Ashir F Atoo, Crystal L Levesque, Robert Thaler, Keith Underwood, Erin Beyer, Jorge Y Perez-Palencia
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary fat source and feeding duration on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of finishing pigs. A total of 450 twenty-one-week-old finishing pigs with an average body weight of 113.7 ± 8 kg were housed in 90 pens assigned to one of five dietary treatments in a 2×2 + 1 factorial design. Dietary treatments consisted of two fat sources (CWG: 4% inclusion of choice white grease and HOSO: 4% inclusion of high oleic soybean oil) each provided 2 or 4 weeks before marketing. The “+1” diet was corn-based without fat inclusion (CON). Observations included growth performance, carcass characteristics, fatty acid (FA) profile, and sensory evaluation. Data was analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS considering dietary treatment as a main effect, feeding duration, and their interactions. Pre-planned contrasts were used to compare dietary treatments with the control. From d14 to 28 and the overall experimental period (d0–28), pigs fed fat-supplemented diets had a greater (P<0.05) average daily gain and gain-to-feed ratio than CON-fed pigs. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in growth performance when comparing fat sources or feeding periods. Pigs supplemented with either CWG or HOSO showed a tendency to have a greater (P<0.10) belly weight and belly yield and a lesser (P<0.10) loin yield and loin muscle area when compared with CON pigs. The loin from pigs fed fat sources had greater (P<0.05) oleic acid and eicosenoic acid concentration when compared with CON. When CWG was compared with HOSO, pigs fed CWG had a higher (P<0.05) concentration of palmitic acid and stearic acid while the HOSO pigs had a higher concentration of oleic acid and linolenic acid in the loin. In the belly, CON had a higher (P<0.05) concentration of palmitic acid and stearic acid compared to HOSO, while pigs fed fat sources had a higher concentration of oleic acid and eicosenoic acid. Bellies from HOSO had higher (P<0.05) oleic acid and α-linolenic acid methyl ester concentrations, while CWG had higher concentrations of g-linolenic acid. For the sensory evaluation, the palatability and acceptability of pork were not affected (P>0.05) by dietary treatments. In conclusion, supplementation with HOSO not only improved performance but tended to improve some carcass characteristics and increased the concentration of oleic acid and some other unsaturated FA with a concomitant decrease in the concentration of some saturated FA in pork.
{"title":"Effect of feeding high oleic soybean oil to finishing pigs on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality","authors":"Ashir F Atoo, Crystal L Levesque, Robert Thaler, Keith Underwood, Erin Beyer, Jorge Y Perez-Palencia","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae393","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary fat source and feeding duration on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of finishing pigs. A total of 450 twenty-one-week-old finishing pigs with an average body weight of 113.7 ± 8 kg were housed in 90 pens assigned to one of five dietary treatments in a 2×2 + 1 factorial design. Dietary treatments consisted of two fat sources (CWG: 4% inclusion of choice white grease and HOSO: 4% inclusion of high oleic soybean oil) each provided 2 or 4 weeks before marketing. The “+1” diet was corn-based without fat inclusion (CON). Observations included growth performance, carcass characteristics, fatty acid (FA) profile, and sensory evaluation. Data was analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS considering dietary treatment as a main effect, feeding duration, and their interactions. Pre-planned contrasts were used to compare dietary treatments with the control. From d14 to 28 and the overall experimental period (d0–28), pigs fed fat-supplemented diets had a greater (P&lt;0.05) average daily gain and gain-to-feed ratio than CON-fed pigs. There was no significant difference (P&gt;0.05) in growth performance when comparing fat sources or feeding periods. Pigs supplemented with either CWG or HOSO showed a tendency to have a greater (P&lt;0.10) belly weight and belly yield and a lesser (P&lt;0.10) loin yield and loin muscle area when compared with CON pigs. The loin from pigs fed fat sources had greater (P&lt;0.05) oleic acid and eicosenoic acid concentration when compared with CON. When CWG was compared with HOSO, pigs fed CWG had a higher (P&lt;0.05) concentration of palmitic acid and stearic acid while the HOSO pigs had a higher concentration of oleic acid and linolenic acid in the loin. In the belly, CON had a higher (P&lt;0.05) concentration of palmitic acid and stearic acid compared to HOSO, while pigs fed fat sources had a higher concentration of oleic acid and eicosenoic acid. Bellies from HOSO had higher (P&lt;0.05) oleic acid and α-linolenic acid methyl ester concentrations, while CWG had higher concentrations of g-linolenic acid. For the sensory evaluation, the palatability and acceptability of pork were not affected (P&gt;0.05) by dietary treatments. In conclusion, supplementation with HOSO not only improved performance but tended to improve some carcass characteristics and increased the concentration of oleic acid and some other unsaturated FA with a concomitant decrease in the concentration of some saturated FA in pork.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alice Markey, Christine Groβe-Brinkhaus, Daniel Mörlein, Johanna Mörlein, Hélène Wilmot, Ernst Tholen, Nicolas Gengler
Using genetic selection for raising intact boars, which improves growth and feed efficiency, is a promising alternative to castration for mitigating boar taint. Selective breeding has the potential to help to identify and select for genetic lines with a reduced risk of boar taint. Common phenotypes are laboratory measurements of skatole (SKA) and androstenone (ANON) i.e., the major compounds responsible for boar taint, in backfat. However, an alternative exists: sensory evaluation by human assessors. The objectives of this study were (1) to estimate the genetic relationships among sensory scores (SENS) obtained by different assessors, (2) to correlate these scores with SKA and ANON, (3) to establish the independence of SENS from the causal traits, here SKA and ANON, by recursive modeling, holding those constant, and (4) to combine different assessors to allow an efficient selection against boar taint. Data included up to 1016 records of SKA, ANON and SENS (0 to 5) from 10 trained assessors on the backfat of intact males reared at least until puberty at three performance testing stations testing the products of Pietrain × commercial crossbred sows. Genetic parameters were estimated using restricted estimate maximum likelihood. Traits SKA and ANON were log (base 10) transformed (SKAt and ANONt) and SENS traits were Snell transformed SENS (SENSt). Heritability estimates were 0.52 for SKAt and 0.53 for ANONt, those for SENSt ranged from 0.07 to 0.30. Moderate to high genetic correlations between some SENSt and SKAt (up to 0.87) and ANONt (up to 0.61) were found. Heritabilities and correlations indicated that some SENSt could be used to select against boar taint. Studying the independence of SENSt from SKAt and ANONt based on a posteriori recursive model revealed a large range of reductions of genetic variance: up to 71.08 %. However, some SENSt remained moderately heritable (0.04 to 0.19) indicating independent genetic variance from SKAt and ANONt. This reflects that some heritable compounds potentially not related to SKA or ANON are perceived. Finally, the combination of assessors allowed, here shown with three assessors, to obtain a high heritability of 0.40, associated to high genetic and phenotypic correlations. Moreover, these results demonstrate the potential of using the sensory scores of several trained assessors for selection against boar taint.
{"title":"Genetic investigations into the use of sensory evaluation: The case of boar taint discrimination in Pietrain sired crossbreds","authors":"Alice Markey, Christine Groβe-Brinkhaus, Daniel Mörlein, Johanna Mörlein, Hélène Wilmot, Ernst Tholen, Nicolas Gengler","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae389","url":null,"abstract":"Using genetic selection for raising intact boars, which improves growth and feed efficiency, is a promising alternative to castration for mitigating boar taint. Selective breeding has the potential to help to identify and select for genetic lines with a reduced risk of boar taint. Common phenotypes are laboratory measurements of skatole (SKA) and androstenone (ANON) i.e., the major compounds responsible for boar taint, in backfat. However, an alternative exists: sensory evaluation by human assessors. The objectives of this study were (1) to estimate the genetic relationships among sensory scores (SENS) obtained by different assessors, (2) to correlate these scores with SKA and ANON, (3) to establish the independence of SENS from the causal traits, here SKA and ANON, by recursive modeling, holding those constant, and (4) to combine different assessors to allow an efficient selection against boar taint. Data included up to 1016 records of SKA, ANON and SENS (0 to 5) from 10 trained assessors on the backfat of intact males reared at least until puberty at three performance testing stations testing the products of Pietrain × commercial crossbred sows. Genetic parameters were estimated using restricted estimate maximum likelihood. Traits SKA and ANON were log (base 10) transformed (SKAt and ANONt) and SENS traits were Snell transformed SENS (SENSt). Heritability estimates were 0.52 for SKAt and 0.53 for ANONt, those for SENSt ranged from 0.07 to 0.30. Moderate to high genetic correlations between some SENSt and SKAt (up to 0.87) and ANONt (up to 0.61) were found. Heritabilities and correlations indicated that some SENSt could be used to select against boar taint. Studying the independence of SENSt from SKAt and ANONt based on a posteriori recursive model revealed a large range of reductions of genetic variance: up to 71.08 %. However, some SENSt remained moderately heritable (0.04 to 0.19) indicating independent genetic variance from SKAt and ANONt. This reflects that some heritable compounds potentially not related to SKA or ANON are perceived. Finally, the combination of assessors allowed, here shown with three assessors, to obtain a high heritability of 0.40, associated to high genetic and phenotypic correlations. Moreover, these results demonstrate the potential of using the sensory scores of several trained assessors for selection against boar taint.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142884222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alejandro M Pittaluga, Florencia E Miccoli, Leandro D Guerrero, Alejandro E Relling
Our objective was to evaluate the effect of a multispecies fungal extract (MFE) on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), fermentation characteristics, and rumen microbiome composition of beef cattle fed forage-based diets. For experiment 1, ruminally cannulated Angus × SimAngus cows (n = 4; body weight [BW] = 569 ± 21 kg) were used in a randomized crossover design with two 21-d study periods and a 23-d washout period to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of a MFE on in situ digestion, ruminal fermentation, and the composition of the rumen microbiome. Treatments consisted of a forage-based diet with or without the inclusion of a MFE. Rumen samples were collected on days 5, 10, and 20. Experiment 2 evaluated different inclusion rates of the MFE in a randomized complete block design using Angus × SimAngus-crossbred steers (n = 80; BW = 370 ± 44 kg). Steers were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments (2 pens/treatment): diet with no MFE, 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.08% of the MFE (dry matter (DM) basis). Steers were fed a forage-based diet for 122 d. Subsets of 10 steers/treatment were randomly selected for the determination of ATTD on d 20, 40, and 60. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. In exp 1, adding the MFE to the diet tended to increase the ruminal disappearance rate of the DM on d 10 (P = 0.06). No interactions or treatment effects were observed for the short-chain fatty acid profile of the rumen fluid (P ≥ 0.13). Metagenomic analysis of the rumen microbiome showed a MFE × d interaction for the Fibrobacter genus (P = 0.01), which on d 20 was less abundant in the rumen of cows fed the MFE. In exp 2, steers supplemented with 0.04% of MFE had a lower average daily gain and were lighter at the end of the experiment (cubic, P ≤ 0.04) compared to steers supplemented with 0.02% MFE. Steers fed the diet with 0.02% of MFE had the greatest gain to feed ratio among the MFE-supplemented groups (cubic, P < 0.01). Dietary inclusion of the MFE increased neutral detergent fiber digestibility (linear, P = 0.05). Steers supplemented with 0.04% of MFE had the greatest acid detergent fiber digestibility among treatments (quadratic, P = 0.03). Collectively, results showed that ruminal disappearance rate and digestibility of forage-based diets increased due to MFE supplementation, but did not translate into growth performance improvements or beneficially alter rumen fermentation.
{"title":"Effect of multispecies fungal extract supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and the rumen microbiome composition of beef cattle fed forage-based diets","authors":"Alejandro M Pittaluga, Florencia E Miccoli, Leandro D Guerrero, Alejandro E Relling","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae387","url":null,"abstract":"Our objective was to evaluate the effect of a multispecies fungal extract (MFE) on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), fermentation characteristics, and rumen microbiome composition of beef cattle fed forage-based diets. For experiment 1, ruminally cannulated Angus × SimAngus cows (n = 4; body weight [BW] = 569 ± 21 kg) were used in a randomized crossover design with two 21-d study periods and a 23-d washout period to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of a MFE on in situ digestion, ruminal fermentation, and the composition of the rumen microbiome. Treatments consisted of a forage-based diet with or without the inclusion of a MFE. Rumen samples were collected on days 5, 10, and 20. Experiment 2 evaluated different inclusion rates of the MFE in a randomized complete block design using Angus × SimAngus-crossbred steers (n = 80; BW = 370 ± 44 kg). Steers were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments (2 pens/treatment): diet with no MFE, 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.08% of the MFE (dry matter (DM) basis). Steers were fed a forage-based diet for 122 d. Subsets of 10 steers/treatment were randomly selected for the determination of ATTD on d 20, 40, and 60. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. In exp 1, adding the MFE to the diet tended to increase the ruminal disappearance rate of the DM on d 10 (P = 0.06). No interactions or treatment effects were observed for the short-chain fatty acid profile of the rumen fluid (P ≥ 0.13). Metagenomic analysis of the rumen microbiome showed a MFE × d interaction for the Fibrobacter genus (P = 0.01), which on d 20 was less abundant in the rumen of cows fed the MFE. In exp 2, steers supplemented with 0.04% of MFE had a lower average daily gain and were lighter at the end of the experiment (cubic, P ≤ 0.04) compared to steers supplemented with 0.02% MFE. Steers fed the diet with 0.02% of MFE had the greatest gain to feed ratio among the MFE-supplemented groups (cubic, P &lt; 0.01). Dietary inclusion of the MFE increased neutral detergent fiber digestibility (linear, P = 0.05). Steers supplemented with 0.04% of MFE had the greatest acid detergent fiber digestibility among treatments (quadratic, P = 0.03). Collectively, results showed that ruminal disappearance rate and digestibility of forage-based diets increased due to MFE supplementation, but did not translate into growth performance improvements or beneficially alter rumen fermentation.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"293 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142884190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ezequias Castillo-Lopez, Thomas Hartinger, Mohsen M Farghaly, Nicole Reisinger, Claudia Lang, Laura Klambauer, Johann Huber, Qendrim Zebeli
We recently reported factors leading to different severity of ruminal pH drop in primiparous cows fed the same diet during transition and early lactation. The present study evaluates the effects of those severities on performance and several blood and balance parameters in the same 24 primiparous cows from 3 wk before calving until wk 10 in lactation. Dietary concentrate was increased for all cows from 32 before calving to 60% (DM basis) over the first wk in lactation, resulting in a diet with 40% non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC), and 14.4% physically effective fiber (peNDF>8). Ruminal pH was monitored with indwelling systems in all cows during the study; then several indices of duration and magnitude of pH change were used as indicators of the severity of ruminal pH drop. Accordingly, as reported in the companion paper, the cows were classified as either higher pH drop (HIGH; n = 9), moderate (MOD; n = 9) and lower (LOW; n = 6) severity of pH drop. In the present report, body weight, body condition score, and back fat thickness decreased but rumen mucosa thickness increased after calving in all cows (P < 0.05). Post-partum daily energy intake in HIGH was greater (P < 0.05) than the other categories. In addition, there were 5.6 kg extra of energy-corrected milk in HIGH (P < 0.05). Independent of severity of pH drop, blood glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, bilirubin and cortisol were higher, whereas triglycerides, total protein, globulin, albumin, urea nitrogen, cholesterol, calcium and phosphorous were lower at calving (P < 0.05). Blood cholesterol was greater in HIGH than the other pH categories (P < 0.05); insulin and reproductive variables were not affected by severity of pH drop. Overall, primiparous cows fed the same diet showed different severity of ruminal pH drop, but the individual variation in ruminal pH depression was not related to a negative impact on milk yield, energy balance or blood metabolites during the study. This indicates that the impact of low ruminal pH on the animals may depend not only on severity of the pH drop (average of 403 min/d of pH<5.8 over 13 wk) but also on diet characteristics. Specifically, drops of ruminal pH can be tolerated by primiparous cows during the first 10 wk in milk consuming a diet containing 40% NFC and 14.4% peNDF>8. It would be worth studying the severity of ruminal pH drop in a larger sample size during the entire lactation and if the severity is sustained on the next lactation.
{"title":"Differences in severity of reticulo-rumen pH drop in primiparous Holstein cows fed the same diet during transition and early lactation: effects on performance, energy balance, blood metabolites, and reproduction","authors":"Ezequias Castillo-Lopez, Thomas Hartinger, Mohsen M Farghaly, Nicole Reisinger, Claudia Lang, Laura Klambauer, Johann Huber, Qendrim Zebeli","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae390","url":null,"abstract":"We recently reported factors leading to different severity of ruminal pH drop in primiparous cows fed the same diet during transition and early lactation. The present study evaluates the effects of those severities on performance and several blood and balance parameters in the same 24 primiparous cows from 3 wk before calving until wk 10 in lactation. Dietary concentrate was increased for all cows from 32 before calving to 60% (DM basis) over the first wk in lactation, resulting in a diet with 40% non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC), and 14.4% physically effective fiber (peNDF&gt;8). Ruminal pH was monitored with indwelling systems in all cows during the study; then several indices of duration and magnitude of pH change were used as indicators of the severity of ruminal pH drop. Accordingly, as reported in the companion paper, the cows were classified as either higher pH drop (HIGH; n = 9), moderate (MOD; n = 9) and lower (LOW; n = 6) severity of pH drop. In the present report, body weight, body condition score, and back fat thickness decreased but rumen mucosa thickness increased after calving in all cows (P &lt; 0.05). Post-partum daily energy intake in HIGH was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than the other categories. In addition, there were 5.6 kg extra of energy-corrected milk in HIGH (P &lt; 0.05). Independent of severity of pH drop, blood glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, bilirubin and cortisol were higher, whereas triglycerides, total protein, globulin, albumin, urea nitrogen, cholesterol, calcium and phosphorous were lower at calving (P &lt; 0.05). Blood cholesterol was greater in HIGH than the other pH categories (P &lt; 0.05); insulin and reproductive variables were not affected by severity of pH drop. Overall, primiparous cows fed the same diet showed different severity of ruminal pH drop, but the individual variation in ruminal pH depression was not related to a negative impact on milk yield, energy balance or blood metabolites during the study. This indicates that the impact of low ruminal pH on the animals may depend not only on severity of the pH drop (average of 403 min/d of pH&lt;5.8 over 13 wk) but also on diet characteristics. Specifically, drops of ruminal pH can be tolerated by primiparous cows during the first 10 wk in milk consuming a diet containing 40% NFC and 14.4% peNDF&gt;8. It would be worth studying the severity of ruminal pH drop in a larger sample size during the entire lactation and if the severity is sustained on the next lactation.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142884221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rong Ma, Min Wang, Qing Ma, Yiming Zhang, Fangzheng Shang, Ruijun Wang, Yanjun Zhang
The cashmere goat is a type of livestock primarily known for its cashmere. Cashmere has a soft hand feel and good luster. It is a vital raw material in the textile industry, possessing significant economic value. Improving the yield and quality of cashmere can accelerate the development of the cashmere industry and increase the incomes of farmers and herdsmen. The embryonic stage is the main stage of the formation of hair follicle structure, which directly affects the yield and quality of cashmere. With the rapid advancements in modern molecular technology and high-throughput sequencing, many signaling molecules have been identified as playing critical roles in hair follicle development. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), which lacks protein-coding ability and exceeds 200 nucleotides in length, has been discovered to play a role in hair follicle development. In this study, the lncRNA MSTRG.14227.1, which is associated with the morphogenesis of secondary hair follicles, was screened and identified based on previously established lncRNA expression profiles derived from skin tissues of cashmere goats at different embryonic stages. This lncRNA has been shown to inhibit the proliferation and migration of dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, we confirmed through bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assays that lncRNA MSTRG.14227.1 can function as a sponge for chi-miR-433, thereby alleviating the inhibitory effect of chi-miR-433 on its target gene ADAMTS3. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that lncRNA MSTRG.14227.1 can inhibit the morphogenesis of secondary hair follicles through the chi-miR-433/ ADAMTS3 signaling axis.
{"title":"LncRNA MSTRG.14227.1 regulates the morphogenesis of secondary hair follicles in inner mongolia cashmere goats via targeting ADAMTS3 by sponging chi-miR-433","authors":"Rong Ma, Min Wang, Qing Ma, Yiming Zhang, Fangzheng Shang, Ruijun Wang, Yanjun Zhang","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae382","url":null,"abstract":"The cashmere goat is a type of livestock primarily known for its cashmere. Cashmere has a soft hand feel and good luster. It is a vital raw material in the textile industry, possessing significant economic value. Improving the yield and quality of cashmere can accelerate the development of the cashmere industry and increase the incomes of farmers and herdsmen. The embryonic stage is the main stage of the formation of hair follicle structure, which directly affects the yield and quality of cashmere. With the rapid advancements in modern molecular technology and high-throughput sequencing, many signaling molecules have been identified as playing critical roles in hair follicle development. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), which lacks protein-coding ability and exceeds 200 nucleotides in length, has been discovered to play a role in hair follicle development. In this study, the lncRNA MSTRG.14227.1, which is associated with the morphogenesis of secondary hair follicles, was screened and identified based on previously established lncRNA expression profiles derived from skin tissues of cashmere goats at different embryonic stages. This lncRNA has been shown to inhibit the proliferation and migration of dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, we confirmed through bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assays that lncRNA MSTRG.14227.1 can function as a sponge for chi-miR-433, thereby alleviating the inhibitory effect of chi-miR-433 on its target gene ADAMTS3. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that lncRNA MSTRG.14227.1 can inhibit the morphogenesis of secondary hair follicles through the chi-miR-433/ ADAMTS3 signaling axis.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142879799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniella Heredia, Federico Tarnonsky, Maria C Lopez-Duarte, Mauro Venturini, Federico Podversich, Oscar A Ojeda-Rojas, Francisco Peñagaricano, Ricardo C Chebel, Daniel Luchini, Peter J Hansen, Nicolas DiLorenzo, Angela M Gonella-Diaza
Changes in maternal nutrition during the periconceptional period can influence postnatal growth in cattle. This study aimed to identify the impact of supplementing beef cows with rumen-protected methionine (RP-Met) during the periconceptional period on their female progeny. In exp 1, plasma methionine (Met) levels were analyzed in samples from 10 Angus crossbred, non-lactating beef cows. Cows were randomly assigned to receive 454 g of cottonseed meal with 15 g/d of RP-Met (RPM; Smartamine M, Adisseo) or not (CON) for 5 d and data were analyzed as a completely randomized design with repeated measures. A treatment-by-day interaction was observed (P < 0.001), where plasma Met concentrations increased in the RPM treatment yet remained basal in CON. In exp 2, 114 cows were fed a roughage-based diet and randomized to receive 454 g/d of corn gluten supplemented with 15 g/d of RP-Met (RPM n = 56) or not (CON n = 58) from d -7 to 7 relative to timed artificial insemination (TAI) using sexed semen to obtain females. Amino acids were measured in plasma samples from d -8, 0, and 7 in cows. In the female progeny, body weight, withers height, body length, and heart girth were measured every 60 d from birth through weaning at an average age of 242 ± 5.8 d. Liver, adipose tissue, and longissimus dorsi muscle biopsies were collected at 187.88 ± 5.5 d of age and a subset of 20 random samples (CON = 10; RPM = 10) were selected for RNA-seq on each tissue. data were analyzed as a generalized randomized block design with repeated measures. Methionine was increased (P < 0.01) in plasma from cows in the RPM treatment on d 0 and 7. After calving, 34 female calves (CON = 16; RPM = 18) remained in the study and no difference was observed in birth weights between treatments. Calves were taller at the withers for RPM than CON (P = 0.03; CON = 92 ± 1.0 cm; RPM = 95 ± 1 cm) but there were no effects of treatment on other measures of body size. A total of 30, 24, and 2 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; P < 0.01) were observed in liver, longissimus dorsi muscle, and adipose tissue respectively. In summary, feeding RP-Met to cows in the periconceptional period resulted in female calves that were taller than CON before weaning. There were DEGs in the tissue samples but no other changes in measurements associated with body size. In conclusion, supplementation of RP-Met to beef cows during the periconceptional period caused minor changes in the female offspring before weaning.
{"title":"Impact of dietary supplementation of beef cows with rumen-protected methionine during the periconceptional period on prenatal growth and performance to weaning","authors":"Daniella Heredia, Federico Tarnonsky, Maria C Lopez-Duarte, Mauro Venturini, Federico Podversich, Oscar A Ojeda-Rojas, Francisco Peñagaricano, Ricardo C Chebel, Daniel Luchini, Peter J Hansen, Nicolas DiLorenzo, Angela M Gonella-Diaza","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae384","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in maternal nutrition during the periconceptional period can influence postnatal growth in cattle. This study aimed to identify the impact of supplementing beef cows with rumen-protected methionine (RP-Met) during the periconceptional period on their female progeny. In exp 1, plasma methionine (Met) levels were analyzed in samples from 10 Angus crossbred, non-lactating beef cows. Cows were randomly assigned to receive 454 g of cottonseed meal with 15 g/d of RP-Met (RPM; Smartamine M, Adisseo) or not (CON) for 5 d and data were analyzed as a completely randomized design with repeated measures. A treatment-by-day interaction was observed (P &lt; 0.001), where plasma Met concentrations increased in the RPM treatment yet remained basal in CON. In exp 2, 114 cows were fed a roughage-based diet and randomized to receive 454 g/d of corn gluten supplemented with 15 g/d of RP-Met (RPM n = 56) or not (CON n = 58) from d -7 to 7 relative to timed artificial insemination (TAI) using sexed semen to obtain females. Amino acids were measured in plasma samples from d -8, 0, and 7 in cows. In the female progeny, body weight, withers height, body length, and heart girth were measured every 60 d from birth through weaning at an average age of 242 ± 5.8 d. Liver, adipose tissue, and longissimus dorsi muscle biopsies were collected at 187.88 ± 5.5 d of age and a subset of 20 random samples (CON = 10; RPM = 10) were selected for RNA-seq on each tissue. data were analyzed as a generalized randomized block design with repeated measures. Methionine was increased (P &lt; 0.01) in plasma from cows in the RPM treatment on d 0 and 7. After calving, 34 female calves (CON = 16; RPM = 18) remained in the study and no difference was observed in birth weights between treatments. Calves were taller at the withers for RPM than CON (P = 0.03; CON = 92 ± 1.0 cm; RPM = 95 ± 1 cm) but there were no effects of treatment on other measures of body size. A total of 30, 24, and 2 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; P &lt; 0.01) were observed in liver, longissimus dorsi muscle, and adipose tissue respectively. In summary, feeding RP-Met to cows in the periconceptional period resulted in female calves that were taller than CON before weaning. There were DEGs in the tissue samples but no other changes in measurements associated with body size. In conclusion, supplementation of RP-Met to beef cows during the periconceptional period caused minor changes in the female offspring before weaning.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"265 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Larissa L Becker, Paula Giacomini, Mike D Tokach, Robert D Goodband, Joel M DeRouchey, Jason C Woodworth, Annie B Lerner, Jordan T Gebhardt
A total of 3,307 (PIC L 42) sows and 55,160 piglets were used to determine the effects of different farrowing systems on piglet livability and lifetime growth performance. Treatments were assigned to farrowing rooms and consisted of a conventional farrowing system (sows and piglets housed in individual farrowing stalls) or a pre-weaning socialization system (stall dividers removed between farrowing stalls and walkways within 6 to 24 h post-farrowing such that 12 to 32 litters of piglets were co-mingled). A total of 40 farrowing rooms with 80 stalls each were used with 20 rooms per treatment. Pigs were weaned at approximately 23 d of age. No differences were observed in lactation length, total born, born alive, stillborn, mummies, or number of pigs weaned. Pre-wean mortality was increased (P < 0.001) for pigs from the pre-weaning socialization system compared to the conventional farrowing system (14.7 vs 12.6%, respectively). At weaning, a subset of offspring (4,313 pigs initially 5.4 ± 0.15 kg) were transported to a commercial research facility to evaluate lifetime performance. Weaning weights were heavier (P < 0.001) for pigs in the conventional farrowing system compared to the pre-weaning socialization system. Pigs were housed in pens according to sow treatment with 44 to 46 pigs per pen and 48 pens per treatment. During the nursery and finishing periods, pigs from the conventional farrowing system had increased (P < 0.001) BW, ADG, and ADFI, but decreased G:F compared to the pre-weaning socialization system. In the nursery phase, removals, mortality, and total removals and mortality were greater (P ≤ 0.059) for pigs raised in the pre-weaning socialization system than the conventional farrowing system, but no differences were observed in the finishing phase. Overall (d 23 to 183), pigs from the conventional farrowing system had increased (P ≤ 0.001) BW, ADG, and ADFI, but decreased (P = 0.010) G:F compared to the pre-weaning socialization system. No differences were observed for overall removals and mortality after weaning. Pigs from the conventional farrowing system had increased (P ≤ 0.094) live BW, HCW, carcass yield, loin depth, and percentage lean compared to the pre-weaning socialization system. No differences were observed in backfat. In summary, pigs raised in a conventional farrowing system had increased livability, lifetime growth performance, and improved carcass characteristics compared to the pre-weaning socialization system.
{"title":"Effects of a pre-weaning socialization system on piglet livability, lifetime growth performance, and subsequent sow performance","authors":"Larissa L Becker, Paula Giacomini, Mike D Tokach, Robert D Goodband, Joel M DeRouchey, Jason C Woodworth, Annie B Lerner, Jordan T Gebhardt","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae385","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 3,307 (PIC L 42) sows and 55,160 piglets were used to determine the effects of different farrowing systems on piglet livability and lifetime growth performance. Treatments were assigned to farrowing rooms and consisted of a conventional farrowing system (sows and piglets housed in individual farrowing stalls) or a pre-weaning socialization system (stall dividers removed between farrowing stalls and walkways within 6 to 24 h post-farrowing such that 12 to 32 litters of piglets were co-mingled). A total of 40 farrowing rooms with 80 stalls each were used with 20 rooms per treatment. Pigs were weaned at approximately 23 d of age. No differences were observed in lactation length, total born, born alive, stillborn, mummies, or number of pigs weaned. Pre-wean mortality was increased (P &lt; 0.001) for pigs from the pre-weaning socialization system compared to the conventional farrowing system (14.7 vs 12.6%, respectively). At weaning, a subset of offspring (4,313 pigs initially 5.4 ± 0.15 kg) were transported to a commercial research facility to evaluate lifetime performance. Weaning weights were heavier (P &lt; 0.001) for pigs in the conventional farrowing system compared to the pre-weaning socialization system. Pigs were housed in pens according to sow treatment with 44 to 46 pigs per pen and 48 pens per treatment. During the nursery and finishing periods, pigs from the conventional farrowing system had increased (P &lt; 0.001) BW, ADG, and ADFI, but decreased G:F compared to the pre-weaning socialization system. In the nursery phase, removals, mortality, and total removals and mortality were greater (P ≤ 0.059) for pigs raised in the pre-weaning socialization system than the conventional farrowing system, but no differences were observed in the finishing phase. Overall (d 23 to 183), pigs from the conventional farrowing system had increased (P ≤ 0.001) BW, ADG, and ADFI, but decreased (P = 0.010) G:F compared to the pre-weaning socialization system. No differences were observed for overall removals and mortality after weaning. Pigs from the conventional farrowing system had increased (P ≤ 0.094) live BW, HCW, carcass yield, loin depth, and percentage lean compared to the pre-weaning socialization system. No differences were observed in backfat. In summary, pigs raised in a conventional farrowing system had increased livability, lifetime growth performance, and improved carcass characteristics compared to the pre-weaning socialization system.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shiv R Vasa, Gillian E Gardiner, Paul Cormican, Keelin O’Driscoll, Giuseppe Bee, Peadar G Lawlor
The objective was to evaluate the effect of providing dry pelleted starter diet (DPS) or a liquid mixture of milk replacer and starter diet (LMR+S) to suckling pigs housed in farrowing pens of sub-standard or optimal hygiene conditions on pig growth to slaughter, and post-weaning (PW) intestinal parameters. On day (d) 107 of gestation, 87 sows were randomly allocated to one of four treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. The factors were creep feeding (DPS or LMR+S) and pre-farrowing hygiene routine (SUB-STANDARD or OPTIMAL). Pigs were provided with DPS (manually) from d11 to weaning (at d28±1.2 of age) or LMR+S using an automatic liquid feeding system from d4 to weaning. The SUB-STANDARD hygiene routine (pens washed and dried for ~18 h, sows not washed or disinfected) and the OPTIMAL hygiene routine (pens pre-soaked, detergent applied, washed, dried for 3 days, chlorocresol-based disinfectant applied, dried for 3 more days and sows washed and disinfected with Virkon) were used to obtain SUB-STANDARD or OPTIMAL hygiene conditions, respectively in farrowing rooms prior to entry of sows. Microbiome analysis was performed on fecal samples from 8 focal pigs/treatment, before weaning and at d21 and d114 PW. On d4 PW, 10 pigs/treatment were euthanized to collect intestinal tissue and digesta samples for histological, enzyme activity and microbiome analysis. Feeding LMR+S to pigs born into the OPTIMAL hygiene increased total dry matter intake compared to all of the other groups (P ≤ 0.05) and increased weaning weight compared to DPS feeding under both OPTIMAL and SUB-STANDARD hygiene conditions (P ≤ 0.05). Pigs from OPTIMAL farrowing pens had lower clinical cases of disease, diarrhoea prevalence and were slaughtered 3.8 days earlier than those from SUB-STANDARD farrowing pens (P ≤ 0.05). Suckling piglet mortality was reduced with LMR+S (P ≤ 0.05). On d4 PW, jejunal and ileal villus height were increased by OPTIMAL hygiene and ileal sucrase activity was increased by LMR+S (P ≤ 0.05). On d4 PW, LMR+S-fed pigs from OPTIMAL farrowing pens had lower relative abundance of Clostridium_P in the jejunum. In conclusion, the OPTIMAL hygiene routine increased pre-weaning LMR+S feed intake, reduced clinical cases of disease, improved intestinal structure and reduced the weaning to slaughter duration, while LMR+S feeding increased weaning weight, intestinal maturity and reduced pre-weaning mortality.
本试验旨在评价在卫生条件较差或较优的猪舍中饲喂干颗粒状起始日粮（DPS）或乳代用品与起始日粮的液体混合物（LMR+S）对猪的生长和断奶后肠道参数的影响。在妊娠第107天(d)， 87头母猪按2×2因子排列随机分配到4个处理中的一个。影响因素为蠕变饲养（DPS或LMR+S）和分娩前卫生常规（不合标准或最佳）。在第11天至断奶（d28±1.2日龄）期间，采用人工饲喂DPS；在第4天至断奶期间，采用自动液体饲喂系统饲喂LMR+S。在母猪进入产房前，分别采用次标准卫生程序（猪舍清洗和干燥18小时，母猪不清洗或消毒）和最佳卫生程序（猪舍预浸泡，使用洗涤剂，清洗和干燥3天，使用氯甲酚类消毒剂，再干燥3天，母猪使用Virkon清洗和消毒）获得次标准或最佳卫生条件。在断奶前和第21和114胎重时，对8头病灶猪/治疗组的粪便样本进行微生物组分析。在PW第4天，每组10头猪实施安乐死，收集肠组织和食糜样本进行组织学、酶活性和微生物组分析。在最佳卫生条件下饲喂LMR+S的猪，与其他各组相比，总干物质采食量显著增加（P≤0.05），断奶重显著增加（P≤0.05）。最佳猪圈的猪临床发病和腹泻率低于次标准猪圈，屠宰期比次标准猪圈早3.8 d （P≤0.05）。LMR+S降低了乳猪死亡率（P≤0.05）。在第4胎时，优化卫生组提高了空肠和回肠绒毛高度，LMR+S组提高了回肠蔗糖酶活性（P≤0.05）。在第4 PW时，最佳猪圈LMR+ s喂养的猪空肠中Clostridium_P相对丰度较低。综上所述，最佳卫生习惯提高了断奶前LMR+S采食量，减少了临床疾病病例，改善了肠道结构，缩短了断奶至屠宰时间，而LMR+S饲喂提高了断奶体重、肠道成熟度，降低了断奶前死亡率。
{"title":"Effect of pre-farrowing hygiene routine (sub-standard vs. optimal) and creep feeding regime (dry pelleted starter diet vs. liquid mixture of milk replacer and starter diet) on post-weaning intestinal parameters and growth to slaughter in pigs","authors":"Shiv R Vasa, Gillian E Gardiner, Paul Cormican, Keelin O’Driscoll, Giuseppe Bee, Peadar G Lawlor","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae380","url":null,"abstract":"The objective was to evaluate the effect of providing dry pelleted starter diet (DPS) or a liquid mixture of milk replacer and starter diet (LMR+S) to suckling pigs housed in farrowing pens of sub-standard or optimal hygiene conditions on pig growth to slaughter, and post-weaning (PW) intestinal parameters. On day (d) 107 of gestation, 87 sows were randomly allocated to one of four treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. The factors were creep feeding (DPS or LMR+S) and pre-farrowing hygiene routine (SUB-STANDARD or OPTIMAL). Pigs were provided with DPS (manually) from d11 to weaning (at d28±1.2 of age) or LMR+S using an automatic liquid feeding system from d4 to weaning. The SUB-STANDARD hygiene routine (pens washed and dried for ~18 h, sows not washed or disinfected) and the OPTIMAL hygiene routine (pens pre-soaked, detergent applied, washed, dried for 3 days, chlorocresol-based disinfectant applied, dried for 3 more days and sows washed and disinfected with Virkon) were used to obtain SUB-STANDARD or OPTIMAL hygiene conditions, respectively in farrowing rooms prior to entry of sows. Microbiome analysis was performed on fecal samples from 8 focal pigs/treatment, before weaning and at d21 and d114 PW. On d4 PW, 10 pigs/treatment were euthanized to collect intestinal tissue and digesta samples for histological, enzyme activity and microbiome analysis. Feeding LMR+S to pigs born into the OPTIMAL hygiene increased total dry matter intake compared to all of the other groups (P ≤ 0.05) and increased weaning weight compared to DPS feeding under both OPTIMAL and SUB-STANDARD hygiene conditions (P ≤ 0.05). Pigs from OPTIMAL farrowing pens had lower clinical cases of disease, diarrhoea prevalence and were slaughtered 3.8 days earlier than those from SUB-STANDARD farrowing pens (P ≤ 0.05). Suckling piglet mortality was reduced with LMR+S (P ≤ 0.05). On d4 PW, jejunal and ileal villus height were increased by OPTIMAL hygiene and ileal sucrase activity was increased by LMR+S (P ≤ 0.05). On d4 PW, LMR+S-fed pigs from OPTIMAL farrowing pens had lower relative abundance of Clostridium_P in the jejunum. In conclusion, the OPTIMAL hygiene routine increased pre-weaning LMR+S feed intake, reduced clinical cases of disease, improved intestinal structure and reduced the weaning to slaughter duration, while LMR+S feeding increased weaning weight, intestinal maturity and reduced pre-weaning mortality.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The differences between the high-starch diet commonly used in rabbit farming and the natural feeding habits of rabbits may pose certain health risks. In our study, we replaced part of the starch in the feed with soybean oil and conducted a four-week feeding trial with weaned Rex rabbits. The results indicated that rabbits fed the oil-supplemented diet had a lower incidence of diarrhea, improved growth performance, and higher feed conversion efficiency, along with increased absorptive capacity of small intestine. Additionally, the composition of the cecal contents and fermentation patterns were altered; the concentration of ammonia in the cecum and the proportion of acetate among volatile fatty acids decreased, while the proportion of butyrate increased. Furthermore, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the cecum decreased, along with reductions in hepatic urea synthesis activity and urinary nitrogen excretion. These findings suggest that replacing part of the dietary starch with oil can enhance the production efficiency of Rex rabbits.
{"title":"Partially replacing dietary starch with soybean oil improved production performance of weaned Rex rabbits","authors":"Ruiguang Gong, Yuan Chen, Zhen Li, Rui Zhang, Bing Song, Shuhui Wang, Xianggui Dong, Zhanjun Ren","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae381","url":null,"abstract":"The differences between the high-starch diet commonly used in rabbit farming and the natural feeding habits of rabbits may pose certain health risks. In our study, we replaced part of the starch in the feed with soybean oil and conducted a four-week feeding trial with weaned Rex rabbits. The results indicated that rabbits fed the oil-supplemented diet had a lower incidence of diarrhea, improved growth performance, and higher feed conversion efficiency, along with increased absorptive capacity of small intestine. Additionally, the composition of the cecal contents and fermentation patterns were altered; the concentration of ammonia in the cecum and the proportion of acetate among volatile fatty acids decreased, while the proportion of butyrate increased. Furthermore, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the cecum decreased, along with reductions in hepatic urea synthesis activity and urinary nitrogen excretion. These findings suggest that replacing part of the dietary starch with oil can enhance the production efficiency of Rex rabbits.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of supplemental Zn within steroidal implant strategy on performance, carcass characteristics, trace mineral status, and muscle gene expression were tested in a 59-d study using 128 Angus-crossbred steers (492 ± 29 kg) in a 2 × 4 complete randomized design. Implant strategies included no implant (NoIMP) or Component TE-200 (TE200; Elanco, Greenfield, IN) administered on d 0. Zinc was supplemented at 0, 30, 100, or 150 mg Zn/kg dry matter (Zn0, Zn30, Zn100, Zn150, respectively) from ZnSO4. Steers were stratified by body weight (BW) to pens (n = 5 or 6 steers/pen) equipped with GrowSafe bunks (GrowSafe Systems Ltd., Airdrie, AB, Canada) and assigned treatments (n = 15, 16, or 17 steers/treatment). Cattle were weighed on d -1, 0, 18, and 59 with blood collected on d -1, 18, 40, and 59. Muscle samples were collected from the longissimus thoracis on d 11 and liver samples collected on d 55 or 56. Data were analyzed using the Mixed Procedure of SAS via contrast statements testing the linear and quadratic response to Zn supplementation within implant treatment and NoIMP vs. TE200 for performance, carcass, blood, and liver parameters. Specific contrast statements were formed for the analysis of gene expression in muscle including: Zn0 vs. Zn150 within NoIMP and TE200, NoIMP vs. TE200 (Zn0 and Zn150 only), and the linear effect of supplementing Zn0, Zn100, and Zn150 within TE200. Steer was the experimental unit. Day 18 BW and d 0-18 average daily gain (ADG) were linearly increased due to Zn supplementation within TE200 (P ≤ 0.002) in conjunction with a linear increase from Zn in d 11 muscle epidermal growth factor receptor, matrix metalloproteinase 2, and phosphodiesterase 4B gene expression of TE200 steers (P ≤ 0.05). Plasma Zn on d 18 and 40 linearly increased with increasing Zn supplementation regardless of implant treatment (P ≤ 0.03) and was lesser for TE200 than NoIMP steers on d 18 (P = 0.001). Day 59 BW and hot carcass weight (HCW) were greater for TE200 vs. NoIMP (P ≤ 0.002) and HCW of implanted steers tended to linearly increase with increasing Zn supplementation (P = 0.09). No effects of Zn supplementation were observed in NoIMP for HCW, BW, or ADG (P ≥ 0.17). Yield grade and 12th rib fat tended to quadratically decrease within NoIMP (P ≤ 0.09), with Zn100 being most lean. These data indicate increasing supplemental Zn influences steroidal implant signaling machinery while increasing the Zn status and implant-induced growth of feedlot cattle.
{"title":"Effects Of Increasing Supplemental Zinc To Non-Implanted And Implanted Finishing Steers","authors":"Elizabeth M Messersmith, Stephanie L Hansen","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae365","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of supplemental Zn within steroidal implant strategy on performance, carcass characteristics, trace mineral status, and muscle gene expression were tested in a 59-d study using 128 Angus-crossbred steers (492 ± 29 kg) in a 2 × 4 complete randomized design. Implant strategies included no implant (NoIMP) or Component TE-200 (TE200; Elanco, Greenfield, IN) administered on d 0. Zinc was supplemented at 0, 30, 100, or 150 mg Zn/kg dry matter (Zn0, Zn30, Zn100, Zn150, respectively) from ZnSO4. Steers were stratified by body weight (BW) to pens (n = 5 or 6 steers/pen) equipped with GrowSafe bunks (GrowSafe Systems Ltd., Airdrie, AB, Canada) and assigned treatments (n = 15, 16, or 17 steers/treatment). Cattle were weighed on d -1, 0, 18, and 59 with blood collected on d -1, 18, 40, and 59. Muscle samples were collected from the longissimus thoracis on d 11 and liver samples collected on d 55 or 56. Data were analyzed using the Mixed Procedure of SAS via contrast statements testing the linear and quadratic response to Zn supplementation within implant treatment and NoIMP vs. TE200 for performance, carcass, blood, and liver parameters. Specific contrast statements were formed for the analysis of gene expression in muscle including: Zn0 vs. Zn150 within NoIMP and TE200, NoIMP vs. TE200 (Zn0 and Zn150 only), and the linear effect of supplementing Zn0, Zn100, and Zn150 within TE200. Steer was the experimental unit. Day 18 BW and d 0-18 average daily gain (ADG) were linearly increased due to Zn supplementation within TE200 (P ≤ 0.002) in conjunction with a linear increase from Zn in d 11 muscle epidermal growth factor receptor, matrix metalloproteinase 2, and phosphodiesterase 4B gene expression of TE200 steers (P ≤ 0.05). Plasma Zn on d 18 and 40 linearly increased with increasing Zn supplementation regardless of implant treatment (P ≤ 0.03) and was lesser for TE200 than NoIMP steers on d 18 (P = 0.001). Day 59 BW and hot carcass weight (HCW) were greater for TE200 vs. NoIMP (P ≤ 0.002) and HCW of implanted steers tended to linearly increase with increasing Zn supplementation (P = 0.09). No effects of Zn supplementation were observed in NoIMP for HCW, BW, or ADG (P ≥ 0.17). Yield grade and 12th rib fat tended to quadratically decrease within NoIMP (P ≤ 0.09), with Zn100 being most lean. These data indicate increasing supplemental Zn influences steroidal implant signaling machinery while increasing the Zn status and implant-induced growth of feedlot cattle.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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