Limited information exists on the efficacy of pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil, fluroxypyr/halauxifen-methyl + MCPA EHE, and clopyralid applied in the fall, spring, or sequentially [fall followed by (fb) spring] for the control of multiple-herbicide-resistant (MHR) Canada fleabane in winter wheat under Ontario environmental conditions. Three field experiments were initiated in the autumn of 2020 and 2021 for a total of 6 site-years to evaluate fall- and spring-applied herbicides and their sequential applications for the control of MHR Canada fleabane in winter wheat in Ontario. Pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil applied in the fall, spring, or sequentially controlled MHR Canada fleabane 83, 99, and 100%, respectively at 8 weeks after the spring application (WAB); the spring and sequential applications provided better control than the fall application. Fluroxypyr/halauxifen + MCPA and clopyralid applied in the fall, spring, or sequentially controlled MHR Canada fleabane 97 to 100% and 99 to 100%, respectively at 8 WAB. Based on orthogonal contrasts the spring and sequential herbicide applications provided greater control than the fall application (8 WAB). MHR Canada fleabane interference reduced winter wheat yield up to 27% in this study. Based on orthogonal contrasts reduced MHR Canada fleabane interference with the fall application resulted in 17% higher winter wheat yield than when herbicide application was delayed to the spring. Although MHR Canada fleabane was controlled very effectively with clopyralid winter wheat yield was lower, presumably due to crop injury; this observation will have to be explored further in future research. Results from this study indicate that pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil and fluroxypyr/halauxifen + MCPA applied in the fall can be used to effectively control MHR Canada fleabane and minimize winter wheat yield loss due to weed interference.
{"title":"Control of Multiple-Herbicide-Resistant Canada Fleabane With Fall, Spring, and Sequential Herbicide Applications in Winter Wheat","authors":"N. Soltani, C. Shropshire, P. Sikkema","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n5p17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n5p17","url":null,"abstract":"Limited information exists on the efficacy of pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil, fluroxypyr/halauxifen-methyl + MCPA EHE, and clopyralid applied in the fall, spring, or sequentially [fall followed by (fb) spring] for the control of multiple-herbicide-resistant (MHR) Canada fleabane in winter wheat under Ontario environmental conditions. Three field experiments were initiated in the autumn of 2020 and 2021 for a total of 6 site-years to evaluate fall- and spring-applied herbicides and their sequential applications for the control of MHR Canada fleabane in winter wheat in Ontario. Pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil applied in the fall, spring, or sequentially controlled MHR Canada fleabane 83, 99, and 100%, respectively at 8 weeks after the spring application (WAB); the spring and sequential applications provided better control than the fall application. Fluroxypyr/halauxifen + MCPA and clopyralid applied in the fall, spring, or sequentially controlled MHR Canada fleabane 97 to 100% and 99 to 100%, respectively at 8 WAB. Based on orthogonal contrasts the spring and sequential herbicide applications provided greater control than the fall application (8 WAB). MHR Canada fleabane interference reduced winter wheat yield up to 27% in this study. Based on orthogonal contrasts reduced MHR Canada fleabane interference with the fall application resulted in 17% higher winter wheat yield than when herbicide application was delayed to the spring. Although MHR Canada fleabane was controlled very effectively with clopyralid winter wheat yield was lower, presumably due to crop injury; this observation will have to be explored further in future research. Results from this study indicate that pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil and fluroxypyr/halauxifen + MCPA applied in the fall can be used to effectively control MHR Canada fleabane and minimize winter wheat yield loss due to weed interference.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83308147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcos V. M. Machado, M. Maggi, A. M. M. Hachisuca, E. Mercante, Franciléia O. Silva
Monitoring weather conditions during soybean cultivation is essential in agricultural planning. The variation of these conditions, such as temperature, precipitation, relative humidity and soil moisture directly influence the productive performance of crop.With this, the objective of the work was to verify the effects of weather conditions on the soybean yield, carrying out the survey of the minimum, maximum and average temperature and the total precipitation during the cultivation of the soybean and collecting the data of productivity reached in the agricultural harvests of 2017/2018, 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 of soybeans in a commercial area with 15.5 ha, located in the Céu Azul City, Paraná State, Brazil. Regarding the results for the three soybean harvests, the air temperature remained adequate for the development of the crop in most of the cycle. And the values observed for precipitation indicated the occurrence of well-distributed rainfall in the 2019/2020 harvest, and in the 2017/2018 harvest there was irregular rainfall distribution, however there were no periods without precipitation. However, the large precipitation deficit occurred in the 2018/2019 harvest, where the lack of rain occurred in 28 days, between 12/03/2018 and 12/30/2018, indicating a drought in this period. The soybean yield obtained in the area in the 2019/2020 harvest was 3.727 t ha-1, higher than the other two soybean harvests, being that 2018/2019 harvest reaching the lowest value, 2.394 t ha-1, indicating the influence of the weather in the soyben yield achieved.
监测大豆种植期间的天气状况对农业规划至关重要。温度、降水、相对湿度和土壤水分等条件的变化直接影响作物的生产性能。为此，该研究的目的是验证天气条件对大豆产量的影响，对大豆种植期间的最低、最高、平均温度和总降水量进行调查，并收集巴西帕拉南州c苏阿祖尔市15.5公顷商业区域2017/2018、2018/2019和2019/2020年大豆农业收获的生产力数据。就三次大豆收获结果而言，在大部分周期内，气温保持适宜作物生长。降水量观测值显示2019/2020收获期降水分布均匀，2017/2018收获期降水分布不规律，但无降水期。然而，在2018/2019收获季出现了大量降水不足，在2018年3月12日至2018年12月30日期间，有28天出现了降雨不足，表明这一时期出现了干旱。该地区2019/2020收获期大豆单产3.727 t ha-1，高于其他两个收获期，其中2018/2019收获期达到最低值2.394 t ha-1，说明天气对大豆单产的影响。
{"title":"Regional Weather Variations and Yields Achieved in Soybean Crops","authors":"Marcos V. M. Machado, M. Maggi, A. M. M. Hachisuca, E. Mercante, Franciléia O. Silva","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n5p10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n5p10","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring weather conditions during soybean cultivation is essential in agricultural planning. The variation of these conditions, such as temperature, precipitation, relative humidity and soil moisture directly influence the productive performance of crop.With this, the objective of the work was to verify the effects of weather conditions on the soybean yield, carrying out the survey of the minimum, maximum and average temperature and the total precipitation during the cultivation of the soybean and collecting the data of productivity reached in the agricultural harvests of 2017/2018, 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 of soybeans in a commercial area with 15.5 ha, located in the Céu Azul City, Paraná State, Brazil. Regarding the results for the three soybean harvests, the air temperature remained adequate for the development of the crop in most of the cycle. And the values observed for precipitation indicated the occurrence of well-distributed rainfall in the 2019/2020 harvest, and in the 2017/2018 harvest there was irregular rainfall distribution, however there were no periods without precipitation. However, the large precipitation deficit occurred in the 2018/2019 harvest, where the lack of rain occurred in 28 days, between 12/03/2018 and 12/30/2018, indicating a drought in this period. The soybean yield obtained in the area in the 2019/2020 harvest was 3.727 t ha-1, higher than the other two soybean harvests, being that 2018/2019 harvest reaching the lowest value, 2.394 t ha-1, indicating the influence of the weather in the soyben yield achieved.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82111862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Leiva, S. M. Santana‐Gomes, M. T. Silva, A. Zabini, L. M. G. Velázquez, C. R. Dias-Arieira
Nematodes cause great damage to soybean crops in Paraguay. Studies have investigated correlations between phytonematodes and soil chemical and physical properties, but little is known about correlations with the nutritional status of soybean crops. This study aimed to assess correlations between Pratylenchus, Meloidogyne, soil chemical properties, soil texture, and the nutritional status of soybean. The experiment was carried out in Paraguay in areas of commercial soybean cultivation infested with nematodes, totaling 83 collection sites. Analyses of nematodes in soil and root samples, chemical characterization of soil acidity, fertility, and texture, and chemical characterization of soybean leaves were performed, totaling 36 variables. Data were subjected to principal component analysis. Soil Al3+ favored the development of Pratylenchus populations. Organic carbon negatively influenced Meloidogyne. K+ and Mg2+ negatively affected Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne, respectively. Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne correlated negatively with clay contents. In sandy soils, there was a negative correlation between Pratylenchus and sand content. Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne led to an increase in foliar Ca and a decrease in foliar P. Soil fertility management can be used as part of the integrated management of Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne. It is worth mentioning that, in field studies, the complexity of biotic and abiotic factors in the crop system may contribute to diverging results, making it difficult to establish a single response pattern, especially when some factors affect others.
{"title":"Correlations Between Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne Populations, Soil Chemical Properties, Soil Texture, and Nutritional Status of Soybean Crops in Paraguay","authors":"N. Leiva, S. M. Santana‐Gomes, M. T. Silva, A. Zabini, L. M. G. Velázquez, C. R. Dias-Arieira","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n5p78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n5p78","url":null,"abstract":"Nematodes cause great damage to soybean crops in Paraguay. Studies have investigated correlations between phytonematodes and soil chemical and physical properties, but little is known about correlations with the nutritional status of soybean crops. This study aimed to assess correlations between Pratylenchus, Meloidogyne, soil chemical properties, soil texture, and the nutritional status of soybean. The experiment was carried out in Paraguay in areas of commercial soybean cultivation infested with nematodes, totaling 83 collection sites. Analyses of nematodes in soil and root samples, chemical characterization of soil acidity, fertility, and texture, and chemical characterization of soybean leaves were performed, totaling 36 variables. Data were subjected to principal component analysis. Soil Al3+ favored the development of Pratylenchus populations. Organic carbon negatively influenced Meloidogyne. K+ and Mg2+ negatively affected Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne, respectively. Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne correlated negatively with clay contents. In sandy soils, there was a negative correlation between Pratylenchus and sand content. Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne led to an increase in foliar Ca and a decrease in foliar P. Soil fertility management can be used as part of the integrated management of Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne. It is worth mentioning that, in field studies, the complexity of biotic and abiotic factors in the crop system may contribute to diverging results, making it difficult to establish a single response pattern, especially when some factors affect others.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90044459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mourad Rezig, Neserine Ben Yahia, M. Allani, H. Bahrouni, A. Sahli, Mohamed Ali Ben Abdallah
This study was carried out in Cherfech Tunisia, at the experimental station of the National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests (INRGREF) during the growing season 2015. The main objectives are quantifying and valuing the Water consumption (WC) and Water Use Efficiency of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), under saline water irrigation at different concentrations (T0 = 1.2 dS m-1, T1 = 9.2 dS m-1 and T2 = 18 dS m-1). The TDM decreased from 6.7 to 13.4% due to the increase in the salt concentration of the irrigation water from 9.2 to 18 dS m-1. A reduction of 9.8 to 12.6% was marked for treatments T1 and T2. Also, the WUE PR-anthesis has registered a decrease of 8 and 12.5% respectively for T1 (WUEPR = 10.3 kg m-3) and T2 (WUEPR = 9.8 kg m-3) compared with the control T0 (WUEPR =11.2 kg m-3). However, irrigation water salinity showed no effect on the WUE post-anthesis T0 and T1 (WUEPS = 3 kg m-3). Nevertheless, a decrease about 15% was recorded in the T2 (WUEPS = 2.5 kg m-3). At harvest, the highest, WUETDM (5.43 kg m-3) was recorded under T0. However, the lowest WUETDM (5 kg m-3) was marked under T2; a decline of 7.9% was marked. Besides, the uppermost WUEGY (2.09 kg m-3) was recorded under T0. However, the smallest amount of WUEGY (1.1 kg m-3) was recorded under T2. A lessen of 47.4% was manifested on WUEGY due to the height reduction on yield in the T2.
本研究于2015年生长季节在突尼斯切尔费赫国家农村工程、水和森林研究所(INRGREF)实验站进行。主要目的是量化和评估不同浓度(T0 = 1.2 dS - m-1, T1 = 9.2 dS - m-1和T2 = 18 dS - m-1)盐水灌溉下藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)的耗水量(WC)和水分利用效率。灌溉水含盐量从9.2 dS - m-1增加到18 dS - m-1, TDM从6.7下降到13.4%。T1和T2治疗显著降低了9.8 ~ 12.6%。与对照对照(WUEPR =11.2 kg m-3)相比，T1 (WUEPR = 10.3 kg m-3)和T2 (WUEPR = 9.8 kg m-3)的WUE开花率分别下降了8%和12.5%。灌溉水盐度对花后WUE T0和T1 (WUEPS = 3 kg m-3)无显著影响。然而，T2下降了约15% (WUEPS = 2.5 kg m-3)。收获时，T0下WUETDM最高，为5.43 kg m-3。而WUETDM在T2时最低(5 kg m-3);下降了7.9%。T0时最高WUEGY为2.09 kg m-3。而在T2下，WUEGY的量最小，为1.1 kg m-3。WUEGY由于T2植株高度降低导致产量下降47.4%。
{"title":"Impact of Saline Water Irrigation (SWI) on Water Use Efficiency of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Under Tunisian Semi-arid Conditions","authors":"Mourad Rezig, Neserine Ben Yahia, M. Allani, H. Bahrouni, A. Sahli, Mohamed Ali Ben Abdallah","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n5p57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n5p57","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out in Cherfech Tunisia, at the experimental station of the National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests (INRGREF) during the growing season 2015. The main objectives are quantifying and valuing the Water consumption (WC) and Water Use Efficiency of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), under saline water irrigation at different concentrations (T0 = 1.2 dS m-1, T1 = 9.2 dS m-1 and T2 = 18 dS m-1). The TDM decreased from 6.7 to 13.4% due to the increase in the salt concentration of the irrigation water from 9.2 to 18 dS m-1. A reduction of 9.8 to 12.6% was marked for treatments T1 and T2. Also, the WUE PR-anthesis has registered a decrease of 8 and 12.5% respectively for T1 (WUEPR = 10.3 kg m-3) and T2 (WUEPR = 9.8 kg m-3) compared with the control T0 (WUEPR =11.2 kg m-3). However, irrigation water salinity showed no effect on the WUE post-anthesis T0 and T1 (WUEPS = 3 kg m-3). Nevertheless, a decrease about 15% was recorded in the T2 (WUEPS = 2.5 kg m-3). At harvest, the highest, WUETDM (5.43 kg m-3) was recorded under T0. However, the lowest WUETDM (5 kg m-3) was marked under T2; a decline of 7.9% was marked. Besides, the uppermost WUEGY (2.09 kg m-3) was recorded under T0. However, the smallest amount of WUEGY (1.1 kg m-3) was recorded under T2. A lessen of 47.4% was manifested on WUEGY due to the height reduction on yield in the T2.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83000514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study investigates the predatory relationship between the firefly larvae (Aspisoma ignitum) and the giant African snail (Achatina fulica). The principal objective of this study was to examine the specific predator responsiveness of the firefly larvae against the giant African snails under experimental conditions. This was evaluated using two (2) treatments T1 and T2. T1 investigated giant African snail neonates of size 0.5 cm with a larva to snail ratio of 1:5. In T2, larvae to snail ratio of 3:1 was investigated using 2 cm giant African snail neonates. Control treatments were included in the experimental design with the absence of the larvae. Each treatment was replicated five (5) times. There were 100 % mortality effects for T1 and T2. Commonalities existed in both the spatial and the temporal characteristics to possibly consider the firefly larvae as an idealistic and highly compatible predator for the giant African snail neonates. Ecological engineering strategies to encourage the presence of the firefly will aid in suppressing the giant African snail population. The study concludes that the firefly larvae can be a possible predator for the control of the giant African snail once the firefly populations are encouraged in both crop and non-crop spaces.
{"title":"Examining the Predatory Relationship Between the Indigenous Firefly (Aspisoma ignitum) and the Invasive Giant African Snail (Achatina fulica) in Trinidad, West Indies","authors":"M. Ramdwar, Jesse Harripersad, Shastri Badal","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n5p47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n5p47","url":null,"abstract":"The current study investigates the predatory relationship between the firefly larvae (Aspisoma ignitum) and the giant African snail (Achatina fulica). The principal objective of this study was to examine the specific predator responsiveness of the firefly larvae against the giant African snails under experimental conditions. This was evaluated using two (2) treatments T1 and T2. T1 investigated giant African snail neonates of size 0.5 cm with a larva to snail ratio of 1:5. In T2, larvae to snail ratio of 3:1 was investigated using 2 cm giant African snail neonates. Control treatments were included in the experimental design with the absence of the larvae. Each treatment was replicated five (5) times. There were 100 % mortality effects for T1 and T2. Commonalities existed in both the spatial and the temporal characteristics to possibly consider the firefly larvae as an idealistic and highly compatible predator for the giant African snail neonates. Ecological engineering strategies to encourage the presence of the firefly will aid in suppressing the giant African snail population. The study concludes that the firefly larvae can be a possible predator for the control of the giant African snail once the firefly populations are encouraged in both crop and non-crop spaces.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90084493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research is an introduction to the combined nutrient of mineral salts by Silicon sulfonated with S8 through aerial organs of the Alfalfa plant. This type of combined nutrition by S8 is called “Matrix Nutrition”. This experiment was launched in October 2022 to study the effect of S8 on increasing the yield of fresh and dry fodder and the percentage of Alfalfa protein content using combined nutrition or Matrix Nutrition on the aerial organ of Alfalfa plant in the condition of interruption of irrigation at the end of the growing season in Moghan region, Ardabil province in Iran. The experiment was carried out in 2 plots, each one being one-hectare land. (In the first plot, S8 was applied for 5 litres per 1000 litres of water in the growth stages as foliar spraying after each crop harvest. No S8 was applied in the second plot.) The 5th and 6th harvests coincided with a dry season in this region and no irrigation was applied in this experiment for the 5th and 6th harvests. Both plots were only irrigated similarly for 1st to 4th harvest. The results obtained from a total of 5 harvests of the Hamedani Variant Alfalfa plant in the Control Plot and 6 harvests of the Hamedani Variant Alfalfa plant in the Experiment Plot indicated the highest yield in the 1st plot treated with S8 in terms of fresh and dry fodder, percentage of dry materials of fodder and protein content with a significant difference of 1% and 5% compared to Control Plot. The difference between the two plots was: fresh fodder 11,610 Kgs/Hectare, i.e., 91.27% higher yield, dry fodder 4,099 Kgs/Hectare, i.e., 140.95% higher yield, increase in dry material percentage for 5.99% and higher protein content of fodder for 1.59% which indicated a significant positive effect of application of S8 nutrient solution as foliar spraying on the increase of yield in fresh and dry fodder in the growing season and specifically at the time of thermal tension (specifically on 2nd and 4th harvest in control plot on June and August) and interruption of irrigation at the end of growth season (5th and 6th harvest of experiment plot).
本研究通过苜蓿植物的空气器官，介绍了硅磺酸盐与S8对无机盐的复合营养化。S8的这种组合营养被称为“基质营养”。本试验于2022年10月在伊朗阿达比勒省Moghan地区启动，研究生长季末中断灌溉条件下，S8对苜蓿植株空中器官使用组合营养或基质营养提高鲜、干饲料产量和苜蓿蛋白质含量百分比的影响。试验分2个样地进行，每个样地1公顷。(在第一块田，每1000升水在生长阶段施用5升S8，在每次作物收获后叶面喷洒。第二个地块采用No . S8。)本试验五、六收正值该地区旱季，五、六收均不灌水。两个地块仅在第1至第4次收获时进行相同的灌溉。对照区哈米达尼变种苜蓿5次收获和试验区哈米达尼变种苜蓿6次收获的结果表明，S8处理第1块在鲜料和干料、饲料干料百分比和蛋白质含量方面的产量最高，与对照区相比差异显著，分别为1%和5%。两幅图的不同之处在于:鲜饲料11,610 kg /公顷，增产91.27%;干饲料4,099 kg /公顷，增产140.95%;增加干物质比例为5.99%和更高的饲料蛋白质含量为1.59%,显示应用程序的一个重要积极影响S8营养液的叶面喷洒在新鲜和干饲料产量的增加在生长季节,特别是热张力的时候(特别是在2日和4日收获6月和8月在控制图)和中断的灌溉成长季节的末尾(实验5日和6日收获阴谋)。
{"title":"Investigation of the Effect of Thermal Tension in Hot Seasons and Interruption of Irrigation at the End of the Growth Season by Silicon Nutrient Solution Sulfonated With S8 Elemental Sulfur on Fresh and Dry Fodder Yield and Protein Content of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)","authors":"Sayad Parastar Anzabi, Parviz Shirinzaheh Giglou, Elham Parastar Anzabi, Davoud Hasanpanah, Karamat Akhavan Giglou","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n5p40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n5p40","url":null,"abstract":"This research is an introduction to the combined nutrient of mineral salts by Silicon sulfonated with S8 through aerial organs of the Alfalfa plant. This type of combined nutrition by S8 is called “Matrix Nutrition”. This experiment was launched in October 2022 to study the effect of S8 on increasing the yield of fresh and dry fodder and the percentage of Alfalfa protein content using combined nutrition or Matrix Nutrition on the aerial organ of Alfalfa plant in the condition of interruption of irrigation at the end of the growing season in Moghan region, Ardabil province in Iran. The experiment was carried out in 2 plots, each one being one-hectare land. (In the first plot, S8 was applied for 5 litres per 1000 litres of water in the growth stages as foliar spraying after each crop harvest. No S8 was applied in the second plot.) The 5th and 6th harvests coincided with a dry season in this region and no irrigation was applied in this experiment for the 5th and 6th harvests. Both plots were only irrigated similarly for 1st to 4th harvest. The results obtained from a total of 5 harvests of the Hamedani Variant Alfalfa plant in the Control Plot and 6 harvests of the Hamedani Variant Alfalfa plant in the Experiment Plot indicated the highest yield in the 1st plot treated with S8 in terms of fresh and dry fodder, percentage of dry materials of fodder and protein content with a significant difference of 1% and 5% compared to Control Plot. The difference between the two plots was: fresh fodder 11,610 Kgs/Hectare, i.e., 91.27% higher yield, dry fodder 4,099 Kgs/Hectare, i.e., 140.95% higher yield, increase in dry material percentage for 5.99% and higher protein content of fodder for 1.59% which indicated a significant positive effect of application of S8 nutrient solution as foliar spraying on the increase of yield in fresh and dry fodder in the growing season and specifically at the time of thermal tension (specifically on 2nd and 4th harvest in control plot on June and August) and interruption of irrigation at the end of growth season (5th and 6th harvest of experiment plot).","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136340154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rhizobia symbiotic interactions with legumes fix atmospheric nitrogen into the soil, which is essential in amending the characteristically low-nitrogen soils in most farming communities in northern Ghana. A high potential for improvement of Bambara groundnuts production in low-nitrogen soils is by the exploitation of colonization of the plant roots with rhizobial inoculation. This experiment sought to isolate Legume Nodulating Bacteria (LNB) obtained from root nodules of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) plants and to identify effective strains for improved production of the crop. Roots nodules of Bambara plants used in this study were obtained from preserved plants and the isolates were authenticated for their symbiotic effectiveness under screen house conditions. Nodulation of the isolates was examined in plastic pots containing sterile river sand and test crop (Bambara seeds). The experiment included reference strains, a positive nitrogen control and an un-inoculated control. The results were obtained after two months of data collection. The difference in results was explained via nodulation capacity. Out of the two isolates obtained, 2CL showed a high nodulation capability, rating it as highly effective. The outcome of this study provides stakeholders with the prospect for the use of effective isolates as inoculants to improve Bambara groundnut yield in general and in northern Ghana in particular.
{"title":"Isolation of Rhizobia From the Nodules of Bambara Groundnuts for Inoculant Production","authors":"A. M. Imoro, Jonas Pobee, F. Akabanda","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n4p47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n4p47","url":null,"abstract":"Rhizobia symbiotic interactions with legumes fix atmospheric nitrogen into the soil, which is essential in amending the characteristically low-nitrogen soils in most farming communities in northern Ghana. A high potential for improvement of Bambara groundnuts production in low-nitrogen soils is by the exploitation of colonization of the plant roots with rhizobial inoculation. This experiment sought to isolate Legume Nodulating Bacteria (LNB) obtained from root nodules of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) plants and to identify effective strains for improved production of the crop. Roots nodules of Bambara plants used in this study were obtained from preserved plants and the isolates were authenticated for their symbiotic effectiveness under screen house conditions. Nodulation of the isolates was examined in plastic pots containing sterile river sand and test crop (Bambara seeds). The experiment included reference strains, a positive nitrogen control and an un-inoculated control. The results were obtained after two months of data collection. The difference in results was explained via nodulation capacity. Out of the two isolates obtained, 2CL showed a high nodulation capability, rating it as highly effective. The outcome of this study provides stakeholders with the prospect for the use of effective isolates as inoculants to improve Bambara groundnut yield in general and in northern Ghana in particular.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84750577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emily Duenk, N. Soltani, Robert T. Miller, D. Hooker, D. Robinson, P. Sikkema
Weed interference from glyphosate/glufosinate-resistant (GGR) volunteer corn can reduce soybean yield and quality. The recent release of glyphosate/glufosinate/2,4-D choline (GG2)-resistant soybean will allow for expanded POST herbicide mixture options for broad-spectrum weed control. Herbicide antagonism between ACCase-inhibiting graminicides and synthetic auxin herbicides has been confirmed for various grass weed species, including volunteer corn. Field experiments (total of 4) were carried out in 2021 and 2022 in southwestern Ontario to assess volunteer corn control with combinations of glufosinate, 2,4-D choline, or dicamba plus clethodim or quizalofop-p-ethyl applied POST to GG2-resistant soybean. Quizalofop-p-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl + glufosinate controlled GGR volunteer corn 95 and 98%, respectively, 6 weeks after application (WAA); adding 2,4-D choline or dicamba to quizalofop-p-ethyl reduced control to ≤ 15%. Clethodim controlled GGR volunteer corn 81%, and the addition of glufosinate increased control to 97%; the co-application of 2,4-D choline or dicamba with clethodim reduced GGR volunteer corn control to 58 and 45%, respectively at 6 WAA. ACCase-inhibiting herbicides co-applied with glufosinate resulted in a synergistic improvement in GGR volunteer corn control while co-applications with synthetic auxin herbicides resulted in an antagonistic decrease in GGR volunteer corn control. Greater antagonism occurred when the synthetic auxin herbicides were co-applied with quizalofop-p-ethyl than clethodim. All mixtures of quizalofop-p-ethyl or clethodim with 2,4-D or dicamba resulted in unacceptable control of GGR volunteer corn.
{"title":"Synergistic and Antagonistic Herbicide Interactions for Control of Volunteer Corn in Glyphosate/Glufosinate/2,4-D-Resistant Soybean","authors":"Emily Duenk, N. Soltani, Robert T. Miller, D. Hooker, D. Robinson, P. Sikkema","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n4p27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n4p27","url":null,"abstract":"Weed interference from glyphosate/glufosinate-resistant (GGR) volunteer corn can reduce soybean yield and quality. The recent release of glyphosate/glufosinate/2,4-D choline (GG2)-resistant soybean will allow for expanded POST herbicide mixture options for broad-spectrum weed control. Herbicide antagonism between ACCase-inhibiting graminicides and synthetic auxin herbicides has been confirmed for various grass weed species, including volunteer corn. Field experiments (total of 4) were carried out in 2021 and 2022 in southwestern Ontario to assess volunteer corn control with combinations of glufosinate, 2,4-D choline, or dicamba plus clethodim or quizalofop-p-ethyl applied POST to GG2-resistant soybean. Quizalofop-p-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl + glufosinate controlled GGR volunteer corn 95 and 98%, respectively, 6 weeks after application (WAA); adding 2,4-D choline or dicamba to quizalofop-p-ethyl reduced control to ≤ 15%. Clethodim controlled GGR volunteer corn 81%, and the addition of glufosinate increased control to 97%; the co-application of 2,4-D choline or dicamba with clethodim reduced GGR volunteer corn control to 58 and 45%, respectively at 6 WAA. ACCase-inhibiting herbicides co-applied with glufosinate resulted in a synergistic improvement in GGR volunteer corn control while co-applications with synthetic auxin herbicides resulted in an antagonistic decrease in GGR volunteer corn control. Greater antagonism occurred when the synthetic auxin herbicides were co-applied with quizalofop-p-ethyl than clethodim. All mixtures of quizalofop-p-ethyl or clethodim with 2,4-D or dicamba resulted in unacceptable control of GGR volunteer corn.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81949499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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