We investigate correlations of breath acetone with blood glucose (BG) and blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in a rat model of 126 streptozotocin-induced Type 1 diabetic (T1D) and 32 healthy rats, and evaluate the role of breath acetone analysis as a non-invasive alternative in diabetes screening and management. We conducted breath acetone analysis using a T1D rat model under various conditions, including fasting and insulin-treated. Breath acetone concentrations were measured using a cavity ringdown breath acetone analyzer, LaserBreath-001. The results showed that the breath acetone, BG, and BHB in the T1D rat group were significantly different from those in the healthy group (P<0.05). Significant positive relationships between breath acetone and blood BHB existed in both T1D and healthy groups, as well as in a group of T1D rats under fasting condition and insulin treatment. When the BG concentrations were grouped as follows: 16.5-24.4, 24.5-27.7, and 27.8-41.7 mmol/L, a moderate negative correlation between breath acetone and BG was observed in the T1D group. Furthermore, the accuracy of diabetes screening using breath acetone was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis method and results showed that the accuracy is low when the area under ROC curve (AUC) is <0.6425.
{"title":"Study of Breath Acetone in a Rat Mode of 126 Rats with Type 1 Diabetes","authors":"Zhennan Wang, Meixiu Sun, Xiaomeng Zhao, Chenyu Jiang, Yingxin Li, Chuji Wang","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000344","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate correlations of breath acetone with blood glucose (BG) and blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) \u0000in a rat model of 126 streptozotocin-induced Type 1 diabetic (T1D) and 32 healthy rats, and evaluate the role \u0000of breath acetone analysis as a non-invasive alternative in diabetes screening and management. We conducted \u0000breath acetone analysis using a T1D rat model under various conditions, including fasting and insulin-treated. Breath \u0000acetone concentrations were measured using a cavity ringdown breath acetone analyzer, LaserBreath-001. The \u0000results showed that the breath acetone, BG, and BHB in the T1D rat group were significantly different from those \u0000in the healthy group (P<0.05). Significant positive relationships between breath acetone and blood BHB existed in \u0000both T1D and healthy groups, as well as in a group of T1D rats under fasting condition and insulin treatment. When \u0000the BG concentrations were grouped as follows: 16.5-24.4, 24.5-27.7, and 27.8-41.7 mmol/L, a moderate negative \u0000correlation between breath acetone and BG was observed in the T1D group. Furthermore, the accuracy of diabetes screening using breath acetone was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis method \u0000and results showed that the accuracy is low when the area under ROC curve (AUC) is <0.6425.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82094203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-16DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000343
Attarde Dl, Pal Sc, Bhambar Rs
Dashmula are specific ayurvedic combination of ten roots used for various disorders of liver, kidney, uterus. Standardisation of herbals are necessity for efficacy and quality parameter as per WHO guidelines. Therefore, through this original research attempt was made to standardise one of ‘Dashmula’, P. integrifolia and selected batches of marketed formulation using Apigenin and Luteolin as active biological marker for simultaneous quantification and fingerprinting through developed and validated HPTLC techniques. Developed mobile phase Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid (6:4:0.15) gave Rf (Retention factor) 0.39 and 0.29 for Standard Apigenin and Luteolin respectively at 347 nm iso absorptive wavelength. The ethyl acetate extract of P. integrifolia (PI-ET), ‘Dashmularishtha’: Manufactuer 1; 3 coded batches as DF1, DF2, DF3, Manufacturer 2; 3 coded batches -as BF4, BF5, BF6, ‘Dashmulkadha’: Manufacturer 3; 3 coded batches as KF, KF8, KF9 were found to contain : 12.8% w/w, 0.294 mg/ml%, 0.429 mg/ ml%, 0.314 mg/ml%, 0.077 mg/ml%, 0.071 mg/ml%, 0.145 mg/ml%, 0.176 mg/ml%, 0.242 mg/ml%, 0.098 mg/ml% of Apigenin and 4.7% w/w, 0.542 mg/ml%, 0.365 mg/ml%, 0.569 mg/ml%, 0.343 mg/ml%, 0.311 mg/ml%, 0.607 mg/ ml%, 0.812 mg/ml%, 0.828 mg/ml%, 0.439 mg/ml% of Luteolin respectively. In stem powder of P. integrifolia 19.84 mg/gm% Apigenin and 7.433 mg/gm% Luteolin was calculated. The estimation shows variance in manufacturers and even within batches, but will be quality control parameter. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. It was found to be linear in range of 40-120 ng/band with regression coefficient 0.9983, 0.9997 for Apigenin and luteolin. Percentage recovery study carried out for extract PI-ET and DF1 with spike of Apigenin and Luteolin at 80, 100 and 120% level, carried out for inter and intraday precision, subjected for one way ANOVA and found F value is below tabulated F(2,6) value 5.14, therefore there is no significance variance of obtained values.
{"title":"Validation and Development of HPTLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Apigenin and Luteolin in Selected Marketed Ayurvedic Formulations of âÂÂDashmulaâ and in Ethyl Acetate Extract of Premna integrifolia L.","authors":"Attarde Dl, Pal Sc, Bhambar Rs","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000343","url":null,"abstract":"Dashmula are specific ayurvedic combination of ten roots used for various disorders of liver, kidney, uterus. Standardisation of herbals are necessity for efficacy and quality parameter as per WHO guidelines. Therefore, through this original research attempt was made to standardise one of ‘Dashmula’, P. integrifolia and selected batches of marketed formulation using Apigenin and Luteolin as active biological marker for simultaneous quantification and fingerprinting through developed and validated HPTLC techniques. Developed mobile phase Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid (6:4:0.15) gave Rf (Retention factor) 0.39 and 0.29 for Standard Apigenin and Luteolin respectively at 347 nm iso absorptive wavelength. The ethyl acetate extract of P. integrifolia (PI-ET), ‘Dashmularishtha’: Manufactuer 1; 3 coded batches as DF1, DF2, DF3, Manufacturer 2; 3 coded batches -as BF4, BF5, BF6, ‘Dashmulkadha’: Manufacturer 3; 3 coded batches as KF, KF8, KF9 were found to contain : 12.8% w/w, 0.294 mg/ml%, 0.429 mg/ ml%, 0.314 mg/ml%, 0.077 mg/ml%, 0.071 mg/ml%, 0.145 mg/ml%, 0.176 mg/ml%, 0.242 mg/ml%, 0.098 mg/ml% of Apigenin and 4.7% w/w, 0.542 mg/ml%, 0.365 mg/ml%, 0.569 mg/ml%, 0.343 mg/ml%, 0.311 mg/ml%, 0.607 mg/ ml%, 0.812 mg/ml%, 0.828 mg/ml%, 0.439 mg/ml% of Luteolin respectively. In stem powder of P. integrifolia 19.84 mg/gm% Apigenin and 7.433 mg/gm% Luteolin was calculated. The estimation shows variance in manufacturers and even within batches, but will be quality control parameter. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. It was found to be linear in range of 40-120 ng/band with regression coefficient 0.9983, 0.9997 for Apigenin and luteolin. Percentage recovery study carried out for extract PI-ET and DF1 with spike of Apigenin and Luteolin at 80, 100 and 120% level, carried out for inter and intraday precision, subjected for one way ANOVA and found F value is below tabulated F(2,6) value 5.14, therefore there is no significance variance of obtained values.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88477219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-06DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000342
E. Jansen, P. Beekhof, N. Schupp, Moritz Kreutzmann, B. Kraus
The redox status is an important tool in determining the physiological state of the body, especially for the elderly and with hypertension and heart failure [1-4]. A reflection of the redox status in the circulation can be measured by the level of free thiol groups in proteins in serum or plasma samples. There are several assays described in the literature for the evaluation of the redox status in serum or plasma. In these simple assays, a reaction of thiol groups of proteins takes place with a chromogen. The most used assay is based on the reaction of 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), with thiol groups which can be easily performed with home-made materials [5,6]. However, for quality control during large-scale studies, commercially available assays are preferred due to the long-term delivery and stability of the assay components and the availability of quality control materials. This test can be performed either by high performance liquid chromatographic methods [7-9] or in micro plate format [10] and was also programmed and applied to clinical analyzers [11-14]. The use of auto-analyzers allows measurement of large sets of samples in epidemiological studies under the required quality during longer periods. Another advantage is the possibility to combine the assay with the measurement of other biomarkers in the same small volume of sample [15].
{"title":"A Comparison Between Two Assays for the Redox Status in Plasma","authors":"E. Jansen, P. Beekhof, N. Schupp, Moritz Kreutzmann, B. Kraus","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000342","url":null,"abstract":"The redox status is an important tool in determining the physiological state of the body, especially for the elderly and with hypertension and heart failure [1-4]. A reflection of the redox status in the circulation can be measured by the level of free thiol groups in proteins in serum or plasma samples. There are several assays described in the literature for the evaluation of the redox status in serum or plasma. In these simple assays, a reaction of thiol groups of proteins takes place with a chromogen. The most used assay is based on the reaction of 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), with thiol groups which can be easily performed with home-made materials [5,6]. However, for quality control during large-scale studies, commercially available assays are preferred due to the long-term delivery and stability of the assay components and the availability of quality control materials. This test can be performed either by high performance liquid chromatographic methods [7-9] or in micro plate format [10] and was also programmed and applied to clinical analyzers [11-14]. The use of auto-analyzers allows measurement of large sets of samples in epidemiological studies under the required quality during longer periods. Another advantage is the possibility to combine the assay with the measurement of other biomarkers in the same small volume of sample [15].","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75586902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000380
H. Cremers, R. Talhout, E. Jansen, Ramon Ramlal
Humectants, especially glycerol and propylene glycol, are tobacco additives that are used to facilitate several processes in the production of tobacco products and to maintain the moisture content. Humectants in tobacco are usually detected by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection after a pre-analytical conditioning procedure. During this conditioning step, significant decreases of especially propylene glycol levels were observed. The goal of the present study is to find out the reason for this decrease, and to propose a method that minimizes this loss. Therefore, detailed studies were performed directed to this problem, which revealed that evaporation is the most likely source of this loss. Based on our findings, we propose a method without a pre-analytical conditioning step. Using the present method, in 10 different brands of commercially available cigarettes it was checked whether the measured concentrations of the humectants correspond with the declared concentrations as supplied by the manufacturers. The analysis showed that the measured levels were in general much lower than the specified amounts, possibly due to evaporation during processing tobacco to cigarettes. Therefore, it was suggested that the manufacturers should also specify the final amounts of humectants in cigarettes after the manufacturing process.
{"title":"Stability and Concentrations of Humectants in Tobacco","authors":"H. Cremers, R. Talhout, E. Jansen, Ramon Ramlal","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000380","url":null,"abstract":"Humectants, especially glycerol and propylene glycol, are tobacco additives that are used to facilitate several processes in the production of tobacco products and to maintain the moisture content. Humectants in tobacco are usually detected by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection after a pre-analytical conditioning procedure. During this conditioning step, significant decreases of especially propylene glycol levels were observed. The goal of the present study is to find out the reason for this decrease, and to propose a method that minimizes this loss. Therefore, detailed studies were performed directed to this problem, which revealed that evaporation is the most likely source of this loss. Based on our findings, we propose a method without a pre-analytical conditioning step. Using the present method, in 10 different brands of commercially available cigarettes it was checked whether the measured concentrations of the humectants correspond with the declared concentrations as supplied by the manufacturers. The analysis showed that the measured levels were in general much lower than the specified amounts, possibly due to evaporation during processing tobacco to cigarettes. Therefore, it was suggested that the manufacturers should also specify the final amounts of humectants in cigarettes after the manufacturing process.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87642384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000381
I. Gdara, I. Zrafi, C. Balducci, A. Cecinato, A. Ghrabi
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of great concern due to their persistence, bioaccumulation and toxic properties. The occurrence, source and ecological risk assessment of 26 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in industrial and agricultural effluents affecting the Wadi El Bey watershed were investigated by means of gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis (GC/MS). Total PAHs (Σ 26 PAH) ranged from 1.21 to 91.7 μg/L. The 4 and 5-ring compounds were the principal PAHs detected in most of the 5 sites examined. Diagnostic concentration ratios and molecular indices were performed to identify the PAH sources. Results show that PAHs could originate from petrogenic, pyrolytic and mixed sources. According to the eco-toxicological assessment, the potential risk associated to PAHs affecting agricultural and industrial effluents of Wadi El Bey Watershed ranged from moderate to high for aquatic ecosystem and human health. The Toxic Equivalency Factor (TEF) approach indicated that benzo (a) pyrene and benzo (a) anthracene were the principal responsible for carcinogenic power of samples.
{"title":"Occurrence, Sources and Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Agricultural and Industrial Effluent Discharges in Wadi El Bey (Tunisia)","authors":"I. Gdara, I. Zrafi, C. Balducci, A. Cecinato, A. Ghrabi","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000381","url":null,"abstract":"Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of great concern due to their persistence, bioaccumulation and toxic properties. The occurrence, source and ecological risk assessment of 26 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in industrial and agricultural effluents affecting the Wadi El Bey watershed were investigated by means of gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis (GC/MS). Total PAHs (Σ 26 PAH) ranged from 1.21 to 91.7 μg/L. The 4 and 5-ring compounds were the principal PAHs detected in most of the 5 sites examined. Diagnostic concentration ratios and molecular indices were performed to identify the PAH sources. Results show that PAHs could originate from petrogenic, pyrolytic and mixed sources. According to the eco-toxicological assessment, the potential risk associated to PAHs affecting agricultural and industrial effluents of Wadi El Bey Watershed ranged from moderate to high for aquatic ecosystem and human health. The Toxic Equivalency Factor (TEF) approach indicated that benzo (a) pyrene and benzo (a) anthracene were the principal responsible for carcinogenic power of samples.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80408076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000391
Y. Kudo, Yuuki Tanaka, Hikaru Ichikawa, S. Katsuta
Using benzo-18-crown-6 ether (B18C6), extraction experiments of cadmium picrate (CdPic2) into various diluents were performed at 298 K. Thereby, three kinds of extraction constants, KCd/CdL, Kex± and Kex, four kinds of distribution constants, KD,j (=[j]org/[j]), with j=Pic−, CdLPic2, CdLPic+ and CdL2+ and two kinds of ion-pair formation constants, K1,org {=Kex±/KCd/CdL(KD,Pic)2} and K2,org (=Kex/Kex±), for L=B18C6 were determined. Here, KCd/CdL, Kex± and Kex were defined as [CdL2+]org/[Cd2+][L]org, [CdLPic+]org[Pic−]org/P and [CdLPic2]org/P, respectively, with P=[Cd2+][L]org[Pic−]2 and the subscript “org” denotes an organic phase. Based on these equilibrium constants, distribution properties of the species j between the water (w) and org phases and reactivity of CdL2+ or CdLPic+ in the org phases were compared. Additionally, some Pb2+ selectivity coefficients, kpotPbCd(=KCd/CdL/KPb/PbL), against Cd2+ with L=18-crown-6 ether at the nitrobenzene/w, 1,2-dichloroethane/w, o-dichlorobenzene/w and dichloromethane/w interfaces.
{"title":"Determination of Some Component Equilibrium-Constants by Cd(II) Picrate Extraction with Benzo-18-crown-6 Ether into Various Diluents and their Evaluation","authors":"Y. Kudo, Yuuki Tanaka, Hikaru Ichikawa, S. Katsuta","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000391","url":null,"abstract":"Using benzo-18-crown-6 ether (B18C6), extraction experiments of cadmium picrate (CdPic2) into various diluents were performed at 298 K. Thereby, three kinds of extraction constants, KCd/CdL, Kex± and Kex, four kinds of distribution constants, KD,j (=[j]org/[j]), with j=Pic−, CdLPic2, CdLPic+ and CdL2+ and two kinds of ion-pair formation constants, K1,org {=Kex±/KCd/CdL(KD,Pic)2} and K2,org (=Kex/Kex±), for L=B18C6 were determined. Here, KCd/CdL, Kex± and Kex were defined as [CdL2+]org/[Cd2+][L]org, [CdLPic+]org[Pic−]org/P and [CdLPic2]org/P, respectively, with P=[Cd2+][L]org[Pic−]2 and the subscript “org” denotes an organic phase. Based on these equilibrium constants, distribution properties of the species j between the water (w) and org phases and reactivity of CdL2+ or CdLPic+ in the org phases were compared. Additionally, some Pb2+ selectivity coefficients, kpotPbCd(=KCd/CdL/KPb/PbL), against Cd2+ with L=18-crown-6 ether at the nitrobenzene/w, 1,2-dichloroethane/w, o-dichlorobenzene/w and dichloromethane/w interfaces.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":"65 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77478256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000369
Xiuhong Su, Lei Yin, Sui-qin Chen
Isodon rubescens, an important medical plant, contains various terpenoids. This plant’s active compounds are primarily oridonin with antitumor properties. As the precursor for oridonin biosynthesis, are synthesized by MEP pathway. On the basis of our earlier studies, we isolated and cloned two important genes catalyzing diterpenoid biosynthesis in the MEP pathway. 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase and 4-hydroxy-3- methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase are the fifth enzymes and the last step key enzyme for the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, respectively, which is important for the regulation of isoprenoid biosynthesis. Sequence analysis revealed that DcIspF (accession no. KT948057) was 966 bp, contains a gene open reading frame (ORF) of 708 bp belonging to the MECDP-synthase superfamily and DcIspH (accession no KT948058) contains a 1389 bp ORF encoding a predicted 462 amino acid polypeptides as a member of the lytB_ispH superfamily. The deduced DcIspF and DcIspH amino acid sequences shared high similarity with DcIspF and DcIspH of other plant respectively, each of them exhibiting an N-terminal transit peptide and conserved amino acid sites. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of DcIspF was considerably higher in leaves, the lowest in callus. These results indicate that we have identified functional DcIspF and DcIspH enzymes, which may play a pivotal role in the biosynthesis of diterpenoid in I. rubescens.
冬凌草是一种重要的药用植物，含有多种萜类化合物。这种植物的活性成分主要是具有抗肿瘤特性的冬凌草甲素。作为草甲素生物合成的前体，通过MEP途径合成。在前期研究的基础上，我们分离并克隆了MEP途径中催化二萜类生物合成的两个重要基因。2- c -甲基- d -赤藓糖醇2,4-环二磷酸合成酶和4-羟基-3-甲基-丁-2-烯基二磷酸还原酶分别是甲基赤藓糖醇磷酸(MEP)途径的第五酶和最后一步关键酶，对类异戊二烯生物合成具有重要的调控作用。序列分析显示，DcIspF (accession no. 5)为。KT948057)全长966 bp，包含708 bp的基因开放阅读框(ORF)，属于mecdp -合成酶超家族;DcIspH (accession no KT948058)包含1389 bp的ORF，编码462个氨基酸多肽，是lytB_ispH超家族的成员。推导出的DcIspF和DcIspH氨基酸序列分别与其他植物的DcIspF和DcIspH具有较高的相似性，每个序列都具有一个n端传递肽和保守的氨基酸位点。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明，DcIspF在叶片中的表达量较高，在愈伤组织中表达量最低。这些结果表明，我们已经鉴定出具有功能的DcIspF和DcIspH酶，它们可能在冬凌草二萜类化合物的生物合成中发挥关键作用。
{"title":"Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Two Key Enzymes involved inthe Diterpenoid Biosynthesis Pathway of Isodon rubescens","authors":"Xiuhong Su, Lei Yin, Sui-qin Chen","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000369","url":null,"abstract":"Isodon rubescens, an important medical plant, contains various terpenoids. This plant’s active compounds are primarily oridonin with antitumor properties. As the precursor for oridonin biosynthesis, are synthesized by MEP pathway. On the basis of our earlier studies, we isolated and cloned two important genes catalyzing diterpenoid biosynthesis in the MEP pathway. 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase and 4-hydroxy-3- methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase are the fifth enzymes and the last step key enzyme for the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, respectively, which is important for the regulation of isoprenoid biosynthesis. Sequence analysis revealed that DcIspF (accession no. KT948057) was 966 bp, contains a gene open reading frame (ORF) of 708 bp belonging to the MECDP-synthase superfamily and DcIspH (accession no KT948058) contains a 1389 bp ORF encoding a predicted 462 amino acid polypeptides as a member of the lytB_ispH superfamily. The deduced DcIspF and DcIspH amino acid sequences shared high similarity with DcIspF and DcIspH of other plant respectively, each of them exhibiting an N-terminal transit peptide and conserved amino acid sites. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of DcIspF was considerably higher in leaves, the lowest in callus. These results indicate that we have identified functional DcIspF and DcIspH enzymes, which may play a pivotal role in the biosynthesis of diterpenoid in I. rubescens.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90310053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000385
L. A. Awin, M. A. El-Rais, Enas I Baghni, A. M. Etorki
The removals of Methyl violet from aqueous solutions using the double perovskites BaSr2NbO5.5 are reported. The oxides were prepared using solid state reaction in which the raw materials were mixed initially by either acetone or water. The X-ray diffraction measurements demonstrated that the preparation methods have influenced the cell volume, crystal size and surface area of the oxides. As consequence, the adsorption properties were also affected. The study showed that the prepared oxides have a cubic structure with crystallite size is less than 82 nm. However, the crystallite size of the oxide obtained by wet method (W) is higher than that of the oxide obtained by dry method (D). Consequently, the amounts of the dye adsorbed by BaSr2NbO5.5 (D) were higher than those adsorbed by BaSr2NbO5.5 (W). The maximum removal capacities of Methyl violet are found to be 8.71 and 9.39 mg/g using BaSr2NbO5.5 (W) and BaSr2NbO5.5(D) respectively. The removals of the dye have positive relationship with pH, temperature, the specific surface area and the mass of the oxide.
{"title":"Removal of Methylene Violet from Aqueous Solutions Using BaSr2NbO5.5","authors":"L. A. Awin, M. A. El-Rais, Enas I Baghni, A. M. Etorki","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000385","url":null,"abstract":"The removals of Methyl violet from aqueous solutions using the double perovskites BaSr2NbO5.5 are reported. The oxides were prepared using solid state reaction in which the raw materials were mixed initially by either acetone or water. The X-ray diffraction measurements demonstrated that the preparation methods have influenced the cell volume, crystal size and surface area of the oxides. As consequence, the adsorption properties were also affected. The study showed that the prepared oxides have a cubic structure with crystallite size is less than 82 nm. However, the crystallite size of the oxide obtained by wet method (W) is higher than that of the oxide obtained by dry method (D). Consequently, the amounts of the dye adsorbed by BaSr2NbO5.5 (D) were higher than those adsorbed by BaSr2NbO5.5 (W). The maximum removal capacities of Methyl violet are found to be 8.71 and 9.39 mg/g using BaSr2NbO5.5 (W) and BaSr2NbO5.5(D) respectively. The removals of the dye have positive relationship with pH, temperature, the specific surface area and the mass of the oxide.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":"9 394 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78034495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000392
A. RedaGazala, S. MohamedNagar
Gattar uranium mineralization in eastern desert is of comparatively low grade containing about 300 ppm uranium. A pilot plant for leaching of uranium and produce commercial yellow cake was set up in 2000. A huge amount, of residues resulted during leaching process with uranium assay about 85 ppm uranium. The present study was performed mainly to leach of uranium from the already present residues resulted from previous uranium vat leaching from gattar uranium mineralization. Vat leaching, is a static process in which the mineralized granite is crushed, disposed in vats and irrigated with a sulfuric acid solution with proper concentration to leach the uranium. The flowsheet adopted is of sulfuric acid leach-ion exchange process, the leaching was optimized to leach uranium with low acid concentration. Uranium is finally recovered by precipitation with sodium hydroxide. The uranium leaching from the residues (tailings) were examined by re-crashed coarse size via a batch experiments as a function of contact time, grind size, L/S ratio and lixiviant concentration at ambient temperature. To verifying the feasibility of uranium leaching in large-scale applications, column leaching of uranium was carried out. The results indicate the feasibility of treating the residue of the vat leaching through dynamic leaching. recovery of about 83% of uranium in the residue was obtained using a 1.5%w/w consumption of acid, grain size is ˂10 mm and total liquidsolid ratio is 0.8 m3/t.
{"title":"Processing of Gattar Pilot Plants Tailing Piles for Removing Residual Uranium, Eastern Desert, Egypt","authors":"A. RedaGazala, S. MohamedNagar","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000392","url":null,"abstract":"Gattar uranium mineralization in eastern desert is of comparatively low grade containing about 300 ppm uranium. A pilot plant for leaching of uranium and produce commercial yellow cake was set up in 2000. A huge amount, of residues resulted during leaching process with uranium assay about 85 ppm uranium. The present study was performed mainly to leach of uranium from the already present residues resulted from previous uranium vat leaching from gattar uranium mineralization. Vat leaching, is a static process in which the mineralized granite is crushed, disposed in vats and irrigated with a sulfuric acid solution with proper concentration to leach the uranium. The flowsheet adopted is of sulfuric acid leach-ion exchange process, the leaching was optimized to leach uranium with low acid concentration. Uranium is finally recovered by precipitation with sodium hydroxide. The uranium leaching from the residues (tailings) were examined by re-crashed coarse size via a batch experiments as a function of contact time, grind size, L/S ratio and lixiviant concentration at ambient temperature. To verifying the feasibility of uranium leaching in large-scale applications, column leaching of uranium was carried out. The results indicate the feasibility of treating the residue of the vat leaching through dynamic leaching. recovery of about 83% of uranium in the residue was obtained using a 1.5%w/w consumption of acid, grain size is ˂10 mm and total liquidsolid ratio is 0.8 m3/t.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":"65 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84490235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000382
Rui Liu, Wein-Duo Yang, Yingjin Song, Chuan Liu
A SnO2 electrode material was successfully synthesized using the Pechini method and is of interest for potential use in lithium batteries. In this work, the effects of the calcination temperature on the fabrication of the SnO2 electrode material were investigated in detail. The architecture, morphology and crystal phase of the SnO2 electrode material were analyzed using SEM and XRD. It was found that a calcination temperature of 400°C produced a crystalline phase, and at 600°C, an excellent crystalline structure was produced. The grain size of the SnO2 electrode material is approximately 40 nm, as observed by XRD and SEM. The capacity of the SnO2 electrode material also increases with increasing calcination temperature and can reach a discharge capacity of 1800 mAh/g and a charge capacity of 710 mAh/g at 600°C. Furthermore, the capacity of the SnO2 electrode material remains at 40% after 12 chargedischarge cycles.
{"title":"Calcination Temperature Effects on the Architecture, Morphology and Discharge Properties of SnO2 Electrode Materials Ge Performances of a Lini0.8Co0.2O2 Electrode Material","authors":"Rui Liu, Wein-Duo Yang, Yingjin Song, Chuan Liu","doi":"10.4172/2155-9872.1000382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000382","url":null,"abstract":"A SnO2 electrode material was successfully synthesized using the Pechini method and is of interest for potential use in lithium batteries. In this work, the effects of the calcination temperature on the fabrication of the SnO2 electrode material were investigated in detail. The architecture, morphology and crystal phase of the SnO2 electrode material were analyzed using SEM and XRD. It was found that a calcination temperature of 400°C produced a crystalline phase, and at 600°C, an excellent crystalline structure was produced. The grain size of the SnO2 electrode material is approximately 40 nm, as observed by XRD and SEM. The capacity of the SnO2 electrode material also increases with increasing calcination temperature and can reach a discharge capacity of 1800 mAh/g and a charge capacity of 710 mAh/g at 600°C. Furthermore, the capacity of the SnO2 electrode material remains at 40% after 12 chargedischarge cycles.","PeriodicalId":14865,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical and bioanalytical techniques","volume":"71 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80411967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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