Limited information exists on the impact of the addition of 28% urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) to 2,4-D, applied preplant (PP) to soybean, on the control of multiple-herbicide-resistant (MHR) Canada fleabane. A total of five field experiments were conducted over a two-year period (2020, 2021) in southwestern Ontario to determine if MHR Canada fleabane control with 2,4-D ester applied PP can be improved by adding UAN to the spray solution. Glyphosate + 2,4-D ester applied PP with various rates of UAN caused no soybean injury. The control of MHR Canada fleabane decreased when UAN was added to the spray solution, especially at higher rates evaluated. At 4 weeks after treatment (WAT), the predicted percent UAN concentration in the spray solution that caused a 5, 10, 20, or 50% decrease in MHR Canada fleabane control was 12, 17, 25, and 52%, respectively. At 8 WAT, the predicted percent UAN concentration that caused a 5, 10, 20, or 50% decrease in MHR Canada fleabane control was 10, 13, 18, and 33%, respectively. At 8 WAT, the predicted percent UAN concentration that caused a 5 and 10% increase in MHR Canada fleabane density was 36 and 73%, respectively. At 8 WAT, the predicted percent UAN concentration that caused a 5, 10, 20, or 50% increase in MHR Canada fleabane biomass was 2, 4, 8, and 19%, respectively. The predicted percent UAN concentration that caused a 5, 10, and 20% decrease in soybean yield was 1, 3, and 12%, respectively. This study concludes that the addition of 28% UAN, especially at the higher concentration, to 2,4-D ester reduces control and increases the density and biomass of MHR Canada fleabane.
{"title":"The Impact of the Addition of Urea Ammonium Nitrate to 2,4-D on the Control of Multiple-Herbicide-Resistant Canada Fleabane","authors":"N. Soltani, C. Shropshire, P. Sikkema","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n6p68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n6p68","url":null,"abstract":"Limited information exists on the impact of the addition of 28% urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) to 2,4-D, applied preplant (PP) to soybean, on the control of multiple-herbicide-resistant (MHR) Canada fleabane. A total of five field experiments were conducted over a two-year period (2020, 2021) in southwestern Ontario to determine if MHR Canada fleabane control with 2,4-D ester applied PP can be improved by adding UAN to the spray solution. Glyphosate + 2,4-D ester applied PP with various rates of UAN caused no soybean injury. The control of MHR Canada fleabane decreased when UAN was added to the spray solution, especially at higher rates evaluated. At 4 weeks after treatment (WAT), the predicted percent UAN concentration in the spray solution that caused a 5, 10, 20, or 50% decrease in MHR Canada fleabane control was 12, 17, 25, and 52%, respectively. At 8 WAT, the predicted percent UAN concentration that caused a 5, 10, 20, or 50% decrease in MHR Canada fleabane control was 10, 13, 18, and 33%, respectively. At 8 WAT, the predicted percent UAN concentration that caused a 5 and 10% increase in MHR Canada fleabane density was 36 and 73%, respectively. At 8 WAT, the predicted percent UAN concentration that caused a 5, 10, 20, or 50% increase in MHR Canada fleabane biomass was 2, 4, 8, and 19%, respectively. The predicted percent UAN concentration that caused a 5, 10, and 20% decrease in soybean yield was 1, 3, and 12%, respectively. This study concludes that the addition of 28% UAN, especially at the higher concentration, to 2,4-D ester reduces control and increases the density and biomass of MHR Canada fleabane.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73334556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The world is demanding more protein for human consumption-increasing amounts of plant proteins are being used to meet this increasing demand. It has been estimated that global plant-based alternative protein market could swell to $162 billion in the next decade from $29.4 billion in 2020 and every tenth portion of meat, eggs, and dairy eaten around the globe by 2035 could be derived from plant proteins. White lupin (Lupinus albus L.), a legume, has been researched in Virginia for several years which has resulted in development of several winter-hardy and high yielding lines. However, concentrations of protein and relative concentrations of various amino acids in seeds of these lines are not known. Therefore, objective of this study was to characterize protein in winter-hardy lupin lines. Seeds of five winter-hardy white lupin lines grown during 2020-2021 contained about 51% protein as compared to literature values of about 35 and 24% protein in soybean and winter pea seeds, respectively. Concentrations of nine essential amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, phenylalanine, and histidine) in lupin seed varied from 1.25 to 1.41, 1.98 to 2.51, 1.12 to 1.60, 0.21 to 0.27, 1.03 to 1.28, 0.25 to 0.30, 1.22 to 1.40, 1.14 to 1.28, and 0.69 to 0.79, respectively. These concentrations compared quite well with those in soybean and winter pea seed. These results indicate that white lupin has considerable potential to meet alternative plant protein needs of manufactures and consumers.
{"title":"White Lupin as a New Crop for Plant Proteins","authors":"Henrina Torbo, H. Bhardwaj","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n6p124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n6p124","url":null,"abstract":"The world is demanding more protein for human consumption-increasing amounts of plant proteins are being used to meet this increasing demand. It has been estimated that global plant-based alternative protein market could swell to $162 billion in the next decade from $29.4 billion in 2020 and every tenth portion of meat, eggs, and dairy eaten around the globe by 2035 could be derived from plant proteins. White lupin (Lupinus albus L.), a legume, has been researched in Virginia for several years which has resulted in development of several winter-hardy and high yielding lines. However, concentrations of protein and relative concentrations of various amino acids in seeds of these lines are not known. Therefore, objective of this study was to characterize protein in winter-hardy lupin lines. Seeds of five winter-hardy white lupin lines grown during 2020-2021 contained about 51% protein as compared to literature values of about 35 and 24% protein in soybean and winter pea seeds, respectively. Concentrations of nine essential amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, phenylalanine, and histidine) in lupin seed varied from 1.25 to 1.41, 1.98 to 2.51, 1.12 to 1.60, 0.21 to 0.27, 1.03 to 1.28, 0.25 to 0.30, 1.22 to 1.40, 1.14 to 1.28, and 0.69 to 0.79, respectively. These concentrations compared quite well with those in soybean and winter pea seed. These results indicate that white lupin has considerable potential to meet alternative plant protein needs of manufactures and consumers.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89034540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to find an effective control method against Helixanthera mannii (Oliv) Danser, parasite of agroecosystems in the northern part of the city of Yaoundé, a study of the myrmecofauna associated with this plant was carried out in an orchard of Oboa in Soa district. The total parasitism rate by Helixanthera mannii Danser was 20.43% for the entire orchard. 168 ants belonging to 12 species including ten genera and four subfamilies were collected from unparasitized and parasitized host individuals of Theobroma cacao. 86 ants belonging to two subfamilies were collected from selected branches of Helixanthera mannii from parasitized cocoa trees, namely Formicinae (Camponotus flavomarginatus) and Myrmicinae (Crematogaster (oxygyne) sp., Crematogaster (decacrema) sp. and Cataulacus sp. ) or 58.14% of the myrmecofauna during the flowering of this Loranthaceae and 41.86% during its fruiting. The ants of the genus Crematogaster proved to be the most active and abundant, i.e., 76.83% on non-parasitized hosts and 93.03% on hosts parasitized by Theobroma cacao by Helixanthera mannii. Crematogaster (oxygyne) sp. had an occupancy rate of 69.77% followed by Crematogaster (decacrema) sp. with 23.26% or 93.03% of the myrmecofauna recorded during the flowering and fruiting of Helixanthera mannii. Crematogaster (oxygyne) sp. proved to be the most active ant on these hosts. Note that the dominant ant status recognized for ants of the genus Crematogaster and their foraging activity on the flowers and fruits of Helixanthera mannii can contribute to the reduction of these parasitisms.
{"title":"Ecology of Myrmecofauna (Genus: Crematogaster) Associated to Helixanthera mannii (Oliv.) Danser (Loranthaceae) to Cocoa Trees in Oboa: Center Region of Cameroon, Africa","authors":"Luc B. C. Yebga, R. Mony, S. Dibong","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n6p113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n6p113","url":null,"abstract":"In order to find an effective control method against Helixanthera mannii (Oliv) Danser, parasite of agroecosystems in the northern part of the city of Yaoundé, a study of the myrmecofauna associated with this plant was carried out in an orchard of Oboa in Soa district. The total parasitism rate by Helixanthera mannii Danser was 20.43% for the entire orchard. 168 ants belonging to 12 species including ten genera and four subfamilies were collected from unparasitized and parasitized host individuals of Theobroma cacao. 86 ants belonging to two subfamilies were collected from selected branches of Helixanthera mannii from parasitized cocoa trees, namely Formicinae (Camponotus flavomarginatus) and Myrmicinae (Crematogaster (oxygyne) sp., Crematogaster (decacrema) sp. and Cataulacus sp. ) or 58.14% of the myrmecofauna during the flowering of this Loranthaceae and 41.86% during its fruiting. The ants of the genus Crematogaster proved to be the most active and abundant, i.e., 76.83% on non-parasitized hosts and 93.03% on hosts parasitized by Theobroma cacao by Helixanthera mannii. Crematogaster (oxygyne) sp. had an occupancy rate of 69.77% followed by Crematogaster (decacrema) sp. with 23.26% or 93.03% of the myrmecofauna recorded during the flowering and fruiting of Helixanthera mannii. Crematogaster (oxygyne) sp. proved to be the most active ant on these hosts. Note that the dominant ant status recognized for ants of the genus Crematogaster and their foraging activity on the flowers and fruits of Helixanthera mannii can contribute to the reduction of these parasitisms.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73429013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trehalose has been used in the foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics industries due to its multifunctional properties. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of trehalose as a partial replacement of sugar on the physicochemical properties of the brown rice tofu during storage. As a result, the L* values for the brown rice tofu without trehalose addition and with the application of 1% trehalose decreased significantly with the passage of the storage day. In contrast, 10% trehalose replacement provided a marked positive effect on the color retention of the brown rice tofu, especially whiteness index, suggesting the prevention of the browning of the brown rice tofu. The water content of the brown rice tofu with incorporation of 10% trehalose was significantly high when compared with other tested brown rice tofu after 7 days of storage, resulting in suppression of the hardening of the brown rice tofu. In addition, the incorporation of trehalose could be suppressed the microbial growth on the brown rice tofu. This study proved that a partial replacement of sugar with trehalose, especially 10% trehalose, could be beneficial on the prevention of the quality degradation and improvement of the shelf life, such as prevention of the browning and suppression of the hardening and microbial growth of the brown rice tofu during storage.
{"title":"Impact of Trehalose as a Partial Replacement of Sugar on Physicochemical Properties of Brown Rice Tofu during Storage","authors":"Shihoko Tamai, M. Saito, T. Nagai","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n6p30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n6p30","url":null,"abstract":"Trehalose has been used in the foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics industries due to its multifunctional properties. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of trehalose as a partial replacement of sugar on the physicochemical properties of the brown rice tofu during storage. As a result, the L* values for the brown rice tofu without trehalose addition and with the application of 1% trehalose decreased significantly with the passage of the storage day. In contrast, 10% trehalose replacement provided a marked positive effect on the color retention of the brown rice tofu, especially whiteness index, suggesting the prevention of the browning of the brown rice tofu. The water content of the brown rice tofu with incorporation of 10% trehalose was significantly high when compared with other tested brown rice tofu after 7 days of storage, resulting in suppression of the hardening of the brown rice tofu. In addition, the incorporation of trehalose could be suppressed the microbial growth on the brown rice tofu. This study proved that a partial replacement of sugar with trehalose, especially 10% trehalose, could be beneficial on the prevention of the quality degradation and improvement of the shelf life, such as prevention of the browning and suppression of the hardening and microbial growth of the brown rice tofu during storage.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79905990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Hassanpanah, Sayad Parastar Anzabi, Parviz Shirinzadeh Giglou, A. Gorji, Elham Parastar Anzabi, Hossein Hassanpanah, Y. J. Jelodar, Fatemeh Parastar Anzabi, Morteza Shadbahr
The goal of this study is to increase the tuber yield of potato cultivars by using of nutrient solution of sulfonated silicon with S8 sulfur element and to choose the most suitable method of using the nutrient solution under water deficit stress and normal conditions. This study was performed based on a split factorial experimental design in three replications in Ardabil Potato Research Station, IRAN in 2022. The main factor includes three levels of irrigation (100, 75, and 50% of plant usable water); the second factor includes foliar spraying with a nutrient solution in four stages of plant growth [(1) Tuber formation; (2) Tuber bulking; (3) Tuber formation and tuber bulking; (4) Control (Without nutritional solution)] and the third factor included three potato varieties (Agria, Rona and Takta). A nutrient solution of Sulfonated silicon with S8sulfur element was used for 5 liters per thousand of water. During the growth period, plant height, main stem number per plant, tuber number and weight per plant, tuber yield and water use efficiency were measured. The results showed that foliar spraying with a nutrient solution of sulfonated silicon with S-8 sulfur element amount 5 liters per thousand of water in the stages of tuber formation and tuber bulking increased tuber yield and water use efficiency under normal conditions (100% of plant usable water) about 14.24 ton per hectare and 2.44 kg/m3, under mild stress condition (75% of plant usable water) about 7.04 ton per hectare and 1.61 kg/m3 and under severe stress condition (50% of plant usable water) about 5.50 ton per hectare and 1.89 kg/m3, respectively. The use of the nutrient solution of sulfonated silicon with S8 sulfur element amount 5liters per thousand of water in the stages of tuber formation and tuber bulking increased tuber yield and its components and water use efficiency under normal, mild and severe conditions.
本研究的目的是利用S8硫元素磺化硅营养液提高马铃薯块茎产量，并在水分亏缺胁迫和正常条件下选择最适宜的营养液使用方法。本研究采用分离析因试验设计，于2022年在伊朗阿达比尔马铃薯研究站进行3个重复试验。主要因素包括三个灌溉水平(100%、75%和50%的植物可用水);第二个因素包括在植物生长的四个阶段叶面喷洒营养液[(1)块茎形成;(2)块茎膨胀;(3)块茎形成和块茎膨大;(4)对照(无营养液)和第三因素包括3个马铃薯品种(Agria、Rona和Takta)。用含有s8硫元素的磺化硅营养液，每千水5升。在生育期测定株高、单株主茎数、单株块茎数和块茎重、块茎产量和水分利用效率。结果表明:在块茎形成期和块茎膨大期叶面喷施含S-8硫元素的磺化硅营养液5升/千水，可提高块茎产量和水分利用效率，正常条件下(100%植株可用水分)分别提高14.24 t /公顷和2.44 kg/m3;轻度胁迫条件下(占植物可用水的75%)约7.04吨/公顷和1.61公斤/立方米，重度胁迫条件下(占植物可用水的50%)约5.50吨/公顷和1.89公斤/立方米。在块茎形成和块茎膨大阶段，在正常、轻度和重度条件下，使用含S8硫元素5升/千水的磺化硅营养液，可提高块茎产量及其组分和水分利用效率。
{"title":"The Effect of Matrix Nutrition by Sulfonated Silicon With S8 on Tuber Yield and Its Components of Potato Cultivars Under Water Deficit Stress Condition","authors":"D. Hassanpanah, Sayad Parastar Anzabi, Parviz Shirinzadeh Giglou, A. Gorji, Elham Parastar Anzabi, Hossein Hassanpanah, Y. J. Jelodar, Fatemeh Parastar Anzabi, Morteza Shadbahr","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n6p99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n6p99","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this study is to increase the tuber yield of potato cultivars by using of nutrient solution of sulfonated silicon with S8 sulfur element and to choose the most suitable method of using the nutrient solution under water deficit stress and normal conditions. This study was performed based on a split factorial experimental design in three replications in Ardabil Potato Research Station, IRAN in 2022. The main factor includes three levels of irrigation (100, 75, and 50% of plant usable water); the second factor includes foliar spraying with a nutrient solution in four stages of plant growth [(1) Tuber formation; (2) Tuber bulking; (3) Tuber formation and tuber bulking; (4) Control (Without nutritional solution)] and the third factor included three potato varieties (Agria, Rona and Takta). A nutrient solution of Sulfonated silicon with S8sulfur element was used for 5 liters per thousand of water. During the growth period, plant height, main stem number per plant, tuber number and weight per plant, tuber yield and water use efficiency were measured. The results showed that foliar spraying with a nutrient solution of sulfonated silicon with S-8 sulfur element amount 5 liters per thousand of water in the stages of tuber formation and tuber bulking increased tuber yield and water use efficiency under normal conditions (100% of plant usable water) about 14.24 ton per hectare and 2.44 kg/m3, under mild stress condition (75% of plant usable water) about 7.04 ton per hectare and 1.61 kg/m3 and under severe stress condition (50% of plant usable water) about 5.50 ton per hectare and 1.89 kg/m3, respectively. The use of the nutrient solution of sulfonated silicon with S8 sulfur element amount 5liters per thousand of water in the stages of tuber formation and tuber bulking increased tuber yield and its components and water use efficiency under normal, mild and severe conditions.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88539561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Codjo Jacques Houndété, Faustin Y. Assongba, J. Djego
In Benin, the Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) causes severe damage to maize crop and threatens the food security of thousands of small farmers. The objectif of this study was to inventory local knowledge on the management of the Fall armyworm (FAW) by maize farmers in central Benin. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information from 1885 maize farmers in six communes in central Benin. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis and logistic regressions. Results showed that farmers consider FAW attacks as a major constraint to maize production. The common control method used by maize farmers is chemical control (90% of respondents) with synthetic products. Chemical families such as Pyrethroids, Avermectins, Neonicotinoids, Organophosphates are used. The farmers (4%) use organic products such as aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica, Jatropha curcas and Carica papaya to control FAW. Certain farmers do not used any control method for FAW. Socioeconomic characteristics such as area planted, age, experience in maize production, farmer’s organization membership, level of education, gender, and income level of the farmer significantly determine (p < 0.05) the type of control method used against FAW. These factors should be taken into account by extension programs. Extension services can use farmers in these socio-economic categories as innovators to spread new and more effective control methods against Fall armyworm.
{"title":"Characterization of Control Methods for Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) in the Maize (Zea mays L.) Cropping Systems in Central Benin","authors":"Codjo Jacques Houndété, Faustin Y. Assongba, J. Djego","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n5p93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n5p93","url":null,"abstract":"In Benin, the Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) causes severe damage to maize crop and threatens the food security of thousands of small farmers. The objectif of this study was to inventory local knowledge on the management of the Fall armyworm (FAW) by maize farmers in central Benin. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information from 1885 maize farmers in six communes in central Benin. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis and logistic regressions. Results showed that farmers consider FAW attacks as a major constraint to maize production. The common control method used by maize farmers is chemical control (90% of respondents) with synthetic products. Chemical families such as Pyrethroids, Avermectins, Neonicotinoids, Organophosphates are used. The farmers (4%) use organic products such as aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica, Jatropha curcas and Carica papaya to control FAW. Certain farmers do not used any control method for FAW. Socioeconomic characteristics such as area planted, age, experience in maize production, farmer’s organization membership, level of education, gender, and income level of the farmer significantly determine (p < 0.05) the type of control method used against FAW. These factors should be taken into account by extension programs. Extension services can use farmers in these socio-economic categories as innovators to spread new and more effective control methods against Fall armyworm.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87972718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Italian ryegrass [Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum (Lam.)] is a problematic C3 annual weed in winter wheat and other crops in the US, continental Europe. The objective of this research was to assess the expression profiles of herbicide target-site genes upon treatment with field rates of ALS- (e.g., chlorsulfuron), PSII- (e.g., atrazine), EPSPS- (e.g., glyphosate), and HPPD- (e.g., mesotrione) inhibitors, respectively in Italian ryegrass. Furthermore, the expression of the genes in chloroplasts that contribute to photosynthesis and CO2 assimilation was also measured in response to these herbicide treatments. LmALS was upregulated (> 3-fold) whereas LmpsbA was downregulated (> 40-fold) at 8 h after chlorsulfuron and atrazine treatments respectively. However, LmEPSPS gene expression remained similar to control levels at 8 h after glyphosate treatment. LmHPPD gene showed > 1-fold higher expression at 8 h after mesotrione treatment. LmCAB, a major component of the photosystem II light-harvesting complex, was downregulated immediately (8 h) after chlorsulfuron, atrazine, glyphosate, and mesotrione treatments respectively. Similarly, LmRubisco, was downregulated after glyphosate and mesotrione treatments. However, LmRubisco was upregulated 0.4-fold after chlorsulfuron treatment and remained unaffected after atrazine treatment. Overall, the data from this study suggest that the treatment with herbicides showed variation in expression of herbicide target genes and those that are involved in the critical photosynthetic pathway.
{"title":"Expression of Herbicide Target-Site and Chloroplastic Genes in Response to Herbicide Applications in Italian Ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum ssp. multiflorum (Lam.)]","authors":"S. Bayramov, V. Varanasi, P. Prasad, M. Jugulam","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n5p23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n5p23","url":null,"abstract":"Italian ryegrass [Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum (Lam.)] is a problematic C3 annual weed in winter wheat and other crops in the US, continental Europe. The objective of this research was to assess the expression profiles of herbicide target-site genes upon treatment with field rates of ALS- (e.g., chlorsulfuron), PSII- (e.g., atrazine), EPSPS- (e.g., glyphosate), and HPPD- (e.g., mesotrione) inhibitors, respectively in Italian ryegrass. Furthermore, the expression of the genes in chloroplasts that contribute to photosynthesis and CO2 assimilation was also measured in response to these herbicide treatments. LmALS was upregulated (> 3-fold) whereas LmpsbA was downregulated (> 40-fold) at 8 h after chlorsulfuron and atrazine treatments respectively. However, LmEPSPS gene expression remained similar to control levels at 8 h after glyphosate treatment. LmHPPD gene showed > 1-fold higher expression at 8 h after mesotrione treatment. LmCAB, a major component of the photosystem II light-harvesting complex, was downregulated immediately (8 h) after chlorsulfuron, atrazine, glyphosate, and mesotrione treatments respectively. Similarly, LmRubisco, was downregulated after glyphosate and mesotrione treatments. However, LmRubisco was upregulated 0.4-fold after chlorsulfuron treatment and remained unaffected after atrazine treatment. Overall, the data from this study suggest that the treatment with herbicides showed variation in expression of herbicide target genes and those that are involved in the critical photosynthetic pathway.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74974733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taghi Bararpour, Nicholas E. Korres, A. Miller, Worlanyo Segbefia, Varsha Singh, T. Tseng
Prickly sida (Sida spinosa), hemp sesbania (Sesbania herbacea), and pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunose) are becoming problematic weeds in many crops including corn and soybean. Two separate field experiments, under non-crop conditions, were conducted at the Mississippi State University Delta Research and Extension Center, in Stoneville, MS to evaluate the response of these weeds to eight corn selective herbicides and three non-selective herbicides alone or in combination. The herbicides used were Aatrex (atrazine), Clarity (dicamba), 2,4-D (2,4-D amine), Callisto (mesotrione), Enlist Duo (2,4-D choline + dicamba), Capreno (thiencarbazone + tembotrione), Corvus (thiencarbazone + isoxaflutole), Halex GT (mesotrione + S-metolachlor + glyphosate), Gramoxone (paraquat), Liberty (glufosinate), and Roundup (glyphosate). Halex GT provided only 86% prickly side control 4-wks after application (WAA). Aatrex + Capreno and Aatrex + Corvus were the only treatments provided 99.5% prickly sida control. Liberty, Callisto, Capreno, and Corvus provided 71, 66, and 51, and 46% control of prickly sida, respectively. Hemp sesbania control was 100% from all herbicide applications except Corvus and Roundup. Hemp sesbania control was not satisfactory from Roundup application since this treatment provided only 72% control. By 4 WAA, all herbicide treatments provided 97 to 100% on pitted morningglory control except Corvus and Capreno treatments (72 to 75%). The herbicide management program should be able to provide acceptable weed control (i.e., greater than 95%) but also to prevent weed seed deposition onto the soil seedbank. Consequently, delaying the evolution of weed herbicide resistance will result in herbicide technology preservation for as long as possible by achieving a long-term weed management program.
多刺藜(sida spinosa)、麻田葵(sesbania herbacea)和麻角牵牛花(Ipomoea lacunose)正在成为许多作物(包括玉米和大豆)中的问题杂草。在非作物条件下，在密西西比州斯通维尔的密西西比州立大学三角洲研究和推广中心进行了两次单独的田间试验，以评估这些杂草对八种玉米选择性除草剂和三种非选择性除草剂单独或联合使用的反应。所使用的除草剂有Aatrex(阿特拉津)、Clarity(麦草畏)、2,4- d (2,4- d胺)、Callisto(中三嗪)、Enlist Duo (2,4- d胆碱+麦草畏)、Capreno(硫脲+腾博三酮)、Corvus(硫脲+异草氟唑)、Halex GT(中三嗪+ s -甲草胺+草甘膦)、Gramoxone(百草枯)、Liberty(草甘膦)和Roundup(草甘膦)。Halex GT在使用后4周(WAA)仅提供86%的多刺侧控制率。Aatrex + Capreno和Aatrex + Corvus是仅有的能控制刺痛性sida达99.5%的处理。自由号、卡利斯托号、卡普雷诺号和科沃斯号分别提供了71%、66%和51%的控制，以及46%的控制。除Corvus和Roundup外，所有除草剂对田葵的防治效果均为100%。草甘膦除草剂农达对大麻田叶病的防治效果不理想，因为这种处理只提供了72%的防治效果。到4 WAA时，除Corvus和Capreno处理(72 ~ 75%)外，所有除草剂处理对晨牛花的防治效果为97 ~ 100%。除草剂管理程序应能够提供可接受的杂草控制(即大于95%)，但也要防止杂草种子沉积到土壤种子库中。因此，通过实现长期的杂草管理计划，延迟杂草除草剂抗性的进化将导致除草剂技术尽可能长时间地保存。
{"title":"Prickly Sida (Sida spinosa L.), Hemp Sesbania [Sesbania herbacea (Mill.) McVaugh], and Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunose L.) Response to Selective and Non-Selective Herbicide in Mississippi, USA","authors":"Taghi Bararpour, Nicholas E. Korres, A. Miller, Worlanyo Segbefia, Varsha Singh, T. Tseng","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n5p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n5p1","url":null,"abstract":"Prickly sida (Sida spinosa), hemp sesbania (Sesbania herbacea), and pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunose) are becoming problematic weeds in many crops including corn and soybean. Two separate field experiments, under non-crop conditions, were conducted at the Mississippi State University Delta Research and Extension Center, in Stoneville, MS to evaluate the response of these weeds to eight corn selective herbicides and three non-selective herbicides alone or in combination. The herbicides used were Aatrex (atrazine), Clarity (dicamba), 2,4-D (2,4-D amine), Callisto (mesotrione), Enlist Duo (2,4-D choline + dicamba), Capreno (thiencarbazone + tembotrione), Corvus (thiencarbazone + isoxaflutole), Halex GT (mesotrione + S-metolachlor + glyphosate), Gramoxone (paraquat), Liberty (glufosinate), and Roundup (glyphosate). Halex GT provided only 86% prickly side control 4-wks after application (WAA). Aatrex + Capreno and Aatrex + Corvus were the only treatments provided 99.5% prickly sida control. Liberty, Callisto, Capreno, and Corvus provided 71, 66, and 51, and 46% control of prickly sida, respectively. Hemp sesbania control was 100% from all herbicide applications except Corvus and Roundup. Hemp sesbania control was not satisfactory from Roundup application since this treatment provided only 72% control. By 4 WAA, all herbicide treatments provided 97 to 100% on pitted morningglory control except Corvus and Capreno treatments (72 to 75%). The herbicide management program should be able to provide acceptable weed control (i.e., greater than 95%) but also to prevent weed seed deposition onto the soil seedbank. Consequently, delaying the evolution of weed herbicide resistance will result in herbicide technology preservation for as long as possible by achieving a long-term weed management program.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76757082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mourad Rezig, Neserine Ben Yahia, M. Allani, H. Bahrouni, Mohamed Ali Ben Abdallah, A. Sahli
The impact of three level of salinity (T0 = 1.2 dS m-1, T1 = 9.2 dS m-1 and T2 = 18 dS m-1) on photosynthetically active radiation intercepted (PARabs), Radiation Use Efficiency at pre-anthesis and post-anthesis (RUEPR and RUEPS), Radiation Use Efficiency of total dry biomass (RUETDM) and Radiation Use Efficiency of Grain Yield (RUEGY) at quinoa harvest were investigated during the growing season (2015). The RUE pre-anthesis (from transplanting to anthesis) has registered a decrease of 10.8 and 15.8% respectively in T1 (RUEPR = 4.62 g MJ-1) and T2 (RUEPR = 4.36 g MJ-1) compared to the control T0 (RUEPR = 5.18 g MJ-1). Likewise, the RUE post-anthesis was reduced by 8.9 and 32.1% in T1 (RUEPS = 1.23 g MJ-1) and in T2 (RUEPS = 0.91 g MJ-1), dissimilarity to T0 (RUEPS = 1.35 g MJ-1). The maximum RUETDM (3.2 g MJ-1) was manifested in (T0). However, the minimum RUETDM (2.8 g MJ-1) was observed in T2 (S = 18 dS m-1). A decline of 16.1% was observed in RUETDM due to the reduction on TDM from T0 (S = 1.2 dS m-1) to T2 (S = 18 dS m-1). As well, the RUEGY declined when salinity increased. The highest RUEGY (1.24 g MJ-1) was registered in T0. However, the lowest RUEGY (0.62 g MJ-1) was obtained in T2. A decrease of 50% in RUEGY due to the height reduction on yield was observed in the T2.
研究了3个盐度水平(T0 = 1.2 dS - m-1、T1 = 9.2 dS - m-1和T2 = 18 dS - m-1)对藜麦收获期光合有效辐射截截量(PARabs)、花前和花后辐射利用效率(RUEPR和RUEPS)、总干生物量辐射利用效率(RUETDM)和籽粒产量辐射利用效率(RUEGY)的影响。RUE花前(从移栽到开花)T1 (RUEPR = 4.62 g MJ-1)和T2 (RUEPR = 4.36 g MJ-1)较对照T0 (RUEPR = 5.18 g MJ-1)分别下降10.8%和15.8%。同样，花后RUE在T1 (RUEPS = 1.23 g MJ-1)和T2 (RUEPS = 0.91 g MJ-1)分别减少了8.9%和32.1%，与T0 (RUEPS = 1.35 g MJ-1)不同。最大RUETDM (3.2 g MJ-1)出现在(T0)。然而，最小RUETDM (2.8 g MJ-1)出现在T2 (S = 18 dS m-1)。由于TDM从T0 (S = 1.2 dS m-1)减少到T2 (S = 18 dS m-1)， RUETDM下降了16.1%。随着盐度的增加，RUEGY也呈下降趋势。第0期RUEGY最高，为1.24 g MJ-1。然而，T2的RUEGY最低(0.62 g MJ-1)。在T2中观察到，由于高度降低对产量的影响，RUEGY降低了50%。
{"title":"Impact of Salinity on the Radiation Use Efficiency of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in Semi-arid Area in Tunisia","authors":"Mourad Rezig, Neserine Ben Yahia, M. Allani, H. Bahrouni, Mohamed Ali Ben Abdallah, A. Sahli","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n5p67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n5p67","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of three level of salinity (T0 = 1.2 dS m-1, T1 = 9.2 dS m-1 and T2 = 18 dS m-1) on photosynthetically active radiation intercepted (PARabs), Radiation Use Efficiency at pre-anthesis and post-anthesis (RUEPR and RUEPS), Radiation Use Efficiency of total dry biomass (RUETDM) and Radiation Use Efficiency of Grain Yield (RUEGY) at quinoa harvest were investigated during the growing season (2015). The RUE pre-anthesis (from transplanting to anthesis) has registered a decrease of 10.8 and 15.8% respectively in T1 (RUEPR = 4.62 g MJ-1) and T2 (RUEPR = 4.36 g MJ-1) compared to the control T0 (RUEPR = 5.18 g MJ-1). Likewise, the RUE post-anthesis was reduced by 8.9 and 32.1% in T1 (RUEPS = 1.23 g MJ-1) and in T2 (RUEPS = 0.91 g MJ-1), dissimilarity to T0 (RUEPS = 1.35 g MJ-1). The maximum RUETDM (3.2 g MJ-1) was manifested in (T0). However, the minimum RUETDM (2.8 g MJ-1) was observed in T2 (S = 18 dS m-1). A decline of 16.1% was observed in RUETDM due to the reduction on TDM from T0 (S = 1.2 dS m-1) to T2 (S = 18 dS m-1). As well, the RUEGY declined when salinity increased. The highest RUEGY (1.24 g MJ-1) was registered in T0. However, the lowest RUEGY (0.62 g MJ-1) was obtained in T2. A decrease of 50% in RUEGY due to the height reduction on yield was observed in the T2.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88505053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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