Leon Marchal,Georg Dusel,Katharina Schuh-Von Graevenitz,Deepak E Velayudhan,Ester Vinyeta,Yueming Dersjant-Li
This experiment evaluated whether a consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant (PhyG) could totally replace the effect of added trace minerals (TM; Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn) in an all-vegetable diet, in weaned pigs. A total of 144 DanBred × Pietrain weaned pigs (28 d of age, body weight 7.0 ± 0.44 kg) were assigned to floor pens (12 pens/treatment; 4 pigs/pen; 2 females, 2 castrated males). Diets were based on corn, wheat, barley and soybean meal, fed in 2 phases (starter I: day 1 to 14 and starter II: day 14 to 42) and provided ad libitum. Treatment diets comprised: 1) a negative control (NC1) diet formulated without added TM but otherwise nutritionally adequate; 2) a positive control (PC), comprising the NC1 supplemented with Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn at 120, 80, 96, and 80 mg/kg, respectively, and; 3) the NC1 reduced in Ca and digestible P to account for the expected contribution of PhyG which was supplemented at 1,500 phytase units (FTU)/kg during starter I and 1,000 FTU/kg during starter II (NC2+PhyG). Growth performance was monitored over 42 d, and on day 42 blood, liver and femur bone samples were collected from 1 pig/pen for TM analysis. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and treatment means were separated by Tukey's HSD test. Pen was the experimental unit. Final (day 42) body weight and overall average daily gain were reduced in NC1 compared with PC (-2.04 kg/pig and -48.8 g/pig/day, respectively; P < 0.05) and increased (P < 0.05) in NC2+PhyG compared with NC, to levels not different from the PC. Zinc in bone ash at day 42 was increased in the PC compared with NC1 (+25.7 mg/kg, respectively; P < 0.05) and further increased in NC2+PhyG vs. NC1 or PC (+49.9 and +24.2 mg/kg, respectively), whereas Fe in bone was increased in NC2+PhyG vs PC (+35.4 mg/kg; P < 0.05). The results indicate that PhyG supplementation at the applied doses maintained growth performance and tissue TM concentrations at levels comparable to those achieved by the TM-supplemented diet. The findings suggest that the enzyme could replace supplemental Zn and may also support a reduction in the level of supplemental Cu, Fe and Mn in piglet diets, depending on the content of these TM in the basal diet.
{"title":"Replacement of added trace minerals (zinc, copper, iron, and manganese) by a consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant in weaned pigs fed an all-vegetable diet.","authors":"Leon Marchal,Georg Dusel,Katharina Schuh-Von Graevenitz,Deepak E Velayudhan,Ester Vinyeta,Yueming Dersjant-Li","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf419","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment evaluated whether a consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant (PhyG) could totally replace the effect of added trace minerals (TM; Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn) in an all-vegetable diet, in weaned pigs. A total of 144 DanBred × Pietrain weaned pigs (28 d of age, body weight 7.0 ± 0.44 kg) were assigned to floor pens (12 pens/treatment; 4 pigs/pen; 2 females, 2 castrated males). Diets were based on corn, wheat, barley and soybean meal, fed in 2 phases (starter I: day 1 to 14 and starter II: day 14 to 42) and provided ad libitum. Treatment diets comprised: 1) a negative control (NC1) diet formulated without added TM but otherwise nutritionally adequate; 2) a positive control (PC), comprising the NC1 supplemented with Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn at 120, 80, 96, and 80 mg/kg, respectively, and; 3) the NC1 reduced in Ca and digestible P to account for the expected contribution of PhyG which was supplemented at 1,500 phytase units (FTU)/kg during starter I and 1,000 FTU/kg during starter II (NC2+PhyG). Growth performance was monitored over 42 d, and on day 42 blood, liver and femur bone samples were collected from 1 pig/pen for TM analysis. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and treatment means were separated by Tukey's HSD test. Pen was the experimental unit. Final (day 42) body weight and overall average daily gain were reduced in NC1 compared with PC (-2.04 kg/pig and -48.8 g/pig/day, respectively; P < 0.05) and increased (P < 0.05) in NC2+PhyG compared with NC, to levels not different from the PC. Zinc in bone ash at day 42 was increased in the PC compared with NC1 (+25.7 mg/kg, respectively; P < 0.05) and further increased in NC2+PhyG vs. NC1 or PC (+49.9 and +24.2 mg/kg, respectively), whereas Fe in bone was increased in NC2+PhyG vs PC (+35.4 mg/kg; P < 0.05). The results indicate that PhyG supplementation at the applied doses maintained growth performance and tissue TM concentrations at levels comparable to those achieved by the TM-supplemented diet. The findings suggest that the enzyme could replace supplemental Zn and may also support a reduction in the level of supplemental Cu, Fe and Mn in piglet diets, depending on the content of these TM in the basal diet.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"264 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145947300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hala El Daous, Brittni P Littlejohn, Zully E Contreras-Correa, Shiveeli Rajput, Darcie R Sidelinger, E Heath King, Mark A Arick, Caleb O Lemley
Lay Summary Forage-based diets feed beef cattle worldwide. Seasonal forage quality and quantity affect nutrient utilization and animal performance due to low calorie and protein intake, compromising pregnancies, reducing birth weight, and increasing neonatal mortality by hindering fetal growth and organ development. Despite documented differences in response to maternal nutrition, most contemporary research either focuses on female progeny or neglects to consider offspring’s sex. This creates a significant void in the comprehension of male developmental programming. Inadequate maternal nutrition can lead to several maladaptive traits in affected offspring. Melatonin plays a crucial part in the release of hormones affecting the growth and development of many testicular cell types. We hypothesized that melatonin supplementation of nutrient restricted dams, would modify male fetal testicular developmental programming. Integrative analysis of genomic DNA methylation and transcriptomic profiles revealed a remarkable overlap between differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and differential gene expression. DMRs play a major role in transcriptional regulation and can be associated with either gene silencing or transcription elongation, depending upon the specific location of the methylated sites in the gene. The consequences for male offspring might be especially substantial, as developmental programming has a direct long-term impact on the animals’ productivity and human food security.
{"title":"Integrated fetal testicular transcriptomic and epigenomic profiles during maternal nutrient restriction with dietary melatonin intervention","authors":"Hala El Daous, Brittni P Littlejohn, Zully E Contreras-Correa, Shiveeli Rajput, Darcie R Sidelinger, E Heath King, Mark A Arick, Caleb O Lemley","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf455","url":null,"abstract":"Lay Summary Forage-based diets feed beef cattle worldwide. Seasonal forage quality and quantity affect nutrient utilization and animal performance due to low calorie and protein intake, compromising pregnancies, reducing birth weight, and increasing neonatal mortality by hindering fetal growth and organ development. Despite documented differences in response to maternal nutrition, most contemporary research either focuses on female progeny or neglects to consider offspring’s sex. This creates a significant void in the comprehension of male developmental programming. Inadequate maternal nutrition can lead to several maladaptive traits in affected offspring. Melatonin plays a crucial part in the release of hormones affecting the growth and development of many testicular cell types. We hypothesized that melatonin supplementation of nutrient restricted dams, would modify male fetal testicular developmental programming. Integrative analysis of genomic DNA methylation and transcriptomic profiles revealed a remarkable overlap between differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and differential gene expression. DMRs play a major role in transcriptional regulation and can be associated with either gene silencing or transcription elongation, depending upon the specific location of the methylated sites in the gene. The consequences for male offspring might be especially substantial, as developmental programming has a direct long-term impact on the animals’ productivity and human food security.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ismael França, Danilo Alves Marçal, Graziela Alves Da Cunha Valini, Pedro Righetti Arnaut, Manoela Trevisan Ortiz, Cleslei Alisson Silva, Marllon José Karpeggiane De Oliveira, Antonio Diego Brandão Melo, John Kyaw Htoo, Henrique Gastmann Brand, Ines Andretta, Charles Martin Nyachot, Luciano Hauschild
Immune system stimulation (ISS) alters the metabolic demand for amino acids (AA), and amino acid-based nutritional strategies may mitigate performance reduction in pigs subjected to sanitary challenge conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of extra supplementation of a combination of functional AA (FAA, +20% threonine, methionine, and tryptophan) preventively (pre-ISS), curatively (during-ISS) or both on the performance of growing pigs challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) and poor housing conditions. Fifty-two entire male pigs (21.7 ± 4.6 kg) were allocated to four dietary treatments, with a control AA profile diet fed throughout the experimental period (Control; NRC, 2012) or a FAA supplemented diet (FAA+; supplied +20% Trp: Lys, Thr: Lys, and Met+Cys: Lys above Control) fed only before the ISS (FAA Preventive), during the ISS (FAA Curative), or before and during the ISS-period (FAA Continuous). On day 0, after a 7-day pre-ISS-period (day -7 to -1, pre-ISS), all pigs were inoculated with ST (2 × 109 CFU/mL). Additionally, manure from a commercial pig farm was spread on the solid concrete floor, and the room was not cleaned during the ISS-period for 4 weeks (0 to 28 days). Thereafter, all pigs received the same standard diet for 9 weeks (days 29 to 91), and the facilities were cleaned daily. Pigs were group-housed and fed using five electronic precision feeders during pre-ISS and ISS-period (-7 to 28 days). There was no effect of providing additional FAA before the ISS-period on growth performance (P > 0.10), indicating that the control diet met at least the requirements under non-challenged conditions. Rectal temperature increased by 1.25 °C on day 1 of the ISS-period (P < 0.05) and remained higher than pre-ISS during days 2 to 7 of the ISS-period (P < 0.05). Control group had higher rectal temperature than the FAA Preventive (P < 0.05). Serum haptoglobin was higher on day 7 and 28 (P < 0.05), while albumin was lower on day 28 (P < 0.05), with lower concentrations in the control group compared with the FAA curative (P < 0.05). Higher final BW (P < 0.05), ADG (P < 0.05), and G: F (P < 0.05) were observed in the FAA Continuous compared to the Control. On day 28, FAA curative pigs showed higher total body protein content than FAA preventive pigs (P < 0.10). Nitrogen utilization efficiency improved by 32.6% (P < 0.05) for the FAA Curative compared with the Control. There were no remaining effects of treatments on BW or body composition on day 91 (P > 0.10). In conclusion, the combination of short-term preventive and curative strategies with FAA dietary supplementation modulated the immune response and improved the growth performance of growing pigs under chronic immune system stimulation.
{"title":"Preventive-curative functional amino acid-supplemented diet improves health, growth performance, and resilience of growing pigs under an immune challenge.","authors":"Ismael França, Danilo Alves Marçal, Graziela Alves Da Cunha Valini, Pedro Righetti Arnaut, Manoela Trevisan Ortiz, Cleslei Alisson Silva, Marllon José Karpeggiane De Oliveira, Antonio Diego Brandão Melo, John Kyaw Htoo, Henrique Gastmann Brand, Ines Andretta, Charles Martin Nyachot, Luciano Hauschild","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune system stimulation (ISS) alters the metabolic demand for amino acids (AA), and amino acid-based nutritional strategies may mitigate performance reduction in pigs subjected to sanitary challenge conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of extra supplementation of a combination of functional AA (FAA, +20% threonine, methionine, and tryptophan) preventively (pre-ISS), curatively (during-ISS) or both on the performance of growing pigs challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) and poor housing conditions. Fifty-two entire male pigs (21.7 ± 4.6 kg) were allocated to four dietary treatments, with a control AA profile diet fed throughout the experimental period (Control; NRC, 2012) or a FAA supplemented diet (FAA+; supplied +20% Trp: Lys, Thr: Lys, and Met+Cys: Lys above Control) fed only before the ISS (FAA Preventive), during the ISS (FAA Curative), or before and during the ISS-period (FAA Continuous). On day 0, after a 7-day pre-ISS-period (day -7 to -1, pre-ISS), all pigs were inoculated with ST (2 × 109 CFU/mL). Additionally, manure from a commercial pig farm was spread on the solid concrete floor, and the room was not cleaned during the ISS-period for 4 weeks (0 to 28 days). Thereafter, all pigs received the same standard diet for 9 weeks (days 29 to 91), and the facilities were cleaned daily. Pigs were group-housed and fed using five electronic precision feeders during pre-ISS and ISS-period (-7 to 28 days). There was no effect of providing additional FAA before the ISS-period on growth performance (P > 0.10), indicating that the control diet met at least the requirements under non-challenged conditions. Rectal temperature increased by 1.25 °C on day 1 of the ISS-period (P < 0.05) and remained higher than pre-ISS during days 2 to 7 of the ISS-period (P < 0.05). Control group had higher rectal temperature than the FAA Preventive (P < 0.05). Serum haptoglobin was higher on day 7 and 28 (P < 0.05), while albumin was lower on day 28 (P < 0.05), with lower concentrations in the control group compared with the FAA curative (P < 0.05). Higher final BW (P < 0.05), ADG (P < 0.05), and G: F (P < 0.05) were observed in the FAA Continuous compared to the Control. On day 28, FAA curative pigs showed higher total body protein content than FAA preventive pigs (P < 0.10). Nitrogen utilization efficiency improved by 32.6% (P < 0.05) for the FAA Curative compared with the Control. There were no remaining effects of treatments on BW or body composition on day 91 (P > 0.10). In conclusion, the combination of short-term preventive and curative strategies with FAA dietary supplementation modulated the immune response and improved the growth performance of growing pigs under chronic immune system stimulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145917706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keayla M Harr,Madelyn A Scott,Eduardo Solano Pina Dos Santos,Nara R B Cônsolo,Logan Johnson,Gretchen G Mafi,Morgan M Pfeiffer,Ranjith Ramanathan
Dark-cutting beef continues to remain one of the challenges for the global beef industry. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of varying visual degrees of dark-cutting condition on the lipidome profiles of beef longissimus lumborum. Beef carcasses (n = 6/treatment; 24 total loins) were identified at the time of grading based on the visual severity of dark-cutting levels, and beef strip loins (longissimus lumborum) were collected from these carcasses following fabrication. Treatments included a normal, bright cherry red control (pH = 5.54), shady dark-cutting (half dark; pH = 5.96), moderate dark-cutting (two-thirds dark; pH = 6.38), and moderately severe dark-cutting (full dark; pH = 6.55). Approximately 48-60 h postmortem, a single steak was sliced off the anterior end of each loin for bloom color analysis and nontargeted lipidomic analysis using a liquid chromatography-mass-spectrometry approach. A total of 379 lipids, representing different classes of lipids, were identified across the four treatments. Pairwise comparisons revealed 21, 22, and 23 lipid species that differed (P < 0.05) in shady, moderate, and moderately severe dark-cutting beef, respectively, compared with normal beef. Only one lipid species (acylcarnitine 22:2) differed between moderately severe and moderate groups. Acylcarnitine species of varying carbons and saturations were the most common of the shared species in dark-cutting samples. Medium- and long-chain acylcarnitine levels were significantly different (P < 0.05) between dark-cutting treatments and normal pH. The importance projection analysis indicated that acylcarnitine 20:2, 18:1, and 16:0 were the top three lipid species contributing to differences between dark-cutting severities and normal steaks. The relative proportion of lipids involved in energy metabolism was greater (P < 0.05) in moderate and moderately severe than in normal bright red steaks. Greater acylcarnitine levels in postmortem muscle suggest mobilization of fatty acids for energy homeostasis in dark-cutting beef and altered metabolism.
{"title":"A preliminary nontargeted lipidomics analysis reveals greater acylcarnitine in dark-cutting beef longissimus lumborum across visual severity levels.","authors":"Keayla M Harr,Madelyn A Scott,Eduardo Solano Pina Dos Santos,Nara R B Cônsolo,Logan Johnson,Gretchen G Mafi,Morgan M Pfeiffer,Ranjith Ramanathan","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf460","url":null,"abstract":"Dark-cutting beef continues to remain one of the challenges for the global beef industry. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of varying visual degrees of dark-cutting condition on the lipidome profiles of beef longissimus lumborum. Beef carcasses (n = 6/treatment; 24 total loins) were identified at the time of grading based on the visual severity of dark-cutting levels, and beef strip loins (longissimus lumborum) were collected from these carcasses following fabrication. Treatments included a normal, bright cherry red control (pH = 5.54), shady dark-cutting (half dark; pH = 5.96), moderate dark-cutting (two-thirds dark; pH = 6.38), and moderately severe dark-cutting (full dark; pH = 6.55). Approximately 48-60 h postmortem, a single steak was sliced off the anterior end of each loin for bloom color analysis and nontargeted lipidomic analysis using a liquid chromatography-mass-spectrometry approach. A total of 379 lipids, representing different classes of lipids, were identified across the four treatments. Pairwise comparisons revealed 21, 22, and 23 lipid species that differed (P < 0.05) in shady, moderate, and moderately severe dark-cutting beef, respectively, compared with normal beef. Only one lipid species (acylcarnitine 22:2) differed between moderately severe and moderate groups. Acylcarnitine species of varying carbons and saturations were the most common of the shared species in dark-cutting samples. Medium- and long-chain acylcarnitine levels were significantly different (P < 0.05) between dark-cutting treatments and normal pH. The importance projection analysis indicated that acylcarnitine 20:2, 18:1, and 16:0 were the top three lipid species contributing to differences between dark-cutting severities and normal steaks. The relative proportion of lipids involved in energy metabolism was greater (P < 0.05) in moderate and moderately severe than in normal bright red steaks. Greater acylcarnitine levels in postmortem muscle suggest mobilization of fatty acids for energy homeostasis in dark-cutting beef and altered metabolism.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are key gene regulators that are involved in many fundamental biological processes. Skeletal muscle cannot develop normally without the involvement of circRNA. While circRNA plays a pivotal role in skeletal muscle development, its functions and mechanisms within the muscle development of local chicken breeds remain to be thoroughly elucidated. This study, using the Jingyuan chicken as a model, investigated the regulatory role of circACLY in skeletal muscle development and inosine monophosphate (IMP) synthesis. Experiments verified that circACLY is a circRNA that is mainly localized to the cytoplasm. Bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation demonstrated that circACLY is a target of gga-miR-6660-3p, which in turn regulates the expression of Ectonucleotide Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase 7 (ENTPD7). Functional assays demonstrated that gga-miR-6660-3p inhibits myoblast proliferation and differentiation capacity while suppressing the de novo IMP synthesis pathway. However, circACLY reverses the inhibitory effects of gga-miR-6660-3p on these processes. This study systematically elucidates the regulatory mechanism of the circACLY/gga-miR-6660-3p/ENTPD7 axis in the development of quail myoblasts and IMP synthesis, providing a theoretical basis for deepening the understanding of the molecular basis of skeletal muscle development in local chicken breeds and the genetic improvement of meat quality traits.
{"title":"CircACLY regulates proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of Jingyuan chicken myoblasts by sponging gga-miR-6660-3P.","authors":"Ruimin Ma,Ying Zhou,Weizhen Wang,Ling Zhu,Tong Zhang,Jinli Tian,Lijuan Yang,Hua Wang,Lin Xue,Siyu Chen,Xiaohua Tian,Xiaoyun Ji,Zhenyun Cai,Yaling Gu,Juan Zhang","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf464","url":null,"abstract":"Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are key gene regulators that are involved in many fundamental biological processes. Skeletal muscle cannot develop normally without the involvement of circRNA. While circRNA plays a pivotal role in skeletal muscle development, its functions and mechanisms within the muscle development of local chicken breeds remain to be thoroughly elucidated. This study, using the Jingyuan chicken as a model, investigated the regulatory role of circACLY in skeletal muscle development and inosine monophosphate (IMP) synthesis. Experiments verified that circACLY is a circRNA that is mainly localized to the cytoplasm. Bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation demonstrated that circACLY is a target of gga-miR-6660-3p, which in turn regulates the expression of Ectonucleotide Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase 7 (ENTPD7). Functional assays demonstrated that gga-miR-6660-3p inhibits myoblast proliferation and differentiation capacity while suppressing the de novo IMP synthesis pathway. However, circACLY reverses the inhibitory effects of gga-miR-6660-3p on these processes. This study systematically elucidates the regulatory mechanism of the circACLY/gga-miR-6660-3p/ENTPD7 axis in the development of quail myoblasts and IMP synthesis, providing a theoretical basis for deepening the understanding of the molecular basis of skeletal muscle development in local chicken breeds and the genetic improvement of meat quality traits.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melissa Parent,Christine Bone,Lee-Anne Huber,E James Squires
Boar taint, an unpleasant odor in heated pork, is caused primarily by androstenone accumulation in fat. Previous research demonstrated that biochar (BC), a charcoal-based adsorbent, can reduce androstenone accumulation in the fat when used as a dietary additive. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of BC as a dietary treatment for boar taint in two genetic lines of boars from Alliance Genetics Canada (AGC) and Pig Improvement Company (PIC), and examine the influence of steroidogenic capacity on treatment response. All boars were fed a 5% BC diet for four weeks starting at a bodyweight (BW) of 75.25 ± 1.42 kg and 111.10 ± 0.86 days of age (DOA), followed by a two-week recovery period where BC was removed from the diet. Plasma androstenone, estrone sulfate (E1S), and growth performance parameters were measured weekly, and fat androstenone was measured biweekly. We found that 71% of PIC boars and 47% of AGC boars never developed boar taint, as the fat androstenone concentrations remained below the threshold of 1 μg/g throughout the trial. Of those with the capacity to develop boar taint, 89% of AGC boars responded to BC treatment, compared to 67% for PIC. However, no differences in plasma or fat androstenone levels were observed between the two genetic lines. Additionally, all growth performance parameters were not different between AGC and PIC boars except gain: feed (G: F) during the treatment period and average daily gain (ADG) during recovery, where PIC boars performed better (P = 0.001). Plasma E1S concentrations measured at approximately 130 kg live weight were used to classify boars as either high (plasma E1S > 16 ng/mL) or low steroidogenic capacity (plasma E1S ≤ 16 ng/mL). High steroidogenic capacity boars had greater plasma E1S concentrations (P < 0.05) across all time points compared those with low steroidogenic capacity, although growth rates remained not different between groups. In both genetic lines, boars that never developed boar taint as well as those responded to BC treatment consisted of a mix of high and low steroidogenic capacity animals, while boars that did not respond to BC treatment were exclusively high steroidogenic capacity. These results suggest that steroidogenic capacity may help to predict BC treatment response, although additional research is needed to identify genetic and biological markers associated with treatment success in order to effectively tailor BC treatment to animals most likely to benefit.
{"title":"Effect of Genetic Line and Steroidogenic Capacity on Response to Dietary Supplementation of Biochar to Control Fat Androstenone Levels in Boars.","authors":"Melissa Parent,Christine Bone,Lee-Anne Huber,E James Squires","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf463","url":null,"abstract":"Boar taint, an unpleasant odor in heated pork, is caused primarily by androstenone accumulation in fat. Previous research demonstrated that biochar (BC), a charcoal-based adsorbent, can reduce androstenone accumulation in the fat when used as a dietary additive. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of BC as a dietary treatment for boar taint in two genetic lines of boars from Alliance Genetics Canada (AGC) and Pig Improvement Company (PIC), and examine the influence of steroidogenic capacity on treatment response. All boars were fed a 5% BC diet for four weeks starting at a bodyweight (BW) of 75.25 ± 1.42 kg and 111.10 ± 0.86 days of age (DOA), followed by a two-week recovery period where BC was removed from the diet. Plasma androstenone, estrone sulfate (E1S), and growth performance parameters were measured weekly, and fat androstenone was measured biweekly. We found that 71% of PIC boars and 47% of AGC boars never developed boar taint, as the fat androstenone concentrations remained below the threshold of 1 μg/g throughout the trial. Of those with the capacity to develop boar taint, 89% of AGC boars responded to BC treatment, compared to 67% for PIC. However, no differences in plasma or fat androstenone levels were observed between the two genetic lines. Additionally, all growth performance parameters were not different between AGC and PIC boars except gain: feed (G: F) during the treatment period and average daily gain (ADG) during recovery, where PIC boars performed better (P = 0.001). Plasma E1S concentrations measured at approximately 130 kg live weight were used to classify boars as either high (plasma E1S > 16 ng/mL) or low steroidogenic capacity (plasma E1S ≤ 16 ng/mL). High steroidogenic capacity boars had greater plasma E1S concentrations (P < 0.05) across all time points compared those with low steroidogenic capacity, although growth rates remained not different between groups. In both genetic lines, boars that never developed boar taint as well as those responded to BC treatment consisted of a mix of high and low steroidogenic capacity animals, while boars that did not respond to BC treatment were exclusively high steroidogenic capacity. These results suggest that steroidogenic capacity may help to predict BC treatment response, although additional research is needed to identify genetic and biological markers associated with treatment success in order to effectively tailor BC treatment to animals most likely to benefit.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rodrigo D L Pacheco,Jéssica O Gusmão,Alex S Maia,Pedro H P Terêncio,João P S T Bastos,Ricardo Ávila,Bradley J Johnson,Victor P C Campanelli,Vinícius F C Fonsêca,Gustavo A B Moura,Rafael Da C Cervieri,John C Fuller
β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), a metabolite of leucine, increases both protein synthesis and lipolysis, immune function, and overall health in both humans and animals. Previous cattle studies have shown that HMB, fed as calcium HMB (CaHMB), can minimize stress responses and improve meat quality. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of feeding CaHMB in a subtropical feedlot on performance of Nellore (Bos indicus) bulls. A total of 3,520 bulls (64 pens; 55 animals per pen) were studied with four levels of CaHMB (0 (control, CON), 3, 5, or 7 g per head per day) and half the pens had shade access (SH), and half did not in a split-plot experimental design. Diets containing CaHMB were fed during three phases of the study, adaptation, growth, and finishing. There were no CaHMB x SH interactions observed for any variable measured. However, adjusted final body weight (FBW) tended to increase in CaHMB-treated bulls up to 5.8 kg in bulls fed 3 g per day (linear P < 0.07). Additionally, adjusted average daily gain (ADG) and carcass ADG were also increased with 3 g per day CaHMB by 3.2% and 2.6%, respectively, when compared with CON (linear P < 0.04). Bulls fed CaHMB tended to have increased hot carcass weight (HCW) by up to 3.4 kg in bulls fed 3 g CaHMB per day and a 0.36% increase in dressing percentage (DP) (linear P < 0.07 and 0.09, respectively). No differences were observed in dry matter intake (DMI) during any of the feeding periods. No significant differences were observed in gain: feed. Of major importance to the subtropical environment, 34% of the days were considered hot to very hot with the comfort level (InCI) >0.45 on a 0 to 1.0 scale. In conclusion, supplementing Bos indicus bulls with CaHMB resulted in improved growth performance and carcass yield.
β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸盐（HMB）是亮氨酸的代谢物，可促进蛋白质合成和脂肪分解、免疫功能以及人类和动物的整体健康。以前的牛研究表明，以钙HMB （CaHMB）喂养的HMB可以减少应激反应并改善肉品质。本研究旨在探讨在亚热带饲养场饲喂CaHMB对牛生产性能的影响。共有3,520头公牛（64个栏，每个栏55头动物）在四种水平的CaHMB（0（对照，CON）， 3,5或7 g /头/天）下进行了研究，一半的栏有荫蔽通道（SH），一半没有。在适应期、生长期和肥育期三个阶段分别饲喂含有CaHMB的饲粮。在测量的任何变量中，没有观察到CaHMB与SH的相互作用。然而，在每天饲喂3 g cahmb的公牛中，调整后的最终体重（FBW）倾向于增加5.8 kg（在0 ~ 1.0范围内线性P为0.45）。综上所述，在公牛中添加CaHMB可提高公牛的生长性能和胴体产量。
{"title":"Evaluation of calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on performance of Bos indicus-influenced cattle in a subtropical environment.","authors":"Rodrigo D L Pacheco,Jéssica O Gusmão,Alex S Maia,Pedro H P Terêncio,João P S T Bastos,Ricardo Ávila,Bradley J Johnson,Victor P C Campanelli,Vinícius F C Fonsêca,Gustavo A B Moura,Rafael Da C Cervieri,John C Fuller","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf459","url":null,"abstract":"β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), a metabolite of leucine, increases both protein synthesis and lipolysis, immune function, and overall health in both humans and animals. Previous cattle studies have shown that HMB, fed as calcium HMB (CaHMB), can minimize stress responses and improve meat quality. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of feeding CaHMB in a subtropical feedlot on performance of Nellore (Bos indicus) bulls. A total of 3,520 bulls (64 pens; 55 animals per pen) were studied with four levels of CaHMB (0 (control, CON), 3, 5, or 7 g per head per day) and half the pens had shade access (SH), and half did not in a split-plot experimental design. Diets containing CaHMB were fed during three phases of the study, adaptation, growth, and finishing. There were no CaHMB x SH interactions observed for any variable measured. However, adjusted final body weight (FBW) tended to increase in CaHMB-treated bulls up to 5.8 kg in bulls fed 3 g per day (linear P < 0.07). Additionally, adjusted average daily gain (ADG) and carcass ADG were also increased with 3 g per day CaHMB by 3.2% and 2.6%, respectively, when compared with CON (linear P < 0.04). Bulls fed CaHMB tended to have increased hot carcass weight (HCW) by up to 3.4 kg in bulls fed 3 g CaHMB per day and a 0.36% increase in dressing percentage (DP) (linear P < 0.07 and 0.09, respectively). No differences were observed in dry matter intake (DMI) during any of the feeding periods. No significant differences were observed in gain: feed. Of major importance to the subtropical environment, 34% of the days were considered hot to very hot with the comfort level (InCI) >0.45 on a 0 to 1.0 scale. In conclusion, supplementing Bos indicus bulls with CaHMB resulted in improved growth performance and carcass yield.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
No studies are currently available regarding the roles of the amino acid transporters in promoting mineral absorption in animals. To study whether the y(+)L-type amino acid transporter 2 (y+LAT2) participates in enhancing Zn absorption as Zn proteinate with moderate chelation strength (Zn-Prot M) in broilers, three experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of y+LAT2 silencing and overexpression on zinc (Zn) absorption as Zn-Prot M and related gene expressions in broiler primary duodenal epithelial cells (BPDECs) contrasted with Zn sulfate (ZnSO4). In Exp.1, three pairs of siRNAs (si-494, si-834 and si-1153) targeting y+LAT2 were synthesized and transfected within the cells to identify the optimal siRNA for silencing y+LAT2 mRNA expression, and the data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. In Exp.2, cells were incubated for 2 h in either a DMEM/F12 complete medium without Zn supplementation (Control) or the same medium enriched with 400 μmol Zn/L as ZnSO4 or Zn-Prot M, with or without the only one effective siRNA targeting y+LAT2, and the data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. In Exp.3, with or without the recombinant adenovirus plasmid encoding y+LAT2, cells were also treated for 2 h with the same media as in Exp. 2, and the data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. The results demonstrated that in Exp.1, the si-494 was the only one effective (P < 0.0001) siRNA for inhibiting y+LAT2 mRNA expression. In Exp.2, y+LAT2 silencing reduced its own mRNA and protein abundances (P < 0.0001) by 46% and 14% and Zn absorption from Zn-Prot M by 34% (P < 0.05), with no effect (P > 0.05) on Zn absorption from ZnSO4. In Exp.3, y+LAT2 overexpression elevated its own mRNA and protein expressions by 949% and 18% (P < 0.0001) and Zn absorption from Zn-Prot M by 73% (P < 0.05), but didn't affect (P > 0.05) Zn absorption from ZnSO4. Additionally, Zn-Prot M upregulated (P < 0.05) the y+LAT2 protein expression compared to the Control and ZnSO4 by 12∼17%, with no impact (P > 0.07) on the y+LAT2 mRNA expression, regardless of y+LAT2 silencing or overexpression. In conclusion, the y+LAT2 took part in promoting Zn absorption as Zn-Prot M in BPDECs.
{"title":"The role of the y(+)L-type amino acid transporter 2 in promoting zinc absorption as zinc proteinate with moderate chelation strength in broiler primary duodenal epithelial cells.","authors":"Chunyu Cao,Yun Hu,Liang Huang,Weiyun Zhang,Xi Lin,Wei Wu,Tingting Li,Xiaoyan Cui,Shengchen Wang,Liyang Zhang,Xugang Luo","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf466","url":null,"abstract":"No studies are currently available regarding the roles of the amino acid transporters in promoting mineral absorption in animals. To study whether the y(+)L-type amino acid transporter 2 (y+LAT2) participates in enhancing Zn absorption as Zn proteinate with moderate chelation strength (Zn-Prot M) in broilers, three experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of y+LAT2 silencing and overexpression on zinc (Zn) absorption as Zn-Prot M and related gene expressions in broiler primary duodenal epithelial cells (BPDECs) contrasted with Zn sulfate (ZnSO4). In Exp.1, three pairs of siRNAs (si-494, si-834 and si-1153) targeting y+LAT2 were synthesized and transfected within the cells to identify the optimal siRNA for silencing y+LAT2 mRNA expression, and the data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. In Exp.2, cells were incubated for 2 h in either a DMEM/F12 complete medium without Zn supplementation (Control) or the same medium enriched with 400 μmol Zn/L as ZnSO4 or Zn-Prot M, with or without the only one effective siRNA targeting y+LAT2, and the data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. In Exp.3, with or without the recombinant adenovirus plasmid encoding y+LAT2, cells were also treated for 2 h with the same media as in Exp. 2, and the data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. The results demonstrated that in Exp.1, the si-494 was the only one effective (P < 0.0001) siRNA for inhibiting y+LAT2 mRNA expression. In Exp.2, y+LAT2 silencing reduced its own mRNA and protein abundances (P < 0.0001) by 46% and 14% and Zn absorption from Zn-Prot M by 34% (P < 0.05), with no effect (P > 0.05) on Zn absorption from ZnSO4. In Exp.3, y+LAT2 overexpression elevated its own mRNA and protein expressions by 949% and 18% (P < 0.0001) and Zn absorption from Zn-Prot M by 73% (P < 0.05), but didn't affect (P > 0.05) Zn absorption from ZnSO4. Additionally, Zn-Prot M upregulated (P < 0.05) the y+LAT2 protein expression compared to the Control and ZnSO4 by 12∼17%, with no impact (P > 0.07) on the y+LAT2 mRNA expression, regardless of y+LAT2 silencing or overexpression. In conclusion, the y+LAT2 took part in promoting Zn absorption as Zn-Prot M in BPDECs.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of graded reductions in balanced crude protein (CP) on hen productive performance, egg quality, nitrogen balance, abdominal fat deposition, tibia traits, and relative economic outcomes from 26 to 44 weeks of age (WOA) was investigated. A total of 252 26-week-old Hy-Line Brown hens were housed in enriched cages (7 birds/cage) and randomly allocated to 1 of 4 different dietary CP levels of iso-energetic diets with 9 replicates per treatment. The trial was conducted over two phases of 26 to 34 and 36 to 44 WOA. Diets included a high-protein (HP; 18.0% and 17.0% CP in Phases 1 and 2), medium-protein (MP), low-protein (LP), and very low-protein (VLP) series, representing stepwise reductions of 0.50, 1.00, and 1.50 percentage points relative to HP. Limiting amino acids (AA; lysine, methionine, and threonine) were supplemented to ensure balanced AA profiles. Collected data were analyzed using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure for one-way ANOVA; statistical significance was set at P < 0.05, and trends were noted at 0.05 < P < 0.10. Balanced protein reduction tended to improve abdominal fat contents (2.66 to 2.85%; P = 0.059), but reduce body weight gain (141.66 to 95.66 g; P = 0.089), particularly with the VLP diet. Across 26 to 44 WOA, graded CP reduction lowered egg weight (60.36 to 59.40 g; P < 0.05) and feed conversion efficiency (1.93 to 1.97 g feed/g egg; P < 0.05); and tended to reduce egg mass (57.02 to 55.11 g/hen/day; P = 0.080), particularly in the VLP group. As to egg quality, Haugh units were higher (P < 0.05) with HP and MP diets (94.60 and 94.30) than LP and VLP diets (93.66 and 93.04) across 26-44 WOA. In contrast, LP and VLP diets tended to improve yolk color (8.38 to 8.49; P = 0.076) and egg-breaking strength (5.39 to 5.51 kg; P = 0.058) across 26-44 WOA. Dietary CP reduction linearly reduced nitrogen consumed and excreted by more than 10% (P < 0.05). Tibia-breaking strength tended to decline with dietary CP reduction (P = 0.094), decreasing from 27.62 kg in HP to 25.54-25.68 kg in the LP and VLP diets. Economically, reduced CP lowered egg income (P < 0.05) at weeks 34 and 44 (2.00 to 1.77$; 1.96 to 1.89$, respectively); and feed costs at week 34 only (0.54 to 0.52$; P = 0.088), but profit margins remained unaffected (P > 0.10). Conclusively, these results confirm the effectiveness of balanced dietary protein reduction in maintaining egg production rate and most egg quality traits while reducing nitrogen excreted and feed costs.
{"title":"Laying hen responses to balanced protein reduction on performance, egg quality, nitrogen balance, and fat and mineral utilization.","authors":"Elijah Ogola Oketch,Myunghwan Yu,Shan Randima Nawarathne,Nuwan Chamara Chathuranga,Jeseok Lee,Haeeun Park,Bo Keun Lee,Kwan Eung Kim,Jung Min Heo","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf465","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of graded reductions in balanced crude protein (CP) on hen productive performance, egg quality, nitrogen balance, abdominal fat deposition, tibia traits, and relative economic outcomes from 26 to 44 weeks of age (WOA) was investigated. A total of 252 26-week-old Hy-Line Brown hens were housed in enriched cages (7 birds/cage) and randomly allocated to 1 of 4 different dietary CP levels of iso-energetic diets with 9 replicates per treatment. The trial was conducted over two phases of 26 to 34 and 36 to 44 WOA. Diets included a high-protein (HP; 18.0% and 17.0% CP in Phases 1 and 2), medium-protein (MP), low-protein (LP), and very low-protein (VLP) series, representing stepwise reductions of 0.50, 1.00, and 1.50 percentage points relative to HP. Limiting amino acids (AA; lysine, methionine, and threonine) were supplemented to ensure balanced AA profiles. Collected data were analyzed using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure for one-way ANOVA; statistical significance was set at P < 0.05, and trends were noted at 0.05 < P < 0.10. Balanced protein reduction tended to improve abdominal fat contents (2.66 to 2.85%; P = 0.059), but reduce body weight gain (141.66 to 95.66 g; P = 0.089), particularly with the VLP diet. Across 26 to 44 WOA, graded CP reduction lowered egg weight (60.36 to 59.40 g; P < 0.05) and feed conversion efficiency (1.93 to 1.97 g feed/g egg; P < 0.05); and tended to reduce egg mass (57.02 to 55.11 g/hen/day; P = 0.080), particularly in the VLP group. As to egg quality, Haugh units were higher (P < 0.05) with HP and MP diets (94.60 and 94.30) than LP and VLP diets (93.66 and 93.04) across 26-44 WOA. In contrast, LP and VLP diets tended to improve yolk color (8.38 to 8.49; P = 0.076) and egg-breaking strength (5.39 to 5.51 kg; P = 0.058) across 26-44 WOA. Dietary CP reduction linearly reduced nitrogen consumed and excreted by more than 10% (P < 0.05). Tibia-breaking strength tended to decline with dietary CP reduction (P = 0.094), decreasing from 27.62 kg in HP to 25.54-25.68 kg in the LP and VLP diets. Economically, reduced CP lowered egg income (P < 0.05) at weeks 34 and 44 (2.00 to 1.77$; 1.96 to 1.89$, respectively); and feed costs at week 34 only (0.54 to 0.52$; P = 0.088), but profit margins remained unaffected (P > 0.10). Conclusively, these results confirm the effectiveness of balanced dietary protein reduction in maintaining egg production rate and most egg quality traits while reducing nitrogen excreted and feed costs.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The luteinizing hormone (LH) is well established to trigger oocyte maturation and cumulus expansion in preovulatory follicles, primarily through activating the epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling network. While previous studies have demonstrated that activation of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPR30) accelerates meiotic resumption and first polar body extrusion in oocytes, the molecular mechanisms underlying GPR30 function in this process remain poorly defined. Here, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) of goat follicles were used to investigate the interaction between the EGF network and GPR30 during oocyte maturation and ovulation. Our results showed that: LH signal was found to increase GPR30 protein levels via the EGF receptor signaling pathway (P＜0.05); Estradiol (E2) acts via GPR30 to promote ERK1/2 phosphorylation, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production, first polar body extrusion, and the expression of cumulus expansion-related genes in COCs (P＜0.05), and E2 further enhances these functional outcomes by increasing EGFR protein levels in cumulus cells. Collectively, these findings reveal a synergistic interaction between LH and E2 in regulating goat oocyte maturation: E2, via GPR30-mediated upregulation of EGFR, enhances COCs' responsiveness to LH-induced EGF signaling-thereby amplifying oocyte maturation efficiency and cumulus expansion. This study provides new insights into the integrated signaling network governing mammalian oocyte maturation and offers a potential molecular target for optimizing in vitro maturation (IVM) protocols for goat.
{"title":"Cooperation of luteinizing hormone and estradiol in the promotion of goat oocyte maturation via regulation and activation of the GPR30 and EGFR signaling pathways.","authors":"Baijuan Yue,Jie Liu,Sihai Lu,Meini Yu,Lele Zhu,Yaju Tang,Xiaoe Zhao,Sha Peng,Menghao Pan,Qiang Wei,Baohua Ma","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf462","url":null,"abstract":"The luteinizing hormone (LH) is well established to trigger oocyte maturation and cumulus expansion in preovulatory follicles, primarily through activating the epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling network. While previous studies have demonstrated that activation of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPR30) accelerates meiotic resumption and first polar body extrusion in oocytes, the molecular mechanisms underlying GPR30 function in this process remain poorly defined. Here, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) of goat follicles were used to investigate the interaction between the EGF network and GPR30 during oocyte maturation and ovulation. Our results showed that: LH signal was found to increase GPR30 protein levels via the EGF receptor signaling pathway (P＜0.05); Estradiol (E2) acts via GPR30 to promote ERK1/2 phosphorylation, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production, first polar body extrusion, and the expression of cumulus expansion-related genes in COCs (P＜0.05), and E2 further enhances these functional outcomes by increasing EGFR protein levels in cumulus cells. Collectively, these findings reveal a synergistic interaction between LH and E2 in regulating goat oocyte maturation: E2, via GPR30-mediated upregulation of EGFR, enhances COCs' responsiveness to LH-induced EGF signaling-thereby amplifying oocyte maturation efficiency and cumulus expansion. This study provides new insights into the integrated signaling network governing mammalian oocyte maturation and offers a potential molecular target for optimizing in vitro maturation (IVM) protocols for goat.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"177 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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