Katherine D Arias, Iván Fernández, Juan Pablo Gutiérrez, Riccardo Bozzi, Isabel Álvarez, Félix Goyache
Contributions to gene diversity and allelic richness were computed in a total of 2,260 domestic pig genotypes, sharing 53,626 autosomal SNPs, belonging to 98 pig subpopulations worldwide (41 Asian, 696 genotypes; 20 American, 262 genotypes; and 37 European, 686 genotypes), using 616 pig samples belonging to six different Cosmopolitan pig breeds as an outgroup, to ascertain if local pig subpopulation can be considered reservoirs of genetic diversity for the whole domestic pig species worldwide. Assessments were carried out for the whole dataset and separately for the American-European and Asian subsets. Effective population size was computed at the subpopulation level using molecular coancestry and linkage disequilibrium information to ensure that estimates of contributions to diversity were not affected by demographic issues. Most American and European pig subpopulations tended to have favorable contributions to both gene diversity and allelic richness. However, contributions to allelic richness were more consistent than those obtained for gene diversity, whether the computations are performed using either the whole dataset or the American-Asian subset, suggesting that allelic richness can be a key parameter to identify putative reservoirs for the species. The Asian pig subpopulations never contributed favorably to the allelic richness of the domestic pig metapopulation. Although these results can partially be explained by the highly divergent origins of the American-European and the Asian pig subpopulations, it cannot be discarded that the results obtained for the Asian subpopulations are biased due to a worse calling performance of the pig SNP arrays used for genotyping. The use of other potentially less biased sources of genotypic information is advisable to compare the Asian and American-European pig subpopulations genetic diversity.
{"title":"Characterizing local pig breeds as reservoirs for the domestic pig genetic variability worldwide via contributions to gene diversity and allelic richness","authors":"Katherine D Arias, Iván Fernández, Juan Pablo Gutiérrez, Riccardo Bozzi, Isabel Álvarez, Félix Goyache","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae329","url":null,"abstract":"Contributions to gene diversity and allelic richness were computed in a total of 2,260 domestic pig genotypes, sharing 53,626 autosomal SNPs, belonging to 98 pig subpopulations worldwide (41 Asian, 696 genotypes; 20 American, 262 genotypes; and 37 European, 686 genotypes), using 616 pig samples belonging to six different Cosmopolitan pig breeds as an outgroup, to ascertain if local pig subpopulation can be considered reservoirs of genetic diversity for the whole domestic pig species worldwide. Assessments were carried out for the whole dataset and separately for the American-European and Asian subsets. Effective population size was computed at the subpopulation level using molecular coancestry and linkage disequilibrium information to ensure that estimates of contributions to diversity were not affected by demographic issues. Most American and European pig subpopulations tended to have favorable contributions to both gene diversity and allelic richness. However, contributions to allelic richness were more consistent than those obtained for gene diversity, whether the computations are performed using either the whole dataset or the American-Asian subset, suggesting that allelic richness can be a key parameter to identify putative reservoirs for the species. The Asian pig subpopulations never contributed favorably to the allelic richness of the domestic pig metapopulation. Although these results can partially be explained by the highly divergent origins of the American-European and the Asian pig subpopulations, it cannot be discarded that the results obtained for the Asian subpopulations are biased due to a worse calling performance of the pig SNP arrays used for genotyping. The use of other potentially less biased sources of genotypic information is advisable to compare the Asian and American-European pig subpopulations genetic diversity.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142490784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomasi Tusingwiire, Carolina Garcia-Baccino, Céline Carillier, Bruno Ligonesche, Catherine Larzul, Zulma G Vitezica
In pig breeding, environmental challenges can affect the welfare and productivity of animals. Resilient animals have the capacity to be minimally affected by these environmental challenges. Understanding the genetic basis of sensitivity to these environmental challenges is crucial for selecting more resilient animals, thereby enhancing welfare and productivity. The aims of this study were to: (1) estimate the probability of the occurrence of an unrecorded environmental challenge at a given day using daily feed intake (DFI) data, and (2) evaluate the genetic determinism of environmental sensitivity in three pig lines bred in real selection conditions. Data comprised of 100,799, 186,247, and 304,826 DFI records from 1,618, 2,517, and 3,788 Landrace (LA), Large White (LW) and Piétrain (PI) male pigs, respectively. The pedigree included 3,730, 5,649, and 9,293 animals for LA, LW, and PI, respectively. The probabilities of the occurrence of an unrecorded environmental challenge at a given day were estimated via a mixture model. The probabilities (p) of being “high CV days” were then taken as reference and used in genetic analysis as an environmental descriptor to describe the environment. DFI records were analysed using two linear models: a linear reaction norm animal model (RNAM) and the animal model. (Co)variance components were estimated using average-information restricted maximum likelihood (AI-REML). The means of the probabilities of the occurrence of an environmental challenge for LA, LW, and PI were 0.24, 0.10, and 0.22, respectively, indicating that the probability of an environmental challenge was low for most of the days. The genetic correlations between the intercept and the slope obtained from the RNAM for LA, LW, PI were -0.52, 0.06, and -0.36, respectively. These findings suggest that selecting hypothetically for decreased DFI in non-stressful conditions would result in pigs with increased DFI in stressful conditions in the LA and PI lines, whereas it would have a minor impact on the environmental sensitivity of LW. The proportion of resilient animals for LA, LW, and PI was 75.0, 74.2, and 72.2%, respectively, implying that most of the animals were resilient. The study demonstrated that the slope of DFI is heritable and can effectively be used as an indicator of sensitivity to environmental challenges. These results are valuable in improving the resilience of livestock species to environmental challenges through genetic selection.
{"title":"Genetic determinism of sensitivity to environmental challenges using daily feed intake records in three lines of pigs","authors":"Tomasi Tusingwiire, Carolina Garcia-Baccino, Céline Carillier, Bruno Ligonesche, Catherine Larzul, Zulma G Vitezica","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae330","url":null,"abstract":"In pig breeding, environmental challenges can affect the welfare and productivity of animals. Resilient animals have the capacity to be minimally affected by these environmental challenges. Understanding the genetic basis of sensitivity to these environmental challenges is crucial for selecting more resilient animals, thereby enhancing welfare and productivity. The aims of this study were to: (1) estimate the probability of the occurrence of an unrecorded environmental challenge at a given day using daily feed intake (DFI) data, and (2) evaluate the genetic determinism of environmental sensitivity in three pig lines bred in real selection conditions. Data comprised of 100,799, 186,247, and 304,826 DFI records from 1,618, 2,517, and 3,788 Landrace (LA), Large White (LW) and Piétrain (PI) male pigs, respectively. The pedigree included 3,730, 5,649, and 9,293 animals for LA, LW, and PI, respectively. The probabilities of the occurrence of an unrecorded environmental challenge at a given day were estimated via a mixture model. The probabilities (p) of being “high CV days” were then taken as reference and used in genetic analysis as an environmental descriptor to describe the environment. DFI records were analysed using two linear models: a linear reaction norm animal model (RNAM) and the animal model. (Co)variance components were estimated using average-information restricted maximum likelihood (AI-REML). The means of the probabilities of the occurrence of an environmental challenge for LA, LW, and PI were 0.24, 0.10, and 0.22, respectively, indicating that the probability of an environmental challenge was low for most of the days. The genetic correlations between the intercept and the slope obtained from the RNAM for LA, LW, PI were -0.52, 0.06, and -0.36, respectively. These findings suggest that selecting hypothetically for decreased DFI in non-stressful conditions would result in pigs with increased DFI in stressful conditions in the LA and PI lines, whereas it would have a minor impact on the environmental sensitivity of LW. The proportion of resilient animals for LA, LW, and PI was 75.0, 74.2, and 72.2%, respectively, implying that most of the animals were resilient. The study demonstrated that the slope of DFI is heritable and can effectively be used as an indicator of sensitivity to environmental challenges. These results are valuable in improving the resilience of livestock species to environmental challenges through genetic selection.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142490786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmadreza Mirzaei, Maria C Londoño-Mendez, Sergio Lasso-Ramirez, Paul E Adams, Zachary K Seekford, John J Bromfield, Daniella Heredia, Nicolas Di Lorenzo, Ricardo C Chebel, Angela M Gonella-Diaza
This study aimed to evaluate embryo yield in Holstein heifers superovulated with a single injection of recombinant, long-acting human follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH) versus multiple injections of pituitary-derived follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). In Experiment 1, heifers were assigned randomly to one of 4 experimental groups: Control (280 mg of pituitary derived FSH; six injections of 40 mg and two injections of 20 mg, each ~12 h apart, n = 16); rFSH1 (50 μg of FSH analog protein, n = 16); rFSH2 (75 μg of FSH analog protein, n = 16) or; rFSH3 (100 μg of FSH analog protein, n = 16). The rFSH was administered as a single injection. Estrous cycles were presynchronized with gonadorelin acetate (GnRH) and an intra-vaginal progesterone insert (CIDR) on d -8, followed by cloprostenol sodium (PGF2α) on d -3 and d -2 with removal of the CIDR, and GnRH on d 0. On d 5, ovarian follicles ≥ 5 mm in diameter were ablated by transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration. On d 6.5, heifers received a CIDR and the rFSH or the first injection of pituitary-derived FSH. On d 9, heifers received two injections of PGF2α, 12 h apart. On d 10.5, the CIDR was removed, and on d 11, heifers received a GnRH injection. Heifers were AI-inseminated 12- and 24-hours post-GnRH injection, and uterine contents were flushed trans-cervically on day 18 (7 d after the GnRH injection). Ovarian follicles ≥ 5 mm and corpora lutea were counted via ultrasound on days 5, 9, and 18. In Experiment 1, group did not affect (P = 0.52) the number of follicles ≥ 5 mm (Control = 15.9 ± 1.2; rFSH1 = 17.5 ± 1.3; rFSH2 = 17.1 ± 1.3; rFHS 3 = 18.6 ± 1.4 follicles) or the number of corpora lutea (P = 0.96) on d 9 (Control = 1.1 ± 0.3; rFSH1 = 1.1 ± 0.3; rFSH2 = 1.1 ± 0.3; rFSH3 = 0.9 ± 0.2). Furthermore, there was no effect (P = 0.28) of rFSH dose on freezable embryos (grade 1 and 2 embryos) collected on d 18 (Control = 4.7 ± 1.1; rFSH1 = 4.7 ± 1.2; rFSH2 = 4.4 ± 1.1; rFSH3 = 2.6 ± 0.7 embryos). In Experiment 2, Control (n=8) and rFSH1 (n=16) groups were repeated in 3 replicates using the same protocols as Experiment 1. Consequently, Results showed that rFSH produced fewer total number of ova/embryos (Control = 9.9 ± 1.5 vs. rFHS1 = 5.9 ± 0.9, P = 0.04) and fewer freezable embryos (Control = 5.3 ± 1.0 vs. rFSH1 = 1.4 ± 0.3, P < 0.01). In conclusion, the single rFSH injection effectively induced superovulation; however, its repeated use reduced embryo production.
{"title":"Embryo production by Holstein heifers superovulated with a recombinant long-acting follicle stimulating hormone analog","authors":"Ahmadreza Mirzaei, Maria C Londoño-Mendez, Sergio Lasso-Ramirez, Paul E Adams, Zachary K Seekford, John J Bromfield, Daniella Heredia, Nicolas Di Lorenzo, Ricardo C Chebel, Angela M Gonella-Diaza","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae326","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate embryo yield in Holstein heifers superovulated with a single injection of recombinant, long-acting human follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH) versus multiple injections of pituitary-derived follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). In Experiment 1, heifers were assigned randomly to one of 4 experimental groups: Control (280 mg of pituitary derived FSH; six injections of 40 mg and two injections of 20 mg, each ~12 h apart, n = 16); rFSH1 (50 μg of FSH analog protein, n = 16); rFSH2 (75 μg of FSH analog protein, n = 16) or; rFSH3 (100 μg of FSH analog protein, n = 16). The rFSH was administered as a single injection. Estrous cycles were presynchronized with gonadorelin acetate (GnRH) and an intra-vaginal progesterone insert (CIDR) on d -8, followed by cloprostenol sodium (PGF2α) on d -3 and d -2 with removal of the CIDR, and GnRH on d 0. On d 5, ovarian follicles ≥ 5 mm in diameter were ablated by transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration. On d 6.5, heifers received a CIDR and the rFSH or the first injection of pituitary-derived FSH. On d 9, heifers received two injections of PGF2α, 12 h apart. On d 10.5, the CIDR was removed, and on d 11, heifers received a GnRH injection. Heifers were AI-inseminated 12- and 24-hours post-GnRH injection, and uterine contents were flushed trans-cervically on day 18 (7 d after the GnRH injection). Ovarian follicles ≥ 5 mm and corpora lutea were counted via ultrasound on days 5, 9, and 18. In Experiment 1, group did not affect (P = 0.52) the number of follicles ≥ 5 mm (Control = 15.9 ± 1.2; rFSH1 = 17.5 ± 1.3; rFSH2 = 17.1 ± 1.3; rFHS 3 = 18.6 ± 1.4 follicles) or the number of corpora lutea (P = 0.96) on d 9 (Control = 1.1 ± 0.3; rFSH1 = 1.1 ± 0.3; rFSH2 = 1.1 ± 0.3; rFSH3 = 0.9 ± 0.2). Furthermore, there was no effect (P = 0.28) of rFSH dose on freezable embryos (grade 1 and 2 embryos) collected on d 18 (Control = 4.7 ± 1.1; rFSH1 = 4.7 ± 1.2; rFSH2 = 4.4 ± 1.1; rFSH3 = 2.6 ± 0.7 embryos). In Experiment 2, Control (n=8) and rFSH1 (n=16) groups were repeated in 3 replicates using the same protocols as Experiment 1. Consequently, Results showed that rFSH produced fewer total number of ova/embryos (Control = 9.9 ± 1.5 vs. rFHS1 = 5.9 ± 0.9, P = 0.04) and fewer freezable embryos (Control = 5.3 ± 1.0 vs. rFSH1 = 1.4 ± 0.3, P &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, the single rFSH injection effectively induced superovulation; however, its repeated use reduced embryo production.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T Takahashi, K Kidachi, M Yukawa, Hachinohe, Y Takashima, M Fujimura, A Saito, D Soga, C Ota, E Niizuma, K Sato, H Ogasawara, Y Kurose
Growth hormone (GH) is an essential factor in enhancing the productivity of animals. In ruminants, L-aspartate (L-Asp) stimulates the secretion of GH; however, the effect of D-Asp on GH remains unknown. Here, we examined the effect of D-Asp on GH secretion in wethers. Blood GH, insulin, adrenaline, noradrenaline, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), and glucose concentrations were evaluated in response to the intravenous infusion of a high-dose (0.1 mmol/kg/min) of D-Asp for 20 min. Further, concentrations of these biomolecules were evaluated when a low-dose (0.05 mmol/kg/min) of D-Asp was continuously infused intravenously for 20 min. Finally, the direct effect of D-Asp on GH secretion was determined using cultured sections of the anterior pituitary tissue from wethers. Infusion of the high-dose of D-Asp markedly increased blood GH concentrations (P < 0.05), resulting in an increase in the area under the curve (AUC). Plasma GH concentrations and AUC also increased in response to infusion of a low D-Asp dose. Infusion of a high and low D-Asp dose caused a prolonged reduction in plasma insulin concentrations, and the AUC was lower (P < 0.05). Plasma NEFA concentrations gradually increased after the end of D-Asp infusion, with a low D-Asp dose infusion resulting in significantly higher concentrations at 90 min (P < 0.05). Plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline, and glucose concentrations did not show significant changes despite differences in the dose of D-Asp. Although D-Asp treatments stimulated GH secretion in the cultured sections of pituitary tissues, the effect was not significant. These results suggest that D-Asp stimulates the secretion of GH in wethers through not only a direct action on the pituitary gland but also through another pathway of GH stimulation.
{"title":"D-Aspartate Stimulates Growth Hormone Secretion in Wethers.","authors":"T Takahashi, K Kidachi, M Yukawa, Hachinohe, Y Takashima, M Fujimura, A Saito, D Soga, C Ota, E Niizuma, K Sato, H Ogasawara, Y Kurose","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Growth hormone (GH) is an essential factor in enhancing the productivity of animals. In ruminants, L-aspartate (L-Asp) stimulates the secretion of GH; however, the effect of D-Asp on GH remains unknown. Here, we examined the effect of D-Asp on GH secretion in wethers. Blood GH, insulin, adrenaline, noradrenaline, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), and glucose concentrations were evaluated in response to the intravenous infusion of a high-dose (0.1 mmol/kg/min) of D-Asp for 20 min. Further, concentrations of these biomolecules were evaluated when a low-dose (0.05 mmol/kg/min) of D-Asp was continuously infused intravenously for 20 min. Finally, the direct effect of D-Asp on GH secretion was determined using cultured sections of the anterior pituitary tissue from wethers. Infusion of the high-dose of D-Asp markedly increased blood GH concentrations (P < 0.05), resulting in an increase in the area under the curve (AUC). Plasma GH concentrations and AUC also increased in response to infusion of a low D-Asp dose. Infusion of a high and low D-Asp dose caused a prolonged reduction in plasma insulin concentrations, and the AUC was lower (P < 0.05). Plasma NEFA concentrations gradually increased after the end of D-Asp infusion, with a low D-Asp dose infusion resulting in significantly higher concentrations at 90 min (P < 0.05). Plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline, and glucose concentrations did not show significant changes despite differences in the dose of D-Asp. Although D-Asp treatments stimulated GH secretion in the cultured sections of pituitary tissues, the effect was not significant. These results suggest that D-Asp stimulates the secretion of GH in wethers through not only a direct action on the pituitary gland but also through another pathway of GH stimulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142465958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas S Bruun,Søren K Jensen,Torben Larsen,Mai Britt F Nielsen,Laurent Roger,Takele Feyera
This study investigated the impact of calcium (Ca) and vitamin D supplements on bone metabolism, bone measurement, lameness, and selection rate in gilts fed five dietary treatments. Two Ca levels (6.85/6.42 [adequate; ACa] or 8.99/8.56 [high; HCa] g/kg) were combined with either 856 IU/kg vitamin D3 (Danish feeding standards; adequate; AD3) or 50 μg/kg 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (high; HHyD) to create ACaAD3, HCaAD3, ACaHHyD, and HCaHHyD diets. The values 6.85/6.42 and 8.99/8.56 g/kg correspond to adequate and high Ca supply for gilts weighing 32 to 100 and 100 to 180 kg body weight (BW), respectively. The fifth diet was a combination of HCa and 2,000 IU/kg vitamin D3 (high; HD3) to create HCaHD3. Two hundred gilts were phase fed the dietary treatments from 32 to 100 and 100 to 180 kg BW until they were slaughtered, either at 100 or 180 kg BW. The gilts were weighed fortnightly, and plasma and urine samples were collected at 100 and 180 kg BW. At slaughter, the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones were collected for bone parameters measurements. Lameness and selection rate were assessed within the last 7 d at 100 and 180 kg BW. Dietary treatments did not affect gilts' growth performance and plasma concentration of Ca, but urinary concentration of Ca was greater in HCa-supplemented gilts at both 100 (P = 0.003) and 180 (P = 0.05) kg BW. Plasma concentration of vitamin D3 (P < 0.001) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (P < 0.001) showed dose-dependent responses at both 100 and 180 kg BW. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was greater (P = 0.02) in the plasma sample collected at 180 kg BW in gilts fed the HCaHD3 diet and tended to be greater in gilts fed the ACaAD3 diet (P = 0.06). The bone ash content (P = 0.02) was greater in gilts fed the HCaAD3 diet and slaughtered at 100 kg BW compared with gilts fed the ACaAD3 and ACaHHyD diets. However, bone weight, length, thickness, dry matter, and mineral content did not differ among the dietary treatments at both 100 and 180 kg BW (P > 0.05). Neither lameness nor selection rate was affected by the dietary treatments. The average daily gain of gilts weighing 32 to 100 and 100 to 180 kg BW showed a positive correlation with bone strength (r = 0.37; P < 0.001) and bone ash content (r = 0.24; P = 0.02), respectively. In conclusion, higher Ca and vitamin D3 supplementation slightly increased bone ash content but had no effect on lameness or selection rate of the gilts compared to those fed according to the Danish nutrient standards.
{"title":"Effect of dietary calcium and vitamin D supplements on plasma bone turnover biomarkers, bone mineralization, bone strength, and lameness score in gilts.","authors":"Thomas S Bruun,Søren K Jensen,Torben Larsen,Mai Britt F Nielsen,Laurent Roger,Takele Feyera","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae310","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the impact of calcium (Ca) and vitamin D supplements on bone metabolism, bone measurement, lameness, and selection rate in gilts fed five dietary treatments. Two Ca levels (6.85/6.42 [adequate; ACa] or 8.99/8.56 [high; HCa] g/kg) were combined with either 856 IU/kg vitamin D3 (Danish feeding standards; adequate; AD3) or 50 μg/kg 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (high; HHyD) to create ACaAD3, HCaAD3, ACaHHyD, and HCaHHyD diets. The values 6.85/6.42 and 8.99/8.56 g/kg correspond to adequate and high Ca supply for gilts weighing 32 to 100 and 100 to 180 kg body weight (BW), respectively. The fifth diet was a combination of HCa and 2,000 IU/kg vitamin D3 (high; HD3) to create HCaHD3. Two hundred gilts were phase fed the dietary treatments from 32 to 100 and 100 to 180 kg BW until they were slaughtered, either at 100 or 180 kg BW. The gilts were weighed fortnightly, and plasma and urine samples were collected at 100 and 180 kg BW. At slaughter, the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones were collected for bone parameters measurements. Lameness and selection rate were assessed within the last 7 d at 100 and 180 kg BW. Dietary treatments did not affect gilts' growth performance and plasma concentration of Ca, but urinary concentration of Ca was greater in HCa-supplemented gilts at both 100 (P = 0.003) and 180 (P = 0.05) kg BW. Plasma concentration of vitamin D3 (P < 0.001) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (P < 0.001) showed dose-dependent responses at both 100 and 180 kg BW. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was greater (P = 0.02) in the plasma sample collected at 180 kg BW in gilts fed the HCaHD3 diet and tended to be greater in gilts fed the ACaAD3 diet (P = 0.06). The bone ash content (P = 0.02) was greater in gilts fed the HCaAD3 diet and slaughtered at 100 kg BW compared with gilts fed the ACaAD3 and ACaHHyD diets. However, bone weight, length, thickness, dry matter, and mineral content did not differ among the dietary treatments at both 100 and 180 kg BW (P > 0.05). Neither lameness nor selection rate was affected by the dietary treatments. The average daily gain of gilts weighing 32 to 100 and 100 to 180 kg BW showed a positive correlation with bone strength (r = 0.37; P < 0.001) and bone ash content (r = 0.24; P = 0.02), respectively. In conclusion, higher Ca and vitamin D3 supplementation slightly increased bone ash content but had no effect on lameness or selection rate of the gilts compared to those fed according to the Danish nutrient standards.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142439454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryan J Batley,Eliéder P Romanzini,Kawane D da Silva,William L de Souza,Simon P Quigley,Karen J Harper,Mark G Trotter,Priscila A Bernardes,Mani Naiker,Diogo A F Costa
Two experiments were conducted to determine the potential for the essential oil blend Agolin Ruminant L (Agolin) to reduce enteric methane (CH4) emissions from beef cattle when delivered via the drinking water. Experiment 1 evaluated aqueous solutions of Agolin (50 mg/L) and a non-protein nitrogen and mineral solution (uPRO ORANGE [uPRO]; 1.7 mL/L) individually and in combination, where Agolin was added to concentrated uPRO at 3, 4.5, 6% Agolin (w/w) prior to dilution with water at 1.7 mL/L, for a total of five treatments. These were incubated for 48 h with a medium-quality Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay substrate, with gas production, CH4 concentration in gas, and digestibility measured in vitro. In Exp. 2, Droughtmaster steers (n = 24) were fed a basal diet of Rhodes grass hay and were allocated to one of three water treatments (n = 8/treatment) supplemented with either uPRO (2.27 mL uPRO/L water), or one of two inclusion rates of Agolin in combination with uPRO (2.27 mL uPRO and 6 µL Agolin/L water or 2.27 mL uPRO and 24 µL Agolin/L water) with enteric CH4 emissions, feed and water intake, and live weight gain (LWG) measured over 56 d. In Exp. 1, the inclusion of Agolin in uPRO at 6% w/w resulted in a reduction in CH4 production (15.8%; P = 0.003) and the proportion of CH4 in the gas produced (24.5%; P < 0.001). In Exp. 2, steers consuming the lower quantity of Agolin via drinking water had a 16.4% (P = 0.0027) reduction in CH4 production over the experiment, declining from 140 g/d during week 1 to 117 g/d in week 8. This inclusion rate of Agolin in the drinking water also resulted in a 25 g (17.6%) CH4/d decrease in emissions by steers compared to control steers (P = 0.0205). However, no significant differences in CH4 yield (g CH4/kg dry matter intake), or CH4 intensity (g CH4/kg LWG) by steers was observed between treatments. These results demonstrate that Agolin reduces CH4 emissions when mixed in aqueous solution under in vitro and in vivo conditions, providing a potential method to reduce enteric CH4 emissions from cattle in extensive production systems.
{"title":"The essential oil blend Agolin Ruminant L reduces methane production in vitro and in vivo when included in the drinking water of cattle.","authors":"Ryan J Batley,Eliéder P Romanzini,Kawane D da Silva,William L de Souza,Simon P Quigley,Karen J Harper,Mark G Trotter,Priscila A Bernardes,Mani Naiker,Diogo A F Costa","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae315","url":null,"abstract":"Two experiments were conducted to determine the potential for the essential oil blend Agolin Ruminant L (Agolin) to reduce enteric methane (CH4) emissions from beef cattle when delivered via the drinking water. Experiment 1 evaluated aqueous solutions of Agolin (50 mg/L) and a non-protein nitrogen and mineral solution (uPRO ORANGE [uPRO]; 1.7 mL/L) individually and in combination, where Agolin was added to concentrated uPRO at 3, 4.5, 6% Agolin (w/w) prior to dilution with water at 1.7 mL/L, for a total of five treatments. These were incubated for 48 h with a medium-quality Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay substrate, with gas production, CH4 concentration in gas, and digestibility measured in vitro. In Exp. 2, Droughtmaster steers (n = 24) were fed a basal diet of Rhodes grass hay and were allocated to one of three water treatments (n = 8/treatment) supplemented with either uPRO (2.27 mL uPRO/L water), or one of two inclusion rates of Agolin in combination with uPRO (2.27 mL uPRO and 6 µL Agolin/L water or 2.27 mL uPRO and 24 µL Agolin/L water) with enteric CH4 emissions, feed and water intake, and live weight gain (LWG) measured over 56 d. In Exp. 1, the inclusion of Agolin in uPRO at 6% w/w resulted in a reduction in CH4 production (15.8%; P = 0.003) and the proportion of CH4 in the gas produced (24.5%; P < 0.001). In Exp. 2, steers consuming the lower quantity of Agolin via drinking water had a 16.4% (P = 0.0027) reduction in CH4 production over the experiment, declining from 140 g/d during week 1 to 117 g/d in week 8. This inclusion rate of Agolin in the drinking water also resulted in a 25 g (17.6%) CH4/d decrease in emissions by steers compared to control steers (P = 0.0205). However, no significant differences in CH4 yield (g CH4/kg dry matter intake), or CH4 intensity (g CH4/kg LWG) by steers was observed between treatments. These results demonstrate that Agolin reduces CH4 emissions when mixed in aqueous solution under in vitro and in vivo conditions, providing a potential method to reduce enteric CH4 emissions from cattle in extensive production systems.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142439277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we investigated the effects of transplanting Ningxiang pig fecal bacteria on ileum microflora and intestinal barrier of Duroc × Landrace × Large White (DLY) pigs. Thirty-two DLY pigs at 90-d-old were equally assigned to either control groups (fed the basal diet) or test group (fed the basal diet + 10ml fecal microbiota suspension from Ningxiang pig). Results showed that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) did not influence the growth performance, but increased the number of ileum goblet cells and the expression level of mucin-2. Additionally, the mucosal levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines interlukin-4 and interlukin-10 were upregulated, but the level of pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-γ was downregulated by FMT. Moreover, FMT increased the expression level of porcine β defensin-114 in ileum mucus. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of ileal digesta showed that FMT modulated the diversity and composition of ileal microbiota of DLY pigs by increasing the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria, while decreasing the abundance of the pathogenic bacterium Streptococcus. Taken together, the study showed that FMT of Ningxiang pigs could improve intestinal barrier condition of DLY pigs by improving intestinal microflora and promoting intestinal health.
{"title":"Transplantation of fecal microbiota from different breed improved intestinal barrier condition and modulated ileal microflora of recipient pigs.","authors":"Tong Yang,Yang Liu,Jie Yin,Yv Tian,Feng Zhou,Yinghui Li,Lingyuan Yang,Li Han,Xingguo Huang","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae314","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we investigated the effects of transplanting Ningxiang pig fecal bacteria on ileum microflora and intestinal barrier of Duroc × Landrace × Large White (DLY) pigs. Thirty-two DLY pigs at 90-d-old were equally assigned to either control groups (fed the basal diet) or test group (fed the basal diet + 10ml fecal microbiota suspension from Ningxiang pig). Results showed that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) did not influence the growth performance, but increased the number of ileum goblet cells and the expression level of mucin-2. Additionally, the mucosal levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines interlukin-4 and interlukin-10 were upregulated, but the level of pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-γ was downregulated by FMT. Moreover, FMT increased the expression level of porcine β defensin-114 in ileum mucus. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of ileal digesta showed that FMT modulated the diversity and composition of ileal microbiota of DLY pigs by increasing the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria, while decreasing the abundance of the pathogenic bacterium Streptococcus. Taken together, the study showed that FMT of Ningxiang pigs could improve intestinal barrier condition of DLY pigs by improving intestinal microflora and promoting intestinal health.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142436216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Golam K Mia, Emma Hawley, Mustapha Yusuf, Samat Amat, Alison K Ward, Wanda L Keller, Glenn Dorsam, Kendall C Swanson
This study assessed the impact of administering vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) on inflammation and intestinal VIP and tight junction mRNA expression in lambs fed grain-based finishing diets. Sixteen wether lambs (69.6 ± 1.9 kg) were individually housed, adapted to a corn-based diet containing no forage, and randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups. Lambs were intraperitoneally injected every other day for 28 d with either saline (0.9% NaCl) with no VIP (n = 8; control) or saline with VIP (n = 8; 1.3 nmol/kg BW). Blood samples were collected weekly for analysis of cytokine concentrations, and on day 0 and 28 for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and LPS binding protein (LBP) concentrations. Upon completion of the treatment period, lambs were euthanized and gastrointestinal tissues, including rumen, jejunum, cecum, and colon samples, collected for analysis of the expression of tight junction mRNA (claudin-1, claudin-4, occludin, and ZO-1), endogenous VIP, and VIP receptor (VPAC-1). No treatment effects (P ≥ 0.38) were observed for VIP and VPAC-1 mRNA expression in colon. Supplementation with VIP did not influence (P ≥ 0.28) the expression of claudin-1, claudin-4, occludin, and ZO-1 tight junction mRNA in the rumen, jejunum, cecum, and colon. Lambs treated with VIP had greater (P ≤ 0.01) plasma concentrations of the anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and IL-36RA. There were treatment by day interactions observed (P ≤ 0.02) for concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines, MIP-1α and MIP-1β. Lambs that did not receive VIP had greater serum concentrations of LPS (P = 0.05) than the lambs receiving VIP. These data suggest that VIP administration may not influence tight junction mRNA expression but may decrease LPS concentrations and thus inflammation in lambs fed a grain-based diet.
{"title":"The impact of exogenous vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) on inflammatory responses and mRNA expression of tight junction genes in lambs fed a high-grain diet","authors":"Golam K Mia, Emma Hawley, Mustapha Yusuf, Samat Amat, Alison K Ward, Wanda L Keller, Glenn Dorsam, Kendall C Swanson","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae309","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the impact of administering vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) on inflammation and intestinal VIP and tight junction mRNA expression in lambs fed grain-based finishing diets. Sixteen wether lambs (69.6 ± 1.9 kg) were individually housed, adapted to a corn-based diet containing no forage, and randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups. Lambs were intraperitoneally injected every other day for 28 d with either saline (0.9% NaCl) with no VIP (n = 8; control) or saline with VIP (n = 8; 1.3 nmol/kg BW). Blood samples were collected weekly for analysis of cytokine concentrations, and on day 0 and 28 for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and LPS binding protein (LBP) concentrations. Upon completion of the treatment period, lambs were euthanized and gastrointestinal tissues, including rumen, jejunum, cecum, and colon samples, collected for analysis of the expression of tight junction mRNA (claudin-1, claudin-4, occludin, and ZO-1), endogenous VIP, and VIP receptor (VPAC-1). No treatment effects (P ≥ 0.38) were observed for VIP and VPAC-1 mRNA expression in colon. Supplementation with VIP did not influence (P ≥ 0.28) the expression of claudin-1, claudin-4, occludin, and ZO-1 tight junction mRNA in the rumen, jejunum, cecum, and colon. Lambs treated with VIP had greater (P ≤ 0.01) plasma concentrations of the anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and IL-36RA. There were treatment by day interactions observed (P ≤ 0.02) for concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines, MIP-1α and MIP-1β. Lambs that did not receive VIP had greater serum concentrations of LPS (P = 0.05) than the lambs receiving VIP. These data suggest that VIP administration may not influence tight junction mRNA expression but may decrease LPS concentrations and thus inflammation in lambs fed a grain-based diet.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Łukasz Grześkowiak, José Joaquín Cerón, Marina Lopez-Arjona, Beatriz Martínez-Vallespín, Johannes Schulze Holthausen, Philip Krüsselmann, Cornelia C Metges, Björn Kuhla, Wilfried Vahjen, Jürgen Zentek, Eva-Maria Saliu
Diet, especially the intake of dietary fibre, and weaning practices may influence pig wellbeing. This study assessed changes in salivary stress and immune markers in sows and their offspring fed either hay (HAY) or sugar beet pulp (SBP), either fine (F) or coarse (C), during gestation and lactation. The effect of weaning age (conventional-CW, late-LW) on these markers was also evaluated. Saliva was analysed for chromogranin A (CgA), cortisol, alpha-amylase, oxytocin, immunoglobulin A (IgA) and adenosine deaminase (ADA). CgA was higher at CW vs. LW in sows fed SBP-F (P=0.038). Alpha-amylase was higher in sows fed HAY-C at CW vs. LW (P=0.005) and in sows fed SBP-C at LW vs. CW (P=0.096). CgA and oxytocin were higher in sows fed SBP-F at CW vs. LW (P =0.038 and P =0.017, respectively). ADA was higher in sows fed SBP-C vs. HAY-C (P=0.035) at LW and at LW vs. CW in sows fed SBP-C (P=0.002). Piglet salivary CgA was higher at CW vs. LW in HAY-F (P=0.002) and SBP-F (P=0.031). Oxytocin was higher at CW vs. LW in piglets fed HAY-F (P=0.006). Piglet salivary IgA was higher in HAY-C vs. HAY-F at CW (P=0.010) and at LW vs. CW in piglets fed HAY-F (P=0.021). ADA was higher in piglets fed SBP-F vs. HAY-F (P=0.053) at CW and SBP-F vs. SBP-C (P=0.042) at LW. Dietary fibre type, weaning age and to a lesser extent grinding degree affect stress and immune markers in pigs. These findings highlight the impact of diet and weaning practice on pig welfare.
{"title":"Dietary fibre and weaning age affect stress and immune markers in saliva of sows and their offspring","authors":"Łukasz Grześkowiak, José Joaquín Cerón, Marina Lopez-Arjona, Beatriz Martínez-Vallespín, Johannes Schulze Holthausen, Philip Krüsselmann, Cornelia C Metges, Björn Kuhla, Wilfried Vahjen, Jürgen Zentek, Eva-Maria Saliu","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae312","url":null,"abstract":"Diet, especially the intake of dietary fibre, and weaning practices may influence pig wellbeing. This study assessed changes in salivary stress and immune markers in sows and their offspring fed either hay (HAY) or sugar beet pulp (SBP), either fine (F) or coarse (C), during gestation and lactation. The effect of weaning age (conventional-CW, late-LW) on these markers was also evaluated. Saliva was analysed for chromogranin A (CgA), cortisol, alpha-amylase, oxytocin, immunoglobulin A (IgA) and adenosine deaminase (ADA). CgA was higher at CW vs. LW in sows fed SBP-F (P=0.038). Alpha-amylase was higher in sows fed HAY-C at CW vs. LW (P=0.005) and in sows fed SBP-C at LW vs. CW (P=0.096). CgA and oxytocin were higher in sows fed SBP-F at CW vs. LW (P =0.038 and P =0.017, respectively). ADA was higher in sows fed SBP-C vs. HAY-C (P=0.035) at LW and at LW vs. CW in sows fed SBP-C (P=0.002). Piglet salivary CgA was higher at CW vs. LW in HAY-F (P=0.002) and SBP-F (P=0.031). Oxytocin was higher at CW vs. LW in piglets fed HAY-F (P=0.006). Piglet salivary IgA was higher in HAY-C vs. HAY-F at CW (P=0.010) and at LW vs. CW in piglets fed HAY-F (P=0.021). ADA was higher in piglets fed SBP-F vs. HAY-F (P=0.053) at CW and SBP-F vs. SBP-C (P=0.042) at LW. Dietary fibre type, weaning age and to a lesser extent grinding degree affect stress and immune markers in pigs. These findings highlight the impact of diet and weaning practice on pig welfare.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth L Geary, Christina L Vogel, Patrícia M Oba, Julio C Mioto, Maria R C de Godoy, Kelly S Swanson
“Premium” pet foods are often formulated with meat slurries. Meat slurries are believed to be of higher quality than rendered meals, but inadequate research has been performed to test how their inclusion affects palatability, digestibility, or indicators of gastrointestinal health. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine how chicken slurry inclusion affected the palatability and apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility (ATTD) of dog foods and to assess their effects on the fecal characteristics, metabolites, and microbiota of dogs. A replicated 3x3 Latin square design digestibility study was conducted using 9 healthy adult dogs (age = 5.44 ± 0.53 yr) to test diets containing 0% (control; CON), 8% (low inclusion; LOW), and 16% (high inclusion; HIGH) chicken slurry. The experiment comprised three 21-day experimental periods (14 days of adaptation, 5 days of total fecal collection (used for ATTD calculations), and 2 days of blood collection). On the first day of fecal collections, one fresh sample was collected for measurement of pH, dry matter (DM) content, fermentative metabolite concentrations, and microbiota populations. A 2-day palatability study (n=20 dogs) was also conducted to compare CON vs. HIGH. Data were analyzed statistically by Mixed Models using SAS 9.4, with P<0.05 being significant. In the palatability study, dogs were shown to prefer (P<0.05) the HIGH diet by a ratio of 2:1. In the digestibility study, fecal output, scores, pH, and DM percentage were not different among diets. The ATTD of protein was higher (P<0.05) for the HIGH diet (84.6%) than for the LOW (82.7%) or CON (82.6%) diets. The ATTD of other nutrients and energy were not different among diets (all over 80%). Fecal propionate, butyrate, and total short-chain fatty acid concentrations were higher (P<0.05) in dogs fed the LOW diet (122.0, 67.4, and 408.2 βmol/g, respectively) than those fed the HIGH diet (89.0, 46.9, and 338.2 βmol/g, respectively). The other fecal metabolites (acetate, branched-chain fatty acids, ammonia, phenol, and indole) were not different among treatments. Few changes to the fecal microbiota were noted. However, the relative abundance of fecal Fusobacterium was higher (P<0.05) in dogs fed the CON diet than those fed the HIGH diet (25.% vs. 20.0% relative abundance). In summary, chicken slurry inclusion improved palatability but had minimal effects on nutrient digestibility and fecal characteristics, metabolites, and microbiota.
{"title":"Effects of chicken slurry inclusion on apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility, palatability, and fecal characteristics, microbiota, and metabolites of healthy adult dogs","authors":"Elizabeth L Geary, Christina L Vogel, Patrícia M Oba, Julio C Mioto, Maria R C de Godoy, Kelly S Swanson","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae313","url":null,"abstract":"“Premium” pet foods are often formulated with meat slurries. Meat slurries are believed to be of higher quality than rendered meals, but inadequate research has been performed to test how their inclusion affects palatability, digestibility, or indicators of gastrointestinal health. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine how chicken slurry inclusion affected the palatability and apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility (ATTD) of dog foods and to assess their effects on the fecal characteristics, metabolites, and microbiota of dogs. A replicated 3x3 Latin square design digestibility study was conducted using 9 healthy adult dogs (age = 5.44 ± 0.53 yr) to test diets containing 0% (control; CON), 8% (low inclusion; LOW), and 16% (high inclusion; HIGH) chicken slurry. The experiment comprised three 21-day experimental periods (14 days of adaptation, 5 days of total fecal collection (used for ATTD calculations), and 2 days of blood collection). On the first day of fecal collections, one fresh sample was collected for measurement of pH, dry matter (DM) content, fermentative metabolite concentrations, and microbiota populations. A 2-day palatability study (n=20 dogs) was also conducted to compare CON vs. HIGH. Data were analyzed statistically by Mixed Models using SAS 9.4, with P&lt;0.05 being significant. In the palatability study, dogs were shown to prefer (P&lt;0.05) the HIGH diet by a ratio of 2:1. In the digestibility study, fecal output, scores, pH, and DM percentage were not different among diets. The ATTD of protein was higher (P&lt;0.05) for the HIGH diet (84.6%) than for the LOW (82.7%) or CON (82.6%) diets. The ATTD of other nutrients and energy were not different among diets (all over 80%). Fecal propionate, butyrate, and total short-chain fatty acid concentrations were higher (P&lt;0.05) in dogs fed the LOW diet (122.0, 67.4, and 408.2 βmol/g, respectively) than those fed the HIGH diet (89.0, 46.9, and 338.2 βmol/g, respectively). The other fecal metabolites (acetate, branched-chain fatty acids, ammonia, phenol, and indole) were not different among treatments. Few changes to the fecal microbiota were noted. However, the relative abundance of fecal Fusobacterium was higher (P&lt;0.05) in dogs fed the CON diet than those fed the HIGH diet (25.% vs. 20.0% relative abundance). In summary, chicken slurry inclusion improved palatability but had minimal effects on nutrient digestibility and fecal characteristics, metabolites, and microbiota.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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