Molecular markers are an important tool for plant breeding. Since the 1980s, in response to the technology development, molecular marker approaches have been further diversified. The establishment of new-generation sequencing and high-throughput plant phenotyping has greatly decreased the time to genotype large numbers of individuals. For breeders who are not very familiar with molecular techniques and want to catch up with the advances in the field, this review offers basic knowledge. Each molecular marker technology has specific advantages as well as limitations. Molecular marker types, diversity studies, QTL mapping, associative mapping, marker-assisted backcrossing and genomic selection are explored. Marker application in plant breeding is also described. In the genome, molecular markers can detect the genetic architecture of a trait, but also identify candidate genes with an important role in plant breeding programs.
{"title":"Molecular Markers in Plant Breeding","authors":"L. L. Benchimol-Reis","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n3p58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n3p58","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular markers are an important tool for plant breeding. Since the 1980s, in response to the technology development, molecular marker approaches have been further diversified. The establishment of new-generation sequencing and high-throughput plant phenotyping has greatly decreased the time to genotype large numbers of individuals. For breeders who are not very familiar with molecular techniques and want to catch up with the advances in the field, this review offers basic knowledge. Each molecular marker technology has specific advantages as well as limitations. Molecular marker types, diversity studies, QTL mapping, associative mapping, marker-assisted backcrossing and genomic selection are explored. Marker application in plant breeding is also described. In the genome, molecular markers can detect the genetic architecture of a trait, but also identify candidate genes with an important role in plant breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89094009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Suryani, R. A. Hendrawan, Mudjahidin Mudjahidin, D. Damanhuri, I. Muhandhis, Alifia Az-Zahra, Shuo Yan-Chou, Much Rony, Akhmad Jani Masyhudi
Mismanagement of soil nutrients, poor site selection of loose soil, steep slopes for agriculture, parallel contour plowing, ground cover removal, and slash-and-burn contribute to soil degradation and erosion. Therefore, developing strategies and policies related to improving productivity, production, and better resource management is important to achieve a sustainable agriculture system. This paper aims to provide an analytical model of the agriculture system to increase productivity and production through sustainable resource management. System dynamics (SD) modeling was used to model the relationships between significant variables in improving land productivity, production, and sustainable resource management. SD can accommodate complexity and nonlinearity in real systems. Increasing resource management is required to achieve a sustainable agriculture system. Better resource management can be done using superior seeds according to location, balanced fertilization, and the application of plant-based pesticides. Productivity depends on water availability, rainfall, temperature, seed quality, the effect of the Jajar Legowo planting system, pest and disease control, soil nutrients, and soil fertility. Rice production is affected by milled rice production, rendement, and lost seeds.
{"title":"Agriculture System Modeling to Increase Productivity and Production Through Sustainable Resource Management","authors":"E. Suryani, R. A. Hendrawan, Mudjahidin Mudjahidin, D. Damanhuri, I. Muhandhis, Alifia Az-Zahra, Shuo Yan-Chou, Much Rony, Akhmad Jani Masyhudi","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n2p10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n2p10","url":null,"abstract":"Mismanagement of soil nutrients, poor site selection of loose soil, steep slopes for agriculture, parallel contour plowing, ground cover removal, and slash-and-burn contribute to soil degradation and erosion. Therefore, developing strategies and policies related to improving productivity, production, and better resource management is important to achieve a sustainable agriculture system. This paper aims to provide an analytical model of the agriculture system to increase productivity and production through sustainable resource management. System dynamics (SD) modeling was used to model the relationships between significant variables in improving land productivity, production, and sustainable resource management. SD can accommodate complexity and nonlinearity in real systems. Increasing resource management is required to achieve a sustainable agriculture system. Better resource management can be done using superior seeds according to location, balanced fertilization, and the application of plant-based pesticides. Productivity depends on water availability, rainfall, temperature, seed quality, the effect of the Jajar Legowo planting system, pest and disease control, soil nutrients, and soil fertility. Rice production is affected by milled rice production, rendement, and lost seeds.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81641840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hannah E. Symington, N. Soltani, Allan C. Kaastra, D. Hooker, D. Robinson, P. Sikkema
Documented 6-way (Groups 2, 4, 5, 9, 14, and 27) and 5-way (Groups 2, 5, 9, 14, and 27) multiple-herbicide-resistant (MHR) waterhemp have been confirmed in the US and Canada, respectively causing corn and soybean yield losses > 70%. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of acetochlor application timing and rate on non-emerged MHR waterhemp control in corn and soybean. Acetochlor is not yet registered in Canada, but it could be useful component of an integrated MHR waterhemp control program. Two studies, one in corn and one in soybean, were conducted in southwestern Ontario, Canada from 2020 to 2022. Three rates of acetochlor were applied preplant (PP), preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) to non-emerged waterhemp. In corn, acetochlor [Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC)] applied at 1,225, 2,100 and 2,950 g ai ha-1 controlled MHR waterhemp 81, 85, and 90%, respectively, at 8 weeks after POST application (WAC). Acetochlor EC applied POST or PRE provided better control than when applied PP at 4, 8, and 12 WAC. In soybean, acetochlor [Capsule suspension (CS)] applied at 1,050, 1,375, and 1,700 g ai ha-1 controlled MHR waterhemp 63, 70, and 74%, respectively, at 8 WAC. The timing of acetochlor CS application did not affect MHR waterhemp control. Acetochlor applied at the low, medium, and high rate reduced waterhemp density by 87, 89, and 92% in corn, and by 82, 84, and 87% in soybean, respectively. The high rate of acetochlor provides acceptable control of MHR waterhemp in corn; control in soybean was inadequate.
{"title":"Impact of Acetochlor Rate and Application Timing on Multiple-Herbicide-Resistant Waterhemp Control in Corn and Soybean","authors":"Hannah E. Symington, N. Soltani, Allan C. Kaastra, D. Hooker, D. Robinson, P. Sikkema","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n2p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n2p1","url":null,"abstract":"Documented 6-way (Groups 2, 4, 5, 9, 14, and 27) and 5-way (Groups 2, 5, 9, 14, and 27) multiple-herbicide-resistant (MHR) waterhemp have been confirmed in the US and Canada, respectively causing corn and soybean yield losses > 70%. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of acetochlor application timing and rate on non-emerged MHR waterhemp control in corn and soybean. Acetochlor is not yet registered in Canada, but it could be useful component of an integrated MHR waterhemp control program. Two studies, one in corn and one in soybean, were conducted in southwestern Ontario, Canada from 2020 to 2022. Three rates of acetochlor were applied preplant (PP), preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) to non-emerged waterhemp. In corn, acetochlor [Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC)] applied at 1,225, 2,100 and 2,950 g ai ha-1 controlled MHR waterhemp 81, 85, and 90%, respectively, at 8 weeks after POST application (WAC). Acetochlor EC applied POST or PRE provided better control than when applied PP at 4, 8, and 12 WAC. In soybean, acetochlor [Capsule suspension (CS)] applied at 1,050, 1,375, and 1,700 g ai ha-1 controlled MHR waterhemp 63, 70, and 74%, respectively, at 8 WAC. The timing of acetochlor CS application did not affect MHR waterhemp control. Acetochlor applied at the low, medium, and high rate reduced waterhemp density by 87, 89, and 92% in corn, and by 82, 84, and 87% in soybean, respectively. The high rate of acetochlor provides acceptable control of MHR waterhemp in corn; control in soybean was inadequate.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88876862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seaweeds, also known as macroalgae are marine plants used widely as food and applied in other food allied industries, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and agrochemical industries. Their production has increased over the years with advancement in identification and cultivation of different seaweed species. Over the years seaweeds have been explored as a food due to their nutrition value and bioactive compounds that are beneficial to human nutrition and health. With this principle, seaweeds can also be used as feed ingredient in aqua feeds especially due to the fact that it is a source of omega-3 and hence can be used as an alternative to fish oil whose supply has declined. Studies have shown that polyunsaturated fatty acids which are important in fish nutrition can account for about 50% of total fatty acids in seaweeds. In addition to being a good source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, seaweeds provide protein and minerals, vitamins. They are also characterized with high levels of protein rich in all the amino acids relative to some higher plant-based protein crops like soya bean. This review, therefore, aims to look at the potential of seaweed as an aqua feed ingredient with the emphasis on the nutritional characteristics.
{"title":"Potential for Use of Seaweed as a Fish Feed Ingredient: A Review","authors":"Rachel Mwendwa, Michael Wawire, P. Kahenya","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n2p96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n2p96","url":null,"abstract":"Seaweeds, also known as macroalgae are marine plants used widely as food and applied in other food allied industries, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and agrochemical industries. Their production has increased over the years with advancement in identification and cultivation of different seaweed species. Over the years seaweeds have been explored as a food due to their nutrition value and bioactive compounds that are beneficial to human nutrition and health. With this principle, seaweeds can also be used as feed ingredient in aqua feeds especially due to the fact that it is a source of omega-3 and hence can be used as an alternative to fish oil whose supply has declined. Studies have shown that polyunsaturated fatty acids which are important in fish nutrition can account for about 50% of total fatty acids in seaweeds. In addition to being a good source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, seaweeds provide protein and minerals, vitamins. They are also characterized with high levels of protein rich in all the amino acids relative to some higher plant-based protein crops like soya bean. \u0000 \u0000This review, therefore, aims to look at the potential of seaweed as an aqua feed ingredient with the emphasis on the nutritional characteristics.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90808386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. García-Saldaña, M. Castañeda-Chávez, A. Pérez-Vázquez, J. P. Martínez-Dávila, E. Carrillo-Ávila
Twenty prototypes of Venturi-type fertilizer injectors for low-pressure agricultural irrigation systems were designed based on functional hydraulic pressure head and variation of their structural designs. These prototypes were modelled in three dimensions (3D) and evaluated using simulation through Computational Fluid Dynamics software (CFD). The main structural design characteristics come from a real necessity to complement an low pressure multigate irrigation system project named in Spanish “El Manzano” (The Apple tree) and bring it the fertigation possibility. The aim of this research was to select the best prototype, in order to identify the convergent and divergent angles, throat diameter and hydraulic pressure head to efficiently produce a Venturi-type injector for use in gated-irrigation pipe irrigation systems for use in a future in “El Manzano” project. As a result of the simulations, the physical characteristics of the injector were defined. The inlet and outlet diameters should be 152.4 mm, the throat diameter 76.2 mm and the suction diameter of 50.8 mm. The convergent and divergent angles showing most improved performances were 7.5 and 10°, respectively. This methodology can be used to construct Venturi-type fertilizer injectors for low-pressure gated-pipe agricultural irrigation systems, which, on one side, can reduce significantly the fertilizer application costs and, on the other side, the fertilizer management efficiency can be also improve considerably to save water resources. There is relatively very little experience in using this type of fertilizer injectors in low-pressure irrigation systems.
{"title":"Design of Venturi-Type Fertilizer Injectors to Low-Pressure Irrigation Systems","authors":"A. García-Saldaña, M. Castañeda-Chávez, A. Pérez-Vázquez, J. P. Martínez-Dávila, E. Carrillo-Ávila","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n2p25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n2p25","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty prototypes of Venturi-type fertilizer injectors for low-pressure agricultural irrigation systems were designed based on functional hydraulic pressure head and variation of their structural designs. These prototypes were modelled in three dimensions (3D) and evaluated using simulation through Computational Fluid Dynamics software (CFD). The main structural design characteristics come from a real necessity to complement an low pressure multigate irrigation system project named in Spanish “El Manzano” (The Apple tree) and bring it the fertigation possibility. The aim of this research was to select the best prototype, in order to identify the convergent and divergent angles, throat diameter and hydraulic pressure head to efficiently produce a Venturi-type injector for use in gated-irrigation pipe irrigation systems for use in a future in “El Manzano” project. As a result of the simulations, the physical characteristics of the injector were defined. The inlet and outlet diameters should be 152.4 mm, the throat diameter 76.2 mm and the suction diameter of 50.8 mm. The convergent and divergent angles showing most improved performances were 7.5 and 10°, respectively. This methodology can be used to construct Venturi-type fertilizer injectors for low-pressure gated-pipe agricultural irrigation systems, which, on one side, can reduce significantly the fertilizer application costs and, on the other side, the fertilizer management efficiency can be also improve considerably to save water resources. There is relatively very little experience in using this type of fertilizer injectors in low-pressure irrigation systems.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88541035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Purnomosidhi, Iskak Nugky Ismawan, M. Surgana, A. Prahmono
The intraspecific and interspecific suitability of five species as rootstocks for the vegetative propagation of petai (Parkia speciosa, Hassak.) was tested in a two-step study testing budwood and top grafting methods. Stage 1 used rootstock of lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala), flamboyant (Delonix regia) and petai (as a control). The results showed that the petai-lamtoro and petai-flamboyant graft combinations all died within two weeks of grafting. The petai-petai combination demonstrated 25% survival one month after grafting. Stage 2 again tested lamtoro and petai (as a control), as well as sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) and kedawung (Parkia timoriana) as rootstocks. Similar to Stage 1 results, the petai-lamtoro and petai-sengon combinations suffered 100% mortality two weeks after grafting. The petai-kedawung and petai-petai combinations demonstrated 40% and 50% survival, respectively, one month after grafting. Based on results it is concluded that kedawung and petai are suitable rootstocks for petai scion with the budwood and top grafting methods, but lamtoro, sengon and flamboyant are incompatible. Examination during the study indicated that grafts of the dead specimen were discoloured and dried. Furthermore, all the species in the study have thin cambiums that are sensitive to high temperature, low humidity and desiccation. Recommendations are provided to reduce the vulnerability of petai grafts to desiccation during scion harvesting, pre-grafting nursery management, grafting operations and post-grafting management. An alternative for multiplying small numbers of high-yielding petai individuals and varieties is suggested.
{"title":"Interspecific and Intraspecific Rootstock Suitability for Vegetative Propagation of Petai (Parkia speciosa, Hassak.)","authors":"P. Purnomosidhi, Iskak Nugky Ismawan, M. Surgana, A. Prahmono","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n2p50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n2p50","url":null,"abstract":"The intraspecific and interspecific suitability of five species as rootstocks for the vegetative propagation of petai (Parkia speciosa, Hassak.) was tested in a two-step study testing budwood and top grafting methods. Stage 1 used rootstock of lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala), flamboyant (Delonix regia) and petai (as a control). The results showed that the petai-lamtoro and petai-flamboyant graft combinations all died within two weeks of grafting. The petai-petai combination demonstrated 25% survival one month after grafting. Stage 2 again tested lamtoro and petai (as a control), as well as sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) and kedawung (Parkia timoriana) as rootstocks. Similar to Stage 1 results, the petai-lamtoro and petai-sengon combinations suffered 100% mortality two weeks after grafting. The petai-kedawung and petai-petai combinations demonstrated 40% and 50% survival, respectively, one month after grafting. Based on results it is concluded that kedawung and petai are suitable rootstocks for petai scion with the budwood and top grafting methods, but lamtoro, sengon and flamboyant are incompatible. Examination during the study indicated that grafts of the dead specimen were discoloured and dried. Furthermore, all the species in the study have thin cambiums that are sensitive to high temperature, low humidity and desiccation. Recommendations are provided to reduce the vulnerability of petai grafts to desiccation during scion harvesting, pre-grafting nursery management, grafting operations and post-grafting management. An alternative for multiplying small numbers of high-yielding petai individuals and varieties is suggested.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78509629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcos A. Ferreira Agüero, P. S. Cremonez, P. Neves
The Neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros, is the most important sucking pest of soybean crops, quantitatively and qualitatively affecting grain and seed. This study aimed to determine mouthpart deformities, feeding inhibition, and E. heros nymphs’ mortality when in contact with insect growth disruptors (IGDs). The effects of two insecticides of the chitin biosynthesis inhibitor group (CBIs), lufenuron and diflubenzuron, and the juvenile hormone analog pyriproxyfen were tested in the laboratory. CBI application promoted mouthpart deformities, feeding inhibition, alteration of metamorphosis, and mortality of E. heros nymphs. Although pyriproxyfen did not cause mouthpart deformation, it caused certain mortality for nymphs, possibly due to physiological disorders. Lufenuron caused feed inhibition and mortality in less time when compared with diflubenzuron and pyriproxyfen. It was also more toxic to 4th instar nymphs. The insecticides, when used in higher concentrations, increased nymph’s mortality in less time. Nymphs with deformed mouthparts were unable to feed and died. All IGDs in the tested concentrations caused 100% mortality and prevented adult formation.
{"title":"Insect Growth Disruptors Cause Mouthpart Malformations, Inhibition of Feeding, and Mortality in the Neotropical Brown Stink Bug Euschistus heros (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)","authors":"Marcos A. Ferreira Agüero, P. S. Cremonez, P. Neves","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n2p40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n2p40","url":null,"abstract":"The Neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros, is the most important sucking pest of soybean crops, quantitatively and qualitatively affecting grain and seed. This study aimed to determine mouthpart deformities, feeding inhibition, and E. heros nymphs’ mortality when in contact with insect growth disruptors (IGDs). The effects of two insecticides of the chitin biosynthesis inhibitor group (CBIs), lufenuron and diflubenzuron, and the juvenile hormone analog pyriproxyfen were tested in the laboratory. CBI application promoted mouthpart deformities, feeding inhibition, alteration of metamorphosis, and mortality of E. heros nymphs. Although pyriproxyfen did not cause mouthpart deformation, it caused certain mortality for nymphs, possibly due to physiological disorders. Lufenuron caused feed inhibition and mortality in less time when compared with diflubenzuron and pyriproxyfen. It was also more toxic to 4th instar nymphs. The insecticides, when used in higher concentrations, increased nymph’s mortality in less time. Nymphs with deformed mouthparts were unable to feed and died. All IGDs in the tested concentrations caused 100% mortality and prevented adult formation.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85893040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. M. Santos, Ricardo Francischini, V. Cantão, Raquel de Sousa Neta, C. B. Santos, R. Tavares, Kamila Lobato Moraes, Jordana Fátima Moraes Carvalho, G. O. Santos, W. Peres
Fertilization management is one of the agricultural practices that demand high investment. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the economic viability of using combinations of fertilizers applied to soybean and corn cultivated in succession in Goiás Savanna soil. The experiment was carried out in the field, in randomized blocks. The fertilization management consisted of the combination of monoammonium phosphate fertilizers; urea; 08:40:00 +9.3%S and 3.2% Ca; simple superphosphate; potassium chloride; elemental sulfur; polyhalite (37% K2O + 9.2% S, 5.8% Ca and 1.7% Mg) and polyhalite S (14% K2O + 19.2% S, 12% Ca and 3.6% Mg) which were applied in soybean sowing and evaluated the residual effect on corn. The economic assessment took into account crop productivity and fertilizer prices in the 2018/2019 agricultural year. For each treatment, the operating cost (COi) and profitability indicators were calculated: gross revenue (GRi); net revenue (NRi); profitability index (PITi); equilibrium production (Yei) and equilibrium price (Pei). Crop productivity was not influenced by fertilizer management, showing that economic indicators can help producers choose the management with the best return and that adjusts to the financial situation of the rural company. Thus, it is concluded that the management of MAP + KCl fertilization was economically outstanding in soybean cultivation and the MAP/S + KCl applied to soybeans, associated with nitrogen fertilization in corn coverage was the most viable for off-season corn. The economic indicators showed that the MAP+KCl fertilization performed on soybean, associated with urea in corn coverage, is the most viable management system for the soybean-corn production system cultivated in succession.
{"title":"Economic Feasibility of Management of Fertilization in the Soybean-Corn System Cultivated in Succession","authors":"J. M. Santos, Ricardo Francischini, V. Cantão, Raquel de Sousa Neta, C. B. Santos, R. Tavares, Kamila Lobato Moraes, Jordana Fátima Moraes Carvalho, G. O. Santos, W. Peres","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n2p71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n2p71","url":null,"abstract":"Fertilization management is one of the agricultural practices that demand high investment. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the economic viability of using combinations of fertilizers applied to soybean and corn cultivated in succession in Goiás Savanna soil. The experiment was carried out in the field, in randomized blocks. The fertilization management consisted of the combination of monoammonium phosphate fertilizers; urea; 08:40:00 +9.3%S and 3.2% Ca; simple superphosphate; potassium chloride; elemental sulfur; polyhalite (37% K2O + 9.2% S, 5.8% Ca and 1.7% Mg) and polyhalite S (14% K2O + 19.2% S, 12% Ca and 3.6% Mg) which were applied in soybean sowing and evaluated the residual effect on corn. The economic assessment took into account crop productivity and fertilizer prices in the 2018/2019 agricultural year. For each treatment, the operating cost (COi) and profitability indicators were calculated: gross revenue (GRi); net revenue (NRi); profitability index (PITi); equilibrium production (Yei) and equilibrium price (Pei). Crop productivity was not influenced by fertilizer management, showing that economic indicators can help producers choose the management with the best return and that adjusts to the financial situation of the rural company. Thus, it is concluded that the management of MAP + KCl fertilization was economically outstanding in soybean cultivation and the MAP/S + KCl applied to soybeans, associated with nitrogen fertilization in corn coverage was the most viable for off-season corn. The economic indicators showed that the MAP+KCl fertilization performed on soybean, associated with urea in corn coverage, is the most viable management system for the soybean-corn production system cultivated in succession.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86185516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rodrigo Antonio Pereira Junior, A. Ruschel, D. C. L. Costa, Dennys Chrystian Pinto Pereira, Ulisses Sidnei da Conceição Silva
Vouacapoua americana Aublet was classified as endangered in 2013 and its extraction banned in 2014. Forest management allows conservation and sustainable production, but, for this, knowledge of diameter distribution is fundamental. This study aimed to characterize and analyze diameter distribution patterns of the species at different sites in the Brazilian Amazon. Data on trees with diameter ≥ 10 cm were acquired from continuous forest in permanent sample plots and preharvest forest inventories (PHFIs) of nine forest management areas. Absolute density, diameter distribution, and De Liocourt quotient (q) were calculated. Diameter distributions were fitted by a linearized Meyer type I distribution function, and the similarity between distributions was analyzed by the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test (H-test). The species showed high density (6.31 to 25.55 trees/ha). Mensrured diameters ranged from 10.00 to 127.32 cm. A decreasing behavior was observed in all diameter distributions, with few discontinuous distributions and mostly truncated distributions. The De Liocourt quotient (q) did not show constancy or proximity, with values ranging from 0.4 to 23.48. Diameter distributions did not differ by the Kruskal-Wallis test (H = 15.45, p = 0.3479). Diameter distributions fitted by the Meyer model resulted in an inverted “J”-like curve. The diameter structure showed a high density of individuals, a decreasing distribution from smaller to larger diameter classes, a characteristic inverted “J” pattern, and unbalanced diameter distributions.
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