L. Prieto-Rodríguez, I. Oller, A. Agüera, S. Malato
Abstract Municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTPs) have become one of the main sources of water for potential reuse. However, some pharmaceuticals, pesticides, hormones and others organics escape conventional wastewater treatments, and therefore, new technologies must be applied to overcome the problem. This article presents an efficient alternative that combines an aerobic immobilized biomass reactor (IBR) with a solar photo-Fenton process as a tertiary treatment. Real municipal wastewater was treated in the IBR system in batch and continuous modes. Micro-pollutants were monitored by using an advanced analytical procedure consisting of pre-concentration of samples by solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Results were compared with those observed in the MWTP secondary conventional activated sludge treatment. Effluents from the IBR, operating at the maximum treatment capacity, were treated in a previously optimized solar photo-Fenton pilot plant as a tertiary treatment to entirely eliminate remnant micro-pollutants.
{"title":"Elimination of organic micro-contaminants in municipal wastewater by a combined immobilized biomass reactor and solar photo-Fenton tertiary treatment","authors":"L. Prieto-Rodríguez, I. Oller, A. Agüera, S. Malato","doi":"10.1515/jaots-2016-0192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jaots-2016-0192","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTPs) have become one of the main sources of water for potential reuse. However, some pharmaceuticals, pesticides, hormones and others organics escape conventional wastewater treatments, and therefore, new technologies must be applied to overcome the problem. This article presents an efficient alternative that combines an aerobic immobilized biomass reactor (IBR) with a solar photo-Fenton process as a tertiary treatment. Real municipal wastewater was treated in the IBR system in batch and continuous modes. Micro-pollutants were monitored by using an advanced analytical procedure consisting of pre-concentration of samples by solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Results were compared with those observed in the MWTP secondary conventional activated sludge treatment. Effluents from the IBR, operating at the maximum treatment capacity, were treated in a previously optimized solar photo-Fenton pilot plant as a tertiary treatment to entirely eliminate remnant micro-pollutants.","PeriodicalId":14870,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73257770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In order to realize the selective oxidation of Fenton-like reaction, an inorganic molecularly imprinted Fe/Al/SiO2 composite (IMIPF) was synthesized by sol-gel method using acid orange II as template. As a comparison, the Fe/Al/SiO2 composite without molecular imprinting was referred to as INIPF. The adsorption performance and Fenton-like catalytic selectivity were also studied with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate as the coexistence interference. Adsorption results in single systems and binary systems proved that IMIPF owned special molecular recognition and priority adsorption ability of the target pollutant. In addition, both IMIPF and INIPF exhibited high catalytic activity toward the degradation of acid orange II in single systems. Benefited from the preferential adsorption and Fenton-like activity, IMIPF could achieve the goal of selective removal of target pollutants at low concentration in the presence of other pollutants at high concentration in binary systems. Moreover, IMIPF possessed a wide applicable pH range and good reusability.
{"title":"Selective Fenton-like catalytic oxidation of acid orange II on inorganic heterogeneous molecular imprinted catalysts","authors":"Yanqun Song, J. Shang, Chuan Rong, Yinghui Wang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Kefu Yu, Liyuan Chen","doi":"10.1515/jaots-2016-0195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jaots-2016-0195","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In order to realize the selective oxidation of Fenton-like reaction, an inorganic molecularly imprinted Fe/Al/SiO2 composite (IMIPF) was synthesized by sol-gel method using acid orange II as template. As a comparison, the Fe/Al/SiO2 composite without molecular imprinting was referred to as INIPF. The adsorption performance and Fenton-like catalytic selectivity were also studied with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate as the coexistence interference. Adsorption results in single systems and binary systems proved that IMIPF owned special molecular recognition and priority adsorption ability of the target pollutant. In addition, both IMIPF and INIPF exhibited high catalytic activity toward the degradation of acid orange II in single systems. Benefited from the preferential adsorption and Fenton-like activity, IMIPF could achieve the goal of selective removal of target pollutants at low concentration in the presence of other pollutants at high concentration in binary systems. Moreover, IMIPF possessed a wide applicable pH range and good reusability.","PeriodicalId":14870,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73992767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This research investigated the establishment of a mathematical model for the ozonation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) through the analysis of the mass transfer and reactions in a semi-batch bubble column reactor. Negative step tracer experiments were conducted with ozone as a tracer, which indicated that the gas phase is perfectly well mixed at the gas flow rate of 400 mL/min. Based on the results from ozone absorption experiments the mass transfer coefficient of ozone was determined to be 0.0054 s−1. The measured stoichiometry ratio of the direct reaction between ozone and DMP was about 5. The calculated rate constant was 0.87 L/(mol·s) for the direct reaction between ozone and DMP. A mathematical model was established based on the component mass balance in the reaction system involving the direct and indirect reactions and mass transfer between gas and liquid phases enhanced by the chemical reactions. The model can predict the removal of DMP for the early stage of the ozonation process well. At the latter stage, the predicated removals deviated from the measured results mainly due to the consumption of ozone by side reactions.
{"title":"Mathematical model involving chemical reaction and mass transfer for the ozonation of dimethyl phthalate in water in a bubble column reactor","authors":"Jianbing Wang, Zhilin Xia, Zuhai Cao, Shaoxia Yang, Wan-peng Zhu","doi":"10.1515/jaots-2016-0191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jaots-2016-0191","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This research investigated the establishment of a mathematical model for the ozonation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) through the analysis of the mass transfer and reactions in a semi-batch bubble column reactor. Negative step tracer experiments were conducted with ozone as a tracer, which indicated that the gas phase is perfectly well mixed at the gas flow rate of 400 mL/min. Based on the results from ozone absorption experiments the mass transfer coefficient of ozone was determined to be 0.0054 s−1. The measured stoichiometry ratio of the direct reaction between ozone and DMP was about 5. The calculated rate constant was 0.87 L/(mol·s) for the direct reaction between ozone and DMP. A mathematical model was established based on the component mass balance in the reaction system involving the direct and indirect reactions and mass transfer between gas and liquid phases enhanced by the chemical reactions. The model can predict the removal of DMP for the early stage of the ozonation process well. At the latter stage, the predicated removals deviated from the measured results mainly due to the consumption of ozone by side reactions.","PeriodicalId":14870,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90999842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Current conduction mechanisms of SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors on n-type 4H-SiC with or without NO annealing have been investigated in this work. It has been revealed that Fowler-Nordheim (FN) tunneling is the dominating current conduction mechanism in high electrical fields, with barrier height of 2.67 and 2.54 eV respectively for samples with NO and without NO annealing. A higher barrier height for NO-annealed sample indicates the effect of N element on the SiC/SiO2 interface quality. In the intermediate oxide field, instead of trap-assisted tunneling (TAT), Poole-Frenkel (PF) emission play the key role in this region. A combination of C-V characteristics also show us the advantages of NO annealing on the SiC/SiO2 characteristics.
{"title":"Current conduction mechanisms in thermal nitride and dry gate oxide grown on 4H-silicon carbide (SiC)","authors":"Li Liu, Yin-Tang Yang","doi":"10.1515/jaots-2016-0177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jaots-2016-0177","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Current conduction mechanisms of SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors on n-type 4H-SiC with or without NO annealing have been investigated in this work. It has been revealed that Fowler-Nordheim (FN) tunneling is the dominating current conduction mechanism in high electrical fields, with barrier height of 2.67 and 2.54 eV respectively for samples with NO and without NO annealing. A higher barrier height for NO-annealed sample indicates the effect of N element on the SiC/SiO2 interface quality. In the intermediate oxide field, instead of trap-assisted tunneling (TAT), Poole-Frenkel (PF) emission play the key role in this region. A combination of C-V characteristics also show us the advantages of NO annealing on the SiC/SiO2 characteristics.","PeriodicalId":14870,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86224753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The basic and applied aspects of Fenton and Fenton-like processes for removal of pollutants using zerovalent iron materials, including nanoparticles, are reviewed in this article. Only those examples including the use of the iron materials together with hydrogen peroxide addition are included. The mechanistic aspects of homogeneous and heterogeneous Fenton processes, still under discussion, are displayed. The use of biogenic generated iron nanoparticles for removal of pollutants is discussed due to their novelty and economy of synthesis.
{"title":"An overview on heterogeneous Fenton and photoFenton reactions using zerovalent iron materials","authors":"M. Litter, M. Slodowicz","doi":"10.1515/jaots-2016-0164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jaots-2016-0164","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The basic and applied aspects of Fenton and Fenton-like processes for removal of pollutants using zerovalent iron materials, including nanoparticles, are reviewed in this article. Only those examples including the use of the iron materials together with hydrogen peroxide addition are included. The mechanistic aspects of homogeneous and heterogeneous Fenton processes, still under discussion, are displayed. The use of biogenic generated iron nanoparticles for removal of pollutants is discussed due to their novelty and economy of synthesis.","PeriodicalId":14870,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85404507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The undoped and Nd-doped TiO2 thin films were prepared on indium-tin oxide (ITO) conductive glass by sol-gel method using dip-coating technique. The crystal structure, surface morphology, composition and surface chemical state of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) , respectively. The results show that the undoped and Nd-doped TiO2 form anatase structure after calcining at 450 °C for 2 h and the crystalline size of TiO2 decreases by Nd doping. The photocurrent response of the thin films was tested by electrochemical workstation. The results show that all the Nd-doped TiO2 thin film electrodes demonstrate higher photocurrent response. The photocurrent density of Nd-doped TiO2 thin film electrodes increases at first and then decreases with the dopant concentration increasing from 0.5 at.% to 4 at.%. The maximum photocurrent density is obtained on 1 at.% Nd-doped TiO2 thin film electrode, which is 3.2 times higher than that obtained on undoped TiO2 thin film electrode. The photocatalytic activity of films was investigated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB). The results reveal that higher photocurrent causes higher photocatalytic activity. The degradation rate of 1 at.% Nd-doped TiO2 thin film increases about 60 % than that of undoped TiO2 thin film.
{"title":"Photocurrent response and photocatalytic activity of Nd-doped TiO2 thin films prepared by sol-gel method","authors":"Xiaodong Zhu, Hui-jin Song, W. Feng, Guilan Wen, Haoyu Li, Jing Zhou","doi":"10.1515/jaots-2016-0190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jaots-2016-0190","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The undoped and Nd-doped TiO2 thin films were prepared on indium-tin oxide (ITO) conductive glass by sol-gel method using dip-coating technique. The crystal structure, surface morphology, composition and surface chemical state of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) , respectively. The results show that the undoped and Nd-doped TiO2 form anatase structure after calcining at 450 °C for 2 h and the crystalline size of TiO2 decreases by Nd doping. The photocurrent response of the thin films was tested by electrochemical workstation. The results show that all the Nd-doped TiO2 thin film electrodes demonstrate higher photocurrent response. The photocurrent density of Nd-doped TiO2 thin film electrodes increases at first and then decreases with the dopant concentration increasing from 0.5 at.% to 4 at.%. The maximum photocurrent density is obtained on 1 at.% Nd-doped TiO2 thin film electrode, which is 3.2 times higher than that obtained on undoped TiO2 thin film electrode. The photocatalytic activity of films was investigated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB). The results reveal that higher photocurrent causes higher photocatalytic activity. The degradation rate of 1 at.% Nd-doped TiO2 thin film increases about 60 % than that of undoped TiO2 thin film.","PeriodicalId":14870,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78188735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The ignition process has a significant influence on the success of in-situ combustion at heavy oil reservoirs. During this process, oxidation reactions between crude oil and injected air mainly occurred. In this paper, a series of oxidation experiments were performed at different reaction temperatures and air-oil ratios to investigate the heavy oil oxidation characteristics at different stages of the ignition process. The results revealed that heat release and production of CO and CO2 were observed during the entire oxidation process, while transformation of heavy components (resins and asphaltenes) in crude oil to light components (saturates and aromatics) and production of H2S occurred at higher temperatures. The heavy oil oxidation in ignition process can be divided into three stages based on physical and chemical characteristics of the reaction, they are low-temperature oxidation, pseudo-high temperature oxidation, and high temperature oxidation, respectively.
{"title":"Oxidation characteristics of heavy crude oil in ignition process","authors":"Yifan Liu, Kai Liu","doi":"10.1515/jaots-2016-0180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jaots-2016-0180","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The ignition process has a significant influence on the success of in-situ combustion at heavy oil reservoirs. During this process, oxidation reactions between crude oil and injected air mainly occurred. In this paper, a series of oxidation experiments were performed at different reaction temperatures and air-oil ratios to investigate the heavy oil oxidation characteristics at different stages of the ignition process. The results revealed that heat release and production of CO and CO2 were observed during the entire oxidation process, while transformation of heavy components (resins and asphaltenes) in crude oil to light components (saturates and aromatics) and production of H2S occurred at higher temperatures. The heavy oil oxidation in ignition process can be divided into three stages based on physical and chemical characteristics of the reaction, they are low-temperature oxidation, pseudo-high temperature oxidation, and high temperature oxidation, respectively.","PeriodicalId":14870,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72920774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Sydorchuk, S. Khalameida, B. Charmas, J. Skubiszewska-Zięba, V. Zazhigalov, L. Davydenko
Abstract Eleven TiO2 powders as catalysts have been studied in process of safranin T degradation in aqueous medium using mechanochemical, microwave and ultrasonic techniques. The degree of degradation has been controlled by means of spectrophotometric analysis of safranin T solutions before and after treatment and total organic carbon measurements. XRD, DTA-TG and BET analysis, FTIR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry of initial and spent catalysts have been carried out for explanation of obtained results. It has been established that the catalytic activity of TiO2 under mechanochemical treatment depends on phase composition and dispersity (specific surface area). Particularly, catalytic activity of mono-phase titanias inversely depends on specific surface area of initial catalyst. Sono- and microwave catalytic degradation were less effective.
{"title":"Catalytic Degradation of Safranin T in Aqueous Medium Using Non-conventional Processes","authors":"V. Sydorchuk, S. Khalameida, B. Charmas, J. Skubiszewska-Zięba, V. Zazhigalov, L. Davydenko","doi":"10.1515/jaots-2016-0176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jaots-2016-0176","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Eleven TiO2 powders as catalysts have been studied in process of safranin T degradation in aqueous medium using mechanochemical, microwave and ultrasonic techniques. The degree of degradation has been controlled by means of spectrophotometric analysis of safranin T solutions before and after treatment and total organic carbon measurements. XRD, DTA-TG and BET analysis, FTIR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry of initial and spent catalysts have been carried out for explanation of obtained results. It has been established that the catalytic activity of TiO2 under mechanochemical treatment depends on phase composition and dispersity (specific surface area). Particularly, catalytic activity of mono-phase titanias inversely depends on specific surface area of initial catalyst. Sono- and microwave catalytic degradation were less effective.","PeriodicalId":14870,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80305431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Reduction of CO2 into useful fuels is regarded as a new way to deal with increasing CO2 emissions and its bad effects on climate. In this report, simple electrochemical oxidation-reduction method has been utilized to prepare Cu2O/polyaniline (PANI)/stainless steel composite electrode, which was identified as a contributor for CO2 reduction in an aqueous solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and cyclic voltammetry technique were carried out to characterize the as-obtained electrode. As-synthesized composite electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity. The production of formaldehyde that comes from the reduction of CO2 using Cu2O/PANI/stainless steel based electrode (Cu2O/PANI/stainless steel) in 0.1 mol/L sodium sulfate solution is 0.505 μmol·L–1·h–1 approximately.
{"title":"Electrochemical reduction of CO2 on a Cu2O/polyaniline /stainless steel based electrode","authors":"Qin Zhang, Yanping Liang","doi":"10.1515/jaots-2016-0187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jaots-2016-0187","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Reduction of CO2 into useful fuels is regarded as a new way to deal with increasing CO2 emissions and its bad effects on climate. In this report, simple electrochemical oxidation-reduction method has been utilized to prepare Cu2O/polyaniline (PANI)/stainless steel composite electrode, which was identified as a contributor for CO2 reduction in an aqueous solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and cyclic voltammetry technique were carried out to characterize the as-obtained electrode. As-synthesized composite electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity. The production of formaldehyde that comes from the reduction of CO2 using Cu2O/PANI/stainless steel based electrode (Cu2O/PANI/stainless steel) in 0.1 mol/L sodium sulfate solution is 0.505 μmol·L–1·h–1 approximately.","PeriodicalId":14870,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85980771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The removal of organic contaminants (OCs) present in surface water, underground water and effluents of industrial or household origins has always been a challenge for environmental chemistry specialists [1]. The efficiency of the selected water treatment technology as well as its cost effectiveness are basically the main factors affecting the implementation of water cleaning processes on a large scale [2]. In a very complex medium such as waste water collected from urban zones [3], conventional waste water treatments plants (WWTPs) have demonstrated to be the universal reliable and cost effective process adopted since the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. However, the presence of emerging contaminants (ECs) such as Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) [4], as well as new elected molecules such as flame retardants and other OCs [5] showed significant resistance to the conventional biological treatment because of their chemical structure frequently containing halo-atoms e. g. Cl, Br making their assimilation by bacteria more challenging [6]. Accordingly, tertiary treatments have been introduced as an efficient solution in order to improve the removal of residual OCs and more specifically ECs from water allowing its multiple post-use as for agricultural purposes or more importantly for groundwater recharge. The most common tertiary treatments so far used to tackle recalcitrant water micro-contaminants are the Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) based on the use of powerful oxidants such as ozone [7], hydrogen peroxide (HP) [8] and more recently persulfate (PS) [9]. AOPs are very popular within the scientific community since they are capable of destroying OCs rather than displacing contaminants on an adsorbant or into a membrane. The process can even reach, under well controlled conditions, partial to full mineralization of contaminants into carbon dioxide and water. However, the reaction stoichiometric efficiency (RSE) defined as the number of moles of contaminant degraded over the number of moles of oxidants consumed is highly affected by the presence of other interfering species [10]. Methods for optimization of the RSE in AOPs systems has always been a challenge. Accordingly, AOPs are in permanent need of additional investigations and remain among the most attractive contaminants’ degradation techniques worldwide. This is well reflected in most of the international organized conferences, symposia and scientific meetings on water treatment technology where AOPs-related themes are always given special attention. This special issue of the journal of advanced oxidation technologies contains 27 research articles investigating the use of AOPs and their application to a variety of OCs, ECs as well as some PPCPs. It also encloses a comprehensive review on the development and improvement of one of the most investigated AOPs in the literature e. g. the Fenton’s process operating in either homogeneous or heterogeneous medium. Special a
{"title":"Editorial: The importance of advanced oxidation processes in degrading persistent pollutants","authors":"A. Ghauch","doi":"10.1515/jaots-2016-0197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jaots-2016-0197","url":null,"abstract":"The removal of organic contaminants (OCs) present in surface water, underground water and effluents of industrial or household origins has always been a challenge for environmental chemistry specialists [1]. The efficiency of the selected water treatment technology as well as its cost effectiveness are basically the main factors affecting the implementation of water cleaning processes on a large scale [2]. In a very complex medium such as waste water collected from urban zones [3], conventional waste water treatments plants (WWTPs) have demonstrated to be the universal reliable and cost effective process adopted since the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. However, the presence of emerging contaminants (ECs) such as Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) [4], as well as new elected molecules such as flame retardants and other OCs [5] showed significant resistance to the conventional biological treatment because of their chemical structure frequently containing halo-atoms e. g. Cl, Br making their assimilation by bacteria more challenging [6]. Accordingly, tertiary treatments have been introduced as an efficient solution in order to improve the removal of residual OCs and more specifically ECs from water allowing its multiple post-use as for agricultural purposes or more importantly for groundwater recharge. The most common tertiary treatments so far used to tackle recalcitrant water micro-contaminants are the Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) based on the use of powerful oxidants such as ozone [7], hydrogen peroxide (HP) [8] and more recently persulfate (PS) [9]. AOPs are very popular within the scientific community since they are capable of destroying OCs rather than displacing contaminants on an adsorbant or into a membrane. The process can even reach, under well controlled conditions, partial to full mineralization of contaminants into carbon dioxide and water. However, the reaction stoichiometric efficiency (RSE) defined as the number of moles of contaminant degraded over the number of moles of oxidants consumed is highly affected by the presence of other interfering species [10]. Methods for optimization of the RSE in AOPs systems has always been a challenge. Accordingly, AOPs are in permanent need of additional investigations and remain among the most attractive contaminants’ degradation techniques worldwide. This is well reflected in most of the international organized conferences, symposia and scientific meetings on water treatment technology where AOPs-related themes are always given special attention. This special issue of the journal of advanced oxidation technologies contains 27 research articles investigating the use of AOPs and their application to a variety of OCs, ECs as well as some PPCPs. It also encloses a comprehensive review on the development and improvement of one of the most investigated AOPs in the literature e. g. the Fenton’s process operating in either homogeneous or heterogeneous medium. Special a","PeriodicalId":14870,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89634851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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