaction of two or more molecules to give the stable adduct. Depending upon binding properties of ligand and target, it predicts the three-dimensional structure of any complex. Molecular docking generates different possible adduct structures that are ranked and grouped together using scoring function in the software. Docking simulations predict optimized docked conformer based upon total energy of the system. In spite of all potential approaches, ligand chemistry (tautomerism and ionization), receptor flexibility (single conformation of rigid receptor) and scoring function (differentiate true binding mode) still remained the challenge. Many important aspects of molecular docking in terms of its approaches, types, applications and challenges are briefly discussed in this article.
{"title":"Molecular Docking: Approaches, Types, Applications and Basic Challenges","authors":"A. M. Dar, Shafia Mir","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000356","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Molecular docking is a kind of bioinformatic modelling which involves the interaction of two or more molecules to give the stable adduct. Depending upon binding properties of ligand and target, it predicts the three-dimensional structure of any complex. Molecular docking generates different possible adduct structures that are ranked and grouped together using scoring function in the software. Docking simulations predict optimized docked conformer based upon total energy of the system. In spite of all potential approaches, ligand chemistry (tautomerism and ionization), receptor flexibility (single conformation of rigid receptor) and scoring function (differentiate true binding mode) still remained the challenge. Many important aspects of molecular docking in terms of its approaches, types, applications and challenges are briefly discussed in this article.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88029652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-27DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000355
Ju Chou, T. J. Robinson, Hui Doan
Sunscreens are used to absorb or block harmful sunlight especially ultra violet (UV) radiation. An UV-vis spectrometer was employed to measure absorbance of sunscreen products. The same brand’s sunscreens with sun protection factor (SPF) of 8, 15, 30, and 50 were tested under identical experimental conditions. The results show that the UV absorbance and the transmittance of the sunscreens are associated with the SPF value. The maximum absorbance of the sunscreens measured between 280 to 320 nm (UVB region) is linearly proportional to the SPF value with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 using the same brand’s sunscreens. Thus, the absorbance can be used to evaluate the efficiency of a sunscreen that absorbs or blocks UVB radiation. Several commercial sunscreens of different brands but with the same SPF 30 were compared. The results confirmed that, although different brand sunscreens with the same SPF varied slightly in UV absorbance, they all offer adequate protection against UVB radiation. The utilization of UV-Vis spectroscopy is found to be particularly effective for determination of sunblock efficiency.
{"title":"Rapid Comparison of UVB Absorption Effectiveness of Various Sunscreens byUV-Vis Spectroscopy","authors":"Ju Chou, T. J. Robinson, Hui Doan","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000355","url":null,"abstract":"Sunscreens are used to absorb or block harmful sunlight especially ultra violet (UV) radiation. An UV-vis spectrometer was employed to measure absorbance of sunscreen products. The same brand’s sunscreens with sun protection factor (SPF) of 8, 15, 30, and 50 were tested under identical experimental conditions. The results show that the UV absorbance and the transmittance of the sunscreens are associated with the SPF value. The maximum absorbance of the sunscreens measured between 280 to 320 nm (UVB region) is linearly proportional to the SPF value with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 using the same brand’s sunscreens. Thus, the absorbance can be used to evaluate the efficiency of a sunscreen that absorbs or blocks UVB radiation. Several commercial sunscreens of different brands but with the same SPF 30 were compared. The results confirmed that, although different brand sunscreens with the same SPF varied slightly in UV absorbance, they all offer adequate protection against UVB radiation. The utilization of UV-Vis spectroscopy is found to be particularly effective for determination of sunblock efficiency.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83181230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-20DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000354
G. Hemavathi, Hipparagi Sm
Sensitive LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometric) Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Alogliptin and Voglibose in human plasma. A highly sophisticated and sensitive LC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the Alogliptin and Voglibose simultaneous determination in human plasma. Alogliptin D3 and Miglitol were used as IS (Internal standard). Protein precipitation extraction was followed for the analytes and IS. Chromatography conditions included an isocratic mobile phase composing of 5 mM Ammonium formate: Acetonitrile in the ratio 50:50 v/v. The column used was Welchrom XB C18, with specifications of 50 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm, at a flow rate of 0.70 ml/min. The retention time of Alogliptin, Voglibose, Alogliptin D3 and Miglitol occurred at ~1.03, 0.8, 0.8 and 0.81 min respectively and the total chromatographic run time was 3.0 min. Alogliptin and Voglibose achieved a linear response function in human plasma at 5.09-509 ng/mL and 2.03-203 ng/mL respectively. Alogliptin and Voglibose achieved an intra and inter-day accuracy and precision in the range of 0.94- 4.35 and 0.91-3.89%; 1.41-10.8 and 1.90-7.75% respectively. The method was strictly validated according to the ICH guidelines. The results obtained from this study can be significantly utilized for developing full pharmacokinetic profiling in individuals.
{"title":"Sensitive LC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination ofAlogliptin and Voglibose in Human Plasma","authors":"G. Hemavathi, Hipparagi Sm","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000354","url":null,"abstract":"Sensitive LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometric) Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Alogliptin and Voglibose in human plasma. A highly sophisticated and sensitive LC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the Alogliptin and Voglibose simultaneous determination in human plasma. Alogliptin D3 and Miglitol were used as IS (Internal standard). Protein precipitation extraction was followed for the analytes and IS. Chromatography conditions included an isocratic mobile phase composing of 5 mM Ammonium formate: Acetonitrile in the ratio 50:50 v/v. The column used was Welchrom XB C18, with specifications of 50 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm, at a flow rate of 0.70 ml/min. The retention time of Alogliptin, Voglibose, Alogliptin D3 and Miglitol occurred at ~1.03, 0.8, 0.8 and 0.81 min respectively and the total chromatographic run time was 3.0 min. Alogliptin and Voglibose achieved a linear response function in human plasma at 5.09-509 ng/mL and 2.03-203 ng/mL respectively. Alogliptin and Voglibose achieved an intra and inter-day accuracy and precision in the range of 0.94- 4.35 and 0.91-3.89%; 1.41-10.8 and 1.90-7.75% respectively. The method was strictly validated according to the ICH guidelines. The results obtained from this study can be significantly utilized for developing full pharmacokinetic profiling in individuals.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79906344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-10DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000353
E. Ee, Ene Ac, Chidi Uzoma Igwe
The ethanolic leaf extract of Alchornea cordifolia (Schum. and Thonn.) Mull. Arg (Euphorbiaceae), a widely used traditional medicinal plant was assessed for possible sub-acute toxicity in Swiss albino rats. The rats were randomly distributed into five groups of four animals each. The groups were respectively administered 125, 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg body weight ethanolic leaf extract of Alchornea cordifolia intra peritoneally daily for (two weeks) 14 days. Normal saline was administered to the control group according to their body weights. The experimental animals were observed for another 14 days before the termination of the experiment. The weight of the animals was recorded daily throughout the duration of the study. The number of deaths in any group was recorded. All the surviving animals were sacrificed after 28 days. Blood samples were collected for biochemical and haematological analysis. Selected organs of the animals i.e., liver and kidney of both the dead and sacrificed animals were removed and stored in 10% formal saline ready for histopathological analysis. Administration of Alchornea cordifolia (0.125- 0.75 g/kg, po daily) for two weeks (14 days) did not affect significantly the relative organ weights, blood chemistry and renal function. Histology of liver and kidney at dose levels up to 0.5 g/kg was normal and similarto vehicletreated controls. However, liver sections of mice treated with 0.75 g/kg Alchornea cordifolia ethanolic leaf extract showed cloudy swelling of hepatocytes with vascular degeneration. These results suggest that Alchornea cordifolia is relatively non-toxic but has the propensity to induce hepatic injury at high doses.
{"title":"Sub-Acute Toxicity Studies of Alchornea cordifolia Leaf Extract in SwissAlbino Rats","authors":"E. Ee, Ene Ac, Chidi Uzoma Igwe","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000353","url":null,"abstract":"The ethanolic leaf extract of Alchornea cordifolia (Schum. and Thonn.) Mull. Arg (Euphorbiaceae), a widely used traditional medicinal plant was assessed for possible sub-acute toxicity in Swiss albino rats. The rats were randomly distributed into five groups of four animals each. The groups were respectively administered 125, 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg body weight ethanolic leaf extract of Alchornea cordifolia intra peritoneally daily for (two weeks) 14 days. Normal saline was administered to the control group according to their body weights. The experimental animals were observed for another 14 days before the termination of the experiment. The weight of the animals was recorded daily throughout the duration of the study. The number of deaths in any group was recorded. All the surviving animals were sacrificed after 28 days. Blood samples were collected for biochemical and haematological analysis. Selected organs of the animals i.e., liver and kidney of both the dead and sacrificed animals were removed and stored in 10% formal saline ready for histopathological analysis. Administration of Alchornea cordifolia (0.125- 0.75 g/kg, po daily) for two weeks (14 days) did not affect significantly the relative organ weights, blood chemistry and renal function. Histology of liver and kidney at dose levels up to 0.5 g/kg was normal and similarto vehicletreated controls. However, liver sections of mice treated with 0.75 g/kg Alchornea cordifolia ethanolic leaf extract showed cloudy swelling of hepatocytes with vascular degeneration. These results suggest that Alchornea cordifolia is relatively non-toxic but has the propensity to induce hepatic injury at high doses.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75097083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-02DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000352
K. Redeuil, S. Bénet, M. Affolter, K. SagarThakkar, E. Campos-Giménez
With this report we present development, validation and application of an analytical methodology for the quantification of 18 water soluble vitamers and secreted or biological forms in breast milk. On a relatively low amount of breast milk (200 µL), we applied isotope dilution-based sample preparation based on a combination of enzymatic treatment and protein precipitation using acidic methanol enriched with stable isotope labelled internal standards. Compounds separation was achieved by reversed-phase liquid chromatography and detection performed by tandem mass spectrometry in positive electrospray ionization mode. To perform the quantification of 18 water soluble vitamers, procured pooled breast milk was used to build matrixmatched calibration curves, as labelled internal standards were not available for each vitamer. The analytical approach has been validated according to the EMA guidelines. The overall performance of the method was considered adequate, with 0.3- 28.3% and 0.9-32.6% intra and inter-day precision respectively and averaged accuracy reaching 92.2-107.5%. In addition, performed freeze/thaw stability studies showed the potential degradation of some vitamers. We therefore recommend particular attention in sample collection with rather having dedicated aliquots with small volumes. The feasibility of this analytical approach has been evaluated by quantifying various breast milk samples that were procured from an external supplier. The main forms found in breast milk were thiamine monophosphate for B1, flavin adenine nucleotide for B2, nicotinamide for B3, pyridoxal for B6 and 5-methyl tetrahydrofolic acid for B9. In addition, we newly reported nudifloramide as B3 form present in breast milk. With this analytical approach, it will give more confidence to provide a comprehensive assessment of the presence of water soluble vitamins in breast milk. This will enable the accurate evaluation of the nutritional requirements of infants.
{"title":"A Novel Methodology for the Quantification of B-Vitamers in Breast Milk","authors":"K. Redeuil, S. Bénet, M. Affolter, K. SagarThakkar, E. Campos-Giménez","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000352","url":null,"abstract":"With this report we present development, validation and application of an analytical methodology for the quantification of 18 water soluble vitamers and secreted or biological forms in breast milk. On a relatively low amount of breast milk (200 µL), we applied isotope dilution-based sample preparation based on a combination of enzymatic treatment and protein precipitation using acidic methanol enriched with stable isotope labelled internal standards. Compounds separation was achieved by reversed-phase liquid chromatography and detection performed by tandem mass spectrometry in positive electrospray ionization mode. To perform the quantification of 18 water soluble vitamers, procured pooled breast milk was used to build matrixmatched calibration curves, as labelled internal standards were not available for each vitamer. The analytical approach has been validated according to the EMA guidelines. The overall performance of the method was considered adequate, with 0.3- 28.3% and 0.9-32.6% intra and inter-day precision respectively and averaged accuracy reaching 92.2-107.5%. In addition, performed freeze/thaw stability studies showed the potential degradation of some vitamers. We therefore recommend particular attention in sample collection with rather having dedicated aliquots with small volumes. The feasibility of this analytical approach has been evaluated by quantifying various breast milk samples that were procured from an external supplier. The main forms found in breast milk were thiamine monophosphate for B1, flavin adenine nucleotide for B2, nicotinamide for B3, pyridoxal for B6 and 5-methyl tetrahydrofolic acid for B9. In addition, we newly reported nudifloramide as B3 form present in breast milk. With this analytical approach, it will give more confidence to provide a comprehensive assessment of the presence of water soluble vitamins in breast milk. This will enable the accurate evaluation of the nutritional requirements of infants.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80222220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-28DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000351
M. Khansari, Sara Shahreza, A. Rezvanirad, Amin Nikavar, Shahrzad Bikloo, B. Yousefsani
In this study, a novel approach is proposed for determination of methylphenidate in biological fluids. In this method molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE), as the sample extraction technique, combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is used. The water-compatible molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were prepared using methacrylic acid as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linker, Hexane as porogen and methylphenidate as template molecule. Extraction of methylphenidate from human serum was carried out using a novel imprinted polymer as the solid-phase extraction (SPE). Various parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of the polymer were evaluated. Also, the optimal conditions for the MIP cartridges were studied. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for methylphenidate in serum samples were 1.3 and 10 ng mL-1, respectively. The recoveries for serum samples were higher than 92%.
本研究提出了一种测定生物体液中哌甲酯含量的新方法。该方法采用分子印迹固相萃取(MISPE)作为样品提取技术，结合高效液相色谱(HPLC)。以甲基丙烯酸为功能单体，乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂，己烷为多孔剂，哌醋甲酯为模板分子，制备了水相容性分子印迹聚合物(MIPs)。采用新型印迹聚合物固相萃取(SPE)技术从人血清中提取哌甲酯。考察了影响聚合物萃取效率的各种参数。同时，研究了MIP筒的最佳工艺条件。血清样品中哌甲酯的检出限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ)分别为1.3和10 ng mL-1。血清样品加样回收率大于92%。
{"title":"Synthesis of Surface Molecularly Imprinting Polymers for Methylphenidate andits Application in Separating Methylphenidate","authors":"M. Khansari, Sara Shahreza, A. Rezvanirad, Amin Nikavar, Shahrzad Bikloo, B. Yousefsani","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000351","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a novel approach is proposed for determination of methylphenidate in biological fluids. In this method molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE), as the sample extraction technique, combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is used. The water-compatible molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were prepared using methacrylic acid as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linker, Hexane as porogen and methylphenidate as template molecule. Extraction of methylphenidate from human serum was carried out using a novel imprinted polymer as the solid-phase extraction (SPE). Various parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of the polymer were evaluated. Also, the optimal conditions for the MIP cartridges were studied. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for methylphenidate in serum samples were 1.3 and 10 ng mL-1, respectively. The recoveries for serum samples were higher than 92%.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73827579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-27DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000350
Dias Iarb, Saciloto Tr, P. Cervini, Cavalheiro Etg
A screen-printed electrode based on a graphite and polyurethane composite (SPGPU) was used in the determination of epinephrine (EP) in cerebral synthetic fluid (CSF) sample. Both Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) and Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV) were used to investigate the suitability of sensor for determination of EP. Under the optimum conditions, the analyte oxidation signal was observed at 0.17 and 0.080 V for DPV and SWV, respectively (vs. pseudo-Ag¦AgCl) in phosphate buffer (pH=7.4). A linear region between 0.10 and 1.0 µmol L-1 was observed in DPV, with detection limit of 6.2 × 10-7 mol L-1 (R=0.997). In SWV two linear ranges were observed, the first one between 0.10 and 0.80 µmol L-1 and the second from 1.0 to 8.0 µmol L-1 with limit of detection 9.5 × 10-8 and 6.0 × 10-7 mol L-1 (R=0.998) respectively. Recoveries of 99 to 100% were observed using the sensor for determination of epinephrine in the CSF. Interference tests showed that uric and ascorbic acids as well as dopamine increase the current of epinephrine, with acceptable levels for UA. The use of a standard addition of EP in the CSF solution containing the ascorbic acid allowed minimizing such interference.
{"title":"Determination of Epinephrine at a Screen-Printed Composite Electrode Based onGraphite and Polyurethane","authors":"Dias Iarb, Saciloto Tr, P. Cervini, Cavalheiro Etg","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000350","url":null,"abstract":"A screen-printed electrode based on a graphite and polyurethane composite (SPGPU) was used in the determination of epinephrine (EP) in cerebral synthetic fluid (CSF) sample. Both Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) and Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV) were used to investigate the suitability of sensor for determination of EP. Under the optimum conditions, the analyte oxidation signal was observed at 0.17 and 0.080 V for DPV and SWV, respectively (vs. pseudo-Ag¦AgCl) in phosphate buffer (pH=7.4). A linear region between 0.10 and 1.0 µmol L-1 was observed in DPV, with detection limit of 6.2 × 10-7 mol L-1 (R=0.997). In SWV two linear ranges were observed, the first one between 0.10 and 0.80 µmol L-1 and the second from 1.0 to 8.0 µmol L-1 with limit of detection 9.5 × 10-8 and 6.0 × 10-7 mol L-1 (R=0.998) respectively. Recoveries of 99 to 100% were observed using the sensor for determination of epinephrine in the CSF. Interference tests showed that uric and ascorbic acids as well as dopamine increase the current of epinephrine, with acceptable levels for UA. The use of a standard addition of EP in the CSF solution containing the ascorbic acid allowed minimizing such interference.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79435366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-25DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000348
Muhammad Yaseen, Z. Shah, R. C. Veses, S. Dias, E. Lima, G. S. Reis, J. C. Vaghetti, W. S. Alencar, K. Mehmood
The use of titania-silica materials in photocatalytic processes has been proposed as an alternative to the conventional TiO2 catalysts, in order to facilitate the separation of products after the reaction. However, despite the large number of research in this field, the mechanism governing the photocatalytic activity of the mixed TiO2/SiO2 oxides is not clear. Titania-Silica nanocomposite xerogels were prepared by sol-gel method. This work has been used to describe the synthesis and the photocatalytic properties of TiO2-SiO2 nanocomposite xerogel. The nanocomposite xerogels were prepared by keeping the molar ratio of TEOS:TTIP:MtOH:DIW at 1: 1:6:14 respectively and the catalysts used were HCl and NH4OH. After the preparation xerogels were characterized by FTIR, XRD, UV and LLS. All these techniques show the amorphous nature of Titania-silica xerogel.
{"title":"Photocatalytic studies of tio2/sio2 nanocomposite xerogels","authors":"Muhammad Yaseen, Z. Shah, R. C. Veses, S. Dias, E. Lima, G. S. Reis, J. C. Vaghetti, W. S. Alencar, K. Mehmood","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000348","url":null,"abstract":"The use of titania-silica materials in photocatalytic processes has been proposed as an alternative to the conventional TiO2 catalysts, in order to facilitate the separation of products after the reaction. However, despite the large number of research in this field, the mechanism governing the photocatalytic activity of the mixed TiO2/SiO2 oxides is not clear. Titania-Silica nanocomposite xerogels were prepared by sol-gel method. This work has been used to describe the synthesis and the photocatalytic properties of TiO2-SiO2 nanocomposite xerogel. The nanocomposite xerogels were prepared by keeping the molar ratio of TEOS:TTIP:MtOH:DIW at 1: 1:6:14 respectively and the catalysts used were HCl and NH4OH. After the preparation xerogels were characterized by FTIR, XRD, UV and LLS. All these techniques show the amorphous nature of Titania-silica xerogel.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89949847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-20DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000349
Dan Jin, Shengxi Jin, Yang Yu, Colin Lee, Jie Chen
For over a century, research on cannabis has been hampered by its legal status as a narcotic. The recent legalization of cannabis for medical purposes in North America requires rigorous standardization of its phytochemical composition in the interest of consumer safety and medicinal efficacy. To utilize medicinal cannabis as a predictable medicine, it is crucial to classify hundreds of cultivars with respect to dozens of therapeutic cannabinoids and terpenes, as opposed to the current industrial or forensic classifications that only consider the primary cannabinoids tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). We have recently developed and validated analytical methods using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD) to quantify cannabinoids and gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) to quantify terpenes in cannabis raw material currently marketed in Canada. We classified 32 cannabis samples from two licensed producers into four clusters based on the content of 10 cannabinoids and 14 terpenes. The classification results were confirmed by cluster analysis and principal component analysis in tandem, which were distinct from those using only THC and CBD. Cannabis classification using a full spectrum of compounds will more closely meet the practical needs of cannabis applications in clinical research, insdustrial production, and patients’ self-production in Canada. As such, this holistic classification methodology will contribute to the standardization of commercially-available cannabis cultivars in support of a continuously growing market.
{"title":"Classification of Cannabis Cultivars Marketed in Canada for Medical Purposes byQuantification of Cannabinoids and Terpenes Using HPLC-DAD and GC-MS","authors":"Dan Jin, Shengxi Jin, Yang Yu, Colin Lee, Jie Chen","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000349","url":null,"abstract":"For over a century, research on cannabis has been hampered by its legal status as a narcotic. The recent legalization of cannabis for medical purposes in North America requires rigorous standardization of its phytochemical composition in the interest of consumer safety and medicinal efficacy. To utilize medicinal cannabis as a predictable medicine, it is crucial to classify hundreds of cultivars with respect to dozens of therapeutic cannabinoids and terpenes, as opposed to the current industrial or forensic classifications that only consider the primary cannabinoids tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). We have recently developed and validated analytical methods using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD) to quantify cannabinoids and gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) to quantify terpenes in cannabis raw material currently marketed in Canada. We classified 32 cannabis samples from two licensed producers into four clusters based on the content of 10 cannabinoids and 14 terpenes. The classification results were confirmed by cluster analysis and principal component analysis in tandem, which were distinct from those using only THC and CBD. Cannabis classification using a full spectrum of compounds will more closely meet the practical needs of cannabis applications in clinical research, insdustrial production, and patients’ self-production in Canada. As such, this holistic classification methodology will contribute to the standardization of commercially-available cannabis cultivars in support of a continuously growing market.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78339487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-31DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000345
Ukpaka Cp, Umah Kingdom
The research demonstrates the significance of some physicochemical parameters on the screening characteristics of suspension in bioremediation sampling. In this investigation, physicochemical parameters of soil sample polluted with crude oil was subjected into sampling by considering the total phosphorus, nitrogen and pH concentration at initial, intermediate and final stage upon the influence of the period of exposure as well as the average values were determined mathematically. The mathematical tools of matrix was formulated from the obtained data and resolved using the mathematical techniques known as matlab (Matrix Laboratory) computer programme language. The results obtained revealed the influence of physicochemical parameters as well as the microbial concentration on increasing the screening characteristics of suspension in bioremediation during sampling.
{"title":"Effect of Physicochemical Parameters on Screening Characteristics of Suspension in Bioremediation Sampling","authors":"Ukpaka Cp, Umah Kingdom","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000345","url":null,"abstract":"The research demonstrates the significance of some physicochemical parameters on the screening characteristics of suspension in bioremediation sampling. In this investigation, physicochemical parameters of soil sample polluted with crude oil was subjected into sampling by considering the total phosphorus, nitrogen and pH concentration at initial, intermediate and final stage upon the influence of the period of exposure as well as the average values were determined mathematically. The mathematical tools of matrix was formulated from the obtained data and resolved using the mathematical techniques known as matlab (Matrix Laboratory) computer programme language. The results obtained revealed the influence of physicochemical parameters as well as the microbial concentration on increasing the screening characteristics of suspension in bioremediation during sampling.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77700402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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