Journal of animal science最新文献_第3页

In vitro fermentation characteristics of dietary fibers using fecal inoculum from dogs consuming commercial or grain kefir

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of animal science

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaf022

Breanna N Metras, Patricia M Oba, Dalton A Holt, Laura L Bauer, Michael J Miller, Ryan N Dilger, Kelly S Swanson

Traditional grain kefir is produced from the fermentation of milk with yeast- and bacteria-containing cultures. To maintain consistency and adhere to food safety guidelines, commercial kefir products are based on starter bacterial cultures. Bacterial profiles of starter vs. grain kefirs differ, and their influence on health effects is unknown. Our objectives were to determine the in vitro fermentation characteristics of common dietary fibers using fecal inoculum from dogs supplemented with kefir or kefir bacterial culture as inoculum. Healthy adult dogs were allotted to one of 3 treatments and supplemented for 14 d (n=4/treatment): 1) 2% reduced-fat milk treated with lactase (CNTL), 2) starter kefir (S-Kefir), or 3) grain kefir (G-Kefir). After 14 d, fresh fecal samples were collected and frozen in a 20% glycerol solution. For the in vitro experiment, fecal samples were thawed, diluted in an anaerobic diluting solution, and used to inoculate tubes containing semi-defined medium and either cellulose (CEL), pectin (PC), beet pulp (BP), or chicory pulp (CP). Tubes were incubated for 0, 6, 12, or 18 h, with short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), pH, and microbiota measured at each time point. A second in vitro experiment was conducted using similar methods and measurements, but with S-Kefir and G-Kefir as inoculum sources. Effects of treatment (inoculum), time, and treatment*time interactions within fiber source were analyzed statistically using Mixed Models and repeated measures, with P<0.05 being significant. Using fecal inoculum, BP and PC were rapidly fermented, leading to large pH reductions, SCFA increases, and microbiota shifts. pH change was of greater (P<0.05) magnitude (PC) and higher (P<0.05) kinetic rate (CP) when using feces from dogs fed S-Kefir or G-Kefir than controls. Butyrate increases were greater (P<0.05) in tubes inoculated with G-Kefir feces than in S-Kefir or control feces. When PC and BP were fermented, tubes with S-Kefir feces had greater (P<0.05) acetate, propionate, and total SCFA increases than G-Kefir or control feces. Fermentations were slower when using kefir cultures as inoculum, but some differences were noted. Bacterial beta diversity and relative abundances shifted over time within each substrate and were unique to inoculum source. Our data suggest that the activity of kefir bacterial populations differs, and that kefir consumption changes the abundance and activity of the fecal microbiota of dogs, justifying in vivo investigation.

{"title":"In vitro fermentation characteristics of dietary fibers using fecal inoculum from dogs consuming commercial or grain kefir","authors":"Breanna N Metras, Patricia M Oba, Dalton A Holt, Laura L Bauer, Michael J Miller, Ryan N Dilger, Kelly S Swanson","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf022","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional grain kefir is produced from the fermentation of milk with yeast- and bacteria-containing cultures. To maintain consistency and adhere to food safety guidelines, commercial kefir products are based on starter bacterial cultures. Bacterial profiles of starter vs. grain kefirs differ, and their influence on health effects is unknown. Our objectives were to determine the in vitro fermentation characteristics of common dietary fibers using fecal inoculum from dogs supplemented with kefir or kefir bacterial culture as inoculum. Healthy adult dogs were allotted to one of 3 treatments and supplemented for 14 d (n=4/treatment): 1) 2% reduced-fat milk treated with lactase (CNTL), 2) starter kefir (S-Kefir), or 3) grain kefir (G-Kefir). After 14 d, fresh fecal samples were collected and frozen in a 20% glycerol solution. For the in vitro experiment, fecal samples were thawed, diluted in an anaerobic diluting solution, and used to inoculate tubes containing semi-defined medium and either cellulose (CEL), pectin (PC), beet pulp (BP), or chicory pulp (CP). Tubes were incubated for 0, 6, 12, or 18 h, with short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), pH, and microbiota measured at each time point. A second in vitro experiment was conducted using similar methods and measurements, but with S-Kefir and G-Kefir as inoculum sources. Effects of treatment (inoculum), time, and treatment*time interactions within fiber source were analyzed statistically using Mixed Models and repeated measures, with P&lt;0.05 being significant. Using fecal inoculum, BP and PC were rapidly fermented, leading to large pH reductions, SCFA increases, and microbiota shifts. pH change was of greater (P&lt;0.05) magnitude (PC) and higher (P&lt;0.05) kinetic rate (CP) when using feces from dogs fed S-Kefir or G-Kefir than controls. Butyrate increases were greater (P&lt;0.05) in tubes inoculated with G-Kefir feces than in S-Kefir or control feces. When PC and BP were fermented, tubes with S-Kefir feces had greater (P&lt;0.05) acetate, propionate, and total SCFA increases than G-Kefir or control feces. Fermentations were slower when using kefir cultures as inoculum, but some differences were noted. Bacterial beta diversity and relative abundances shifted over time within each substrate and were unique to inoculum source. Our data suggest that the activity of kefir bacterial populations differs, and that kefir consumption changes the abundance and activity of the fecal microbiota of dogs, justifying in vivo investigation.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143084155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of multienzyme supplementation on energy and nutrient digestibility in various feed ingredients for pregnant gilts

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of animal science

Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaf017

Garrin L Shipman, Jorge Y Perez-Palencia, Jinsu Hong, Yanxing Niu, Anna Rogiewicz, Rob Patterson, Crystal L Levesque

The utilization of exogenous fiber-degrading enzymes in commercial swine diets is a strategy to increase the nutrient and energy density of poorly digestible ingredients. In a prior set of studies, dietary multienzyme blend (MEblend) supplementation increased the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, and energy in complete high-fibrous gestation diets by 6% when fed to gestating sows. The current study aimed to determine the effects of MEblend (containing xylanase, β-glucanase, cellulase, amylase, protease, pectinase, and invertase activities) supplementation on ATTD of energy and nutrients of individual feedstuffs commonly used in gestating sow diets across major pork-producing regions worldwide, which differ in their fibrous components. Twenty-seven gilts (initial body weight 176 ± 6.6 kg), in a crossover design with four periods (periods 1, 2, 3, and 4 from d 41 to 55, 56 to 70, 71 to 85, and 86 to 100 of gestation, respectively), were allocated to one of 7 diets (with or without MEblend supplementation at 0.1% inclusion; 7-8 observations per treatment) to determine the ATTD of energy and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Three diets contained corn, wheat, and sorghum as the sole source of energy. In the other diets, soybean meal (SBM), field peas (FP), canola meal (CM), and sugar beet pulp (SBP) each replaced 25% of the corn in the corn diet to determine the energy value of individual feedstuffs. Data were analyzed using a Student’s t-test to evaluate the effect of enzyme supplementation on these feedstuffs. The MEblend increased the metabolizable and net energy of corn (P = 0.10) and wheat (P < 0.01) by 2% and 3%, respectively. The energy content of sorghum was not impacted by MEblend. Furthermore, a 6%, 4%, and 25% increase was observed in metabolizable and net energy of SBM, FP, and CM, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). The energy value in SBP was not affected by MEblend supplementation. In conclusion, supplementing diets with a multienzyme blend increased the energy content of corn, wheat, soybean meal, field peas, and canola meal fed to gestating sows by approximately 2% to 25%, depending on the feedstuffs. The energy value of sorghum and sugar beet pulp was not affected by the multienzyme blend. This should be considered when formulating fibrous diets for gestating sows to increase nutrient utilization of feedstuffs.

{"title":"Effects of multienzyme supplementation on energy and nutrient digestibility in various feed ingredients for pregnant gilts","authors":"Garrin L Shipman, Jorge Y Perez-Palencia, Jinsu Hong, Yanxing Niu, Anna Rogiewicz, Rob Patterson, Crystal L Levesque","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf017","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of exogenous fiber-degrading enzymes in commercial swine diets is a strategy to increase the nutrient and energy density of poorly digestible ingredients. In a prior set of studies, dietary multienzyme blend (MEblend) supplementation increased the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, and energy in complete high-fibrous gestation diets by 6% when fed to gestating sows. The current study aimed to determine the effects of MEblend (containing xylanase, β-glucanase, cellulase, amylase, protease, pectinase, and invertase activities) supplementation on ATTD of energy and nutrients of individual feedstuffs commonly used in gestating sow diets across major pork-producing regions worldwide, which differ in their fibrous components. Twenty-seven gilts (initial body weight 176 ± 6.6 kg), in a crossover design with four periods (periods 1, 2, 3, and 4 from d 41 to 55, 56 to 70, 71 to 85, and 86 to 100 of gestation, respectively), were allocated to one of 7 diets (with or without MEblend supplementation at 0.1% inclusion; 7-8 observations per treatment) to determine the ATTD of energy and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Three diets contained corn, wheat, and sorghum as the sole source of energy. In the other diets, soybean meal (SBM), field peas (FP), canola meal (CM), and sugar beet pulp (SBP) each replaced 25% of the corn in the corn diet to determine the energy value of individual feedstuffs. Data were analyzed using a Student’s t-test to evaluate the effect of enzyme supplementation on these feedstuffs. The MEblend increased the metabolizable and net energy of corn (P = 0.10) and wheat (P &lt; 0.01) by 2% and 3%, respectively. The energy content of sorghum was not impacted by MEblend. Furthermore, a 6%, 4%, and 25% increase was observed in metabolizable and net energy of SBM, FP, and CM, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). The energy value in SBP was not affected by MEblend supplementation. In conclusion, supplementing diets with a multienzyme blend increased the energy content of corn, wheat, soybean meal, field peas, and canola meal fed to gestating sows by approximately 2% to 25%, depending on the feedstuffs. The energy value of sorghum and sugar beet pulp was not affected by the multienzyme blend. This should be considered when formulating fibrous diets for gestating sows to increase nutrient utilization of feedstuffs.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Breed and trace mineral source influence the performance of beef heifers during periods of nutrient restriction and grazing forage at early vegetative stage

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of animal science

Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaf019

Isabella R T Souza, Philipe Moriel, Taynara C dos Santos, André V de Miranda, Gabriel R R Monar, Maria E Rezende, Karolina V Z Augusto, Marco A F Porcionato, M Victoria Sanz-Fernandez, Izadora S Souza, Shea J Mackey, Reinaldo F Cooke, J M B Vendramini, Davi B Araujo, José L M Vasconcelos

We evaluated the effects of breed and mineral source on heifer performance during periods of nutrient restriction and grazing. On day -7, ½ Angus × ½ Nelore (ANE) and Nelore (NE) heifers (12 heifers per breed; body weight, BW = 264 ± 35 kg; age = 15 ± 1 mo) were assigned to individual drylot pens to receive ad libitum Tifton 85 (Cynodon sp.) hay and white salt for 7 days. On day 0, within each breed, heifers were randomly assigned (2 × 2 factorial arrangement) to receive protein supplementation (0.20% of BW; dry matter, DM) added with sulfate (SUL) or hydroxychloride (HYD) sources of Cu, Mn, and Zn from day 0 to 49. From day 0 to 34, hay DM intake was restricted to 50% of the ad libitum intake recorded from day -7 to -1. On day 35, heifers were transferred to individual pastures to graze Tifton 85 forage at early vegetative stage until day 49. No effects of breed × mineral source × day and breed × mineral source were detected (P ≥ 0.11). Nelore heifers had greater (P ≤ 0.02) average daily gain (ADG) from day 0 to 35 and day 0 to 49 compared to ANE heifers. Cumulative diarrhea incidence, fecal pH and total days of diarrhea symptoms did not differ (P ≥ 0.19) between breeds. Nelore heifers had greater (P ≤ 0.05) serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) from day 35 to 45 but had less (P ≤ 0.05) serum concentrations of cortisol and haptoglobin on day 42 and 45, respectively. Serum concentrations of urea N were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for NE vs. ANE heifers on days 0 and 42 and were less (P ≤ 0.05) for NE vs. ANE on days 38, 45 and 49. Heifers supplemented with HYD had (P ≤ 0.05) greater ADG from day 0 to 35, lower cumulative diarrhea incidence and percentage of heifers exhibiting ≥ 2 days of diarrhea from day 36 to 49, less serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) on day 35, and less serum concentrations of NEFA, cortisol and urea N on day 38 compared to SUL heifers. In summary, breed influenced serum concentrations of haptoglobin, cortisol, urea N, insulin and IGF-1, and the growth of beef heifers during nutrient restriction, but did not impact growth and incidence of diarrhea during periods of grazing forage at early vegetative stage. Regardless of breed, replacing sulfate with hydroxychloride sources of Cu, Mn, and Zn led to minimal reductions on serum concentrations of NEFA, cortisol and urea N, enhanced growth during nutrient restriction, and reduced diarrhea incidence during grazing of early vegetative forage.

{"title":"Breed and trace mineral source influence the performance of beef heifers during periods of nutrient restriction and grazing forage at early vegetative stage","authors":"Isabella R T Souza, Philipe Moriel, Taynara C dos Santos, André V de Miranda, Gabriel R R Monar, Maria E Rezende, Karolina V Z Augusto, Marco A F Porcionato, M Victoria Sanz-Fernandez, Izadora S Souza, Shea J Mackey, Reinaldo F Cooke, J M B Vendramini, Davi B Araujo, José L M Vasconcelos","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf019","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated the effects of breed and mineral source on heifer performance during periods of nutrient restriction and grazing. On day -7, ½ Angus × ½ Nelore (ANE) and Nelore (NE) heifers (12 heifers per breed; body weight, BW = 264 ± 35 kg; age = 15 ± 1 mo) were assigned to individual drylot pens to receive ad libitum Tifton 85 (Cynodon sp.) hay and white salt for 7 days. On day 0, within each breed, heifers were randomly assigned (2 × 2 factorial arrangement) to receive protein supplementation (0.20% of BW; dry matter, DM) added with sulfate (SUL) or hydroxychloride (HYD) sources of Cu, Mn, and Zn from day 0 to 49. From day 0 to 34, hay DM intake was restricted to 50% of the ad libitum intake recorded from day -7 to -1. On day 35, heifers were transferred to individual pastures to graze Tifton 85 forage at early vegetative stage until day 49. No effects of breed × mineral source × day and breed × mineral source were detected (P ≥ 0.11). Nelore heifers had greater (P ≤ 0.02) average daily gain (ADG) from day 0 to 35 and day 0 to 49 compared to ANE heifers. Cumulative diarrhea incidence, fecal pH and total days of diarrhea symptoms did not differ (P ≥ 0.19) between breeds. Nelore heifers had greater (P ≤ 0.05) serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) from day 35 to 45 but had less (P ≤ 0.05) serum concentrations of cortisol and haptoglobin on day 42 and 45, respectively. Serum concentrations of urea N were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for NE vs. ANE heifers on days 0 and 42 and were less (P ≤ 0.05) for NE vs. ANE on days 38, 45 and 49. Heifers supplemented with HYD had (P ≤ 0.05) greater ADG from day 0 to 35, lower cumulative diarrhea incidence and percentage of heifers exhibiting ≥ 2 days of diarrhea from day 36 to 49, less serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) on day 35, and less serum concentrations of NEFA, cortisol and urea N on day 38 compared to SUL heifers. In summary, breed influenced serum concentrations of haptoglobin, cortisol, urea N, insulin and IGF-1, and the growth of beef heifers during nutrient restriction, but did not impact growth and incidence of diarrhea during periods of grazing forage at early vegetative stage. Regardless of breed, replacing sulfate with hydroxychloride sources of Cu, Mn, and Zn led to minimal reductions on serum concentrations of NEFA, cortisol and urea N, enhanced growth during nutrient restriction, and reduced diarrhea incidence during grazing of early vegetative forage.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of feeding thermally peroxidized lipids on the performance of growing pigs

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of animal science

Pub Date : 2025-01-26 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaf015

Brian J Kerr, Victoria C Wilson, Junwei Zhang, Chi Chen

Feeding pigs lipids containing high levels of lipid oxidation products (LOP) has been shown to reduce growth performance, but data is lacking on quantitative relationships between LOP and pig growth, feed intake and feed efficiency. Four experiments (EXP) were conducted using soybean oil (SO) in EXP 1, 2, and 3, as well as SO, choice white grease (CWG) and palm oil (PO) in EXP 4, to evaluate the impact of feeding diets containing different amounts of LOP on pig performance. Lipid peroxidation was carried out using variable heating temperatures and durations to generate lipids with a broad range of peroxide (PV, mEq) and anisidine value (AnV, unitless). Lipids were added to the diets at 10, 10, 8, and 7.5% for EXP 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, with dietary PV and AnV calculated using lipid peroxidation concentrations of PV and AnV times the dietary lipid inclusion rate. Within each EXP, pig performance (6.2 – 13.4 kg, EXP 1, 13.5 – 23.7 kg, EXP 2; 20.3 – 36.9 kg, EXP 3; 29.6 – 44.1 kg, EXP 4) was affected differently depending on dietary PV and AnV concentrations. Using the control-fed pigs within each experiment as a baseline of 100%, correlations of pooled relative pig performance data (dependent variables of ADG, ADFI, and GF) from EXP 1, 2, 3, and 4 with their respective dietary LOP values (independent variables of dietary PV and AnV due their ability to be measured commercially) resulted in significant (P ≤ 0.01) regression equations for relative ADG [ADG, % = 101.2 - [(0.321 × PV) + (1.019 × AnV)], R² = 0.81], ADFI [ADFI, % = 100.8 - [(0.320 × PV) + (0.629 × AnV)], R² = 0.68], and GF [GF, % = 101.3 - [(0.016 × PV) + (0.525 × AnV)], R² = 0.70], albeit PV was not a significant regression coefficient in the GF model (P = 0.90). This data shows that the values of primary and secondary LOP (i.e., PV and AnV, respectively) could be effectively used in predicting the effect of feeding oxidized lipids on growth, feed intake and feed efficiency in growing pigs.

{"title":"Influence of feeding thermally peroxidized lipids on the performance of growing pigs","authors":"Brian J Kerr, Victoria C Wilson, Junwei Zhang, Chi Chen","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf015","url":null,"abstract":"Feeding pigs lipids containing high levels of lipid oxidation products (LOP) has been shown to reduce growth performance, but data is lacking on quantitative relationships between LOP and pig growth, feed intake and feed efficiency. Four experiments (EXP) were conducted using soybean oil (SO) in EXP 1, 2, and 3, as well as SO, choice white grease (CWG) and palm oil (PO) in EXP 4, to evaluate the impact of feeding diets containing different amounts of LOP on pig performance. Lipid peroxidation was carried out using variable heating temperatures and durations to generate lipids with a broad range of peroxide (PV, mEq) and anisidine value (AnV, unitless). Lipids were added to the diets at 10, 10, 8, and 7.5% for EXP 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, with dietary PV and AnV calculated using lipid peroxidation concentrations of PV and AnV times the dietary lipid inclusion rate. Within each EXP, pig performance (6.2 – 13.4 kg, EXP 1, 13.5 – 23.7 kg, EXP 2; 20.3 – 36.9 kg, EXP 3; 29.6 – 44.1 kg, EXP 4) was affected differently depending on dietary PV and AnV concentrations. Using the control-fed pigs within each experiment as a baseline of 100%, correlations of pooled relative pig performance data (dependent variables of ADG, ADFI, and GF) from EXP 1, 2, 3, and 4 with their respective dietary LOP values (independent variables of dietary PV and AnV due their ability to be measured commercially) resulted in significant (P ≤ 0.01) regression equations for relative ADG [ADG, % = 101.2 - [(0.321 × PV) + (1.019 × AnV)], R² = 0.81], ADFI [ADFI, % = 100.8 - [(0.320 × PV) + (0.629 × AnV)], R² = 0.68], and GF [GF, % = 101.3 - [(0.016 × PV) + (0.525 × AnV)], R² = 0.70], albeit PV was not a significant regression coefficient in the GF model (P = 0.90). This data shows that the values of primary and secondary LOP (i.e., PV and AnV, respectively) could be effectively used in predicting the effect of feeding oxidized lipids on growth, feed intake and feed efficiency in growing pigs.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Feeding nursery pigs diets containing peroxidized soybean oil has minimal effects on oxidative status but dramatically reduces serum vitamin E concentrations

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of animal science

Pub Date : 2025-01-26 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaf016

Victoria C Wilson, Brian J Kerr

A subgroup of pigs from two experiments (EXP) were selected to evaluate the impact of pigs fed diets containing peroxidized soybean oil (SO) on plasma-based measures of oxidative stress and vitamin E. Pigs were fed diets containing SO that was either unprocessed (23 °C; peroxide value of 3 meq/kg and an anisidine value of 4) or thermally processed at 135 °C for 42 h (peroxide value of 30 meq/kg and an anisidine value of 501). The corn-soybean meal-based diets contained either 10% SO (EXP 1) or 8% SO (EXP 2). Pigs were fed the experimental diets for 22 d (EXP 1, 13.5 to 24.0 kg, 2 pigs/pen) or 27 d (EXP 2, 21.3 to 37.5 kg, 1 pig/pen), each with 10 replications per dietary treatment. Pigs fed diets containing the peroxidized SO had reduced ADG, ADFI, and GF compared to pigs fed diets containing the unheated SO (P ≤ 0.01). Pigs fed diets containing peroxidized SO had increased plasma concentrations of F2-isoprostanes and reactive oxygen metabolites compared to pigs fed diets containing unheated SO (P ≤ 0.01). In contrast, plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentrations tended to decrease in pigs fed diets containing peroxidized SO compared to pigs fed diets containing unheated SO (P = 0.10). There was no apparent effect of pigs consuming diets containing peroxidized SO on plasma antioxidant adsorbent capacity or an oxidative stress index (P ≥ 0.19). Pigs fed diets containing peroxidized SO resulted in a reduction in plasma vitamin E compared to pigs fed diets containing unheated SO (P ≤ 0.01). Results indicate that adding SO that has been thermally processed thereby containing high concentrations of aldehydes resulted in inconsistent changes of markers of oxidative stress, but dramatically reduced plasma vitamin E concentrations.

{"title":"Feeding nursery pigs diets containing peroxidized soybean oil has minimal effects on oxidative status but dramatically reduces serum vitamin E concentrations","authors":"Victoria C Wilson, Brian J Kerr","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf016","url":null,"abstract":"A subgroup of pigs from two experiments (EXP) were selected to evaluate the impact of pigs fed diets containing peroxidized soybean oil (SO) on plasma-based measures of oxidative stress and vitamin E. Pigs were fed diets containing SO that was either unprocessed (23 °C; peroxide value of 3 meq/kg and an anisidine value of 4) or thermally processed at 135 °C for 42 h (peroxide value of 30 meq/kg and an anisidine value of 501). The corn-soybean meal-based diets contained either 10% SO (EXP 1) or 8% SO (EXP 2). Pigs were fed the experimental diets for 22 d (EXP 1, 13.5 to 24.0 kg, 2 pigs/pen) or 27 d (EXP 2, 21.3 to 37.5 kg, 1 pig/pen), each with 10 replications per dietary treatment. Pigs fed diets containing the peroxidized SO had reduced ADG, ADFI, and GF compared to pigs fed diets containing the unheated SO (P ≤ 0.01). Pigs fed diets containing peroxidized SO had increased plasma concentrations of F2-isoprostanes and reactive oxygen metabolites compared to pigs fed diets containing unheated SO (P ≤ 0.01). In contrast, plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentrations tended to decrease in pigs fed diets containing peroxidized SO compared to pigs fed diets containing unheated SO (P = 0.10). There was no apparent effect of pigs consuming diets containing peroxidized SO on plasma antioxidant adsorbent capacity or an oxidative stress index (P ≥ 0.19). Pigs fed diets containing peroxidized SO resulted in a reduction in plasma vitamin E compared to pigs fed diets containing unheated SO (P ≤ 0.01). Results indicate that adding SO that has been thermally processed thereby containing high concentrations of aldehydes resulted in inconsistent changes of markers of oxidative stress, but dramatically reduced plasma vitamin E concentrations.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Source of Origin and Region of Finishing on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Heifers Fed in the United States.

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of animal science

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaf013

Erin R DeHaan, Colten W Dornbach, Amanda D Blair, Nicole C Burdick Sanchez, Jeffery A Carroll, Paul R Broadway, Warren C Rusche, Kristin E Hales, Zachary K Smith

The objective was to evaluate growth performance and carcass traits of finishing beef heifers sourced and finished in different regions in the U.S. Heifers [n = 190; initial body weight (BW) 483 ± 0.4 kg and 425 ± 1.9 kg for SD and TX sourced, respectively] were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of origin state (SD vs. TX) and finishing state (SD vs. TX) was used. Heifers were allotted on d -1 to: 1) sourced from SD and finished in SD (SD-SD), 2) sourced from SD and finished in TX (SD-TX), 3) sourced from TX and finished in SD (TX-SD), and 4) sourced from TX and finished in TX (TX-TX). Heifers were weighed on d -1, 3, 15, 28, 56, 78 (TX-TX and SD-TX) and 90 (SD-SD and TX-SD). On d 0, SD-TX and TX-SD heifers were shipped to their respective finishing locations. The following morning (d 1), SD-TX and TX-SD heifers were individually weighed to determine transit shrink. To monitor transit stress effects, vaginal temperature probes were used on all SD-TX and TX-SD heifers and a portion of SD-SD and TX-TX heifers on d -1 and removed on d 3. Clinical attitude scores (CAS) were recorded on d -1, 0, 1, 2 and 3 for bovine respiratory disease symptoms. Transported heifers had decreased temperatures (P ≤ 0.01) during transit and post-transit and increased (P ≤ 0.01) vaginal temperature during loading and unloading compared to non-transported heifers. On d 0, 1, and 3 there was a shift in the distribution of heifers that had a CAS score greater than 0 for TX-TX, SD-TX and TX-SD. Heifers endured elevated ambient temperatures (temperature humidity index > 75) for 54% and 18% of the feeding period for TX and SD. Growth performance and carcass trait interactions were significant (P < 0.01) except for d -1 BW, percent shrink during transit, average daily gain, dressing percent, ribeye area and liver abscess severity, which did not differ (P > 0.30). A shift in the distribution (P < 0.02) towards a greater proportion of Yield Grade 1 and Select carcasses for was observed for TX versus SD. Overall, heifers transported to higher ambient temperatures had improved overall yield grades, but decreased dry matter intake, quality grades (QG) and limited growth recovery (45 kg lighter) following transit than non-transported heifers. Heifers transported to lower ambient temperatures recovered growth and had improved QG (P < 0.02) at the same thickness of rib fat compared to non-transported heifers but had decreased overall yield and yield grades.

{"title":"Influence of Source of Origin and Region of Finishing on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Heifers Fed in the United States.","authors":"Erin R DeHaan, Colten W Dornbach, Amanda D Blair, Nicole C Burdick Sanchez, Jeffery A Carroll, Paul R Broadway, Warren C Rusche, Kristin E Hales, Zachary K Smith","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf013","url":null,"abstract":"The objective was to evaluate growth performance and carcass traits of finishing beef heifers sourced and finished in different regions in the U.S. Heifers [n = 190; initial body weight (BW) 483 ± 0.4 kg and 425 ± 1.9 kg for SD and TX sourced, respectively] were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of origin state (SD vs. TX) and finishing state (SD vs. TX) was used. Heifers were allotted on d -1 to: 1) sourced from SD and finished in SD (SD-SD), 2) sourced from SD and finished in TX (SD-TX), 3) sourced from TX and finished in SD (TX-SD), and 4) sourced from TX and finished in TX (TX-TX). Heifers were weighed on d -1, 3, 15, 28, 56, 78 (TX-TX and SD-TX) and 90 (SD-SD and TX-SD). On d 0, SD-TX and TX-SD heifers were shipped to their respective finishing locations. The following morning (d 1), SD-TX and TX-SD heifers were individually weighed to determine transit shrink. To monitor transit stress effects, vaginal temperature probes were used on all SD-TX and TX-SD heifers and a portion of SD-SD and TX-TX heifers on d -1 and removed on d 3. Clinical attitude scores (CAS) were recorded on d -1, 0, 1, 2 and 3 for bovine respiratory disease symptoms. Transported heifers had decreased temperatures (P ≤ 0.01) during transit and post-transit and increased (P ≤ 0.01) vaginal temperature during loading and unloading compared to non-transported heifers. On d 0, 1, and 3 there was a shift in the distribution of heifers that had a CAS score greater than 0 for TX-TX, SD-TX and TX-SD. Heifers endured elevated ambient temperatures (temperature humidity index > 75) for 54% and 18% of the feeding period for TX and SD. Growth performance and carcass trait interactions were significant (P < 0.01) except for d -1 BW, percent shrink during transit, average daily gain, dressing percent, ribeye area and liver abscess severity, which did not differ (P > 0.30). A shift in the distribution (P < 0.02) towards a greater proportion of Yield Grade 1 and Select carcasses for was observed for TX versus SD. Overall, heifers transported to higher ambient temperatures had improved overall yield grades, but decreased dry matter intake, quality grades (QG) and limited growth recovery (45 kg lighter) following transit than non-transported heifers. Heifers transported to lower ambient temperatures recovered growth and had improved QG (P < 0.02) at the same thickness of rib fat compared to non-transported heifers but had decreased overall yield and yield grades.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dietary phytosterols increased the rate of weight gain, antioxidant capacity and growth of beneficial strains of bacteria in the gut and suppressed the population of potentially pathogenic bacteria in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides).

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of animal science

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaf011

Haisong Shi, Zhongchao Pan, Yufei Chen, Qinghui Ai, Paihuai Ouyang, Fenggang Sun, Kangyuan Qu, Yucheng Liu, Beiping Tan, Shiwei Xie

This study was to evaluate the effects of dietary adding of phytosterol (PS) on growth, antioxidant capacity, tissue morphology and gut microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). A total of 540 largemouth bass (13.75 ± 0.37g) were selected and randomly divided into six groups and fed with diets supplemented with 0, 0.01 %, 0.02 %, 0.03 %, 0.04 % and 0.05 % of PS (ontrol, PS1-PS5) for 56 d. The results showed that the rate of weight gain (WGR) and condition factor (CF) of largemouth bass increased significantly (P < 0.05) with the increasing PS addition levels. In addition, PS significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in serum compared to group C (P < 0.05), as well as increased relative expression of pituitary Insulin-like growth factor (igf1ra, igf1rb, and igf2r), hypothalamic growth hormone gh and insulin receptor ir, compared with group C (P < 0.05). Histopathological analysis showed that the addition of 0.04 % PS to the feed resulted in a tighter cellular arrangement and a significant reduction in vacuolisation in the liver of largemouth bass. It also significantly increased intestinal fold width and muscle wall thickness (P < 0.05). Analysis of the intestinal flora showed a significant decrease in the α-diversity of the flora in the PS4 group compared to the C group (P < 0.05). Notably, at the phylum level, the addition of PS to feed significantly reduced the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota. At the genus level, PS significantly increased the relative abundance of Cetobacterium (P < 0.05). The addition of 0.04 % PS to the feed promotes growth, antioxidant capacity, improved tissue morphology and increased abundances of beneficial gut microbiotas in largemouth bass.

{"title":"Dietary phytosterols increased the rate of weight gain, antioxidant capacity and growth of beneficial strains of bacteria in the gut and suppressed the population of potentially pathogenic bacteria in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides).","authors":"Haisong Shi, Zhongchao Pan, Yufei Chen, Qinghui Ai, Paihuai Ouyang, Fenggang Sun, Kangyuan Qu, Yucheng Liu, Beiping Tan, Shiwei Xie","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf011","url":null,"abstract":"This study was to evaluate the effects of dietary adding of phytosterol (PS) on growth, antioxidant capacity, tissue morphology and gut microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). A total of 540 largemouth bass (13.75 ± 0.37g) were selected and randomly divided into six groups and fed with diets supplemented with 0, 0.01 %, 0.02 %, 0.03 %, 0.04 % and 0.05 % of PS (ontrol, PS1-PS5) for 56 d. The results showed that the rate of weight gain (WGR) and condition factor (CF) of largemouth bass increased significantly (P < 0.05) with the increasing PS addition levels. In addition, PS significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in serum compared to group C (P < 0.05), as well as increased relative expression of pituitary Insulin-like growth factor (igf1ra, igf1rb, and igf2r), hypothalamic growth hormone gh and insulin receptor ir, compared with group C (P < 0.05). Histopathological analysis showed that the addition of 0.04 % PS to the feed resulted in a tighter cellular arrangement and a significant reduction in vacuolisation in the liver of largemouth bass. It also significantly increased intestinal fold width and muscle wall thickness (P < 0.05). Analysis of the intestinal flora showed a significant decrease in the α-diversity of the flora in the PS4 group compared to the C group (P < 0.05). Notably, at the phylum level, the addition of PS to feed significantly reduced the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota. At the genus level, PS significantly increased the relative abundance of Cetobacterium (P < 0.05). The addition of 0.04 % PS to the feed promotes growth, antioxidant capacity, improved tissue morphology and increased abundances of beneficial gut microbiotas in largemouth bass.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies to identify candidate genes associated with feed efficiency traits in pigs.

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of animal science

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaf010

Maria Rita Gonçalves da Silva, Renata Veroneze, Daniele B D Marques, Delvan A da Silva, Inaê I Machado, Luiz F Brito, Paulo S Lopes

Pig production is an agricultural sector of great economic and social relevance to Brazil and global markets. Feed efficiency traits directly influence the sustainability of pig production due to the economic impact of feed costs on the production system and the environmental footprint of the industry. Therefore, breeding for improved feed efficiency has been a target of worldwide pig breeding programs. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) enable the assessment of the genetic background of complex traits, which contributes to a better understanding of the biological mechanisms regulating their phenotypic expression. In this context, the primary objective of this study was to identify and validate genomic regions and candidate genes associated with feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI) in pigs based on a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of GWAS. The METAL software was used to implement the meta-analysis and the Bonferroni multiple testing correction considering a significance threshold of 0.05. The significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the meta-analysis were used to identify candidate genes, followed by a functional genomic enrichment analysis. The systematic review identified 13 studies, of which 7 evaluated FCR, 3 evaluated RFI, and 3 studies investigated both traits, with 160 and 96 SNPs identified for FCR and RFI, respectively. After the meta-analysis, 145 markers were significantly associated with FCR and 90 with RFI. The gene annotation process resulted in 105 and 114 genes for FCR and RFI, respectively. The enrichment analysis for FCR resulted in 16 significant gene ontology (GO) terms, while six terms were identified for RFI. The main GO terms were actin cytoskeleton (GO_BP:0030036), membrane (GO_CC:0016020), integral components of the peroxisomal membrane (GO_CC:0005779), and carbohydrate binding (GO_MF:0030246). The main candidate genes identified were MED18, PHACTR4, ABCC2, TRHDE, FRS2, FAR2 and FIS1 for FCR, and ADGRL2, ASGR1, ASGR2, and MAN2B1 for RFI. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the genetic mechanisms associated with feed efficiency traits in pigs, providing a foundation for future improvements in pig breeding programs.

{"title":"A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies to identify candidate genes associated with feed efficiency traits in pigs.","authors":"Maria Rita Gonçalves da Silva, Renata Veroneze, Daniele B D Marques, Delvan A da Silva, Inaê I Machado, Luiz F Brito, Paulo S Lopes","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf010","url":null,"abstract":"Pig production is an agricultural sector of great economic and social relevance to Brazil and global markets. Feed efficiency traits directly influence the sustainability of pig production due to the economic impact of feed costs on the production system and the environmental footprint of the industry. Therefore, breeding for improved feed efficiency has been a target of worldwide pig breeding programs. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) enable the assessment of the genetic background of complex traits, which contributes to a better understanding of the biological mechanisms regulating their phenotypic expression. In this context, the primary objective of this study was to identify and validate genomic regions and candidate genes associated with feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI) in pigs based on a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of GWAS. The METAL software was used to implement the meta-analysis and the Bonferroni multiple testing correction considering a significance threshold of 0.05. The significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the meta-analysis were used to identify candidate genes, followed by a functional genomic enrichment analysis. The systematic review identified 13 studies, of which 7 evaluated FCR, 3 evaluated RFI, and 3 studies investigated both traits, with 160 and 96 SNPs identified for FCR and RFI, respectively. After the meta-analysis, 145 markers were significantly associated with FCR and 90 with RFI. The gene annotation process resulted in 105 and 114 genes for FCR and RFI, respectively. The enrichment analysis for FCR resulted in 16 significant gene ontology (GO) terms, while six terms were identified for RFI. The main GO terms were actin cytoskeleton (GO_BP:0030036), membrane (GO_CC:0016020), integral components of the peroxisomal membrane (GO_CC:0005779), and carbohydrate binding (GO_MF:0030246). The main candidate genes identified were MED18, PHACTR4, ABCC2, TRHDE, FRS2, FAR2 and FIS1 for FCR, and ADGRL2, ASGR1, ASGR2, and MAN2B1 for RFI. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the genetic mechanisms associated with feed efficiency traits in pigs, providing a foundation for future improvements in pig breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces fermentation products impact performance and the fecal microbiome in weanling pigs inoculated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. 乳酸菌和酵母菌发酵产物对接种产肠毒素大肠杆菌的断奶仔猪生产性能和粪便微生物群有影响。

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of animal science

Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae394

Tanya Cherrington, David Jordan, John Pluske, Josie Mansfield, Kittitat Lugsomya, Stuart Wilkinson, David Cadogan, Sam Abraham, Mark O'Dea

Background: Enterotoxigenic F4 E. coli (F4-ETEC) pose an economic threat to the swine industry through reduced growth, increased mortality and morbidity, and increased costs associated with treatment. Prevention and treatment of F4-ETEC often relies on antimicrobials; however, due to the threat of antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial use is being minimized, and hence alternative control methods are needed. This study investigated the effects of postbiotics in the form of Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation products (LFP) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SFP), on pigs challenged with an F4 ETEC strain. Eighty pigs were selected based on a pre-screening F4-ETEC susceptibility test. The animals were divided into five treatments each with four replicate pens. Pigs were assigned to five different diets: a control diet (CON); CON diet with 3,000 ppm ZnO (ZnO); CON diet with 2,000 ppm LFP (LFP); CON diet with 2,000 ppm SFP (SFP); CON diet with both 2,000 ppm LFP and 2,000 ppm SFP (LAS). Pigs were inoculated per os with F4-ETEC twice, on day 0 and day1 of the experiment.

Results: No significant differences in fecal consistency scores or fecal F4-ETEC concentration in pigs supplemented with LFP and/or SFP were detected. An increased diversity and abundance of Lactobacillaceae in the fecal microbiome of pigs supplemented with LFP were detected, as well as an increased final liveweight of pigs supplemented with LFP and/or SFP.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the fecal microbiome is modified in F4-ETEC-challenged pigs supplemented with the combination of LFP and SFP, with these modifications previously associated with increased growth performance and health status in young pigs. Pigs receiving this combination of postbiotics also demonstrated an increased final liveweight, indicating that management of ETEC-associated performance loss may not require the complete removal of ETEC from a production system.

背景：产肠毒素的F4大肠杆菌（F4- etec）通过降低生长量、增加死亡率和发病率以及增加与治疗相关的费用，对养猪业构成经济威胁。F4-ETEC的预防和治疗往往依赖于抗微生物药物；然而，由于抗菌素耐药性的威胁，抗菌素的使用正在减少，因此需要其他控制方法。本研究研究了嗜酸乳杆菌发酵产物（LFP）和酿酒酵母发酵产物（SFP）形式的后生制剂对F4 ETEC攻毒猪的影响。根据预筛选F4-ETEC药敏试验选择80头猪。这些动物被分为五组，每组有四个重复的围栏。猪被分配5种不同的日粮：对照日粮（CON）；添加3000 ppm氧化锌（ZnO）的CON日粮；添加2000 ppm LFP （LFP）的CON日粮；CON饮食中添加2000 ppm的SFP (SFP)；同时添加2000 ppm的LFP和2000 ppm的SFP （LAS）。试验第0天和第1天，每头猪接种F4-ETEC 2次。结果：添加LFP和/或SFP的猪粪便一致性评分和粪便F4-ETEC浓度无显著差异。在添加了LFP的猪的粪便微生物组中检测到乳酸杆菌科的多样性和丰度增加，并且添加了LFP和/或SFP的猪的最终活重增加。结论：本研究表明，添加LFP和SFP的f4 - ecc挑战猪的粪便微生物组被改变，这些改变之前与仔猪生长性能和健康状况的提高有关。接受这种后生物制剂组合的猪也显示出最终活重的增加，这表明管理与ETEC相关的性能损失可能不需要从生产系统中完全去除ETEC。

{"title":"Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces fermentation products impact performance and the fecal microbiome in weanling pigs inoculated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.","authors":"Tanya Cherrington, David Jordan, John Pluske, Josie Mansfield, Kittitat Lugsomya, Stuart Wilkinson, David Cadogan, Sam Abraham, Mark O'Dea","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae394","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Enterotoxigenic F4 E. coli (F4-ETEC) pose an economic threat to the swine industry through reduced growth, increased mortality and morbidity, and increased costs associated with treatment. Prevention and treatment of F4-ETEC often relies on antimicrobials; however, due to the threat of antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial use is being minimized, and hence alternative control methods are needed. This study investigated the effects of postbiotics in the form of Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation products (LFP) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SFP), on pigs challenged with an F4 ETEC strain. Eighty pigs were selected based on a pre-screening F4-ETEC susceptibility test. The animals were divided into five treatments each with four replicate pens. Pigs were assigned to five different diets: a control diet (CON); CON diet with 3,000 ppm ZnO (ZnO); CON diet with 2,000 ppm LFP (LFP); CON diet with 2,000 ppm SFP (SFP); CON diet with both 2,000 ppm LFP and 2,000 ppm SFP (LAS). Pigs were inoculated per os with F4-ETEC twice, on day 0 and day1 of the experiment.Results: No significant differences in fecal consistency scores or fecal F4-ETEC concentration in pigs supplemented with LFP and/or SFP were detected. An increased diversity and abundance of Lactobacillaceae in the fecal microbiome of pigs supplemented with LFP were detected, as well as an increased final liveweight of pigs supplemented with LFP and/or SFP.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the fecal microbiome is modified in F4-ETEC-challenged pigs supplemented with the combination of LFP and SFP, with these modifications previously associated with increased growth performance and health status in young pigs. Pigs receiving this combination of postbiotics also demonstrated an increased final liveweight, indicating that management of ETEC-associated performance loss may not require the complete removal of ETEC from a production system.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dietary inclusion of high Amylose cornstarch increased Lactobacillus and Terrisporobacter and decreased Streptococcus in the cecal digesta of weanling pigs 饲粮中添加高直链玉米淀粉增加了断奶仔猪盲肠食糜中的乳酸杆菌和肉杆菌，减少了链球菌

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of animal science

Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaf008

Michael O Wellington, Seidu Adams, Jung W Lee, Atta K Agyekum, Tofuko A Woyengo

The study investigated the effect of dietary inclusion of high amylose cornstarch (HA-starch) on cecal microbiota composition and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in weanling pigs fed high levels of cold-pressed canola cake (CPCC). Weaned pigs (240 mixed sex; 7.1 ± 1.2 kg) were housed in 40 pens (6 pigs/pen) and fed a common commercial diet for 7 days, followed by the experimental diets for 28-d, which contained either 0% or 40% CPCC with either 0% or 40% HA-starch. At the end of the study, one pig from each pen (n=8) was selected and euthanized to collect cecal digesta for microbial and VFA composition analyses. The HA-starch increased (p < 0.001) acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations, thereby increasing total VFA concentration (p < 0.001). There was a tendency for cecal butyrate and total VFA concentrations to decrease when pigs were fed the 40% CPCC diet without HA-starch but increase when fed the 40% CPCC diet containing 40% HA-starch (CPCC × HA-starch effect; p = 0.09), indicating HA-starch can increase cecal butyrate and total VFA concentrations in pigs fed a diet with high CPCC level. The proportions of Lactobacillus and Terrisporobacter were high, whereas low proportions of Streptococcus genus were observed in the cecal microbiota of pigs fed diets containing 40% HA-starch. Also, pathways consistent with carbohydrate digestion, absorption, and phosphate metabolism were enriched in pigs when the diet included 40% HA-starch. In summary, incorporating high amounts of HA-starch in a weanling pig diet containing high levels of CPCC may benefit intestinal health and digestive performance by enhancing the abundance of probiotic commensal bacteria, contributing to increased enzymatic activity and carbohydrate metabolism.

本试验研究了饲粮中添加高直链玉米淀粉（HA-starch）对饲粮高水平冷榨油菜籽饼（CPCC）断奶仔猪盲肠菌群组成和挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）浓度的影响。断奶猪(240头混合性；平均体重7.1±1.2 kg)，分40个栏（6头/栏）饲养，先饲喂普通商品饲粮7 d，再饲喂添加0%或40% CPCC和0%或40% HA-starch的试验饲粮28 d。在研究结束时，从每个猪圈中选择1头猪（n=8）进行安乐死，收集盲肠食糜进行微生物和VFA组成分析。ha -淀粉增加(p <；0.001)醋酸盐、丙酸盐和丁酸盐浓度，从而增加总VFA浓度(p <；0.001)。饲喂不含ha -淀粉的40% CPCC组盲肠丁酸盐和总VFA浓度有降低的趋势，饲喂含40% ha -淀粉的40% CPCC组盲肠丁酸盐和总VFA浓度有升高的趋势(CPCC × ha -淀粉效应；p = 0.09)，说明ha -淀粉能提高饲粮高CPCC水平猪盲肠丁酸盐和总VFA浓度。在饲粮中添加40% HA-starch的猪盲肠菌群中，乳酸杆菌和terrrisporobacter的比例较高，链球菌属的比例较低。此外，当饲粮中含有40% ha -淀粉时，与碳水化合物消化、吸收和磷酸盐代谢相一致的途径在猪体内得到了丰富。综上所述，在含有高水平CPCC的断奶猪饲粮中添加大量ha -淀粉，可以通过提高益生菌共生菌的丰度，促进酶活性和碳水化合物代谢，从而有益于肠道健康和消化性能。

{"title":"Dietary inclusion of high Amylose cornstarch increased Lactobacillus and Terrisporobacter and decreased Streptococcus in the cecal digesta of weanling pigs","authors":"Michael O Wellington, Seidu Adams, Jung W Lee, Atta K Agyekum, Tofuko A Woyengo","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf008","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the effect of dietary inclusion of high amylose cornstarch (HA-starch) on cecal microbiota composition and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in weanling pigs fed high levels of cold-pressed canola cake (CPCC). Weaned pigs (240 mixed sex; 7.1 ± 1.2 kg) were housed in 40 pens (6 pigs/pen) and fed a common commercial diet for 7 days, followed by the experimental diets for 28-d, which contained either 0% or 40% CPCC with either 0% or 40% HA-starch. At the end of the study, one pig from each pen (n=8) was selected and euthanized to collect cecal digesta for microbial and VFA composition analyses. The HA-starch increased (p &lt; 0.001) acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations, thereby increasing total VFA concentration (p &lt; 0.001). There was a tendency for cecal butyrate and total VFA concentrations to decrease when pigs were fed the 40% CPCC diet without HA-starch but increase when fed the 40% CPCC diet containing 40% HA-starch (CPCC × HA-starch effect; p = 0.09), indicating HA-starch can increase cecal butyrate and total VFA concentrations in pigs fed a diet with high CPCC level. The proportions of Lactobacillus and Terrisporobacter were high, whereas low proportions of Streptococcus genus were observed in the cecal microbiota of pigs fed diets containing 40% HA-starch. Also, pathways consistent with carbohydrate digestion, absorption, and phosphate metabolism were enriched in pigs when the diet included 40% HA-starch. In summary, incorporating high amounts of HA-starch in a weanling pig diet containing high levels of CPCC may benefit intestinal health and digestive performance by enhancing the abundance of probiotic commensal bacteria, contributing to increased enzymatic activity and carbohydrate metabolism.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0