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Genomic prediction accounting for dominance and epistatic genetic effects on litter size traits in Large White pigs 大白猪产仔数性状的显性和上位遗传效应的基因组预测
IF 3.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaf004
Jianmei Chen, Tengfei Dou, Ziyi Wu, Liyao Bai, Man Xu, Yongqian Zhang, Songbai Yang, Shiqian Xu, Xuelei Han, Ruimin Qiao, Kejun Wang, Feng Yang, Xin-Jian Li, Xianwei Wang, Xiu-Ling Li
Litter size traits of sows are crucial for the economic benefits of the pig industry. Three phenotypic traits of 1,206 Large White (LW) pigs, that is, the total number born (TNB), number born alive (NBA), and number of healthy piglets (NHP), were recorded. We evaluated a series of genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) models that sequentially added additive effects (model A), dominance effects (model A+D), and epistatic effects (model A+D+AA, model A+D+AA+AD, and model A+D+AA+AD+DD) using chip data and imputed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data to estimate genetic parameters and predictive accuracy. The reproductive traits of sows showed low heritability in this study, with narrow heritability of the three traits ranging from 0.030 to 0.064, and broad heritability ranging from 0.125 to 0.145. The inclusion of non-additive effects in the model improved the accuracy of genomic selection. In the chip data, compared with that of the A model, the A+D+AA+AD+DD model showed the greatest increase in accuracy for TNB, NBA, and NHP, with improvements of 1.78, 1.67, and 1.74%, respectively. Additionally, the accuracy of the imputed WGS data was greater compared to the chip data. For the TNB, NBA, and NHP traits, the predictive accuracy of the imputed WGS data improved by 3.26, 7.72, and 3.00%, respectively, compared with that of the chip data. In summary, these results suggest that non-additive effects in genomic selection could improve prediction accuracy and should be considered in pig genomic evaluation procedures.
母猪产仔数性状对养猪业的经济效益至关重要。对1206头大白猪(LW)的总出生数(TNB)、出生活仔数(NBA)和健康仔猪数(NHP) 3个表型性状进行了记录。我们评估了一系列基因组最佳线性无偏预测(GBLUP)模型,这些模型依次添加了可加性效应(模型a)、显性效应(模型a +D)和上位效应(模型a +D+AA、模型a +D+AA+AD和模型a +D+AA+AD+DD),利用芯片数据和输入的全基因组测序(WGS)数据来估计遗传参数和预测精度。本研究母猪繁殖性状遗传力较低,3个性状的窄遗传力为0.030 ~ 0.064,宽遗传力为0.125 ~ 0.145。模型中非加性效应的加入提高了基因组选择的准确性。在芯片数据中,与A模型相比,A+D+AA+AD+DD模型对TNB、NBA和NHP的准确率提高幅度最大,分别提高了1.78、1.67和1.74%。此外,与芯片数据相比,输入的WGS数据的准确性更高。对于TNB、NBA和NHP性状,输入WGS数据的预测准确率分别比芯片数据提高了3.26%、7.72%和3.00%。综上所述,这些结果表明基因组选择中的非加性效应可以提高预测精度,在猪基因组评估过程中应予以考虑。
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引用次数: 0
Genomic analysis of mobility measures on 5-month-old gilts associated with structural soundness 与结构稳健性相关的5月龄后备母猪流动性措施的基因组分析
IF 3.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaf001
Lexi M Ostrand, Lea A Rempel, Brittney N Keel, Warren M Snelling, Ty B Schmidt, Eric T Psota, Benny E Mote, Gary A Rohrer
Sow lameness results in premature culling, causing economic loss and well-being issues. A study, utilizing a pressure-sensing mat (GAIT4) and video monitoring system (NUtrack), was conducted to identify objective measurements on gilts that are predictive of future lameness. Gilts (N = 3656) were categorized to describe their lifetime soundness: SOUND, retained for breeding with no detected mobility issues; LAME_SOW, retained for breeding and detected lame as a sow; CULL_STR, not retained due to poor leg structure; LAME_GILT, not retained due to visible signs of lameness; and CULL, not retained due to reasons other than leg structure. The GAIT4 system creates a series of measurements for each hoof and a lameness score (GLS) while NUtrack records animal movement and posture durations each day. To determine if measurements from the GAIT4 and NUtrack systems were associated with lifetime soundness, mixed model analyses were conducted in R including fixed effects of breed of sire, contemporary group and lifetime soundness score and random effect of animal. A second mixed model was run without lifetime soundness score and estimates of animal effects were then used to conduct ssGBLUP analyses using 3 generations of pedigree and genotypes from ~50k SNP on > 60% of phenotyped animals. Genomic heritabilities were estimated, SNP effects were back-solved and significance based on Bonferroni corrected permutation tests. GAIT4 traits indicative of lameness (LAME_GILT and CULL_STR vs SOUND; P < 0.05) were the standard deviation of GLS, average stride length, and average stance time, while significant NUtrack measurements were eating, standing, lateral lying, total lying, speed, distance, and rotations. In addition, rotations differed (P < 0.05) between SOUND vs LAME_SOW and distance tended to be different (P < 0.10). Estimates of heritability for predictive NUtrack traits were ~0.3 and GAIT4 traits were ~0.2. There were 382 significant SNP effects in 47 genomic regions, four regions on chromosomes 1, 4, 11 and 14 accounted for over 60% of the associations. Genome-level imputed genotypes linked several regions with possible causative genes. Objective measurements from the GAIT4 and NUtrack systems at 5 months of age were heritable, able to detect unsound animals, and were associated with lifetime soundness.
母猪跛行导致过早扑杀,造成经济损失和健康问题。利用压力感应垫(GAIT4)和视频监控系统(NUtrack)进行了一项研究,以确定对后备母猪的客观测量,以预测未来的跛行。幼母猪(N = 3656)被分类为描述它们一生的健康状况:良好,保留用于繁殖,没有检测到移动问题;LAME_SOW,保留繁殖,检测跛子为母猪;CULL_STR,由于腿部结构不良而未保留;LAME_GILT,由于可见的跛行迹象而未保留;和CULL,由于腿部结构以外的原因没有保留。GAIT4系统为每只蹄创建一系列测量和跛行评分(GLS),而NUtrack每天记录动物的运动和姿势持续时间。为了确定GAIT4和NUtrack系统的测量是否与终生健康相关,在R中进行了混合模型分析,包括父系品种、当代组和终生健康评分的固定效应和动物的随机效应。第二个混合模型在没有终身健康评分的情况下运行,然后使用动物效应估计进行ssGBLUP分析,使用3代家系和基因型,来自&;gt;60%的表型动物。估计基因组遗传力,根据Bonferroni校正排列测试反向求解SNP效应和显著性。跛足的GAIT4特征(LAME_GILT和CULL_STR vs SOUND);P, lt;0.05)为GLS、平均步幅长度和平均站立时间的标准差,显著性NUtrack测量为进食、站立、侧卧、总卧、速度、距离和旋转。此外,旋转不同(P <;0.05),距离趋于不同(P <;0.10)。预测NUtrack性状的遗传力估计为~0.3,GAIT4性状的遗传力估计为~0.2。在47个基因组区域中有382个显著SNP效应,其中1、4、11和14号染色体上的4个区域占关联的60%以上。基因组水平的基因型将几个区域与可能的致病基因联系起来。GAIT4和NUtrack系统在5月龄时的客观测量结果是可遗传的,能够发现不健康的动物,并且与终生健康相关。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of combined Bacillus coagulans and Yeast fermentation culture on growth performance, plasma biochemical indices, intestinal morphology and microbial of broilers 混凝芽孢杆菌和酵母发酵培养物对肉鸡生长性能、血浆生化指标、肠道形态和微生物群的影响
IF 3.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae325
Qiongtao Zi, Shenglan Zhu, Peng Li, Yongmin Liao, Dong Chen, Changqing He, Songchang Guo, Xiaoyan Zou
The favorable impacts of Bacillus coagulans or Yeast culture on broiler production performance and immune function have been acknowledged. However, the effects of the combined of them (BcYc) on the broilers remained unknown. Thus, the current research aimed to assess the effects of BcYc (at dosages of 0, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg) on growth performance, plasma biochemical indices, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal morphology and microbial composition in broilers. The results revealed that ①broilers receiving 300 and 400 mg/kg of BcYc showed significantly higher body weights than the control group at 4d and 21d (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, when contrasted with the control group, the feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased in 300 mg/kg group during 4 to 21d and in 400 mg/kg group during 4 to 42d (P &lt; 0.05). ②At 21d, the broilers supplemented with 300 and 400 mg/kg of BcYc demonstrated significantly elevated levels of albumin (ALB), glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity, and catalase activity than the group that not supplemented with BcYc (P &lt; 0.05). At 42d, 400 mg/kg group showed significantly higher ALB and total protein, and lower glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity and malondialdehyde content in contrast to the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, at 42d, GSH-Px activity in all experimental groups showed significantly higher compared to the control group (P &lt; 0.05). ③Nevertheless, no significant variation was observed neither in jejunum or duodenum morphology among all groups (P &gt; 0.05). ④Adding 400 mg/kg of BcYc led to a significantly higher Sobs index and a lower Simpson index (P &lt; 0.05), and an extremely significantly raised in Shannon index (P &lt; 0.01), while adding 300 mg/kg of BcYc led to a significantly enhanced in Shannon index (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, supplementary BcYc significantly elevated the abundance of Firmicutes in phylum level, and Clostridia, Ruminococcus, Rikenella, Butyricicoccus and Eubacterium in genus level (P &lt; 0.05). To sum up, supplementing BcYc at dosages of 400 mg/kg to yellow-feathered broilers diet can help improve the growth performance, regulate plasma biochemical indicators, increase antioxidant capacity, and improve gut community composition.
凝固芽孢杆菌或酵母培养物对肉鸡生产性能和免疫功能的有利影响已得到公认。然而,它们的组合(BcYc)对肉鸡的影响尚不清楚。因此,本研究旨在评估BcYc(0、200、300和400 mg/kg)对肉鸡生长性能、血浆生化指标、抗氧化能力以及肠道形态和微生物组成的影响。结果表明:①添加300和400 mg/kg BcYc的肉仔鸡在4d和21d的体重显著高于对照组(P <;0.05)。此外,与对照组相比,300 mg/kg组4 ~ 21d和400 mg/kg组4 ~ 42d的饲料系数显著降低(P <;0.05)。②在21d时,与未添加BcYc组相比,添加300和400 mg/kg BcYc组肉鸡白蛋白(ALB)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总抗氧化能力和过氧化氢酶活性显著提高(P <;0.05)。在42d时,400 mg/kg组ALB和总蛋白显著高于对照组,谷丙转氨酶活性和丙二醛含量显著低于对照组(P <;0.05)。此外,在42d时,各实验组的GSH-Px活性均显著高于对照组(P <;0.05)。③各组间空肠和十二指肠形态均无显著差异(P >;0.05)。④添加400 mg/kg BcYc显著提高了Sobs指数,降低了Simpson指数(P &;0.05), Shannon指数极显著升高(P <;0.01),而添加300 mg/kg BcYc显著提高了香农指数(P <;0.05)。此外,添加BcYc显著提高了门级厚壁菌门的丰度,以及属级梭菌、瘤胃球菌、里氏菌、丁酸球菌和真杆菌的丰度(P <;0.05)。综上所述,在黄羽肉仔鸡饲粮中添加400 mg/kg BcYc有助于改善黄羽肉仔鸡的生长性能,调节血浆生化指标,提高抗氧化能力,改善肠道群落组成。
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引用次数: 0
Aging Oocytes: Exploring Apoptosis and Its Impact on Embryonic Development in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) 鲤鱼卵母细胞衰老:细胞凋亡及其对胚胎发育的影响
IF 3.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaf002
Essaikiammal Sodalai Muthu Konar, Sebastian Brachs, Knut Mai, Swapnil Gorakh Waghmare, Tomas Policar, Azadeh Mohagheghi Samarin, Azin Mohagheghi Samarin
Ovulation, fertilization, and embryo development are orchestrated and synchronized processes essential for the optimal health of offspring. Post-ovulatory aging disrupts this synchronization and impairs oocyte quality. In addition, oocyte aging causes fertilization loss and poor embryo development. This investigation aimed to unravel the endpoint of in vitro oocyte aging in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to understand the involvement of apoptosis in postovulatory oocyte death. It was observed that the fertilization ability significantly declined (p &lt; 0.001) at 8 hours post-stripping (HPS), subsequently triggering apoptosis in the advanced stage of oocyte aging, i.e. 48 HPS. This process included an increase in proapoptotic transcripts (fas, bax, cathepsin D, caspase 8, caspase 9, and caspase 3a) (p &lt; 0.05), elevated levels of caspase 3 protein (p &lt; 0.05), and activation of caspase 3 enzyme (p &lt; 0.001), a key player in apoptosis, in aging oocytes. Furthermore, the effects of oocyte aging on the embryonic apoptosis machinery were examined in embryos at 5 hours post-fertilization (HPF) and 24 HPF derived from fresh and aged oocytes. Expression of apoptotic genes and caspase enzyme activity remained at the basal level in 5 HPF (early blastula embryos) from both fresh and aged oocytes. In contrast, the zymogenic and active forms of caspase 3 increased in 24 HPF embryos from 8-h-aged oocytes (p &lt; 0.01) compared to those from fresh oocytes. Thus, apoptosis intensified in 24 HPF embryos from aged oocytes without affecting the apoptotic machinery of early blastula embryos. Our findings demonstrate that apoptosis initiated by the Fas/FasL system is an important physiological process accompanying oocyte aging in common carp.
排卵、受精和胚胎发育是协调和同步的过程,对后代的最佳健康至关重要。排卵后的衰老破坏了这种同步,损害了卵母细胞的质量。此外,卵母细胞老化导致受精损失和胚胎发育不良。本研究旨在揭示鲤鱼体外卵母细胞老化的终点,以了解细胞凋亡在排卵后卵母细胞死亡中的作用。结果表明,施肥能力显著下降(p <;0.001),随后在卵母细胞衰老晚期(即48 HPS)触发细胞凋亡。这一过程包括促凋亡转录物(fas、bax、组织蛋白酶D、caspase 8、caspase 9和caspase 3a)的增加(p <;0.05), caspase 3蛋白水平升高(p <;0.05), caspase 3酶的活化(p <;0.001),是衰老卵母细胞凋亡的关键参与者。此外,我们还研究了卵母细胞老化对受精后5小时胚胎(HPF)和新鲜卵母细胞和衰老卵母细胞衍生的24小时胚胎凋亡机制的影响。凋亡基因的表达和半胱天冬酶活性在5个HPF(早期囊胚胚胎)中保持在基础水平。相比之下,8 h龄卵母细胞形成的24个HPF胚胎中caspase 3的酶原性和活性形式增加(p <;0.01)。因此,衰老卵母细胞在24个HPF胚胎中细胞凋亡增强,但不影响早期囊胚胚胎的凋亡机制。研究结果表明,Fas/FasL系统引发的细胞凋亡是鲤鱼卵母细胞衰老的重要生理过程。
{"title":"Aging Oocytes: Exploring Apoptosis and Its Impact on Embryonic Development in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)","authors":"Essaikiammal Sodalai Muthu Konar, Sebastian Brachs, Knut Mai, Swapnil Gorakh Waghmare, Tomas Policar, Azadeh Mohagheghi Samarin, Azin Mohagheghi Samarin","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf002","url":null,"abstract":"Ovulation, fertilization, and embryo development are orchestrated and synchronized processes essential for the optimal health of offspring. Post-ovulatory aging disrupts this synchronization and impairs oocyte quality. In addition, oocyte aging causes fertilization loss and poor embryo development. This investigation aimed to unravel the endpoint of in vitro oocyte aging in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to understand the involvement of apoptosis in postovulatory oocyte death. It was observed that the fertilization ability significantly declined (p &amp;lt; 0.001) at 8 hours post-stripping (HPS), subsequently triggering apoptosis in the advanced stage of oocyte aging, i.e. 48 HPS. This process included an increase in proapoptotic transcripts (fas, bax, cathepsin D, caspase 8, caspase 9, and caspase 3a) (p &amp;lt; 0.05), elevated levels of caspase 3 protein (p &amp;lt; 0.05), and activation of caspase 3 enzyme (p &amp;lt; 0.001), a key player in apoptosis, in aging oocytes. Furthermore, the effects of oocyte aging on the embryonic apoptosis machinery were examined in embryos at 5 hours post-fertilization (HPF) and 24 HPF derived from fresh and aged oocytes. Expression of apoptotic genes and caspase enzyme activity remained at the basal level in 5 HPF (early blastula embryos) from both fresh and aged oocytes. In contrast, the zymogenic and active forms of caspase 3 increased in 24 HPF embryos from 8-h-aged oocytes (p &amp;lt; 0.01) compared to those from fresh oocytes. Thus, apoptosis intensified in 24 HPF embryos from aged oocytes without affecting the apoptotic machinery of early blastula embryos. Our findings demonstrate that apoptosis initiated by the Fas/FasL system is an important physiological process accompanying oocyte aging in common carp.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of implant status and breed type on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, sera metabolites, and immunohistochemical responses in finishing steers. 植体状态和品种类型对育肥牛生产性能、胴体特性、血清代谢物和免疫组织化学反应的影响。
IF 2.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaf003
K R Wesley, L K Fuerniss, J R Hall, J D Young, F B Green, P N Smith, J P Hutcheson, B J Johnson

The number of beef × dairy animals entering feedlots has increased, but the response of beef × dairy cattle to growth-promoting implants has not been well characterized. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of breed type and implant administration on live performance, carcass characteristics, sera metabolites, and immunohistochemical (IHC) outcomes. Forty-eight steers (average body weight [BW] = 417±22 kg) were sorted by breed into groups of predominantly Angus (B), black-hided beef × primarily Holstein (B×D), or Holstein (D), and half of the steers within each breed type were administered a steroidal implant. Data were analyzed as a 3×2 factorial, including repeated measures for sera metabolite and IHC outcomes. Main effects were breed (B, B×D, or D) and implant status (no implant [CON] or Revalor-XS [200 mg trenbolone acetate + 40 mg estradiol-17β] on d 0 [IMP]). Interaction of main effects to determine breed-specific responses to implants were also evaluated. Steers were fed to a target final shrunk BW of 658 kg within breed type. Blood, longissimus thoracis biopsies, and BW were collected on d 0, 28, 70, 98, and 126; BW was also collected prior to harvest. Implanted steers had greater average daily gain (ADG), interim BW, and final BW (P ≤ 0.04). Overall ADG tended to be greatest (P = 0.07) in B×D steers. The IMP treatment, and B×D and D steers had increased (P < 0.01) mean sera concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), compared to CON and B steers. The IMP carcasses had greater hot carcass weight (HCW), dressing percentage, and REA (P ≤ 0.03) and decreased KPH (P < 0.01). By analyzation of IHC, myosin heavy chain (MHC) Type I fibers were the largest and most abundant in D (P ≤ 0.03). Increased abundance of estrogen receptors and greatest G protein-coupled receptor-1 score was observed for D, while B×D were intermediate, and B had the fewest estrogenic receptors (P ≤ 0.02). Regardless of breed type, IMP steers had increased estradiol-17β and trenbolone-17β concentrations (P < 0.01) with no effect on MHC fiber type and minimal effects on satellite cell outcomes. These results indicated B×D and IMP treatments increased muscling and decreased internal fat deposition compared to D and CON, respectively. Dairy-influenced breed types exhibited increased estrogenic receptor abundance. Additionally, few breed × implant interactions suggest B, B×D, and D steers responded similarly to growth-promoting implants.

进入饲养场的牛×奶牛数量有所增加,但牛×奶牛对促生长植入物的反应尚未得到很好的表征。本研究的目的是评估品种类型和植入物给药对活产性能、胴体特性、血清代谢产物和免疫组化(IHC)结果的影响。48头阉牛(平均体重[BW] = 417±22 kg)按品种分为安格斯牛(B)、黑皮牛×荷斯坦牛(B×D)和荷斯坦牛(D)三组,每个品种中有一半的阉牛接受类固醇植入。数据作为3×2因子进行分析,包括血清代谢物和免疫组化结果的重复测量。主要影响因素为品种(B、B×D或D)和种植体状态(0 D [IMP]时未种植[CON]或revor - xs [200 mg醋酸trenbolone + 40 mg雌二醇-17β])。还评估了主要效应的相互作用,以确定对植入物的品种特异性反应。在品种类型范围内,饲喂公牛的最终缩小体重目标为658公斤。0、28、70、98、126采集血、胸最长肌活检和BW;BW也在收获前收集。移植后的肉牛平均日增重(ADG)、中期体重和最终体重均高于对照组(P≤0.04)。B×D组的平均日增重最高(P = 0.07)。与CON和B组相比,IMP组、B×D组和D组的平均血清非酯化脂肪酸和胰岛素样生长因子- i (IGF-I)浓度均升高(P < 0.01)。IMP组胴体热胴体重、屠宰率和REA显著高于对照组(P≤0.03),KPH显著低于对照组(P < 0.01)。IHC分析显示,肌球蛋白重链(MHC) I型纤维中D含量最大、最丰富(P≤0.03)。D组雌激素受体丰度增加,G蛋白偶联受体-1评分最高,B×D处于中间水平,B组雌激素受体最少(P≤0.02)。无论品种类型如何,IMP肉牛雌二醇-17β和trenbolone-17β浓度均升高(P < 0.01),但对MHC纤维类型无影响,对卫星细胞结局影响最小。这些结果表明,与D和CON相比,B×D和IMP处理分别增加了肌肉和减少了内部脂肪沉积。受乳制品影响的品种表现出增加的雌激素受体丰度。此外,很少有品种x植入物相互作用表明B、B×D和D对促进生长的植入物有相似的反应。
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引用次数: 0
Pregnancy affects maternal performance, feed intake, and digestion kinetics parameters in beef heifers. 妊娠会影响肉用小母牛的母性、采食量和消化动力学参数。
IF 2.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae328
Gabriel Miranda Moreira, Gleidson Luz Aguiar, Javier Andrés Moreno Meneses, Karolina Batista Nascimento, Germán Darío Ramírez-Zamudio, Thais Correia Costa, Marcio de Souza Duarte, Daniel Rume Casagrande, Mateus Pies Gionbelli

This study aimed to quantify the effects of physiological status (PS) and the potential interaction of this factor with days of pregnancy (DOP) on beef heifers' weight variation, intake, and digestion kinetics. Twelve rumen-cannulated zebu beef heifers (n = 7 pregnant; n = 5 nonpregnant) were used. Heifers were placed in individual pens and fed medium-quality corn silage plus a protein-based supplement. Heifers' body weight was assessed at the beginning and end of each collection period. The feed intake was measured daily. Target outcomes were evaluated at 107, 170, 208, 240, 267, and 286 DOP. The apparent total-tract digestibility was determined considering the fecal spot collection, during 5 d within each collection period. Omasal and ruminal digesta samples were collected at 107, 208, and 267 DOP for determination of partial digestibilities and diet component outflow. For these purposes, Co-EDTA and indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) were used as indicators. All data were analyzed using a mixed model framework, considering the PS and DOP as fixed effects and the animal as a random effect. Significant differences were declared when P ≤ 0.05. Pregnant heifers showed an increase in body reserves (+35 kg) from 107 to 240 DOP, but experienced a decrease in shrunk body weight (-36 kg) from 240 to 286 DOP. The intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and ash- and protein-free neutral detergent fiber (apNDF) increased as pregnancy progressed (P < 0.04). The apparent total-tract digestibility of DM tended to be lower (P = 0.09), and the apparent total-tract digestibility of apNDF was reduced (P < 0.01) in pregnant heifers. The digestibility of CP was higher (P < 0.01) on days 267 and 286 in pregnant cows compared to nonpregnant heifers. The ruminal digestibility of OM tended to be lower (P = 0.09) in pregnant beef heifers, while the ruminal digestibility of apNDF was lower (P = 0.02) in pregnant heifers compared to nonpregnant ones. The ruminal pool of wet matter and DM was lower (P ≤ 0.01) in pregnant heifers at 267 DOP. In all periods, the outflow tended to be greater (P = 0.06) in pregnant heifers compared to nonpregnant heifers. Pregnant beef heifers exhibited a faster (P = 0.01) digesta passage rate during late gestation. In conclusion, late-gestating beef heifers are less efficient in extracting energy from feed compared to nonpregnant animals.

本研究旨在量化生理状态(PS)以及该因素与怀孕天数(DOP)的潜在相互作用对肉用小母牛体重变化、摄入量和消化动力学的影响。使用了 12 头瘤胃封存的瘤牛母牛(n = 7 头怀孕母牛;n = 5 头非怀孕母牛)。小母牛被安置在单独的围栏中,饲喂中等质量的玉米青贮饲料和蛋白质补充剂。在每个采集期开始和结束时评估母牛的体重。每天测量采食量。目标结果在怀孕 107、170、208、240、267 和 286 天时进行评估。在每个采集期的五天内,通过粪便点采集确定表观总消化率。在妊娠 107 天、208 天和 267 天时采集了外消化道和瘤胃消化液样本,以测定部分消化率和日粮成分流出量。为此,使用 Co-EDTA 和难消化中性洗涤纤维 (iNDF) 作为指标。所有数据均采用混合模型框架进行分析,将 PS 和 DOP 作为固定效应,动物作为随机效应。当 P ≤ 0.05 时,差异显著。怀孕母牛在怀孕 107 天至 240 天期间体重储备增加(+35 千克),但在怀孕 240 天至 286 天期间体重缩减(-36 千克)。干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白(CP)以及无灰分和蛋白质的中性洗涤纤维(apNDF)的摄入量随着妊娠期的延长而增加(P < 0.04)。妊娠母牛的DM表观总消化率趋于降低(P = 0.09),apNDF表观总消化率降低(P < 0.01)。与非怀孕母牛相比,怀孕母牛在第 267 和 286 天的 CP 消化率更高(P < 0.01)。与非怀孕母牛相比,怀孕母牛的瘤胃对 OM 的消化率较低(P = 0.09),而对 apNDF 的消化率较低(P = 0.02)。妊娠 267 天时,妊娠母牛的瘤胃湿物质和 DM 储库较低(P ≤ 0.01)。与非怀孕母牛相比,怀孕母牛在所有时期的瘤胃流出量都更多 (P = 0.06)。在妊娠晚期,妊娠肉用小母牛的消化液通过率更快(P = 0.01)。总之,妊娠晚期的肉用小母牛与非妊娠动物相比,从饲料中提取能量的效率较低。
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引用次数: 0
Graded supplemental choline chloride fed throughout the grow and finish periods elicited minimal influence on growth performance and carcass characteristics of pigs in a commercial setting. 在商业环境中,在生长和肥育期间逐级添加氯化胆碱对猪的生长性能和胴体特性的影响最小。
IF 2.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae386
Kaitlyn M Sommer, Elli S Burris, Julianna C Jespersen, Kari Estes, Anna C Dilger, Ryan N Dilger

Choline is vital in a variety of physiological processes that influence brain development, growth, and carcass characteristics in birds and mammals. In this study, we investigated the influence of graded supplemental choline chloride on growth performance, carcass quality, and liver characteristics in grow-finish pigs. Pigs (672 barrows and 588 gilts) were obtained from a commercial nursery facility at 8 weeks of age and assigned to treatment based on body weight and sex, with 21 same-sex pigs comprising a replicate pen. Each dietary treatment was provided to 15 replicate pens, with 8 pens of barrows and 7 pens of gilts per each of 4 dietary treatments, which included: 1) C0, basal diet containing 0% of supplemental choline chloride; 2) C300, C0 + 0.06% supplemental choline chloride, to provide 300 mg/kg of choline ions; 3) C600, C0 + 0.12% supplemental choline chloride, to provide 600 mg/kg of choline ions; and 4) C900, C0 + 0.17% supplemental choline chloride, to provide 900 mg/kg of choline ions. Feed and water were provided ad libitum throughout the study, and pigs were managed using standard commercial practices. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA using the MIXED procedure of SAS, with factors including dietary treatment and sex. There was no dietary impact (P > 0.05) on growth performance. Pigs receiving intermediate levels of supplemental choline had higher (P < 0.05) tenderloin weights compared with other dietary treatments. Furthermore, and as expected, sex differences were denoted in both growth performance and carcass characteristics. Overall, graded supplementation of choline chloride did not significantly alter growth performance or carcass characteristics of pigs raised in a commercial setting.

胆碱在影响鸟类和哺乳动物大脑发育、生长和胴体特征的各种生理过程中起着至关重要的作用。在本研究中,我们研究了分级添加氯化胆碱对生长育肥猪生长性能、胴体品质和肝脏特性的影响。从8周龄的商业苗圃设施中获得猪(672头母猪和588头后备猪),并根据体重和性别分配处理,其中21头同性猪组成一个重复猪圈。每个饲粮处理设15个重复栏,4个饲粮处理中,每个重复栏分别设置8头母猪和7头后备母猪,分别为:1)C0,基础饲粮中添加0%氯化胆碱;2) C300, C0 + 0.06%添加氯化胆碱,提供300 mg/kg胆碱离子;3) C600,添加C0 + 0.12%的氯化胆碱,提供600 mg/kg胆碱离子;4) C900,添加C0 + 0.17%氯化胆碱,提供900 mg/kg胆碱离子。在整个研究过程中,饲料和水是随意提供的,猪是按照标准的商业做法管理的。采用SAS的MIXED程序对数据进行双因素方差分析,影响因素包括饮食治疗和性别。饲粮对生长性能无显著影响(P < 0.05)。与其他饲粮处理相比,添加中等水平胆碱组猪的里脊肉重显著增加(P < 0.05)。此外,正如预期的那样,在生长性能和胴体特性上都存在性别差异。总体而言,分级添加氯化胆碱不会显著改变在商业环境中饲养的猪的生长性能或胴体特征。
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引用次数: 0
Polyamines protect porcine sperm from lipopolysaccharide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis via casein kinase 2 activation. 多胺通过激活酪蛋白激酶2保护猪精子免受脂多糖诱导的线粒体功能障碍和凋亡。
IF 2.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae383
Rongnan Li, Xiaodong Wu, Jia Cheng, Zhendong Zhu, Ming Guo, Guochao Hou, Tianjiao Li, Yi Zheng, Haidong Ma, Hongzhao Lu, Xiaoxu Chen, Tao Zhang, Wenxian Zeng

Bacterial contamination is an inevitable issue during the processing of semen preservation in pigs. As a prototypical endotoxin from Gram-negative bacteria in semen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) undermines sperm function during liquid preservation. Spermine and spermidine could protect cells against LPS-induced injury, and the content of spermine and spermidine in seminal plasma is positively correlated with sperm quality. Thus, the present study aimed to clarify whether addition of spermine or spermidine is beneficial to porcine semen preservation and able to prevent LPS-induced sperm damage. The supplementation of spermine and spermidine in the diluent resulted in higher sperm motility, viability, acrosome integrity, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) after preservation in vitro at 17 °C for 7 d (P < 0.05). LPS-induced sperm quality deterioration, ΔΨm decline, cellular adenosine-triphosphate depletion, mitochondrial ultrastructure abnormality, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation, and caspase-3 activation (P < 0.05). Interestingly, spermine and spermidine alleviated the LPS-induced changes of the aforementioned parameters and mitigated the decrease in the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II (LC3-II) to LC3-I ratio. Meanwhile, the α and β subunits of casein kinase 2 (CK2) were detected at the connecting piece and the tail. Significantly, addition of 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole, a specific CK2 inhibitor, counteracted the beneficial effects of spermine and spermidine on sperm quality, mitochondrial activity, and apoptosis. Together, these results suggest that spermine and spermidine improve sperm quality and the efficiency of liquid preservation of porcine semen. Furthermore, spermine and spermidine alleviate LPS-induced sperm mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in a CK2-dependent manner.

细菌污染是猪精液保存过程中不可避免的问题。脂多糖(LPS)是精液中革兰氏阴性菌的一种典型内毒素,在液体保存过程中会破坏精子的功能。精胺和亚精胺对lps诱导的细胞损伤具有保护作用,且精浆中精胺和亚精胺含量与精子质量呈正相关。因此,本研究旨在阐明添加精胺或亚精胺是否有利于猪精液保存并能够预防脂多糖诱导的精子损伤。在体外17℃保存7 d后,在稀释液中添加精胺和亚精胺可提高精子活力、活力、顶体完整性和线粒体膜电位(ΔΨm) (P < 0.05)。LPS诱导精子质量下降、ΔΨm下降、细胞三磷酸腺苷(ATP)减少、线粒体超微结构异常、线粒体通透性过渡孔(MPTP)开放、磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)易位、caspase-3活化(P < 0.05)。有趣的是,精胺和亚精胺可以缓解lps诱导的上述参数的变化,减轻微管相关蛋白轻链3-II (LC3-II)与LC3-I比值的下降。同时,酪蛋白激酶2 (CK2)的α和β亚基在连接段和尾部被检测到。值得注意的是,添加4,5,6,7-四溴苯并三唑(TBB),一种特异性CK2抑制剂,抵消了精胺和亚精胺对精子质量、线粒体活性和凋亡的有益作用。综上所述,精胺和亚精胺提高了精子质量和猪精液液体保存效率。此外,精胺和亚精胺以ck2依赖的方式减轻lps诱导的精子线粒体功能障碍和凋亡。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of cashew nutshell extract inclusion into a high-grain finishing diet on methane emissions, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation in beef steers. 将腰果壳提取物加入高谷物育成日粮中对肉牛甲烷排放、养分消化率和瘤胃发酵的影响
IF 2.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae359
Wilmer Cuervo, Camila Gomez, Federico Tarnonsky, Ignacio Fernandez-Marenchino, Federico Podversich, Araceli Maderal, Tessa M Schulmeister, Juan de J Vargas, Nicolas DiLorenzo

By 2050, the U.S. beef industry must produce an extra 40 million tons of beef to satisfy the global demand. Such an increase in inventory will undoubtedly enhance methane (CH4) production from livestock, which should be reduced by over 20%. The addition of plant secondary metabolites, such as anacardic acid present in cashew nutshell extract (CNSE), has shown promising results in reducing CH4 yield, although its effects seemed to be diet-dependent. This study evaluated the addition of CNSE to a high-grain diet (85:15 grain:forage) on in vivo CH4 emissions, nutrient digestibility, performance, feeding behavior, and ruminal fermentation parameters of beef steers. Sixteen Angus crossbred steers [599 ± 40 kg of bodyweight (BW)] and 6 ruminally cannulated crossbred steers (490 ± 51 kg of BW) were utilized in a crossover design with 2 experimental periods of 56 d each, composed by 14 d of adaptation, 35 d of measurement, and 7 d of washout. Following adaptation, steers were sorted by BW, and assigned to receive no additive (CON) or CNSE at 5 g/steer/d. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Inclusion of CNSE increased (P < 0.05) propionate concentration and molar proportion (MP; mol/100 mol), tended to decrease acetate MP (P = 0.10), reduced the acetate:propionate (A:P) ratio (P = 0.05), and MP of branched-chain volatile fatty acids (P < 0.01). Neither in vitro organic matter digestibility nor in vitro CH4 yield were affected by CNSE inclusion (P > 0.05). Steers receiving CNSE exhibited greater (P < 0.05) final BW, dry matter intake (DMI), and average daily gain (ADG) but lesser (P < 0.05) in vivo CH4 emission rate (g/d), yield (g/kg of DMI), and intensity (g/kg of ADG). Meal length, bunk visit duration, and apparent total tract digestibility of DM increased (P < 0.05) after CNSE addition. Considering CNSE-supplemented steers spent more time in the feedbunk and exhibited higher DMI, CH4 mitigation was unlikely associated with intake reduction. The addition of CNSE to a high-grain diet in beef steers demonstrated significant improvements in animal performance and reduced CH4 emissions, as the result of shifts in ruminal fermentation patterns, favoring propionate instead of acetate concentration, leading to a reduction in the A:P ratio. CNSE shows promise as a strategy to enhance beef industry sustainability.

到 2050 年,美国牛肉业必须多生产 4000 万吨牛肉才能满足全球需求。存栏量的增加无疑会提高牲畜的甲烷(CH4)产量,而甲烷产量应减少 20% 以上。添加植物次生代谢物(如腰果壳提取物(CNSE)中的无患子酸)在减少甲烷产量方面取得了可喜的成果,但其效果似乎取决于日粮。本研究评估了在高谷物日粮(谷物与饲料的比例为 85:15)中添加腰果壳提取物对肉牛体内甲烷排放量、营养物质消化率、生产性能、采食行为和瘤胃发酵参数的影响。16 头安格斯杂交母牛(体重为 599 ± 40 千克)和 6 头反刍插管杂交母牛(体重为 490 ± 51 千克)采用交叉设计,每个实验期为 56 天,包括 14 天适应期、35 天测量期和 7 天冲洗期。适应期结束后,按体重对阉牛进行分类,并将其分配为不添加添加剂(CON)或添加 5 克/阉牛/天的 CNSE。数据使用 SAS 的 MIXED 程序进行分析。添加 CNSE 会增加(P < 0.05)乙酸盐浓度和摩尔比例(MP;摩尔/100 摩尔),有降低乙酸盐 MP 的趋势(P = 0.10),降低乙酸盐:丙酸盐(A:P)比率(P = 0.05)和支链挥发性脂肪酸的 MP(P < 0.01)。体外有机物消化率和体外甲烷产量均不受 CNSE 添加量的影响(P > 0.05)。接受 CNSE 的陡坡牛最终体重、干物质摄入量 (DMI) 和平均日增重 (ADG) 较大(P < 0.05),但体内 CH4 排放率(克/天)、产量(克/千克 DMI)和强度(克/千克 ADG)较小(P < 0.05)。添加 CNSE 后,膳食长度、巡仓时间和 DM 的表观总消化率均有所增加(P < 0.05)。考虑到添加了 CNSE 的阉牛在饲槽中停留的时间更长,DMI 也更高,CH4 减排不太可能与采食量减少有关。在肉牛的高谷物日粮中添加 CNSE 可显著提高动物的生产性能并减少 CH4 排放,这是因为瘤胃发酵模式发生了变化,有利于丙酸盐而不是醋酸盐浓度,从而降低了 A:P 比值。CNSE有望成为提高牛肉业可持续性的一种策略。
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引用次数: 0
Mogroside V protects lipopolysaccharides-induced lung inflammation chicken via suppressing inflammation mediated by the Th17 through the gut-lung axis. 苦参苷V通过抑制Th17介导的肠-肺轴炎症,保护脂多糖诱导的肺炎症鸡。
IF 2.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae388
Yuan Li, Kai Wang, Dan Shen, Junze Liu, Sheng Li, Luyao Liu, Kentaro Nagaoka, Chunmei Li

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure triggers pulmonary inflammation, leading to compromised lung function in broiler. As amplified by policy restrictions on antibiotic usage, seeking antibiotic alternatives has become imperative. Mogroside V (MGV) has been reported to have a beneficial role in livestock and poultry production due to its remarkable antiinflammatory effects. Despite evidence showcasing MGV's efficacy against LPS-triggered lung inflammation, its precise mechanism of action remains elusive. In this study, we transplanted normal fecal microbiota (CF), fecal microbiota modified by MGV (MF), and sterile fecal filtrate (MS) into broiler with LPS-induced pneumonia. The results showed that through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), transplanting MGV-induced microbial populations significantly mitigated tissue damage induced by LPS and enhanced the mRNA level of pulmonary tight junction proteins and mucoprotein (P < 0.01). The expression levels of RORα (P < 0.001), Foxp3 (P < 0.01), and PD-L1 (P < 0.01) were significantly increased in the MF group than CF group. The concentrations of IL-6 and IL-17 in broilers lung tissue of MF group were lower than those in broilers of CF group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the concentration of TGF-β in broilers serum of MS and MF groups was higher than those in broilers of CF group (P < 0.05). Microbial community analysis demonstrated that at genus level, the harmful bacterial populations Escherichia-Shigella and Helicobacter following FMT treatment were significantly reduced in MF group (P < 0.05), potentially mediating its protective effects. Compared with CF group, valerate content and FFAR2 mRNA expression levels in MF group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The study suggests that MGV via the gut-lung axis, attenuates Th17-mediated inflammation, offering promise as a therapeutic strategy against LPS-induced lung inflammation in chickens.

脂多糖(LPS)暴露会引发肺部炎症,导致肉鸡肺功能受损。由于对抗生素使用的政策限制,寻求抗生素替代品已成为当务之急。据报道,由于其显著的抗炎作用,苦参苷V (MGV)在畜禽生产中具有有益作用。尽管有证据表明MGV对lps引发的肺部炎症有效,但其确切的作用机制仍然难以捉摸。在本研究中,我们将正常的粪便微生物群(CF)、经MGV修饰的粪便微生物群(MF)和无菌粪便滤液(MS)移植到lps诱导的肺炎肉鸡体内。结果表明,通过粪便微生物群移植,移植mgm诱导的微生物群可显著减轻LPS诱导的组织损伤,提高肺紧密连接蛋白和黏液蛋白mRNA水平(P < 0.01)。MF组RORα (P < 0.001)、Foxp3 (P < 0.01)、PD-L1 (P < 0.01)表达量显著高于CF组。MF组肉仔鸡肺组织中IL-6和IL-17的浓度低于CF组(P < 0.05)。此外,MS组和MF组肉鸡血清中TGF-β浓度均高于对照组(P < 0.05)。微生物群落分析表明,在属水平上,FMT处理后MF组有害细菌数量显著减少(P < 0.05),可能介导了FMT的保护作用。与CF组相比,MF组戊酸盐含量和FFAR2 mRNA表达量显著升高(P < 0.05)。该研究表明,MGV通过肠-肺轴,减轻了th17介导的炎症,为对抗lps诱导的鸡肺部炎症的治疗策略提供了希望。
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Journal of animal science
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