F. Silva, A. A. M. MELO FILHO, D. Schurt, I. Santos
The yellow passion fruit Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg is affected by the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae (Pereira) Dye, causing the bacterial blight disease, for which no effective bactericide is available. The use of live microorganisms in the treatment of pests have shown positive results in the control. This research sought to select bacteria residing in the passion fruit phyllosphere to function as a biocontrol agent of X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae. The selected bacteria were isolated from the passion fruit tree leaves collected in four municipalities of the state of Roraima, and thermostable compounds test and greenhouse test were performed. In total, 28 bacterial isolates were obtained. In the test with thermostable compounds, the isolates RR02, RR04, RR06, RR14, RR16, RR17, RR19, RR20, RR21, RR22, RR23, RR25, and RR27 stood out. In the greenhouse tests, the isolates RR03, RR07, RR09, RR13, RR16, RR21, and RR23 stood out. The results showed potential for the control of X. a. pv. passiflorae in in vitro and in vivo tests.
黄色百香果西番莲(Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg)受到细菌Xanthomonas axonopodis pv的影响。引起细菌性枯萎病的染料，目前尚无有效的杀菌剂。利用活微生物处理害虫已显示出积极的控制效果。本研究旨在选择寄生于百香果层球的细菌作为防虫剂。passiflorae。从罗赖马州4个城市采集的百香树叶片中分离出所选细菌，并进行了耐热化合物试验和温室试验。共分离得到28株细菌。在耐热性化合物测试中，分离物RR02、RR04、RR06、RR14、RR16、RR17、RR19、RR20、RR21、RR22、RR23、RR25和RR27表现突出。在温室试验中，分离物RR03、RR07、RR09、RR13、RR16、RR21和RR23表现突出。结果表明，该方法具有防治青枯病的潜力。西番莲在体外和体内的试验。
{"title":"Biocontrol of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae With Bacteria Isolated From Passion Fruit","authors":"F. Silva, A. A. M. MELO FILHO, D. Schurt, I. Santos","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n7p56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n7p56","url":null,"abstract":"The yellow passion fruit Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg is affected by the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae (Pereira) Dye, causing the bacterial blight disease, for which no effective bactericide is available. The use of live microorganisms in the treatment of pests have shown positive results in the control. This research sought to select bacteria residing in the passion fruit phyllosphere to function as a biocontrol agent of X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae. The selected bacteria were isolated from the passion fruit tree leaves collected in four municipalities of the state of Roraima, and thermostable compounds test and greenhouse test were performed. In total, 28 bacterial isolates were obtained. In the test with thermostable compounds, the isolates RR02, RR04, RR06, RR14, RR16, RR17, RR19, RR20, RR21, RR22, RR23, RR25, and RR27 stood out. In the greenhouse tests, the isolates RR03, RR07, RR09, RR13, RR16, RR21, and RR23 stood out. The results showed potential for the control of X. a. pv. passiflorae in in vitro and in vivo tests.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91030154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lettuce is susceptible to high-temperature stress during cultivation, which leads to bolting and affecting yield. However plant-specific transcription factors known as GRAS proteins play an important role in regulating plant growth development and abiotic stress responses. In this study, the whole LsGRAS genome of lettuce was identified. The results showed that 59 LsGRAS genes were distributed unevenly across nine chromosomes, 100% of which were located in the nucleus. Phylogenetically classified into nine conserved subfamilies. Chromosome localization and gene structure analysis suggested that duplication events and a large number of intronless genes may be the reason for the massive expansion of the LsGRAS gene family. To investigate the expression profiles of these genes in lettuce, we analyzed the transcription levels of all 59 LsGRAS genes in RNA-Seq data under high-temperature treatment with exogenous melatonin. We found that the expression level of LsGRAS13 was higher on 6, 9, 15, 18, and 27 days under high-temperature treatment with melatonin compared to the same treatment days without melatonin. Functional assays revealed that silencing LsGRAS13 resulted in accelerated bolting of lettuce, whereas the flower bud differentiation rate was faster in LsGRAS13-silenced plants than in control plants. In this study, the LsGRAS gene was comprehensively annotated and analyzed. Meanwhile, the expression pattern of the LsGRAS gene under high-temperature treatment was deeply explored, which is of great significance for the response mechanism of plants to high-temperature stress and the improvement of high-temperature stress resistance of lettuce, and provides valuable information and candidate genes.
{"title":"Genome-Wide Identification of Lettuce GRAS Gene Family Reveals That LsGRAS13 Is Negative Regulator of Thermally Induced Bolting in Lactuca sativa","authors":"Li Chen, Yong Qin, S. Fan","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n7p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n7p1","url":null,"abstract":"Lettuce is susceptible to high-temperature stress during cultivation, which leads to bolting and affecting yield. However plant-specific transcription factors known as GRAS proteins play an important role in regulating plant growth development and abiotic stress responses. In this study, the whole LsGRAS genome of lettuce was identified. The results showed that 59 LsGRAS genes were distributed unevenly across nine chromosomes, 100% of which were located in the nucleus. Phylogenetically classified into nine conserved subfamilies. Chromosome localization and gene structure analysis suggested that duplication events and a large number of intronless genes may be the reason for the massive expansion of the LsGRAS gene family. To investigate the expression profiles of these genes in lettuce, we analyzed the transcription levels of all 59 LsGRAS genes in RNA-Seq data under high-temperature treatment with exogenous melatonin. We found that the expression level of LsGRAS13 was higher on 6, 9, 15, 18, and 27 days under high-temperature treatment with melatonin compared to the same treatment days without melatonin. Functional assays revealed that silencing LsGRAS13 resulted in accelerated bolting of lettuce, whereas the flower bud differentiation rate was faster in LsGRAS13-silenced plants than in control plants. In this study, the LsGRAS gene was comprehensively annotated and analyzed. Meanwhile, the expression pattern of the LsGRAS gene under high-temperature treatment was deeply explored, which is of great significance for the response mechanism of plants to high-temperature stress and the improvement of high-temperature stress resistance of lettuce, and provides valuable information and candidate genes.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88818380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines food demand before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 and studies the effects of the situation on households’ demand for food in rural Indonesia, in the case of Bengkulu Province. The research data is taken from the Indonesia Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) as a microdata set which is collected annually by Indonesia Central Statistics Agency (BPS) from 2017 to 2021. The effect of COVID-19 on food demand estimates using the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS). The results demonstrate that prepared food expenditure is the largest portion of household expenditure on food in the Bengkulu rural area. Before the outbreak of COVID-19, animal source food is the most sensitive to food expenditure, but after the outbreak, prepared food is the most sensitive. Staple food is the most expenditure-inelastic before and after the outbreak. Expenditure for animal source food, vegetables & fruits, and prepared food have significant differences between before and after the outbreak. All the food groups substitute for each other before the outbreak, whereas staple food and prepared food cannot be regarded as a substitute for each other after the outbreak. There are eleven of the compensated price elasticities whose differences between before and after the outbreak are significant, whereas as a set the compensated price elasticities are significantly different between before and after the outbreak. Other food is the easiest to be substituted for both phases. Prepared food is the most difficult to be substituted before the outbreak, but the staple food is the most difficult to be substituted after the outbreak. After the outbreak of COVID-19, the demand for vegetables & fruits increases, but the demand for staple food and prepared food decreases, ceteris paribus. Family size, children, gender, age, and other demographics variables have an impact on household food demand. These findings imply that after the outbreak, the supply of vegetables & fruits should be increased and that government support for suppliers of staple food and prepared food will be preferable.
{"title":"Effects of COVID-19 on Food Demand in Rural Indonesia: The Case of Bengkulu Province","authors":"Melli Suryanty SN, Toshinobu Matsuda","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n7p18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n7p18","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines food demand before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 and studies the effects of the situation on households’ demand for food in rural Indonesia, in the case of Bengkulu Province. The research data is taken from the Indonesia Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) as a microdata set which is collected annually by Indonesia Central Statistics Agency (BPS) from 2017 to 2021. The effect of COVID-19 on food demand estimates using the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS). The results demonstrate that prepared food expenditure is the largest portion of household expenditure on food in the Bengkulu rural area. Before the outbreak of COVID-19, animal source food is the most sensitive to food expenditure, but after the outbreak, prepared food is the most sensitive. Staple food is the most expenditure-inelastic before and after the outbreak. Expenditure for animal source food, vegetables & fruits, and prepared food have significant differences between before and after the outbreak. All the food groups substitute for each other before the outbreak, whereas staple food and prepared food cannot be regarded as a substitute for each other after the outbreak. There are eleven of the compensated price elasticities whose differences between before and after the outbreak are significant, whereas as a set the compensated price elasticities are significantly different between before and after the outbreak. Other food is the easiest to be substituted for both phases. Prepared food is the most difficult to be substituted before the outbreak, but the staple food is the most difficult to be substituted after the outbreak. After the outbreak of COVID-19, the demand for vegetables & fruits increases, but the demand for staple food and prepared food decreases, ceteris paribus. Family size, children, gender, age, and other demographics variables have an impact on household food demand. These findings imply that after the outbreak, the supply of vegetables & fruits should be increased and that government support for suppliers of staple food and prepared food will be preferable.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81100324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1017/S0021859623000357
A S Cooke, S Mullan, C Morten, J Hockenhull, P Le Grice, K Le Cocq, M R F Lee, L M Cardenas, M J Rivero
Animal welfare encompasses all aspects of an animal's life and the interactions between animals. Consequently, welfare must be measured across a variety of factors that consider aspects such as health, behaviour, and mental state. Decisions regarding housing and grazing are central to farm management. In this study, two beef cattle systems and their herds were compared from weaning to slaughter across numerous indicators. One herd ("HH") were continuously housed, the other ("HG") were housed only during winter. Inspections of animals were conducted to assess body condition, cleanliness, diarrhoea, hairlessness, nasal discharge, and ocular discharge. Hair and nasal mucus samples were taken for quantification of cortisol and serotonin. Qualitative behaviour assessments (QBA) were also conducted and performance monitored. Physical health indicators were similar between herds with the exception of nasal discharge which was more prevalent in HH (P < 0.001). During winter, QBA yielded differences between herds over PC1 (arousal) (P = 0.032), but not PC2 (mood) (P = 0.139). Through summer, there was a strong difference across both PC1 (P < 0.001) and PC2 (P = 0.002), with HG exhibiting more positive behaviour. A difference was found in hair cortisol levels, with the greatest concentrations observed in HG (P = 0.011), however such a pattern was not seen for nasal mucus cortisol, or for serotonin. Overall, providing summer grazing (HG) appeared to afford welfare benefits to the cattle as shown with more positive QBA assessments, but also slightly better health indicators, notwithstanding the higher levels of cortisol in that group.
{"title":"Comparison of the welfare of beef cattle in housed and grazing systems: hormones, health, and behaviour.","authors":"A S Cooke, S Mullan, C Morten, J Hockenhull, P Le Grice, K Le Cocq, M R F Lee, L M Cardenas, M J Rivero","doi":"10.1017/S0021859623000357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859623000357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animal welfare encompasses all aspects of an animal's life and the interactions between animals. Consequently, welfare must be measured across a variety of factors that consider aspects such as health, behaviour, and mental state. Decisions regarding housing and grazing are central to farm management. In this study, two beef cattle systems and their herds were compared from weaning to slaughter across numerous indicators. One herd (\"HH\") were continuously housed, the other (\"HG\") were housed only during winter. Inspections of animals were conducted to assess body condition, cleanliness, diarrhoea, hairlessness, nasal discharge, and ocular discharge. Hair and nasal mucus samples were taken for quantification of cortisol and serotonin. Qualitative behaviour assessments (QBA) were also conducted and performance monitored. Physical health indicators were similar between herds with the exception of nasal discharge which was more prevalent in HH (<i>P</i> < 0.001). During winter, QBA yielded differences between herds over PC1 (arousal) (<i>P</i> = 0.032), but not PC2 (mood) (<i>P</i> = 0.139). Through summer, there was a strong difference across both PC1 (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and PC2 (<i>P</i> = 0.002), with HG exhibiting more positive behaviour. A difference was found in hair cortisol levels, with the greatest concentrations observed in HG (<i>P</i> = 0.011), however such a pattern was not seen for nasal mucus cortisol, or for serotonin. Overall, providing summer grazing (HG) appeared to afford welfare benefits to the cattle as shown with more positive QBA assessments, but also slightly better health indicators, notwithstanding the higher levels of cortisol in that group.</p>","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"161 3","pages":"450-463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7614983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10134127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Rosales-Martínez, L. Casanova-Pérez, C. Flota-Bañuelos, S. Fraire-Cordero, V. Rosales-Martínez
Agriculture evolved to increase crop productivity and diminish plague effects. As a negative outcome of the human footprint by agriculture and industrialization, overall economic practices have led to substantial alterations in the environment (i.e., greenhouse gas production, elevated atmospheric temperature, more extreme climatic events), collectively known as climate change. The fast-changing environment due to climate change is most common in the tropics, the impacts of this phenomenon are perceived in different regions of the world, where most agricultural activity occurs. These facts reinforce the requirement for diminishing climate change producing activities and implementation of adaptive practices for long-term agricultural productivity and sustainability. Albeit may sound counter-intuitive, agroecological systems and traditional knowledge may provide alternatives to mitigate climate change effects in the context of agriculture. This review comprehensively describes the development of irrigated agriculture, major effects of climate change on irrigation, and further explores alternative practices stemming from agroecological systems or traditional knowledge, which could improve agricultural productivity and sustainability. Among some strategies, it is proposed to establish climate risk planning, agricultural producers must modify the application of their inputs to adjust to the new water and thermal requirements; implement conservation techniques to reduce the loss of soil moisture and thus ensure the development of crops in a drier and warmer environment as indicated by climate change projections. Likewise, the implementation of varieties tolerant to water stress is one more adaptation action that would allow continuing cultivating in lower regions, where the largest irrigated area is concentrated and which would receive the greatest impact from an increase in temperature. In this way, it will be necessary to implement new approaches, technologies and policies to learn from the past, following the new climate scenarios, conserving and making rational use of natural resources.
{"title":"Irrigated Agriculture as an Adaptation Strategy Against Climate Change: A Review","authors":"F. Rosales-Martínez, L. Casanova-Pérez, C. Flota-Bañuelos, S. Fraire-Cordero, V. Rosales-Martínez","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n6p56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n6p56","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture evolved to increase crop productivity and diminish plague effects. As a negative outcome of the human footprint by agriculture and industrialization, overall economic practices have led to substantial alterations in the environment (i.e., greenhouse gas production, elevated atmospheric temperature, more extreme climatic events), collectively known as climate change. The fast-changing environment due to climate change is most common in the tropics, the impacts of this phenomenon are perceived in different regions of the world, where most agricultural activity occurs. These facts reinforce the requirement for diminishing climate change producing activities and implementation of adaptive practices for long-term agricultural productivity and sustainability. Albeit may sound counter-intuitive, agroecological systems and traditional knowledge may provide alternatives to mitigate climate change effects in the context of agriculture. This review comprehensively describes the development of irrigated agriculture, major effects of climate change on irrigation, and further explores alternative practices stemming from agroecological systems or traditional knowledge, which could improve agricultural productivity and sustainability. Among some strategies, it is proposed to establish climate risk planning, agricultural producers must modify the application of their inputs to adjust to the new water and thermal requirements; implement conservation techniques to reduce the loss of soil moisture and thus ensure the development of crops in a drier and warmer environment as indicated by climate change projections. Likewise, the implementation of varieties tolerant to water stress is one more adaptation action that would allow continuing cultivating in lower regions, where the largest irrigated area is concentrated and which would receive the greatest impact from an increase in temperature. In this way, it will be necessary to implement new approaches, technologies and policies to learn from the past, following the new climate scenarios, conserving and making rational use of natural resources.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75160597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Faroutine, Ramón Arteaga-Ramírez, J. Pineda-Pineda, M. Vázquez-Peña
Silicon (Si) is beneficial for plants that are under unfavorable conditions. In this study conducted under greenhouse conditions at Chapingo Autonomous University, Si fertilization was tested to examine whether it affected yields, biometrics, physiological parameters, and nutritional attributes of cucumber plants cultivated at different moisture levels in the substrate. Fifteen treatments were tried in a completely randomized design, including three moisture levels (50-60%, 75-85%, and 90-100% of container capacity (CC) and five Si doses (0, 50, 100 mg L-1 SiO2, 2 g L-1, and 3 g L-1 Wollastonite). Uniform irrigation was applied until the 18th day after transplantation, and controlled irrigation was applied according to the moisture levels until the end of the experiment. 3 g L-1 of wollastonite under 75-85% CC enhanced cucumber yield by 24.9% in comparison to untreated plants, while no Si dose affected fruit length, diameter, weight, and total soluble solids. At 90-100% of CC, 50 mg L-1 SiO2 increased the aerial biomass production (ABP) of the plants by 9.3%, and at 50-60% of CC, 100 mg L-1 SiO2 generated 11.8% more aerial biomass than untreated plants. As Si did not affect root production, mainly at 50-60% of CC, it improved chlorophyll a, b, and the total content of the leaves. Different parts of the plant saw significant increases in N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Si concentrations because of Si’s interactions with moisture levels. When the substrate is low in moisture, Si is likely to improve cucumber yields, physiological, and nutritional characteristics of the plant.
硅(Si)对处于不利条件下的植物是有益的。本研究在Chapingo自治大学的温室条件下进行，测试了硅施肥是否影响在不同基质湿度下栽培的黄瓜植株的产量、生物特征、生理参数和营养属性。在完全随机设计中，试验了15个处理，包括3个湿度水平(容器容量的50-60%、75-85%和90-100%)和5个硅剂量(0、50、100 mg L-1 SiO2、2 g L-1和3 g L-1硅灰石)。均匀灌溉至移栽后第18天，并根据水分水平进行控制灌溉，直至试验结束。3 g L-1硅灰石在75-85% CC处理下比未处理黄瓜产量提高24.9%，而硅剂量不影响果实长、直径、重量和总可溶性固形物。在CC为90-100%时，50 mg L-1 SiO2使植物的空中生物量产量(ABP)提高了9.3%，在CC为50-60%时，100 mg L-1 SiO2比未处理植物的空中生物量增加了11.8%。由于Si不影响根系生产，主要在CC的50-60%，因此它提高了叶绿素a, b和叶片的总含量。由于Si与水分水平的相互作用，植株不同部位的N、P、K、Ca、Mg和Si浓度显著增加。当基质水分较低时，硅可能会提高黄瓜产量，提高植株的生理和营养特性。
{"title":"Assessment of Two Calcium Silicate Sources on Cucumber Under Water Restriction","authors":"G. Faroutine, Ramón Arteaga-Ramírez, J. Pineda-Pineda, M. Vázquez-Peña","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n6p74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n6p74","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon (Si) is beneficial for plants that are under unfavorable conditions. In this study conducted under greenhouse conditions at Chapingo Autonomous University, Si fertilization was tested to examine whether it affected yields, biometrics, physiological parameters, and nutritional attributes of cucumber plants cultivated at different moisture levels in the substrate. Fifteen treatments were tried in a completely randomized design, including three moisture levels (50-60%, 75-85%, and 90-100% of container capacity (CC) and five Si doses (0, 50, 100 mg L-1 SiO2, 2 g L-1, and 3 g L-1 Wollastonite). Uniform irrigation was applied until the 18th day after transplantation, and controlled irrigation was applied according to the moisture levels until the end of the experiment. 3 g L-1 of wollastonite under 75-85% CC enhanced cucumber yield by 24.9% in comparison to untreated plants, while no Si dose affected fruit length, diameter, weight, and total soluble solids. At 90-100% of CC, 50 mg L-1 SiO2 increased the aerial biomass production (ABP) of the plants by 9.3%, and at 50-60% of CC, 100 mg L-1 SiO2 generated 11.8% more aerial biomass than untreated plants. As Si did not affect root production, mainly at 50-60% of CC, it improved chlorophyll a, b, and the total content of the leaves. Different parts of the plant saw significant increases in N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Si concentrations because of Si’s interactions with moisture levels. When the substrate is low in moisture, Si is likely to improve cucumber yields, physiological, and nutritional characteristics of the plant.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79859984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Guimarães, M. F. B. Durigan, E. Chagas, M. Grigio, T. N. D. Silva, A. A. D. M. Filho, C. Marques, J. A. Mattioni
The culture of camu-camu fruit is one of the most promising in the Amazon region; with proper industrialization the fruit could contribute to local food security, which raises excellent opportunities to further elaborate products with higher aggregate value to introduce to population living in natural producing areas. The aim of this research was to carry out a comparison of the agro-industrial and nutritional quality of fruit flour prototypes and residues from the processing of camu-camu dehydrated in a conventional electric oven and an alternative solar dryer, verifying the possibility of obtaining a standardized flour product with the techniques used. The camu-camu fruits was harvested in March of 2018 at Morena Lake, Boa Vista municipality, Roraima State, Brazil and, processed into flour at Embrapa Laboratories. Furthermore, an analysis of moisture, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, color and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe and B contents of the flour, were carried out and evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme, evaluating three raw materials by two drying methods. The data was statistically validated using an analysis of variance, when there was statistical difference, the means of agroindustrial and elemental characteristics were compared by the T (0.05) and Tukey (0.05) tests. The main quality differences in the interaction between raw materials and drying methods are in moisture, soluble solids, titratable acidity, color and P, K and Ca contents. In general, the macro and microelement contents of the camu-camu flour dehydrated in a hot air oven with forced ventilation, and in a low-cost convection solar dehydrator presented the following order N > K > P > Ca > S > Mg > Mn > Fe > B > Zn > Cu. The evaluated camu-camu flours are presented as alternatives for the integral use of the fruit and processing residues, having satisfactory qualities, with the possibility of being used in agro-industrial products.
camu-camu果实栽培是亚马逊地区最有前途的栽培之一;通过适当的工业化，这种水果可以为当地的粮食安全做出贡献，这就为进一步制作更高总价值的产品，向生活在自然产区的人们介绍提供了极好的机会。本研究的目的是比较在传统电烤箱和替代太阳能烘干机中脱水的camu-camu加工过程中产生的水果面粉原型和残留物的农工和营养质量，验证使用所使用的技术获得标准化面粉产品的可能性。camu-camu果实于2018年3月在巴西罗莱马州博阿维斯塔市的莫雷纳湖收获，并在Embrapa实验室加工成面粉。此外，还对面粉的水分、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸度、pH、颜色以及N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S、Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe和B含量进行了分析和评价。试验设计采用全随机因子设计，采用两种干燥方法对三种原料进行评价。采用方差分析对数据进行统计学验证，当存在统计学差异时，采用T(0.05)检验和Tukey(0.05)检验比较农工特征均值和要素特征均值。原料和干燥方法之间相互作用的主要质量差异在于水分、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸度、颜色和P、K、Ca含量。总体而言，在强制通风的热风烘箱和低成本对流太阳能脱水机中脱水的卡姆-卡姆面粉的常量元素和微量元素含量依次为N > K > P > Ca > S > Mg > Mn > Fe > B > Zn > Cu。经评估的camu-camu面粉作为水果和加工残留物综合利用的替代品，具有令人满意的质量，有可能用于农工产品。
{"title":"Camu-Camu Flour Processed in Conventional Oven and Solar Dryer: Quality Product and Accessible Low Technology Products as an Opportunity to Family Agriculture","authors":"P. Guimarães, M. F. B. Durigan, E. Chagas, M. Grigio, T. N. D. Silva, A. A. D. M. Filho, C. Marques, J. A. Mattioni","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n6p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n6p1","url":null,"abstract":"The culture of camu-camu fruit is one of the most promising in the Amazon region; with proper industrialization the fruit could contribute to local food security, which raises excellent opportunities to further elaborate products with higher aggregate value to introduce to population living in natural producing areas. The aim of this research was to carry out a comparison of the agro-industrial and nutritional quality of fruit flour prototypes and residues from the processing of camu-camu dehydrated in a conventional electric oven and an alternative solar dryer, verifying the possibility of obtaining a standardized flour product with the techniques used. The camu-camu fruits was harvested in March of 2018 at Morena Lake, Boa Vista municipality, Roraima State, Brazil and, processed into flour at Embrapa Laboratories. Furthermore, an analysis of moisture, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, color and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe and B contents of the flour, were carried out and evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme, evaluating three raw materials by two drying methods. The data was statistically validated using an analysis of variance, when there was statistical difference, the means of agroindustrial and elemental characteristics were compared by the T (0.05) and Tukey (0.05) tests. The main quality differences in the interaction between raw materials and drying methods are in moisture, soluble solids, titratable acidity, color and P, K and Ca contents. In general, the macro and microelement contents of the camu-camu flour dehydrated in a hot air oven with forced ventilation, and in a low-cost convection solar dehydrator presented the following order N > K > P > Ca > S > Mg > Mn > Fe > B > Zn > Cu. The evaluated camu-camu flours are presented as alternatives for the integral use of the fruit and processing residues, having satisfactory qualities, with the possibility of being used in agro-industrial products.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83325394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sammy Kagito, Mayumi Kikuta, H. Samejima, J. Gweyi-Onyango, E. Gikonyo, E. Gichuhi, D. Menge, J. Kimani, A. Yamauchi, D. Makihara
Growth, yield, and yield components of five upland rice varieties (MWUR 1, MWUR 4, NERICA 1, NERICA 4, and IRAT109) were evaluated under four different soil N conditions (0, 26, 52, and 78 kg N/ha) to identify the factors contributing to their adaptability to low soil-fertility. The results showed that MWUR 1, MWUR 4, and NERICA 4 had greater adaptability to low N conditions. Specifically, MWUR 1 showed the highest adaptability to low soil fertility. The greater low soil-fertility adaptability of these varieties was attributed to their ability to maintain dry matter production. Furthermore, their greater dry matter production under low N conditions could be attributed to the increased root length, which allowed improved soil nutrient absorption. Our findings suggest that rice grain yield was mainly restricted by sink size, particularly panicle number per plant under low N conditions. The higher grain yield of MWUR 1 under low N conditions could be attributed to greater tillering ability. Thus, MWUR 1 could be a good candidate for cultivation under nutrient-poor soil conditions.
通过对5个旱稻品种(MWUR 1、MWUR 4、NERICA 1、NERICA 4和IRAT109)在4种不同N/ha(0、26、52和78 kg N/ha)条件下的生长、产量和产量构成进行评价，以确定其对低土壤肥力的适应性因素。结果表明，MWUR 1、MWUR 4和NERICA 4对低氮条件具有较强的适应性。其中，mwur1对低土壤肥力的适应性最强。这些品种较强的低土壤肥力适应性归因于它们保持干物质生产的能力。此外，在低氮条件下，它们更大的干物质产量可能归因于根系长度的增加，从而促进了土壤养分的吸收。研究结果表明，在低氮条件下，水稻产量主要受库大小，尤其是单株穗数的限制。低氮条件下mwur1的高产可能与分蘖能力强有关。因此，mwur1可能是养分贫乏土壤条件下栽培的良好候选者。
{"title":"Yield Responses of Upland Rice Varieties to Low N Conditions in Central Kenya","authors":"Sammy Kagito, Mayumi Kikuta, H. Samejima, J. Gweyi-Onyango, E. Gikonyo, E. Gichuhi, D. Menge, J. Kimani, A. Yamauchi, D. Makihara","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n6p19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n6p19","url":null,"abstract":"Growth, yield, and yield components of five upland rice varieties (MWUR 1, MWUR 4, NERICA 1, NERICA 4, and IRAT109) were evaluated under four different soil N conditions (0, 26, 52, and 78 kg N/ha) to identify the factors contributing to their adaptability to low soil-fertility. The results showed that MWUR 1, MWUR 4, and NERICA 4 had greater adaptability to low N conditions. Specifically, MWUR 1 showed the highest adaptability to low soil fertility. The greater low soil-fertility adaptability of these varieties was attributed to their ability to maintain dry matter production. Furthermore, their greater dry matter production under low N conditions could be attributed to the increased root length, which allowed improved soil nutrient absorption. Our findings suggest that rice grain yield was mainly restricted by sink size, particularly panicle number per plant under low N conditions. The higher grain yield of MWUR 1 under low N conditions could be attributed to greater tillering ability. Thus, MWUR 1 could be a good candidate for cultivation under nutrient-poor soil conditions.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"22 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72470135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Didier Sawadogo, I. Matsumura, K. Yasunobu, Cristhian Fernandez, Asres Elias Baya
This present study aims to investigate the factors influencing the combined adoption of stone lines and microdosing and its effect on sorghum yields and net income. By adjusting for biases in observable and unobservable factors, the multinomial endogenous switching regression (MESR) model was employed to estimate the net effects of adoption on outcomes. The average treatment effect on treated (ATT) was also employed to evaluate the effects of stone lines and microdosing adoption. For a more accurate estimation of farmer output and farming income, the inverse probability weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA) was also estimated. In achieving our purpose, we collected data from 420 farm households which had 1280 plots for four main crops. The total sample identified 368 sorghum plots with stone lines and microdosing adoption. The MESR results indicated that the number of extension visits, level of education, access to agricultural credit, access to subsidies, household size, family labour and tropical livestock unit (TLU), and perception of soil fertility all played significant roles in the adoption of the stone lines and microdosing combination. The ATT revealed that adopters of the stone lines and combined microdosing had a higher sorghum yield than their counterfactual. The adoption of the stone lines and microdosing increased sorghum yield and net sorghum income, respectively, by 70% (p < 0.001) and 60% (p < 0.001). This result shows a strong synergy in agricultural productivity between the stone lines and the microdosing. However, the sorghum yield was positively and significantly affected by the microdosing adoption, but the effect on net income was non-significant. The results demonstrate that adopting both techniques would be more effective, and this would let smallholder farmers improve their sorghum yield and income. The study recommends intensifying efforts to promote the use of both technologies simultaneously, educating smallholder farmers on the proper use of microdosing, and encouraging fertilizer subsidies for smallholder farmers in order to farm yield and maintain food security.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Effect of Stone Lines and Microdosing Adoption on Sorghum Yield and Income: A Case of Smallholder Farmers in Burkina Faso","authors":"Didier Sawadogo, I. Matsumura, K. Yasunobu, Cristhian Fernandez, Asres Elias Baya","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n6p41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n6p41","url":null,"abstract":"This present study aims to investigate the factors influencing the combined adoption of stone lines and microdosing and its effect on sorghum yields and net income. By adjusting for biases in observable and unobservable factors, the multinomial endogenous switching regression (MESR) model was employed to estimate the net effects of adoption on outcomes. The average treatment effect on treated (ATT) was also employed to evaluate the effects of stone lines and microdosing adoption. For a more accurate estimation of farmer output and farming income, the inverse probability weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA) was also estimated. In achieving our purpose, we collected data from 420 farm households which had 1280 plots for four main crops. The total sample identified 368 sorghum plots with stone lines and microdosing adoption. The MESR results indicated that the number of extension visits, level of education, access to agricultural credit, access to subsidies, household size, family labour and tropical livestock unit (TLU), and perception of soil fertility all played significant roles in the adoption of the stone lines and microdosing combination. The ATT revealed that adopters of the stone lines and combined microdosing had a higher sorghum yield than their counterfactual. The adoption of the stone lines and microdosing increased sorghum yield and net sorghum income, respectively, by 70% (p < 0.001) and 60% (p < 0.001). This result shows a strong synergy in agricultural productivity between the stone lines and the microdosing. However, the sorghum yield was positively and significantly affected by the microdosing adoption, but the effect on net income was non-significant. The results demonstrate that adopting both techniques would be more effective, and this would let smallholder farmers improve their sorghum yield and income. The study recommends intensifying efforts to promote the use of both technologies simultaneously, educating smallholder farmers on the proper use of microdosing, and encouraging fertilizer subsidies for smallholder farmers in order to farm yield and maintain food security.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84011650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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