Lydia R Burnett, Nick R Hebdon, Pete A Stevens, Monica D Moljo, Lindsay D Waldrop, Lauryn E DeGreeff
Dogs are utilized in forensic science for their extensive scent detection capabilities. They are often considered the “gold standard” in field detection for targets such as illicit drugs and explosives. Despite their prevalence in the field, relatively little is known about how dogs interact with and transport volatile organic compounds through their olfactory system. In this study, two groups of dogs were utilized – Sport detection dogs (n=19) that participate in the National Association of Canine Scent Work and have achieved advanced standing through training and successful search competitions and law enforcement explosive detection dogs (n=8) which were included for comparison. Both groups were presented with two target odorants having differing molecular properties, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and ammonia, two non-target odorants, 1-bromooctane and methyl benzoate, and a negative control. Canines were tested prior to experience with the target odorants, when all odorants were novel, after some brief training with the target odorants, and after longer training time with the target odorants. The non-target odorants were never used in training. Sniffing was measured using flow sensors embedded in a wall immediately in front of the odorants held in a closed cylinder. Sensor data was used to calculate sniff flow rate, frequency (sniffs per seconds) and volume. Results indicated no difference in sniffing dynamics between target odorants; however, sniffing frequency increased significantly with increased experience with the target odorants (Wilcoxon rank sum exact test, W= 148, p=6×10-5). Sniff volume and flow rate showed a positive correlation to body mass for all sport detection dogs (slope = 2.71, F(1,17)= 9.48, p= 0.007, R2= 0.32), though the R2 was low, indicating other factors at play. Law enforcement detection dogs were shown to take in significantly higher mean total sniff volumes (Wilcoxon rank sum exact test: W= 7, p=10-4) and volume flow rates (Wilcoxon rank sum exact test: W= 5, p=6×10-5) compared to the sport detection dogs, but the sniff frequency remained similar for both groups.
{"title":"Dog sniffing biomechanic responses in an odor detection test of odorants with differing physical properties","authors":"Lydia R Burnett, Nick R Hebdon, Pete A Stevens, Monica D Moljo, Lindsay D Waldrop, Lauryn E DeGreeff","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae353","url":null,"abstract":"Dogs are utilized in forensic science for their extensive scent detection capabilities. They are often considered the “gold standard” in field detection for targets such as illicit drugs and explosives. Despite their prevalence in the field, relatively little is known about how dogs interact with and transport volatile organic compounds through their olfactory system. In this study, two groups of dogs were utilized – Sport detection dogs (n=19) that participate in the National Association of Canine Scent Work and have achieved advanced standing through training and successful search competitions and law enforcement explosive detection dogs (n=8) which were included for comparison. Both groups were presented with two target odorants having differing molecular properties, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and ammonia, two non-target odorants, 1-bromooctane and methyl benzoate, and a negative control. Canines were tested prior to experience with the target odorants, when all odorants were novel, after some brief training with the target odorants, and after longer training time with the target odorants. The non-target odorants were never used in training. Sniffing was measured using flow sensors embedded in a wall immediately in front of the odorants held in a closed cylinder. Sensor data was used to calculate sniff flow rate, frequency (sniffs per seconds) and volume. Results indicated no difference in sniffing dynamics between target odorants; however, sniffing frequency increased significantly with increased experience with the target odorants (Wilcoxon rank sum exact test, W= 148, p=6×10-5). Sniff volume and flow rate showed a positive correlation to body mass for all sport detection dogs (slope = 2.71, F(1,17)= 9.48, p= 0.007, R2= 0.32), though the R2 was low, indicating other factors at play. Law enforcement detection dogs were shown to take in significantly higher mean total sniff volumes (Wilcoxon rank sum exact test: W= 7, p=10-4) and volume flow rates (Wilcoxon rank sum exact test: W= 5, p=6×10-5) compared to the sport detection dogs, but the sniff frequency remained similar for both groups.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"127 16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142678349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taurine, biosynthesized from methionine or cysteine in the liver, plays a crucial regulatory role in bile acid conjugation, antioxidant effects, and glucose and cholesterol metabolism. This may influence the metabolic changes associated with fat accumulation in beef cattle. However, the physiological role of taurine in this species has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the physiological role of taurine in Japanese Black steers (Bos taurus) in different phases during the fattening period. To examine the correlation among plasma taurine concentrations, various physiological parameters, and genes related to taurine synthesis in the liver, we used biopsied liver tissues, blood samples, and rumen fluids collected from 21 steers at three different stages, i.e., early (T1; 13 months of age), middle (T2; 20 months of age), and late (T3; 28 months of age) phases. Additionally, to investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying the expression profile of taurine synthesis genes, primary bovine hepatocytes obtained from 4-week-old Holstein calves were treated with palmitate, oleate, acetate, propionate, or β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA). Plasma taurine and cholesterol concentrations significantly (P < 0.001) increased in the T2 phase, which is potentially attributable to increased energy intake and assimilation induced by increased intake of concentrated feed. Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD) expression significantly increased (P < 0.01) in T2 than in other phases. The expression levels of cysteine dioxygenase type 1 (CDO1) and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in T2 than in T3; moreover, the CDO1/glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) ratio was higher (P < 0.05) in T2 than in T1. Plasma taurine concentrations were positively correlated with plasma methionine (r = 0.51; P < 0.05) and total cholesterol (r = 0.56; P < 0.05) concentrations at T2. Relative CDO1 mRNA expression was upregulated in cultured bovine hepatocytes treated with oleate and propionate, whereas it was downregulated upon acetate treatment. These findings indicate that the increase in plasma taurine concentrations in the T2 phase is associated with changes in lipid and methionine metabolism in Japanese Black steers.
{"title":"Dynamics of Blood Taurine Concentration and its Correlation with Nutritional and Physiological Status during the Fattening Period of Japanese Black Cattle","authors":"Shuntaro Takai, Huseong Lee, Minji Kim, Shinichiro Torii, Nishihara Koki, Joonpyo Oh, Tatsunori Masaki, Kentaro Ikuta, Eiji Iwamoto, Kota Masuda, Yoshinobu Uemoto, Fuminori Terada, Satoshi Haga, Sanggun Roh","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae347","url":null,"abstract":"Taurine, biosynthesized from methionine or cysteine in the liver, plays a crucial regulatory role in bile acid conjugation, antioxidant effects, and glucose and cholesterol metabolism. This may influence the metabolic changes associated with fat accumulation in beef cattle. However, the physiological role of taurine in this species has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the physiological role of taurine in Japanese Black steers (Bos taurus) in different phases during the fattening period. To examine the correlation among plasma taurine concentrations, various physiological parameters, and genes related to taurine synthesis in the liver, we used biopsied liver tissues, blood samples, and rumen fluids collected from 21 steers at three different stages, i.e., early (T1; 13 months of age), middle (T2; 20 months of age), and late (T3; 28 months of age) phases. Additionally, to investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying the expression profile of taurine synthesis genes, primary bovine hepatocytes obtained from 4-week-old Holstein calves were treated with palmitate, oleate, acetate, propionate, or β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA). Plasma taurine and cholesterol concentrations significantly (P &lt; 0.001) increased in the T2 phase, which is potentially attributable to increased energy intake and assimilation induced by increased intake of concentrated feed. Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD) expression significantly increased (P &lt; 0.01) in T2 than in other phases. The expression levels of cysteine dioxygenase type 1 (CDO1) and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.001) in T2 than in T3; moreover, the CDO1/glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) ratio was higher (P &lt; 0.05) in T2 than in T1. Plasma taurine concentrations were positively correlated with plasma methionine (r = 0.51; P &lt; 0.05) and total cholesterol (r = 0.56; P &lt; 0.05) concentrations at T2. Relative CDO1 mRNA expression was upregulated in cultured bovine hepatocytes treated with oleate and propionate, whereas it was downregulated upon acetate treatment. These findings indicate that the increase in plasma taurine concentrations in the T2 phase is associated with changes in lipid and methionine metabolism in Japanese Black steers.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas W Dobbins, Luke K Fuerniss, Manuel S Hernandez, Bradley J Johnson, Amy L Petry, Paul R Broadway, Nicole C Burdick-Sanchez, Jerrad F Legako
The in-utero environment is key to both fetal and postnatal growth and development. The objective of this study was to determine if administration of an acute low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to gestating sows during mid to late gestation and post-weaning would alter the offsprings metabolomic profile of the longissimus dorsi (LD) and muscle ultrastructure. Pregnant Camborough sows were randomly assigned to receive LPS (LPS; n= 7) at a dose of 2.5 μg/kg or saline (CON; n = 7) on 78 ± 1.8 d of gestation. At weaning (21 ± 1.3 d of age), barrows (CON n = 17; LPS n = 17) from each treatment were selected to receive a secondary LPS. Barrows were administered the secondary LPS challenge at a dose of 10 μg/kg 7 d post weaning. Twenty-four h after the postnatal LPS dose, barrows (31 ± 1.3 d of age) were euthanized, and each LD was removed. The left LD was utilized for morphometric measurements. Two samples from the medial section of the right LD were preserved for immunohistochemical measurements and metabolomic analyses. Mass spectral data were deconvoluted, aligned, and annotated using MS-DIAL. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using MetaboAnalyst. Pathway analysis was conducted and compared to the Homo sapiens pathway library. Morphometric and immunohistochemical measurements were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS version 9.4. Significance for all analyses was declared at P ≤ 0.05 and tendencies were considered at P ≤ 0.10. Average diameter of myosin heavy chain (MHC) type I and IIB/X fibers was increased (P ≤ 0.048) in LPS offspring compared with CON. Average cross-sectional area was increased (P = 0.030) in MHC IIB/X fibers and tended to be increased (P = 0.080) in MHC I fibers of LPS offspring. There were no differences (P ≥ 0.186) between treatment groups for total nuclei or nuclei positive for MYF5, PAX7, or MYF5 and PAX7 nuclei. Metabolomic analyses identified 14 differentially expressed (P < 0.05) metabolites in the LD between treatment groups. There were 10 metabolites within the LD that tended (P ≤ 0.096) to differ between treatment groups. Thus, this study shows that in-utero immune stimulation using LPS in gestating sows and a subsequent LPS challenge postnatally alters the metabolomic profile and muscle ultrastructure of the LD in weaned pigs.
{"title":"A pre- and postnatal immune challenge influences muscle growth and metabolism in weaned pigs","authors":"Thomas W Dobbins, Luke K Fuerniss, Manuel S Hernandez, Bradley J Johnson, Amy L Petry, Paul R Broadway, Nicole C Burdick-Sanchez, Jerrad F Legako","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae350","url":null,"abstract":"The in-utero environment is key to both fetal and postnatal growth and development. The objective of this study was to determine if administration of an acute low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to gestating sows during mid to late gestation and post-weaning would alter the offsprings metabolomic profile of the longissimus dorsi (LD) and muscle ultrastructure. Pregnant Camborough sows were randomly assigned to receive LPS (LPS; n= 7) at a dose of 2.5 μg/kg or saline (CON; n = 7) on 78 ± 1.8 d of gestation. At weaning (21 ± 1.3 d of age), barrows (CON n = 17; LPS n = 17) from each treatment were selected to receive a secondary LPS. Barrows were administered the secondary LPS challenge at a dose of 10 μg/kg 7 d post weaning. Twenty-four h after the postnatal LPS dose, barrows (31 ± 1.3 d of age) were euthanized, and each LD was removed. The left LD was utilized for morphometric measurements. Two samples from the medial section of the right LD were preserved for immunohistochemical measurements and metabolomic analyses. Mass spectral data were deconvoluted, aligned, and annotated using MS-DIAL. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using MetaboAnalyst. Pathway analysis was conducted and compared to the Homo sapiens pathway library. Morphometric and immunohistochemical measurements were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS version 9.4. Significance for all analyses was declared at P ≤ 0.05 and tendencies were considered at P ≤ 0.10. Average diameter of myosin heavy chain (MHC) type I and IIB/X fibers was increased (P ≤ 0.048) in LPS offspring compared with CON. Average cross-sectional area was increased (P = 0.030) in MHC IIB/X fibers and tended to be increased (P = 0.080) in MHC I fibers of LPS offspring. There were no differences (P ≥ 0.186) between treatment groups for total nuclei or nuclei positive for MYF5, PAX7, or MYF5 and PAX7 nuclei. Metabolomic analyses identified 14 differentially expressed (P &lt; 0.05) metabolites in the LD between treatment groups. There were 10 metabolites within the LD that tended (P ≤ 0.096) to differ between treatment groups. Thus, this study shows that in-utero immune stimulation using LPS in gestating sows and a subsequent LPS challenge postnatally alters the metabolomic profile and muscle ultrastructure of the LD in weaned pigs.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"156 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soybeans are widely recognized as a valuable crop, often included as a high-quality protein source in production animal diets. In addition to contributing to the macronutrient composition of the diet, soybeans also contain many minor bioactive components which can influence the health and growth of animals. This review examined the immunomodulatory potential of soy saponins and their specific effects on the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and intestinal barrier function. Saponins are amphiphilic molecules, a property imparted by their polar carbohydrate chains that attach to a nonpolar aglycone backbone. This structure also complicates their isolation, thus most research investigating soy saponins has been performed in models that only require small amounts of isolated material. Many experiments conducted in vitro or in rodents reported that saponins can reduce damage, particularly in conditions where a challenge was first introduced to stimulate inflammation or oxidative stress. It appears that saponins can exert their anti-inflammatory effects through modulation of the NF-κB pathway, reducing its activation and the release of pro-inflammatory molecules later in the cascade. Furthermore, soy saponins can influence levels of important antioxidative enzymes and reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species, thus attenuating levels of oxidative stress in the model. As these results were obtained from experiments done in vitro or in rodents, they neglect to provide a good representation of how soy saponins may affect some of the greatest consumers of soy-based products, with those being production animals. The work that has been done seems to indicate that soy saponins may exert similar anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects in production animals as those observed in other research models along with immunostimulatory activity that may help boost host defense systems. Overall, there is a dearth of research regarding the effects of soy saponins on species that commonly consume soy products, which begins by developing more effective methods of saponin extraction.
{"title":"Immunomodulatory potential of dietary soybean-derived saponins","authors":"Cameron S White, Ryan N Dilger","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae349","url":null,"abstract":"Soybeans are widely recognized as a valuable crop, often included as a high-quality protein source in production animal diets. In addition to contributing to the macronutrient composition of the diet, soybeans also contain many minor bioactive components which can influence the health and growth of animals. This review examined the immunomodulatory potential of soy saponins and their specific effects on the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and intestinal barrier function. Saponins are amphiphilic molecules, a property imparted by their polar carbohydrate chains that attach to a nonpolar aglycone backbone. This structure also complicates their isolation, thus most research investigating soy saponins has been performed in models that only require small amounts of isolated material. Many experiments conducted in vitro or in rodents reported that saponins can reduce damage, particularly in conditions where a challenge was first introduced to stimulate inflammation or oxidative stress. It appears that saponins can exert their anti-inflammatory effects through modulation of the NF-κB pathway, reducing its activation and the release of pro-inflammatory molecules later in the cascade. Furthermore, soy saponins can influence levels of important antioxidative enzymes and reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species, thus attenuating levels of oxidative stress in the model. As these results were obtained from experiments done in vitro or in rodents, they neglect to provide a good representation of how soy saponins may affect some of the greatest consumers of soy-based products, with those being production animals. The work that has been done seems to indicate that soy saponins may exert similar anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects in production animals as those observed in other research models along with immunostimulatory activity that may help boost host defense systems. Overall, there is a dearth of research regarding the effects of soy saponins on species that commonly consume soy products, which begins by developing more effective methods of saponin extraction.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mounir Medjadbi, Aser Garcia-Rodriguez, Raquel Atxaerandio, Salah Eddine Charef, Clea Picault, Jone Ibarruri, Bruno Iñarra, David San Martin, Beatriz Serrano-Pérez, Maria José Martin-Alonso, Idoia Goiri
Spent coffee grounds (SCG), a by-product rich in polyphenols, can form part of enteric CH4 mitigation strategies while promoting the circular economy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 3 levels of SCG inclusion in the concentrate on enteric CH4 production, feed intake, apparent digestibility, ruminal fermentation pattern, microbial protein supply and gene expression of immune and antioxidant markers in peripheral blood of dry dairy ewes. In a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design, 8 non-productive Latxa ewes were assigned to a concentrate that differed in the level of SCG: Control (0 g/kg DM), SCG100 (100 g/kg DM), SCG150 (150 g/kg DM) and SCG200 (200 g/kg DM). In each period, 14 days of adaptation were allowed, followed by 7 days in individual metabolic cages, and 3 days in respiratory chambers. To avoid a carry-over effect a minimum of 7 days were allotted between periods in which ewes consumed control concentrate and grass hay. Total organic matter intake (OMI) and CH4 emissions (g/d) presented a quadratic response (P=0.008 and P<0.001, respectively) to increasing levels of SCG in the feed. However, when CH4 emissions were corrected for OMI, a linear decrease was observed with increasing levels of SCG in the concentrate (P=0.009). This reduction in CH4 emissions (g/kg OMI) could be explained by the linear decrease (P=0.034) observed in apparent digestibility of organic matter (OM), particularly in crude protein (CP) and starch (P=0.002 and P=0.003, respectively), with increasing levels of SCG in the concentrate. No significant response was found on CH4 emissions corrected for digestible OM and on ruminal fermentation pattern. Regarding microbial protein supply, a linear increase in microbial protein supply efficiency (P=0.008) was observed with increasing levels of SCG in the concentrate. Moreover, SCG inclusion linearly reduced interleukin 10 (P=0.031), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (P=0.007), nuclear factor kappa β (P=0.014), superoxide dismutase 1 (P=0.015) gene expression and tended to linearly reduce those of tumor necrosis factor-α (P=0.074) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (P=0.082). In conclusion, inclusion of SCG up to 200 g/kg in the concentrate did not modify ruminal fermentation pattern, but linearly reduced CH4 emissions per kg of OMI, due to a linear decrease in apparent digestibility of CP and starch. Moreover, linearly increased the efficiency of microbial supply and improved sheep’s blood antioxidant-immune status.
{"title":"Dose-dependent effect of spent coffee grounds on intake, apparent digestibility, fermentation pattern, methane emissions, microbial protein supply and antioxidant status in Latxa sheep","authors":"Mounir Medjadbi, Aser Garcia-Rodriguez, Raquel Atxaerandio, Salah Eddine Charef, Clea Picault, Jone Ibarruri, Bruno Iñarra, David San Martin, Beatriz Serrano-Pérez, Maria José Martin-Alonso, Idoia Goiri","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae351","url":null,"abstract":"Spent coffee grounds (SCG), a by-product rich in polyphenols, can form part of enteric CH4 mitigation strategies while promoting the circular economy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 3 levels of SCG inclusion in the concentrate on enteric CH4 production, feed intake, apparent digestibility, ruminal fermentation pattern, microbial protein supply and gene expression of immune and antioxidant markers in peripheral blood of dry dairy ewes. In a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design, 8 non-productive Latxa ewes were assigned to a concentrate that differed in the level of SCG: Control (0 g/kg DM), SCG100 (100 g/kg DM), SCG150 (150 g/kg DM) and SCG200 (200 g/kg DM). In each period, 14 days of adaptation were allowed, followed by 7 days in individual metabolic cages, and 3 days in respiratory chambers. To avoid a carry-over effect a minimum of 7 days were allotted between periods in which ewes consumed control concentrate and grass hay. Total organic matter intake (OMI) and CH4 emissions (g/d) presented a quadratic response (P=0.008 and P&lt;0.001, respectively) to increasing levels of SCG in the feed. However, when CH4 emissions were corrected for OMI, a linear decrease was observed with increasing levels of SCG in the concentrate (P=0.009). This reduction in CH4 emissions (g/kg OMI) could be explained by the linear decrease (P=0.034) observed in apparent digestibility of organic matter (OM), particularly in crude protein (CP) and starch (P=0.002 and P=0.003, respectively), with increasing levels of SCG in the concentrate. No significant response was found on CH4 emissions corrected for digestible OM and on ruminal fermentation pattern. Regarding microbial protein supply, a linear increase in microbial protein supply efficiency (P=0.008) was observed with increasing levels of SCG in the concentrate. Moreover, SCG inclusion linearly reduced interleukin 10 (P=0.031), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (P=0.007), nuclear factor kappa β (P=0.014), superoxide dismutase 1 (P=0.015) gene expression and tended to linearly reduce those of tumor necrosis factor-α (P=0.074) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (P=0.082). In conclusion, inclusion of SCG up to 200 g/kg in the concentrate did not modify ruminal fermentation pattern, but linearly reduced CH4 emissions per kg of OMI, due to a linear decrease in apparent digestibility of CP and starch. Moreover, linearly increased the efficiency of microbial supply and improved sheep’s blood antioxidant-immune status.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study focused on the effects of dietary Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves (ZBL) powder on the growth performance and antioxidant capacity via the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in broilers. The experiment adopted a single-factor completely random design, and 440 healthy one-day-old AA broiler chicks were randomly divided into four groups: the control group (CON) was fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet, the CZ1 group was fed a basic diet with 1% ZBL powder, the CZ2 group fed a basic diet with 2% ZBL powder, and the CZ3 group fed a basic diet with 3% ZBL powder. The experiment was divided into the starter period (1-21 d) and the grower period (22-42 d). There were five replicates per group in the starter period, with 22 chickens per replicate. The same grouping as in the starter period was used in the grower period, with 20 chickens per replicate. The results showed that the addition of ZBL powder to the diet had no adverse effects on the growth performance and morphological structure of the intestine of broiler chickens in the CZ1 and CZ2 groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the diet with 1% and 2% ZBL powder significantly increased the antioxidant indicators such as CAT, T-AOC, and T-SOD in the serum and liver tissue of broiler chickens, it upregulated the related genes expression of nuclear factor erythroid derived-2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling pathway such as Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, SOD1, and CAT in the jejunal mucosa and enhanced the expression of ZO-1 and OCLN genes in the jejunal mucosa (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 1% and 2% of ZBL powder into the daily diet can enhance the body's antioxidant capacity by elevating antioxidant levels in both serum and liver, upregulates the expression of genes associated with the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in the jejunal mucosa, and helps maintain the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. The optimal addition level of ZBL powder in the diet was determined by quadratic regression analysis to be 1.36%-1.60% during days 1-21 and 1.14%-1.50% during days 22-42.
{"title":"Dietary Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaf powder improves growth performance and antioxidant capacity via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in broilers","authors":"Zhijin Hu, Yibin Qiu, Jiahao Han, Fu Feng, Yunyun Chu, Zhangcheng Li, Liwen Jiang, Zhihong Sun, Lingang Wang, Chen Chen, Zhiru Tang","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae343","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused on the effects of dietary Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves (ZBL) powder on the growth performance and antioxidant capacity via the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in broilers. The experiment adopted a single-factor completely random design, and 440 healthy one-day-old AA broiler chicks were randomly divided into four groups: the control group (CON) was fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet, the CZ1 group was fed a basic diet with 1% ZBL powder, the CZ2 group fed a basic diet with 2% ZBL powder, and the CZ3 group fed a basic diet with 3% ZBL powder. The experiment was divided into the starter period (1-21 d) and the grower period (22-42 d). There were five replicates per group in the starter period, with 22 chickens per replicate. The same grouping as in the starter period was used in the grower period, with 20 chickens per replicate. The results showed that the addition of ZBL powder to the diet had no adverse effects on the growth performance and morphological structure of the intestine of broiler chickens in the CZ1 and CZ2 groups (P &gt; 0.05). Compared with the control group, the diet with 1% and 2% ZBL powder significantly increased the antioxidant indicators such as CAT, T-AOC, and T-SOD in the serum and liver tissue of broiler chickens, it upregulated the related genes expression of nuclear factor erythroid derived-2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling pathway such as Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, SOD1, and CAT in the jejunal mucosa and enhanced the expression of ZO-1 and OCLN genes in the jejunal mucosa (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 1% and 2% of ZBL powder into the daily diet can enhance the body's antioxidant capacity by elevating antioxidant levels in both serum and liver, upregulates the expression of genes associated with the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in the jejunal mucosa, and helps maintain the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. The optimal addition level of ZBL powder in the diet was determined by quadratic regression analysis to be 1.36%-1.60% during days 1-21 and 1.14%-1.50% during days 22-42.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sean B Crowley, Deirdre C Purfield, Stephen B Conroy, David N Kelly, Ross D Evans, Clodagh V Ryan, Donagh P Berry
Despite the multiple definitions currently used to express enteric methane emissions from ruminants, no consensus has been reached on the most appropriate definition. The objective of the present study was to explore alternative trait definitions reflecting animal level differences in enteric methane emissions in growing cattle. It is likely that no single methane trait definition will be best suited to all intended use cases, but at least, knowing the relationships between the different traits may help inform the selection process. The research aimed to understand the complex interrelationships between traditional and novel methane traits and their association with performance traits across multiple breeds and sexes of cattle; also of interest was the extent of variability in daily enteric methane emissions independent of performance traits like feed intake, growth and live-weight. Methane and carbon dioxide data were collected using the Greenfeed system on 939 growing crossbred cattle from a commercial feedlot. Performance traits including feed intake, feeding behavior, liveweight, live animal ultrasound, subjectively scored skeletal and muscular traits, and slaughter data were also available. A total of 13 different methane traits were generated, including (average) daily methane production, five ratio traits and seven residual methane (RMP) traits. The RMP traits were defined as methane production adjusted statistically for different combinations of the performance traits of energy intake, liveweight, average daily gain and carcass weight; terms reflecting systematic effects were also included in the fixed effects linear models. Of the performance traits investigated, liveweight and energy intake individually explained more of the variability in methane production than growth rate or fat. All definitions of RMP were strongly phenotypically correlated with each other (>0.90) as well as with methane production itself (>0.86); the RMP traits were also moderately correlated with the methane ratio traits (>0.57). The dataset included heifers, steers and bulls; bulls were either fed a total mixed ration or ad lib concentrates. When all sexes fed total mixed ration were compared, bulls, on average, emitted the most enteric methane per day of 269.53g, while heifers and steers produced 237.54g and 253.26g, respectively. Breed differences in the methane traits existed, with Limousins, on average, producing the least amount of methane of the breeds investigated. Herefords and Montbéliardes produced 124.50g and 130.77g more methane per day, respectively, than Limousins. The most efficient 10% of test-day records, as defined by daily methane independent of both energy intake and liveweight emitted, on average, 54.60 g/d less methane than animals that were average for daily methane independent of both energy intake and liveweight. This equates to 6.5kg less methane production per animal over a 120-day finishing period for the same feed
{"title":"Associations between a range of enteric methane emission traits and performance traits in indoor-fed growing cattle","authors":"Sean B Crowley, Deirdre C Purfield, Stephen B Conroy, David N Kelly, Ross D Evans, Clodagh V Ryan, Donagh P Berry","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae346","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the multiple definitions currently used to express enteric methane emissions from ruminants, no consensus has been reached on the most appropriate definition. The objective of the present study was to explore alternative trait definitions reflecting animal level differences in enteric methane emissions in growing cattle. It is likely that no single methane trait definition will be best suited to all intended use cases, but at least, knowing the relationships between the different traits may help inform the selection process. The research aimed to understand the complex interrelationships between traditional and novel methane traits and their association with performance traits across multiple breeds and sexes of cattle; also of interest was the extent of variability in daily enteric methane emissions independent of performance traits like feed intake, growth and live-weight. Methane and carbon dioxide data were collected using the Greenfeed system on 939 growing crossbred cattle from a commercial feedlot. Performance traits including feed intake, feeding behavior, liveweight, live animal ultrasound, subjectively scored skeletal and muscular traits, and slaughter data were also available. A total of 13 different methane traits were generated, including (average) daily methane production, five ratio traits and seven residual methane (RMP) traits. The RMP traits were defined as methane production adjusted statistically for different combinations of the performance traits of energy intake, liveweight, average daily gain and carcass weight; terms reflecting systematic effects were also included in the fixed effects linear models. Of the performance traits investigated, liveweight and energy intake individually explained more of the variability in methane production than growth rate or fat. All definitions of RMP were strongly phenotypically correlated with each other (&gt;0.90) as well as with methane production itself (&gt;0.86); the RMP traits were also moderately correlated with the methane ratio traits (&gt;0.57). The dataset included heifers, steers and bulls; bulls were either fed a total mixed ration or ad lib concentrates. When all sexes fed total mixed ration were compared, bulls, on average, emitted the most enteric methane per day of 269.53g, while heifers and steers produced 237.54g and 253.26g, respectively. Breed differences in the methane traits existed, with Limousins, on average, producing the least amount of methane of the breeds investigated. Herefords and Montbéliardes produced 124.50g and 130.77g more methane per day, respectively, than Limousins. The most efficient 10% of test-day records, as defined by daily methane independent of both energy intake and liveweight emitted, on average, 54.60 g/d less methane than animals that were average for daily methane independent of both energy intake and liveweight. This equates to 6.5kg less methane production per animal over a 120-day finishing period for the same feed","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandra M Gachman, Alex C Outlaw, Brooke Newell, Julia Bartosh, Marko Rudar
Weaning stress in pigs is associated with low feed intake and poor nutrient utilization. Cysteine is a sulfur amino acid with key roles in pig production, but how cysteine metabolism and requirements are affected by weaning stress should be better defined. The objective of this study was to determine the collective impact of weaning and feed restriction on tissue cysteine metabolism. Pigs were weaned at 21-d age without access to feed (W; 6.90 ± 0.81 kg; n = 9; reflecting acute nutritional stress) or were not weaned and remained with the sow (NW; 6.81 ± 0.65 kg; n = 8). At euthanasia (23-d age), blood, bile, and liver, jejunum, and ileum tissues were collected. Plasma, bile, and tissue amino acid and amino thiol concentrations were analyzed by HPLC. Activity of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) and glutathione synthetase (GSS), enzymes needed for glutathione (GSH) production, and cysteine dioxygenase 1 (CDO1) were determined with activity assays followed by HPLC analysis of reaction products. Plasma (271 versus 192 ± 19 µmol/L; P < 0.001) and liver (417 versus 298 ± 33 nmol/g; P < 0.05) Cys concentrations were increased in W compared to NW pigs. Despite greater plasma Cys, jejunum and ileum Cys content were not affected by weaning (P > 0.10), whereas γ-glutamylcysteine (γ-GlyCys), the immediate precursor of GSH, declined in both jejunum (14.3 versus 9.7 ± 1.4 nmol/g; P < 0.01) and ileum (11.2 versus 6.4 ± 0.8 nmol/g; P < 0.001) in W pigs. Glutathione content was lower in the jejunum (1379 versus 1720 ± 70 nmol/g; P < 0.05) and ileum (1497 versus 1740 ± 74 nmol/g; P < 0.05) in W pigs. In the jejunum, GCL activity tended to be greater (0.56 versus 0.39 ± 0.07 nmol γ-GluCys • mg-1 • min-1; P < 0.10), whereas GSS activity tended to be lower (1.11 versus 1.38 ± 0.10 nmol GSH • mg-1 • min-1; P < 0.10) in W compared to NW pigs. In the ileum, the activities of GCL and GSS were not affected by weaning (P > 0.10). Although liver CDO1 activity was not different between groups (P < 0.10), liver taurine was greater in W compared to NW pigs (5115 versus 2336 ± 912 nmol/g; P = 0.001). Bile concentrations of Cys (1203 versus 279 ± 103 µmol/L; P < 0.001) and cysteinylglycine (203 versus 117 ± 33 µmol/L; P < 0.10), the direct product of GSH degradation, were greater in W compared to NW pigs. Collectively, these results suggest that systemic Cys is not effectively utilized for gut GSH production in newly weaned pigs and is instead oxidized to taurine and eliminated in bile.
{"title":"Low feed intake at weaning reduces intestinal glutathione levels and promotes cysteine oxidation to taurine in pigs","authors":"Alexandra M Gachman, Alex C Outlaw, Brooke Newell, Julia Bartosh, Marko Rudar","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae348","url":null,"abstract":"Weaning stress in pigs is associated with low feed intake and poor nutrient utilization. Cysteine is a sulfur amino acid with key roles in pig production, but how cysteine metabolism and requirements are affected by weaning stress should be better defined. The objective of this study was to determine the collective impact of weaning and feed restriction on tissue cysteine metabolism. Pigs were weaned at 21-d age without access to feed (W; 6.90 ± 0.81 kg; n = 9; reflecting acute nutritional stress) or were not weaned and remained with the sow (NW; 6.81 ± 0.65 kg; n = 8). At euthanasia (23-d age), blood, bile, and liver, jejunum, and ileum tissues were collected. Plasma, bile, and tissue amino acid and amino thiol concentrations were analyzed by HPLC. Activity of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) and glutathione synthetase (GSS), enzymes needed for glutathione (GSH) production, and cysteine dioxygenase 1 (CDO1) were determined with activity assays followed by HPLC analysis of reaction products. Plasma (271 versus 192 ± 19 µmol/L; P &lt; 0.001) and liver (417 versus 298 ± 33 nmol/g; P &lt; 0.05) Cys concentrations were increased in W compared to NW pigs. Despite greater plasma Cys, jejunum and ileum Cys content were not affected by weaning (P &gt; 0.10), whereas γ-glutamylcysteine (γ-GlyCys), the immediate precursor of GSH, declined in both jejunum (14.3 versus 9.7 ± 1.4 nmol/g; P &lt; 0.01) and ileum (11.2 versus 6.4 ± 0.8 nmol/g; P &lt; 0.001) in W pigs. Glutathione content was lower in the jejunum (1379 versus 1720 ± 70 nmol/g; P &lt; 0.05) and ileum (1497 versus 1740 ± 74 nmol/g; P &lt; 0.05) in W pigs. In the jejunum, GCL activity tended to be greater (0.56 versus 0.39 ± 0.07 nmol γ-GluCys • mg-1 • min-1; P &lt; 0.10), whereas GSS activity tended to be lower (1.11 versus 1.38 ± 0.10 nmol GSH • mg-1 • min-1; P &lt; 0.10) in W compared to NW pigs. In the ileum, the activities of GCL and GSS were not affected by weaning (P &gt; 0.10). Although liver CDO1 activity was not different between groups (P &lt; 0.10), liver taurine was greater in W compared to NW pigs (5115 versus 2336 ± 912 nmol/g; P = 0.001). Bile concentrations of Cys (1203 versus 279 ± 103 µmol/L; P &lt; 0.001) and cysteinylglycine (203 versus 117 ± 33 µmol/L; P &lt; 0.10), the direct product of GSH degradation, were greater in W compared to NW pigs. Collectively, these results suggest that systemic Cys is not effectively utilized for gut GSH production in newly weaned pigs and is instead oxidized to taurine and eliminated in bile.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erin A Posey, Wenliang He, Chandler C Steele, Jeffrey W Savell, Fuller W Bazer, Guoyao Wu
This study tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with glycine (Gly) enhances the synthesis and availability of creatine (Cr) in tissues of pigs with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). At weaning (21 d of age), IUGR pigs and litter mates with normal birth weights (NBW) were assigned randomly to one of two groups, namely, supplementation with 1% Gly or 1.19% L-alanine (isonitrogenous control) to a corn- and soybean meal-based diet. Blood, kidneys, liver, pancreas, jejunum, longissimus lumborum muscle (LLM), and gastrocnemius muscle (GM) were obtained from the pigs within 1 wk after the feeding trial ended at 188 d of age to determine concentrations of guanidinoacetate (GAA), Cr, creatinine, and phosphocreatine (CrP). The organs were also analyzed for activities and mRNA levels for Cr-synthetic enzymes: L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT; forming GAA from Gly and L-arginine) and guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT; converting GAA and L-methionine into Cr). AGAT activity was present in the kidneys, liver, and pancreas, whereas GAMT activity was found in all the organs analyzed. AGAT and GAMT were most active per g of tissue in the kidneys and liver, respectively. Based on tissue mass, the kidneys had the greatest (P < 0.001) AGAT activity per whole organ, followed by the liver, while skeletal muscle had the greatest (P < 0.001) GAMT activity per whole organ, followed by the liver. Thus, the kidneys played a dominant role in forming GAA, whereas skeletal muscle and liver were the major sites for converting GAA into Cr. Dietary supplementation with 1% Gly enhanced AGAT activity in the kidneys and pancreas but reduced GAMT activity in the pancreas and small intestine, therefore directing GAA to the liver and skeletal muscle for Cr production. IUGR selectively reduced the concentration of Cr in LLM among all the organs studied. Except for the GM that had greater mRNA levels for GAMT in IUGR pigs, neither Gly nor IUGR affected mRNA levels for the selected genes in the tissues examined. Collectively, these novel results indicate that dietary Gly intake upregulates the Cr-synthetic pathway in swine.
{"title":"Dietary glycine supplementation enhances creatine availability in tissues of pigs with intrauterine growth restriction","authors":"Erin A Posey, Wenliang He, Chandler C Steele, Jeffrey W Savell, Fuller W Bazer, Guoyao Wu","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae344","url":null,"abstract":"This study tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with glycine (Gly) enhances the synthesis and availability of creatine (Cr) in tissues of pigs with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). At weaning (21 d of age), IUGR pigs and litter mates with normal birth weights (NBW) were assigned randomly to one of two groups, namely, supplementation with 1% Gly or 1.19% L-alanine (isonitrogenous control) to a corn- and soybean meal-based diet. Blood, kidneys, liver, pancreas, jejunum, longissimus lumborum muscle (LLM), and gastrocnemius muscle (GM) were obtained from the pigs within 1 wk after the feeding trial ended at 188 d of age to determine concentrations of guanidinoacetate (GAA), Cr, creatinine, and phosphocreatine (CrP). The organs were also analyzed for activities and mRNA levels for Cr-synthetic enzymes: L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT; forming GAA from Gly and L-arginine) and guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT; converting GAA and L-methionine into Cr). AGAT activity was present in the kidneys, liver, and pancreas, whereas GAMT activity was found in all the organs analyzed. AGAT and GAMT were most active per g of tissue in the kidneys and liver, respectively. Based on tissue mass, the kidneys had the greatest (P &lt; 0.001) AGAT activity per whole organ, followed by the liver, while skeletal muscle had the greatest (P &lt; 0.001) GAMT activity per whole organ, followed by the liver. Thus, the kidneys played a dominant role in forming GAA, whereas skeletal muscle and liver were the major sites for converting GAA into Cr. Dietary supplementation with 1% Gly enhanced AGAT activity in the kidneys and pancreas but reduced GAMT activity in the pancreas and small intestine, therefore directing GAA to the liver and skeletal muscle for Cr production. IUGR selectively reduced the concentration of Cr in LLM among all the organs studied. Except for the GM that had greater mRNA levels for GAMT in IUGR pigs, neither Gly nor IUGR affected mRNA levels for the selected genes in the tissues examined. Collectively, these novel results indicate that dietary Gly intake upregulates the Cr-synthetic pathway in swine.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"245 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erika P Eckhardt, Wonseob Kim, Jerad Jaborek, Andrea J Garmyn, Donghun Kang, Jongkyoo Kim
This study elucidated the effects of dosage-dependent guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation on growth performance, muscle responses, and carcass characteristics in finishing beef steers. Thirty crossbred Red Angus beef steers (395 ± 28.09 kg) were randomly assigned one of three treatments during a 146-day feedlot study: basal diet without GAA supplementation (CONTROL), 1g of GAA per 100 kg of BW daily (LOWGAA), and 2g of GAA per 100 kg of BW daily (HIGHGAA). Individual feed intake was monitored daily, growth performance parameters were collected every 28 days, and longissimus muscle (LM) biopsies occurred every 56 days. In biopsied LM, greater (P = 0.048) mRNA expression of IGF-1 was observed in LOWGAA steers on d 112 compared to the CONTROL group. LOWGAA steers also exhibited greater expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) I compared to CONTROL steers (P < 0.05) and MHC IIA compared to both CONTROL and HIGHGAA treatment groups (P < 0.01) on d 112. GAA supplementation resulted in no change in carcass characteristics, serum and LM tissue metabolites, LM composition, and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values (P > 0.05). Data collected from this study demonstrate the influence of GAA supplementation on the gene expression of MHC isoforms and their role in skeletal muscle growth, differentiation, and muscle fiber-typing.
{"title":"Evaluation of Guanidinoacetic Acid Supplementation on Finishing Beef Steer Growth Performance, Skeletal Muscle Cellular Response, and Carcass Characteristics","authors":"Erika P Eckhardt, Wonseob Kim, Jerad Jaborek, Andrea J Garmyn, Donghun Kang, Jongkyoo Kim","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae337","url":null,"abstract":"This study elucidated the effects of dosage-dependent guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation on growth performance, muscle responses, and carcass characteristics in finishing beef steers. Thirty crossbred Red Angus beef steers (395 ± 28.09 kg) were randomly assigned one of three treatments during a 146-day feedlot study: basal diet without GAA supplementation (CONTROL), 1g of GAA per 100 kg of BW daily (LOWGAA), and 2g of GAA per 100 kg of BW daily (HIGHGAA). Individual feed intake was monitored daily, growth performance parameters were collected every 28 days, and longissimus muscle (LM) biopsies occurred every 56 days. In biopsied LM, greater (P = 0.048) mRNA expression of IGF-1 was observed in LOWGAA steers on d 112 compared to the CONTROL group. LOWGAA steers also exhibited greater expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) I compared to CONTROL steers (P &lt; 0.05) and MHC IIA compared to both CONTROL and HIGHGAA treatment groups (P &lt; 0.01) on d 112. GAA supplementation resulted in no change in carcass characteristics, serum and LM tissue metabolites, LM composition, and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values (P &gt; 0.05). Data collected from this study demonstrate the influence of GAA supplementation on the gene expression of MHC isoforms and their role in skeletal muscle growth, differentiation, and muscle fiber-typing.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142563095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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