Lucas S F Lopes, Saeed Shadpour, Filippo Miglior, Dan Tulpan, Flávio S Schenkel, Christine F Baes
Cattle methane emissions (ME) account for approximately 6% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Given the challenges in measuring ME directly from individual animals, there is a need for the development of novel indirect methods. Rumination time (RT) and milk mid-infrared spectral data (MIR) show promise for the indirect assessment of ME in dairy cows. Both traits have been used as indicators of reproduction, production, and gas emission traits. Methodologies combining the use of MIR and machine learning algorithms such as artificial neural networks (ANN) for the prediction of ME have been successful; however, the inclusion of RT has not been assessed. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of RT on milk MIR-based models using ANN for the prediction of ME. One-week averages for RT, ME, and MIR from first-lactation Canadian Holstein cows (n = 412) were calculated. Six data sets were evaluated using a multilayer perceptron ANN. All sets included age at calving, season of calving and days in milk as model factors, but varied in using milk MIR data points (1,060 or 235) and including or not including RT. The ANN architecture consisted of one input layer, one hidden layer with one or more neurons, and one output layer. Results showed that sets using both RT and milk MIR data achieved correlations from 0.5 to 0.6 between predicted and observed ME. Notably, the inclusion of RT did not improve the performance of the models. Predictions may be improved through the use of larger data sets, the use of daily records, and inclusion of data across herds and lactations. Optimizing parameters of the ANN could also improve predictions. Further research is needed to fully assess the potential of RT as a predictor of ME in dairy cows.
牛的甲烷排放量（ME）约占全球人为温室气体排放量的 6%。鉴于直接测量单个动物的甲烷排放量存在挑战，因此需要开发新的间接方法。反刍时间（RT）和牛奶中红外光谱数据（MIR）显示了间接评估奶牛ME的前景。这两个性状已被用作繁殖、生产和气体排放性状的指标。结合使用 MIR 和机器学习算法（如人工神经网络 (ANN)）来预测 ME 的方法已经取得了成功；但将 RT 纳入其中的方法尚未得到评估。本研究旨在评估 RT 对使用人工神经网络预测 ME 的基于牛奶 MIR 的模型的影响。研究人员计算了加拿大荷斯坦奶牛第一泌乳期（n = 412）的 RT、ME 和 MIR 的一周平均值。使用多层感知器 ANN 评估了六组数据。所有数据集都将产犊年龄、产犊季节和产奶天数作为模型因子，但在使用牛奶 MIR 数据点（1,060 或 235）以及包括或不包括 RT 方面有所不同。ANN 结构包括一个输入层、一个带有一个或多个神经元的隐藏层和一个输出层。结果表明，同时使用 RT 和牛奶 MIR 数据的数据集在预测的 ME 值和观察到的 ME 值之间实现了 0.5 到 0.6 的相关性。值得注意的是，加入 RT 并没有提高模型的性能。通过使用更大的数据集、使用每日记录以及纳入跨牧群和泌乳期的数据，预测结果可能会得到改善。优化 ANN 的参数也能提高预测效果。要全面评估 RT 作为奶牛 ME 预测指标的潜力，还需要进一步的研究。
{"title":"457 Prediction of methane emissions using rumination time and milk mid-infrared spectral data via artificial neural networks","authors":"Lucas S F Lopes, Saeed Shadpour, Filippo Miglior, Dan Tulpan, Flávio S Schenkel, Christine F Baes","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.364","url":null,"abstract":"Cattle methane emissions (ME) account for approximately 6% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Given the challenges in measuring ME directly from individual animals, there is a need for the development of novel indirect methods. Rumination time (RT) and milk mid-infrared spectral data (MIR) show promise for the indirect assessment of ME in dairy cows. Both traits have been used as indicators of reproduction, production, and gas emission traits. Methodologies combining the use of MIR and machine learning algorithms such as artificial neural networks (ANN) for the prediction of ME have been successful; however, the inclusion of RT has not been assessed. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of RT on milk MIR-based models using ANN for the prediction of ME. One-week averages for RT, ME, and MIR from first-lactation Canadian Holstein cows (n = 412) were calculated. Six data sets were evaluated using a multilayer perceptron ANN. All sets included age at calving, season of calving and days in milk as model factors, but varied in using milk MIR data points (1,060 or 235) and including or not including RT. The ANN architecture consisted of one input layer, one hidden layer with one or more neurons, and one output layer. Results showed that sets using both RT and milk MIR data achieved correlations from 0.5 to 0.6 between predicted and observed ME. Notably, the inclusion of RT did not improve the performance of the models. Predictions may be improved through the use of larger data sets, the use of daily records, and inclusion of data across herds and lactations. Optimizing parameters of the ANN could also improve predictions. Further research is needed to fully assess the potential of RT as a predictor of ME in dairy cows.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Insects like the black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens; BSFL) have been proposed as protein-rich feed ingredients to support the growing demand for meat. The BSFL hold also promise for use as a protein source in pet foods and, as such, it has been studied for palatability, nutritional quality and health effects in dogs and cats. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of including BSFL meal in a dry, extruded food on nutritional quality and health in healthy adult cats. Two similar compositions of dry, extruded foods were formulated to meet the FEDIAF nutrition guidelines for adult cats of which one was chicken meal-based (control, with 34.3% chicken meal) and the other BSFL meal-based (inclusion of 37.5% BSFL meal). BSFL meal contained 95.0% dry matter, 53.1% crude protein, 14.3% crude fat, 6.0% ash (Protix, Dongen, The Netherlands). Two groups of four cats were each fed one of the two foods for two 28-d periods in a crossover design, with sample collection during the last 7 d of each period. Cats were housed in groups of the same sex during the first 21 d of each period. Both foods were well-accepted by the cats. No health problems (including coat and skin condition) were noted throughout the study. Food type did not impact body weight (P = 0.850). Food intake was greater when cats were fed the BSFL-based food (P < 0.001). Consistency scores of fresh feces were optimal and did not differ between the foods. Compared with the control food, the food with BSFL meal had decreased apparent fecal digestibility values for dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen, and gross energy (P < 0.05) although all values were high. Digestibility values for acid-hydrolyzed fat were similar for both foods (P = 0.628). Diets resulted in changes in fermentation product concentrations, like fecal ammonia was less when cats fed this food compared with the control food (P < 0.001), but the fecal concentrations of the short-chain fatty acids and biogenic amines were generally increased (P < 0.05). Moreover, reduced fecal bacterial diversity and affected bacterial relative abundance suggested that inclusion of BSFL meal steered the microbial composition in the distal gut of cats. It was observed increased relative abundance of bacteria genus considered beneficial for host health like Bifidobacterium (P < 0.001) and Megasphaera (P < 0.036); and inhibition of genus Negativibacillus and Lachnoclostridium (P < 0.001), previously associated to digestive issues and negative for gut health. Overall, the data gathered in this study suggests that BSFL meal is an adequate alternative ingredient for extruded dry cat foods and may exert a prebiotic effect on intestinal microbiota.
{"title":"293 Impact of black soldier fly larvae meal in a dry extruded food on nutritional quality and health in adult cats","authors":"Guido Bosch, Bruna Loureiro, Dirkjan Schokker, Soumya Kar, Nicky Sluczanowski","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.128","url":null,"abstract":"Insects like the black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens; BSFL) have been proposed as protein-rich feed ingredients to support the growing demand for meat. The BSFL hold also promise for use as a protein source in pet foods and, as such, it has been studied for palatability, nutritional quality and health effects in dogs and cats. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of including BSFL meal in a dry, extruded food on nutritional quality and health in healthy adult cats. Two similar compositions of dry, extruded foods were formulated to meet the FEDIAF nutrition guidelines for adult cats of which one was chicken meal-based (control, with 34.3% chicken meal) and the other BSFL meal-based (inclusion of 37.5% BSFL meal). BSFL meal contained 95.0% dry matter, 53.1% crude protein, 14.3% crude fat, 6.0% ash (Protix, Dongen, The Netherlands). Two groups of four cats were each fed one of the two foods for two 28-d periods in a crossover design, with sample collection during the last 7 d of each period. Cats were housed in groups of the same sex during the first 21 d of each period. Both foods were well-accepted by the cats. No health problems (including coat and skin condition) were noted throughout the study. Food type did not impact body weight (P = 0.850). Food intake was greater when cats were fed the BSFL-based food (P &lt; 0.001). Consistency scores of fresh feces were optimal and did not differ between the foods. Compared with the control food, the food with BSFL meal had decreased apparent fecal digestibility values for dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen, and gross energy (P &lt; 0.05) although all values were high. Digestibility values for acid-hydrolyzed fat were similar for both foods (P = 0.628). Diets resulted in changes in fermentation product concentrations, like fecal ammonia was less when cats fed this food compared with the control food (P &lt; 0.001), but the fecal concentrations of the short-chain fatty acids and biogenic amines were generally increased (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, reduced fecal bacterial diversity and affected bacterial relative abundance suggested that inclusion of BSFL meal steered the microbial composition in the distal gut of cats. It was observed increased relative abundance of bacteria genus considered beneficial for host health like Bifidobacterium (P &lt; 0.001) and Megasphaera (P &lt; 0.036); and inhibition of genus Negativibacillus and Lachnoclostridium (P &lt; 0.001), previously associated to digestive issues and negative for gut health. Overall, the data gathered in this study suggests that BSFL meal is an adequate alternative ingredient for extruded dry cat foods and may exert a prebiotic effect on intestinal microbiota.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mateus P Gionbelli, Thais C Costa, Diana C Cediel-Devia, Karolina B Nascimento, Tathyane R S Gionbelli, Marcio S Duarte
The current study aimed to determine the enriched biological processes, through proteomic and transcriptomic data, associated with maternal slow-release nitrogen diets received during late gestation and their effects on the skeletal muscle of offspring. From d 180 to d 268 of gestation, a total of 16 pregnant Brahman cows were divided into two groups: a control (CON, n = 12) low crude protein (CP) basal diet (6% of CP, ad libitum) plus mineral mixture (130 gּ cow-1ּ d-1), or the CON treatment supplemented with a slow-released N (SRN, n = 9) based protein concentrate supplement [40% CP, fed 2 g/kg of body weight (BW)/d in the morning) composed by corn, soybean meal, urea and a SRN source (Timafeed Boost, Roullier Group, Saint-Malo, France). Muscle biopsies were performed on d 45 of age in calves for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and proteomic (HPLC-MS/MS) analyses. The quality control of RNAseq raw data was assessed using FASTQc software, with low-quality reads trimmed by Trimmomatic. Reads were mapped against the Bos taurus reference genome using STAR. Differentially expressed (DE) genes and isoforms, significant at an adjusted P-value ≤ 0.05, were identified using the limma package and Cuffdiff tool, respectively, in the R environment. Proteomic data was processed in MaxQuant against the Bos taurus reference proteome, with statistical analysis performed using the MSqRob package in R. Network analyses identified significant biological processes (adjusted P-value ≤ 0.05) among differentially abundant proteins (DAPs). Notably, while the experimental treatment did not affect transcript abundance, protein-level differences were observed. Enriched biological processes in SRN group skeletal muscle of calves included acetyl-CoA biosynthesis from pyruvate, mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly, regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport, and several others related to energy and nitrogen metabolism. Protein-protein interaction network analyses revealed key processes such as ATP and glucose metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and sarcomere organization. Overall, our findings underscore the beneficial impact of slow-release nitrogen-enriched diets during late gestation on energy metabolism in calf skeletal muscle.
本研究旨在通过蛋白质组和转录组数据，确定妊娠晚期母体缓释氮日粮相关的丰富生物过程及其对后代骨骼肌的影响。从妊娠 180 天到 268 天，16 头妊娠婆罗门奶牛被分为两组：对照组（CON，n = 12）为低粗蛋白质（CP）基础日粮（6% CP，自由采食）加矿物质混合物（130 gּ牛-1ּd-1），CON 处理组为添加缓释 N（SRN，n = 9）的蛋白质精料、n = 9）为基础的蛋白质精料补充剂[40% CP，每公斤体重（BW）/日早晨饲喂 2 克]，由玉米、豆粕、尿素和 SRN 源（Timafeed Boost，Roullier 集团，法国圣马洛）组成。在小牛45日龄时进行肌肉活检，以进行RNA测序（RNA-seq）和蛋白质组（HPLC-MS/MS）分析。使用 FASTQc 软件评估 RNAseq 原始数据的质量控制，并使用 Trimmomatic 对低质量读数进行修剪。使用 STAR 将读数与金牛参考基因组进行映射。使用 R 环境中的 limma 软件包和 Cuffdiff 工具分别鉴定了调整后 P 值≤ 0.05 的差异表达基因和同工酶。蛋白质组数据在 MaxQuant 中根据金牛参考蛋白质组进行处理，并使用 R 环境中的 MSqRob 软件包进行统计分析。值得注意的是，虽然实验处理并不影响转录本丰度，但却观察到了蛋白质水平的差异。SRN组小牛骨骼肌中丰富的生物过程包括丙酮酸乙酰-CoA的生物合成、线粒体呼吸链复合物的组装、钙离子跨膜转运的调控以及与能量和氮代谢有关的其他一些过程。蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络分析揭示了 ATP 和葡萄糖代谢、三羧酸循环和肌节组织等关键过程。总之，我们的研究结果强调了妊娠晚期缓释富氮饮食对小牛骨骼肌能量代谢的有益影响。
{"title":"427 Impact of late gestation slow-release nitrogen-enriched diets on energy metabolism in calf skeletal muscle: A proteomic and transcriptomic approach","authors":"Mateus P Gionbelli, Thais C Costa, Diana C Cediel-Devia, Karolina B Nascimento, Tathyane R S Gionbelli, Marcio S Duarte","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.237","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to determine the enriched biological processes, through proteomic and transcriptomic data, associated with maternal slow-release nitrogen diets received during late gestation and their effects on the skeletal muscle of offspring. From d 180 to d 268 of gestation, a total of 16 pregnant Brahman cows were divided into two groups: a control (CON, n = 12) low crude protein (CP) basal diet (6% of CP, ad libitum) plus mineral mixture (130 gּ cow-1ּ d-1), or the CON treatment supplemented with a slow-released N (SRN, n = 9) based protein concentrate supplement [40% CP, fed 2 g/kg of body weight (BW)/d in the morning) composed by corn, soybean meal, urea and a SRN source (Timafeed Boost, Roullier Group, Saint-Malo, France). Muscle biopsies were performed on d 45 of age in calves for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and proteomic (HPLC-MS/MS) analyses. The quality control of RNAseq raw data was assessed using FASTQc software, with low-quality reads trimmed by Trimmomatic. Reads were mapped against the Bos taurus reference genome using STAR. Differentially expressed (DE) genes and isoforms, significant at an adjusted P-value ≤ 0.05, were identified using the limma package and Cuffdiff tool, respectively, in the R environment. Proteomic data was processed in MaxQuant against the Bos taurus reference proteome, with statistical analysis performed using the MSqRob package in R. Network analyses identified significant biological processes (adjusted P-value ≤ 0.05) among differentially abundant proteins (DAPs). Notably, while the experimental treatment did not affect transcript abundance, protein-level differences were observed. Enriched biological processes in SRN group skeletal muscle of calves included acetyl-CoA biosynthesis from pyruvate, mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly, regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport, and several others related to energy and nitrogen metabolism. Protein-protein interaction network analyses revealed key processes such as ATP and glucose metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and sarcomere organization. Overall, our findings underscore the beneficial impact of slow-release nitrogen-enriched diets during late gestation on energy metabolism in calf skeletal muscle.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Larissa L Becker, Jordan T Gebhardt, Mike D Tokach, Robert D Goodband, Joel M DeRouchey, Jason C Woodworth, Jon R Bergstrom
Pigs [n = 360; DNA 600×241; initial body weight (BW) = 5.8 ± 0.54 kg] were used in a 45-d study to evaluate effects of added 25(OH)D3 with three levels of standardized total tract digestible (STTD) P on nursery pig growth performance, bone and urine characteristics, and serum vitamin D status. Pigs were weaned at approximately 19 d of age and randomly allotted to 6 treatments with 5 pigs/pen and 12 replications/treatment. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of 25(OH)D3 (0 or 50 µg/kg equivalent to 2,000 IU/kg of vitamin D3; Hy-D, dsm-firmenich, Plainsboro, NJ) and STTD P (70, 100, or 130% of the NRC (2012) requirement on a dietary percentage basis). Diets were corn-soybean meal-based and fed in 3 phases. On d 45, 1 pig/pen was euthanized to collect right fibula, metacarpal, and 2nd and 10th ribs. Overall, increasing STTD P increased (quadratic, P < 0.003) BW, ADG, ADFI, and G/F with minimal improvement above 100% of NRC STTD P requirement. Added 25(OH)D3 had no effect on growth performance (P > 0.10). Pigs fed increasing STTD P had decreased urinary Ca concentration (linear, P < 0.001 and quadratic, P = 0.078) and increased urinary P concentration (quadratic, P < 0.001), with all pigs fed 70% of NRC STTD P requirement having non-detectable levels of urinary P. Added 25(OH)D3 had no effect on urinary Ca and P concentration (P > 0.10). A quadratic 25(OH)D3×STTD P interaction (P = 0.032) was observed for serum 25(OH)D3. When pigs were fed 25(OH)D3, serum 25(OH)D3 increased as STTD P increased (quadratic, P = 0.005) but no differences were observed when no 25(OH)D3 was added and STTD P increased. A quadratic 25(OH)D3×STTD P interaction was observed for serum 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations (P = 0.002). When pigs were fed 25(OH)D3, serum 1,25(OH)2D3 decreased (quadratic, P < 0.001) as STTD P increased but the decrease was not significant when no 25(OH)D3 was fed. Added 25(OH)D3 had no effect (P > 0.10) on serum 1,25(OH)2D3, but concentrations decreased (quadratic, P = 0.001) as STTD P increased. No added 25(OH)D3×STTD P interaction was observed for 24,25(OH)2D3. Serum 24,25(OH)2D3 increased (P < 0.001) with added 25(OH)D3. Metacarpal bone density increased (linear, P = 0.001) as STTD P increased, as did fibulas and ribs (quadratic, P ≤ 0.055). Percentage bone ash and bone ash weight increased (quadratic, P ≤ 0.065) for all bones as STTD P increased. Added 25(OH)D3 had no effect on bone density or bone ash weight for any bones (P > 0.10); however, the reduction in bone ash observed with reducing STTD P level tended to be less when 25(OH)D3 was provided (linear interaction, P = 0.098). In summary, added 25(OH)D3 had limited effect on growth performance, urine parameters, or bone characteristics; however, added 25(OH)D3 increased serum concentrations of 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3. Increasing STTD P to 100% of NRC requirement estimate increased growth and 130% of
猪[n = 360；DNA 600×241；初始体重 (BW) = 5.8 ± 0.54 kg]被用于一项为期 45 天的研究，以评估添加 25(OH)D3 和三种水平的标准化道消化总量 (STTD) P 对保育猪生长性能、骨骼和尿液特征以及血清维生素 D 状态的影响。猪在大约 19 日龄断奶，随机分配到 6 个处理中，每栏 5 头猪，每个处理 12 个重复。日粮处理以 2 × 3 的阶乘排列，主效应为 25（OH）D3（0 或 50 µg/kg，相当于 2,000 IU/kg 的维生素 D3；Hy-D，dsm-firmenich，Plainsboro，NJ）和 STTD P（按日粮百分比计算，为 NRC（2012）要求的 70%、100% 或 130%）。日粮以玉米-豆粕为基础，分 3 个阶段饲喂。第 45 天，每栏 1 头猪被安乐死，以收集右腓骨、掌骨、第 2 和第 10 根肋骨。总体而言，增加 STTD P 可提高（二次方，P < 0.003）体重、ADG、ADFI 和 G/F，而超过 NRC STTD P 需求量 100% 的改善幅度很小。添加 25(OH)D3 对生长性能没有影响（P & gt; 0.10）。饲喂 STTD P 增加的猪的尿 Ca 浓度降低（线性，P < 0.001 和二次方，P = 0.078），尿 P 浓度增加（二次方，P < 0.001），所有饲喂 NRC STTD P 需求量 70% 的猪的尿 P 水平都检测不到。在血清 25(OH)D3 中观察到 25(OH)D3×STTD P 的二次交互作用（P = 0.032）。给猪饲喂 25（OH）D3 时，血清 25（OH）D3 随 STTD P 的增加而增加（二次方，P = 0.005），但不添加 25（OH）D3 且 STTD P 增加时，没有观察到差异。在血清 1,25(OH)2D3浓度方面，观察到 25(OH)D3×STTD P 的二次交互作用（P = 0.002）。当给猪饲喂 25(OH)D3 时，血清中 1,25(OH)2D3随 STTD P 的增加而降低（二次方，P < 0.001），但当不饲喂 25(OH)D3 时，血清中 1,25(OH)2D3的降低并不显著。添加的 25(OH)D3 对血清 1,25(OH)2D3没有影响（P > 0.10），但随着 STTD P 的增加，血清中的 1,25(OH)2D3浓度降低（二次方，P = 0.001）。对于 24,25(OH)2D3，未观察到添加 25(OH)D3×STTD P 的相互作用。血清 24,25（OH）2D3 随添加 25（OH）D3 而增加（P < 0.001）。掌骨骨密度随着 STTD P 的增加而增加（线性，P = 0.001），腓骨和肋骨也是如此（二次方，P ≤ 0.055）。随着 STTD P 的增加，所有骨骼的骨灰百分比和骨灰重量均增加（二次方，P ≤ 0.065）。添加 25（OH）D3 对任何骨骼的骨密度或骨灰重量都没有影响（P > 0.10）；但是，当提供 25（OH）D3 时，随着 STTD P 水平的降低，观察到的骨灰减少量往往较少（线性交互作用，P = 0.098）。总之，添加 25（OH）D3 对生长性能、尿液参数或骨骼特征的影响有限；但添加 25（OH）D3 可提高血清中 25（OH）D3 和 24,25(OH)2D3 的浓度。将 STTD P 提高到 NRC 需求量估计值的 100%，可提高生长速度，而 NRC 需求量的 130% 则可最大限度地提高骨灰含量。5634 Table.pdf
{"title":"442 Effects of added 25(OH)D3 with varying standardized total tract digestible phosphorus levels on nursery pig performance, bone and urine characteristics, and serum vitamin D","authors":"Larissa L Becker, Jordan T Gebhardt, Mike D Tokach, Robert D Goodband, Joel M DeRouchey, Jason C Woodworth, Jon R Bergstrom","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.296","url":null,"abstract":"Pigs [n = 360; DNA 600×241; initial body weight (BW) = 5.8 ± 0.54 kg] were used in a 45-d study to evaluate effects of added 25(OH)D3 with three levels of standardized total tract digestible (STTD) P on nursery pig growth performance, bone and urine characteristics, and serum vitamin D status. Pigs were weaned at approximately 19 d of age and randomly allotted to 6 treatments with 5 pigs/pen and 12 replications/treatment. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of 25(OH)D3 (0 or 50 µg/kg equivalent to 2,000 IU/kg of vitamin D3; Hy-D, dsm-firmenich, Plainsboro, NJ) and STTD P (70, 100, or 130% of the NRC (2012) requirement on a dietary percentage basis). Diets were corn-soybean meal-based and fed in 3 phases. On d 45, 1 pig/pen was euthanized to collect right fibula, metacarpal, and 2nd and 10th ribs. Overall, increasing STTD P increased (quadratic, P &lt; 0.003) BW, ADG, ADFI, and G/F with minimal improvement above 100% of NRC STTD P requirement. Added 25(OH)D3 had no effect on growth performance (P &gt; 0.10). Pigs fed increasing STTD P had decreased urinary Ca concentration (linear, P &lt; 0.001 and quadratic, P = 0.078) and increased urinary P concentration (quadratic, P &lt; 0.001), with all pigs fed 70% of NRC STTD P requirement having non-detectable levels of urinary P. Added 25(OH)D3 had no effect on urinary Ca and P concentration (P &gt; 0.10). A quadratic 25(OH)D3×STTD P interaction (P = 0.032) was observed for serum 25(OH)D3. When pigs were fed 25(OH)D3, serum 25(OH)D3 increased as STTD P increased (quadratic, P = 0.005) but no differences were observed when no 25(OH)D3 was added and STTD P increased. A quadratic 25(OH)D3×STTD P interaction was observed for serum 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations (P = 0.002). When pigs were fed 25(OH)D3, serum 1,25(OH)2D3 decreased (quadratic, P &lt; 0.001) as STTD P increased but the decrease was not significant when no 25(OH)D3 was fed. Added 25(OH)D3 had no effect (P &gt; 0.10) on serum 1,25(OH)2D3, but concentrations decreased (quadratic, P = 0.001) as STTD P increased. No added 25(OH)D3×STTD P interaction was observed for 24,25(OH)2D3. Serum 24,25(OH)2D3 increased (P &lt; 0.001) with added 25(OH)D3. Metacarpal bone density increased (linear, P = 0.001) as STTD P increased, as did fibulas and ribs (quadratic, P ≤ 0.055). Percentage bone ash and bone ash weight increased (quadratic, P ≤ 0.065) for all bones as STTD P increased. Added 25(OH)D3 had no effect on bone density or bone ash weight for any bones (P &gt; 0.10); however, the reduction in bone ash observed with reducing STTD P level tended to be less when 25(OH)D3 was provided (linear interaction, P = 0.098). In summary, added 25(OH)D3 had limited effect on growth performance, urine parameters, or bone characteristics; however, added 25(OH)D3 increased serum concentrations of 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3. Increasing STTD P to 100% of NRC requirement estimate increased growth and 130% of ","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soybean meal (SBM) is a high-protein plant product commonly used as a primary protein source in pig diets. However, its price has been steadily increasing. Concurrently researchers were prompted to search for cost-effective, high-yield protein sources. In the earlier studies palm kernel meal (PKM), distillers dried grains solubles (DDGS), and rapeseed meal (RSM) were potentially used as substitutes for SBM. Still, no study exists on conducting a comparative analysis of replacing soybean meal with various plant extracts. Therefore, we aimed to analyze whether replacing SBM with various plant extracts could reveal comparable effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality in finishing pigs. For 10 wk, n = 200 [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] finishing pigs [body weight (BW) = 57.07 ± 3.18 kg] were assigned to one of five dietary treatments. The test treatments were control (CON) corn-SBM-based diet, and the CON diet replaced with 10% of PKM, lupin Kernel (LK), RSM, and DDGS, respectively. Each treatment has 10 replicates with 4 (2 barrows and 2 gilts) pigs/pen. The dietary treatments were as follows control (CON), a corn-SBM-based diet; and the SBM diet replaced with 10% of each PKM, Lupin Kernel (LK), RSM, and DDGS. The partial replacement of SBM with various plants reveals neither significant nor adverse effects on the overall performance in finishing pigs. In summary, we concluded that partially replacing SBM with various plant sources would serve as a better option for small farm owners to save their feed costs.
{"title":"PSVI-30 Comparative analysis on partial replacement of soybean meal with various plant sources on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality in finishing pigs","authors":"Weihan Zhao, Kye Jin Lee, In Ho Kim","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.799","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean meal (SBM) is a high-protein plant product commonly used as a primary protein source in pig diets. However, its price has been steadily increasing. Concurrently researchers were prompted to search for cost-effective, high-yield protein sources. In the earlier studies palm kernel meal (PKM), distillers dried grains solubles (DDGS), and rapeseed meal (RSM) were potentially used as substitutes for SBM. Still, no study exists on conducting a comparative analysis of replacing soybean meal with various plant extracts. Therefore, we aimed to analyze whether replacing SBM with various plant extracts could reveal comparable effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality in finishing pigs. For 10 wk, n = 200 [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] finishing pigs [body weight (BW) = 57.07 ± 3.18 kg] were assigned to one of five dietary treatments. The test treatments were control (CON) corn-SBM-based diet, and the CON diet replaced with 10% of PKM, lupin Kernel (LK), RSM, and DDGS, respectively. Each treatment has 10 replicates with 4 (2 barrows and 2 gilts) pigs/pen. The dietary treatments were as follows control (CON), a corn-SBM-based diet; and the SBM diet replaced with 10% of each PKM, Lupin Kernel (LK), RSM, and DDGS. The partial replacement of SBM with various plants reveals neither significant nor adverse effects on the overall performance in finishing pigs. In summary, we concluded that partially replacing SBM with various plant sources would serve as a better option for small farm owners to save their feed costs.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roberta Lima de Valença, Américo Garcia Silva Sobrinho, Nomaiací de Andrade, Marco Túlio Costa Almeida
The meat production chain, while seeking to reduce production costs, has been demanding in terms of quality, with growing consumer concern regarding the benefits and harms that meat can bring to health. In this sense, the composition of ruminant fat has been a concern for the community in general, due to it being mostly composed of saturated fatty acids (SFA), Supplementary sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the diet of ruminants are being researched, especially long-chain ones, such as those present in some species of marine microalgae; however, these fatty acids are susceptible to oxidation, and the use of an antioxidant is recommended, like vitamin E. Given the above, the objective of this work was to evaluate the concentrations and relationships of fatty acids in the meat of Ile de France lambs fed with marine microalgae meal (Schizochytrium sp.) and vitamin E. Newly weaned (n = 32), 60-d-old, intact Ile de France breed lambs, with body weight (BW) = 20.0 kg were randomly distributed into four treatments: CO: control diet; FA: diet with 4% seaweed meal; VE: diet with 1,000 mg of vitamin E; or FAVE: diet with 4% seaweed meal and 1,000 mg of vitamin E. The lambs were slaughtered at 35 kg BW and their meat was evaluated regarding the fatty acid profile, to then obtain concentration and relationships of fatty acids in lamb meat. The data were evaluated in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and eight replications, with the means of the analysis of variance compared using the Tukey test, with 5% significance. A greater (P < 0.01) AGS and decreased AGI concentration were observed in the VE diet (51.47 and 48.53%, respectively), the greatest (P < 0.01) AGI and monounsaturated (AGMI) concentrations, were observed in the CO diet, with 53.63 and 45.14%, respectively. The concentration of PUFA in the FA treatment was greater (P < 0.01) in relation to the VE treatment and like the others (Table 1). The Σn–6 was greater in the CO treatment (7.44%) and less in the VE (4.22%), whereas the Σn–3 was 9.6 times greater (P < 0.01) in the FA treatment (4. 04%) in relation to CO (0.42%), the AVEF treatment exhibited the second greatest values (2.63%), followed by VE (0.49%). The n-6:n-3 ratio was 14 times less (P < 0.01) in the FA treatment (1.24) compared with CO (17.71), the second least value was in the FAVE (1.64), in the VE treatment, a ratio of 8.61 was observed. Seaweed flour from the genus Schizochytrium potentially increases concentration of n-3 in lamb meat and greatly reduces the n-6:n-3 ratio, resulting in a healthier food. Vitamin E, combined or not with a source of PUFA, does not bring benefits in terms of the fatty acid profile.
肉类生产链在寻求降低生产成本的同时，对质量的要求也越来越高，消费者越来越关注肉类对健康的益处和害处。从这个意义上讲，反刍动物脂肪的组成一直是社会普遍关注的问题，因为它主要由饱和脂肪酸（SFA）组成，目前正在研究反刍动物膳食中多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的补充来源，特别是长链脂肪酸，如某些种类的海洋微藻中的多不饱和脂肪酸；然而，这些脂肪酸容易氧化，建议使用抗氧化剂，如维生素 E。新断奶（n = 32）、60 日龄、体重（BW）= 20.0 千克的完整法兰西岛羔羊随机分为四个处理：CO：对照组日粮；FA：添加 4% 海藻粉的日粮；VE：添加 1,000 毫克维生素 E 的日粮；或 FAVE：添加 4% 海藻粉和 1,000 毫克维生素 E 的日粮。羔羊在体重达到 35 千克时屠宰，对其肉质进行脂肪酸谱评估，以获得羔羊肉中脂肪酸的浓度和关系。数据评估采用完全随机设计，四个处理八个重复，用 Tukey 检验比较方差分析的均值，显著性为 5%。在 VE 日粮中观察到 AGS 浓度较高（P&P;lt; 0.01），AGI 浓度较低（分别为 51.47% 和 48.53%）；在 CO 日粮中观察到 AGI 和单不饱和（AGMI）浓度最高（P&P;lt; 0.01），分别为 53.63% 和 45.14%。与 VE 处理相比，FA 处理中的 PUFA 浓度更高（P < 0.01），其他处理也是如此（表 1）。CO 处理中的Σn-6 较高（7.44%），VE 处理中的Σn-6 较低（4.22%），而 FA 处理中的Σn-3 是 CO 处理（0.42%）的 9.6 倍（P & lt; 0.01），AVEF 处理中的Σn-3 是 CO 处理（4.04%）的 2.63 倍，其次是 VE 处理（0.49%）。与 CO（17.71）相比，FA 处理的 n-6:n-3 比率（1.24）低 14 倍（P < 0.01），FAVE（1.64）次之，VE 处理的比率为 8.61。海藻粉有可能增加羊肉中 n-3 的浓度，并大大降低 n-6:n-3 的比例，从而获得更健康的食品。维生素 E 无论是否与 PUFA 结合使用，都不会对脂肪酸组成产生益处。
{"title":"PSIX-25 Sums and relationships of fatty acids of lamb meat fed with marine microalgae meal (Schizochytrium sp.) and vitamin E","authors":"Roberta Lima de Valença, Américo Garcia Silva Sobrinho, Nomaiací de Andrade, Marco Túlio Costa Almeida","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.904","url":null,"abstract":"The meat production chain, while seeking to reduce production costs, has been demanding in terms of quality, with growing consumer concern regarding the benefits and harms that meat can bring to health. In this sense, the composition of ruminant fat has been a concern for the community in general, due to it being mostly composed of saturated fatty acids (SFA), Supplementary sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the diet of ruminants are being researched, especially long-chain ones, such as those present in some species of marine microalgae; however, these fatty acids are susceptible to oxidation, and the use of an antioxidant is recommended, like vitamin E. Given the above, the objective of this work was to evaluate the concentrations and relationships of fatty acids in the meat of Ile de France lambs fed with marine microalgae meal (Schizochytrium sp.) and vitamin E. Newly weaned (n = 32), 60-d-old, intact Ile de France breed lambs, with body weight (BW) = 20.0 kg were randomly distributed into four treatments: CO: control diet; FA: diet with 4% seaweed meal; VE: diet with 1,000 mg of vitamin E; or FAVE: diet with 4% seaweed meal and 1,000 mg of vitamin E. The lambs were slaughtered at 35 kg BW and their meat was evaluated regarding the fatty acid profile, to then obtain concentration and relationships of fatty acids in lamb meat. The data were evaluated in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and eight replications, with the means of the analysis of variance compared using the Tukey test, with 5% significance. A greater (P &lt; 0.01) AGS and decreased AGI concentration were observed in the VE diet (51.47 and 48.53%, respectively), the greatest (P &lt; 0.01) AGI and monounsaturated (AGMI) concentrations, were observed in the CO diet, with 53.63 and 45.14%, respectively. The concentration of PUFA in the FA treatment was greater (P &lt; 0.01) in relation to the VE treatment and like the others (Table 1). The Σn–6 was greater in the CO treatment (7.44%) and less in the VE (4.22%), whereas the Σn–3 was 9.6 times greater (P &lt; 0.01) in the FA treatment (4. 04%) in relation to CO (0.42%), the AVEF treatment exhibited the second greatest values (2.63%), followed by VE (0.49%). The n-6:n-3 ratio was 14 times less (P &lt; 0.01) in the FA treatment (1.24) compared with CO (17.71), the second least value was in the FAVE (1.64), in the VE treatment, a ratio of 8.61 was observed. Seaweed flour from the genus Schizochytrium potentially increases concentration of n-3 in lamb meat and greatly reduces the n-6:n-3 ratio, resulting in a healthier food. Vitamin E, combined or not with a source of PUFA, does not bring benefits in terms of the fatty acid profile.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"185 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cheyenne S Summers, Amanda S Reiter, Nicole M Tillquist, Nicholas M Barnello, Santhi Priya Voggu, Rachel E Carter, Mia Y Kawaida, Kristen E Govoni, Steven A Zinn, Sarah A Reed
Maternal diet influences offspring growth, but the impact of granddam diet on subsequent generations is less explored. We hypothesized that granddam diet would influence second parity F2 offspring growth. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of granddam diet on second parity F2 offspring growth, morphometric measurements, and organ weights. To determine the impact of poor maternal nutrition of F0 dams on second parity offspring of F1 ewes, multiparous Dorset ewes (F0, n = 46) were fed 100% (control), 60% (restricted), or 140% (over) of NRC requirements from d 30 of gestation until parturition. The F1 ewes (n = 37) were bred at 16 to 19 mo of age to one of two related Dorset rams to generate the first parity F2 generation. The following breeding season, F1 ewes (n = 30) were bred to the same rams to generate the second parity F2 generation offspring (n = 58; F2-2), which were identified as CON F2-2 (n = 6 ewes, 12 rams), RES F2-2 (n = 6 ewes, 12 rams), or OVER F2-2 (n = 9 ewes, 13 rams) corresponding to the diets of the F0 granddams. F2-2 offspring body weights (BW) were recorded weekly from birth (d 0) to d 28, every 14 d until d 126, and every 28 d until d 266 of age. Hip height (HH), crown rump length (CRL), heart girth (HG), and body condition score (BCS) were measured at d 0 and d 120 of age. Rams were necropsied at d 284 ± 0.23. Data were analyzed with R Studio with P ≤ 0.05 considered significant and 0.05 < P ≤ 0.10 considered a tendency. Granddam diet and offspring sex were included in the model with animal ID as a random effect where appropriate. On d 210 and d 238, CON F2-2 tended to weigh 6.8% and 6.3% less, respectively, than OVER F2-2 (P = 0.07) but were not different than RES F2-2 at d 210 (P = 0.55) or d 238 (P = 0.15). We did not detect an effect of granddam diet on HH (P = 0.28), CRL (P = 0.31), or HG (P = 0.62) at birth. At d 120, ewes had 3.1% shorter CRL (P = 0.07) and weighed 9.4% less (P = 0.003) than rams. Immediately before necropsy, CON F2-2 rams tended to have 5.9% less BCS compared with RES F2-2 rams (P = 0.07) and 5.6% less BCS than OVER F2-2 rams (P = 0.10). At necropsy, granddam diet did not influence organ weight. Overfed and restricted granddam diet may increase BW and BCS of second parity, second generation offspring, which provides evidence that maternal diet has multigenerational effects on offspring.
{"title":"PSVI-17 Effects of maternal nutrition during gestation on second parity F2 offspring growth and organ weights","authors":"Cheyenne S Summers, Amanda S Reiter, Nicole M Tillquist, Nicholas M Barnello, Santhi Priya Voggu, Rachel E Carter, Mia Y Kawaida, Kristen E Govoni, Steven A Zinn, Sarah A Reed","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.599","url":null,"abstract":"Maternal diet influences offspring growth, but the impact of granddam diet on subsequent generations is less explored. We hypothesized that granddam diet would influence second parity F2 offspring growth. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of granddam diet on second parity F2 offspring growth, morphometric measurements, and organ weights. To determine the impact of poor maternal nutrition of F0 dams on second parity offspring of F1 ewes, multiparous Dorset ewes (F0, n = 46) were fed 100% (control), 60% (restricted), or 140% (over) of NRC requirements from d 30 of gestation until parturition. The F1 ewes (n = 37) were bred at 16 to 19 mo of age to one of two related Dorset rams to generate the first parity F2 generation. The following breeding season, F1 ewes (n = 30) were bred to the same rams to generate the second parity F2 generation offspring (n = 58; F2-2), which were identified as CON F2-2 (n = 6 ewes, 12 rams), RES F2-2 (n = 6 ewes, 12 rams), or OVER F2-2 (n = 9 ewes, 13 rams) corresponding to the diets of the F0 granddams. F2-2 offspring body weights (BW) were recorded weekly from birth (d 0) to d 28, every 14 d until d 126, and every 28 d until d 266 of age. Hip height (HH), crown rump length (CRL), heart girth (HG), and body condition score (BCS) were measured at d 0 and d 120 of age. Rams were necropsied at d 284 ± 0.23. Data were analyzed with R Studio with P ≤ 0.05 considered significant and 0.05 &lt; P ≤ 0.10 considered a tendency. Granddam diet and offspring sex were included in the model with animal ID as a random effect where appropriate. On d 210 and d 238, CON F2-2 tended to weigh 6.8% and 6.3% less, respectively, than OVER F2-2 (P = 0.07) but were not different than RES F2-2 at d 210 (P = 0.55) or d 238 (P = 0.15). We did not detect an effect of granddam diet on HH (P = 0.28), CRL (P = 0.31), or HG (P = 0.62) at birth. At d 120, ewes had 3.1% shorter CRL (P = 0.07) and weighed 9.4% less (P = 0.003) than rams. Immediately before necropsy, CON F2-2 rams tended to have 5.9% less BCS compared with RES F2-2 rams (P = 0.07) and 5.6% less BCS than OVER F2-2 rams (P = 0.10). At necropsy, granddam diet did not influence organ weight. Overfed and restricted granddam diet may increase BW and BCS of second parity, second generation offspring, which provides evidence that maternal diet has multigenerational effects on offspring.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trace minerals are often recommended to avoid possible implications for beef cattle productivity. Trace minerals have several roles in livestock species, such as protein synthesis, enzyme activation, and immune functions. The primary trace minerals for cattle include zinc, copper, selenium, iron, manganese, cobalt, and iodine. These minerals serve as cofactors for numerous enzymes involved in metabolic pathways crucial for growth, reproduction, and immune function. Trace minerals such as zinc, copper, and manganese serve as cofactors for enzymes involved in metabolism. They have crucial roles in carbohydrates, protein, and lipid metabolism, facilitating energy production and nutrient utilization. Additionally, zinc, selenium and copper, are essential for maintaining a robust immune system. They are involved in the production and function of immune cells, antibody response, and the regulation of inflammation, thus aiding in the body’s defense against pathogens and diseases. Selenium, copper, and manganese act as cofactors for antioxidant enzymes that help neutralize harmful free radicals in the body. By scavenging free radicals, these trace minerals protect cells from oxidative damage and reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and aging-related disorders. Cattle obtain trace minerals from various sources, including forages, grains, supplements, and water. However, the bioavailability of these minerals can be influenced by factors such as soil composition, forage type, and dietary interactions. Therefore, careful attention to mineral supplementation and management practices is necessary to meet the specific requirements of cattle at different stages of life and production. Furthermore, research continues to elucidate the complex interactions among trace minerals and their effects on cattle health and performance. Strategies such as targeted supplementation, mineral source selection, and dietary manipulation are being explored to optimize trace mineral nutrition in cattle production systems while minimizing environmental impact and economic costs. However, trace mineral sources might vary in water solubility and bioavailability, affecting their reactivity with antagonists and microorganisms in the rumen. Hence, understanding the importance of these micronutrients and implementing appropriate management practices can help ensure optimal performance and well-being of cattle herds, ultimately contributing to the efficiency and profitability of livestock operations.
{"title":"23 Physiological and health implications of trace mineral nutrition","authors":"Rodrigo Marques","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.085","url":null,"abstract":"Trace minerals are often recommended to avoid possible implications for beef cattle productivity. Trace minerals have several roles in livestock species, such as protein synthesis, enzyme activation, and immune functions. The primary trace minerals for cattle include zinc, copper, selenium, iron, manganese, cobalt, and iodine. These minerals serve as cofactors for numerous enzymes involved in metabolic pathways crucial for growth, reproduction, and immune function. Trace minerals such as zinc, copper, and manganese serve as cofactors for enzymes involved in metabolism. They have crucial roles in carbohydrates, protein, and lipid metabolism, facilitating energy production and nutrient utilization. Additionally, zinc, selenium and copper, are essential for maintaining a robust immune system. They are involved in the production and function of immune cells, antibody response, and the regulation of inflammation, thus aiding in the body’s defense against pathogens and diseases. Selenium, copper, and manganese act as cofactors for antioxidant enzymes that help neutralize harmful free radicals in the body. By scavenging free radicals, these trace minerals protect cells from oxidative damage and reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and aging-related disorders. Cattle obtain trace minerals from various sources, including forages, grains, supplements, and water. However, the bioavailability of these minerals can be influenced by factors such as soil composition, forage type, and dietary interactions. Therefore, careful attention to mineral supplementation and management practices is necessary to meet the specific requirements of cattle at different stages of life and production. Furthermore, research continues to elucidate the complex interactions among trace minerals and their effects on cattle health and performance. Strategies such as targeted supplementation, mineral source selection, and dietary manipulation are being explored to optimize trace mineral nutrition in cattle production systems while minimizing environmental impact and economic costs. However, trace mineral sources might vary in water solubility and bioavailability, affecting their reactivity with antagonists and microorganisms in the rumen. Hence, understanding the importance of these micronutrients and implementing appropriate management practices can help ensure optimal performance and well-being of cattle herds, ultimately contributing to the efficiency and profitability of livestock operations.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Holly E Hamilton, Elizabeth Shepherd, Saulo M Zoca, Carl R Dahlen, Alexandria P Snider, Kyle J McLean
Bull fertility is a major component of reproductive efficiency. One of the many factors influencing reproductive efficiency in bulls is nutrition. Improper nutrition influences physiological features, such as body weight (BW) and body condition scores (BCS), but also increases stress, which can alter the molecular composition of ejaculate. Following a breeding soundness exam and a 21-d dietary adjustment period, mature Angus bulls (n = 6) were randomly assigned to one of two nutritional planes for a 119-d period: 1) restriction (RES; targeted a 1.36 kg/d decrease in BW) or 2) maintenance (MNT; targeted to maintain BW). Body weight and BCS were evaluated every 14 d and feed amounts were adjusted to meet BW targets. On d 73 and 93, scrotal circumference and blood samples were collected for analysis. Serum samples were evaluated for an immunity score using the Nano Discovery D2Dx Immunity Test, that assesses samples for the presence of immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM, cytokines, and complement. Statistical analyses were conducted using R Studio to determine the effects of day, nutritional plane, and the interaction of day Î nutritional plane on BW, BCS, scrotal circumference, and systemic immunity score. At the onset of treatments, all bulls had a greater (P = 0.008) BW (845.5 ± 17.0 kg) and BCS (6.3 ± 0.15) than on d 73 (BW = 757.2 ± 17.0 kg; BCS = 5.5 ± 0.15, respectively) or 93 (BW = 749.6 ± 17.0 kg; BCS = 5.3 ± 0.15, respectively). According to the experimental model design, the MNT bulls had a greater (P = 0.001) BCS (6.1 ± 0.12) compared with the RES bulls (5.3 ± 0.12) throughout treatment. Body weights were also influenced by treatment with MNT bulls (845.7 ± 13.9 kg) having a greater BW (P > 0.001) compared with RES bulls (714.6 ± 13.9). Immunity scores were greater in the RES bulls (0.03 ± 0.003) compared with MNT bulls (0.003 ± 0.003). However, there was no effect of day or the interaction effect (P > 0.05) on the systemic immunity score. There was also no effect of day, nutritional plane, or interaction on scrotal circumference (P > 0.23). In conclusion, we observed nutritional planes to result in divergent BW and BCS and were influential on systemic immunity scores, which may lead to different seminal plasma compositions and reproductive outcomes. Further analyses are needed to elucidate the effects of paternal nutritional stress on the female uterine response after mating and reproductive efficiency. The authors would like to thank USDA-NIFA-AFRI (#2023-67015-39453) and USDA-NIFA Multi-State Project No. 1019048 for providing funding and support for this research. USDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider.
{"title":"PSI-13 The impact of divergent nutritional planes on systemic immune status in mature bulls","authors":"Holly E Hamilton, Elizabeth Shepherd, Saulo M Zoca, Carl R Dahlen, Alexandria P Snider, Kyle J McLean","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.533","url":null,"abstract":"Bull fertility is a major component of reproductive efficiency. One of the many factors influencing reproductive efficiency in bulls is nutrition. Improper nutrition influences physiological features, such as body weight (BW) and body condition scores (BCS), but also increases stress, which can alter the molecular composition of ejaculate. Following a breeding soundness exam and a 21-d dietary adjustment period, mature Angus bulls (n = 6) were randomly assigned to one of two nutritional planes for a 119-d period: 1) restriction (RES; targeted a 1.36 kg/d decrease in BW) or 2) maintenance (MNT; targeted to maintain BW). Body weight and BCS were evaluated every 14 d and feed amounts were adjusted to meet BW targets. On d 73 and 93, scrotal circumference and blood samples were collected for analysis. Serum samples were evaluated for an immunity score using the Nano Discovery D2Dx Immunity Test, that assesses samples for the presence of immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM, cytokines, and complement. Statistical analyses were conducted using R Studio to determine the effects of day, nutritional plane, and the interaction of day Î nutritional plane on BW, BCS, scrotal circumference, and systemic immunity score. At the onset of treatments, all bulls had a greater (P = 0.008) BW (845.5 ± 17.0 kg) and BCS (6.3 ± 0.15) than on d 73 (BW = 757.2 ± 17.0 kg; BCS = 5.5 ± 0.15, respectively) or 93 (BW = 749.6 ± 17.0 kg; BCS = 5.3 ± 0.15, respectively). According to the experimental model design, the MNT bulls had a greater (P = 0.001) BCS (6.1 ± 0.12) compared with the RES bulls (5.3 ± 0.12) throughout treatment. Body weights were also influenced by treatment with MNT bulls (845.7 ± 13.9 kg) having a greater BW (P &gt; 0.001) compared with RES bulls (714.6 ± 13.9). Immunity scores were greater in the RES bulls (0.03 ± 0.003) compared with MNT bulls (0.003 ± 0.003). However, there was no effect of day or the interaction effect (P &gt; 0.05) on the systemic immunity score. There was also no effect of day, nutritional plane, or interaction on scrotal circumference (P &gt; 0.23). In conclusion, we observed nutritional planes to result in divergent BW and BCS and were influential on systemic immunity scores, which may lead to different seminal plasma compositions and reproductive outcomes. Further analyses are needed to elucidate the effects of paternal nutritional stress on the female uterine response after mating and reproductive efficiency. The authors would like to thank USDA-NIFA-AFRI (#2023-67015-39453) and USDA-NIFA Multi-State Project No. 1019048 for providing funding and support for this research. USDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wouter Muizelaar, Kelly Nichols, Hassan Z Taweel, Harmen van Laar, Jan Dijkstra, Javier Martín-Tereso
This dataset describes the temporal patterns of enteric gas production from cattle in response to ruminal infusions of synthetic bromoform (CHBr3). Four non-lactating, non-pregnant, rumen-fistulated Holstein-Friesian cows (12 yr of age, 781 ± 33 kg body weight) were infused via the rumen fistula with 592 mg CHBr3/d in an aqueous solution for 14 d. The daily dose was divided into 3 equal portions and infused every 8 h over a 24-h period (0545, 1345, and 2145 h). The 7 d following the infusion period served as a recovery period to describe the dynamics of enteric gas production after cessation of infusion. The Greenfeed system was used for enteric gas measurements. Animals had ad libitum access to grass hay and were supplemented with concentrate through the Greenfeed system for the infusion and recovery periods and for the 14-d adaptation period before the infusions. A two-way ANOVA was performed with phase (pre- and post-infusion) as fixed effect and animal as random effect to assess average differences. Preliminary results show a decrease in methane (CH4) production from on average 371 g/d before the infusions to 5 g/d after 14 d of infusions (P < 0.01). Hydrogen (H2) production increased from on average 0.6 g/d before the infusions to 9.0 g/d after 14 d of infusions (P < 0.01). Dry matter intake (DMI) decreased to on average 12.8 kg/d after 14 d of infusions compared with 16.9 kg/d before the infusions (P < 0.01). A four-parameter logistic model was fitted for the response of CH4 (CH4-inf) and H2 (H2-inf) production in the 14 d after the first infusion, and separately for the response of CH4 (CH4-rec) and H2 (H2-rec) production in the 7 d after the last infusion (Table 1). Preliminary results indicate a 95% decrease in CH4-inf from the A-asymptote (small values of x) is reached after approximately 63 h, and a 95% increase in H2-inf from the B-asymptote (large values of x) is reached after approximately 49 h. After the last infusion, the 95% increase in CH4-rec from the B-asymptote is reached after approximately 109 h, and the 95% decrease in H2-rec from the A-asymptote is reached after approximately 112 h. When comparing the respective inflection points (xmid), the recovery of CH4 production took approximately 3 times longer than the decrease. In addition, after 7 d of recovery, CH4 production did not return to the initial levels before the infusion began. The reduced DMI can partially explain this difference in CH4 recovery; however, other factors cannot be excluded. In conclusion, our data suggest that ruminal infusion of 592 mg CHBr3/d for 14 d reduces CH4 production by >95% and the recovery of CH4 production to pre-infusion levels might take longer than 7 d.
{"title":"95 Temporal patterns of enteric gas production from cattle in response to ruminal infusions of synthetic bromoform","authors":"Wouter Muizelaar, Kelly Nichols, Hassan Z Taweel, Harmen van Laar, Jan Dijkstra, Javier Martín-Tereso","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.373","url":null,"abstract":"This dataset describes the temporal patterns of enteric gas production from cattle in response to ruminal infusions of synthetic bromoform (CHBr3). Four non-lactating, non-pregnant, rumen-fistulated Holstein-Friesian cows (12 yr of age, 781 ± 33 kg body weight) were infused via the rumen fistula with 592 mg CHBr3/d in an aqueous solution for 14 d. The daily dose was divided into 3 equal portions and infused every 8 h over a 24-h period (0545, 1345, and 2145 h). The 7 d following the infusion period served as a recovery period to describe the dynamics of enteric gas production after cessation of infusion. The Greenfeed system was used for enteric gas measurements. Animals had ad libitum access to grass hay and were supplemented with concentrate through the Greenfeed system for the infusion and recovery periods and for the 14-d adaptation period before the infusions. A two-way ANOVA was performed with phase (pre- and post-infusion) as fixed effect and animal as random effect to assess average differences. Preliminary results show a decrease in methane (CH4) production from on average 371 g/d before the infusions to 5 g/d after 14 d of infusions (P &lt; 0.01). Hydrogen (H2) production increased from on average 0.6 g/d before the infusions to 9.0 g/d after 14 d of infusions (P &lt; 0.01). Dry matter intake (DMI) decreased to on average 12.8 kg/d after 14 d of infusions compared with 16.9 kg/d before the infusions (P &lt; 0.01). A four-parameter logistic model was fitted for the response of CH4 (CH4-inf) and H2 (H2-inf) production in the 14 d after the first infusion, and separately for the response of CH4 (CH4-rec) and H2 (H2-rec) production in the 7 d after the last infusion (Table 1). Preliminary results indicate a 95% decrease in CH4-inf from the A-asymptote (small values of x) is reached after approximately 63 h, and a 95% increase in H2-inf from the B-asymptote (large values of x) is reached after approximately 49 h. After the last infusion, the 95% increase in CH4-rec from the B-asymptote is reached after approximately 109 h, and the 95% decrease in H2-rec from the A-asymptote is reached after approximately 112 h. When comparing the respective inflection points (xmid), the recovery of CH4 production took approximately 3 times longer than the decrease. In addition, after 7 d of recovery, CH4 production did not return to the initial levels before the infusion began. The reduced DMI can partially explain this difference in CH4 recovery; however, other factors cannot be excluded. In conclusion, our data suggest that ruminal infusion of 592 mg CHBr3/d for 14 d reduces CH4 production by &gt;95% and the recovery of CH4 production to pre-infusion levels might take longer than 7 d.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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