Greater than 200,000 children in the United States are born yearly with the aid of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Recent epidemiological studies have suggested that these treatments are associated with an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, including fetal growth restriction, low birth weight, preterm labor, preeclampsia and some rare genetic and epigenetic diseases. Given that many ART treatments including in vitro fertilization (IVF) utilize multiple clinical and laboratory interventions to generate a cohort of embryos capable of implantation and development, it is critical to examine each intervention individually in order to assess its relationship, if any, to the described adverse perinatal outcomes. Both human and animal studies can provide us with significant insights into the clinical procedures as well as the molecular mechanisms that may be playing in role in the adverse outcomes associated with IVF. By analyzing these data, we can not only can we modify current protocols to minimize the maternal and neonatal risk, but we can gain understanding of the critical cells and processes that play a role in pregnancy establishment and maintenance.
{"title":"32 Assisted Reproductive Technologies and adverse perinatal outcomes: the what, why and how?","authors":"Maria Gracia Gervasi*","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf398.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf398.026","url":null,"abstract":"Greater than 200,000 children in the United States are born yearly with the aid of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Recent epidemiological studies have suggested that these treatments are associated with an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, including fetal growth restriction, low birth weight, preterm labor, preeclampsia and some rare genetic and epigenetic diseases. Given that many ART treatments including in vitro fertilization (IVF) utilize multiple clinical and laboratory interventions to generate a cohort of embryos capable of implantation and development, it is critical to examine each intervention individually in order to assess its relationship, if any, to the described adverse perinatal outcomes. Both human and animal studies can provide us with significant insights into the clinical procedures as well as the molecular mechanisms that may be playing in role in the adverse outcomes associated with IVF. By analyzing these data, we can not only can we modify current protocols to minimize the maternal and neonatal risk, but we can gain understanding of the critical cells and processes that play a role in pregnancy establishment and maintenance.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"250 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145847313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicole M Tillquist, Michela A Brown, Santhi P Voggu, Mia Y Kawaida, Kaitlyn M Baran, Samantha B Goulston, Aleena D Kearse, Emily M Llantin, Eric Bae, Timothy E Moore, Sarah A Reed, Kristen E Govoni
: Introduction Proper development of the small intestinal epithelium and establishment of a diverse microbiome is critical for transport and absorption of nutrients, and gut health, but may be negatively impacted by restricted nutrition during gestation. Objective To determine if maternal nutrient restriction impairs morphological characteristics and microbial community of fetal small intestine, multiparous Dorset ewes pregnant with twins were fed 100% (n = 8) or 60% (n = 7) of requirements from d 30 – d 130 of gestation. Ewes were euthanized at d 130 of gestation, and fetal measurements and samples were collected. Fetuses are referred to as CON (n = 8 female; n = 8 male) or RES (n = 9 female; n = 5 male), corresponding to their dam’s diet. DNA was extracted from jejunal mucosal scrapings and v4 of 16S was amplified and sequenced to determine microbial diversity. Results Small intestine weight (g/kg BW) in RES-females was 11.5% lighter than CON-females (P=0.04). In the duodenum, villi height (VH; µm) were 20.2% and 21.6% shorter in RES-males relative to CON-males and RES-females (P≤0.04). In the jejunum, VH were 7.9% and 10.6% shorter in RES-males relative to CON-females and RES-females (P≤0.03). In the ileum, VH were 11.5% shorter in CON-males relative to CON-females (P=0.005). A Shannon Index for α-diversity revealed that RES-males have decreased diversity relative to CON-females (P=0.013) and a Bray-Curtis analysis for β-diversity had a main effect of treatment (P=0.04) indicating a difference in species composition. Conclusion Maternal nutrient restriction during gestation influences fetal offspring small intestine development and microbial environment in a sex-specific manner. (Supported by USDA-NIFA 2023-67012-39740)
{"title":"57 Trainee Award: Nutrient restriction during gestation influences fetal small intestine weight, histomorphology, and microbial diversity","authors":"Nicole M Tillquist, Michela A Brown, Santhi P Voggu, Mia Y Kawaida, Kaitlyn M Baran, Samantha B Goulston, Aleena D Kearse, Emily M Llantin, Eric Bae, Timothy E Moore, Sarah A Reed, Kristen E Govoni","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf398.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf398.048","url":null,"abstract":": Introduction Proper development of the small intestinal epithelium and establishment of a diverse microbiome is critical for transport and absorption of nutrients, and gut health, but may be negatively impacted by restricted nutrition during gestation. Objective To determine if maternal nutrient restriction impairs morphological characteristics and microbial community of fetal small intestine, multiparous Dorset ewes pregnant with twins were fed 100% (n = 8) or 60% (n = 7) of requirements from d 30 – d 130 of gestation. Ewes were euthanized at d 130 of gestation, and fetal measurements and samples were collected. Fetuses are referred to as CON (n = 8 female; n = 8 male) or RES (n = 9 female; n = 5 male), corresponding to their dam’s diet. DNA was extracted from jejunal mucosal scrapings and v4 of 16S was amplified and sequenced to determine microbial diversity. Results Small intestine weight (g/kg BW) in RES-females was 11.5% lighter than CON-females (P=0.04). In the duodenum, villi height (VH; µm) were 20.2% and 21.6% shorter in RES-males relative to CON-males and RES-females (P≤0.04). In the jejunum, VH were 7.9% and 10.6% shorter in RES-males relative to CON-females and RES-females (P≤0.03). In the ileum, VH were 11.5% shorter in CON-males relative to CON-females (P=0.005). A Shannon Index for α-diversity revealed that RES-males have decreased diversity relative to CON-females (P=0.013) and a Bray-Curtis analysis for β-diversity had a main effect of treatment (P=0.04) indicating a difference in species composition. Conclusion Maternal nutrient restriction during gestation influences fetal offspring small intestine development and microbial environment in a sex-specific manner. (Supported by USDA-NIFA 2023-67012-39740)","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145847415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kazi Sarjana Safain*, Pauliane Pucetti, Júlia Travassos da Silva, Yssi L Entzie, Jessica G Syring, Ellem Maria De Almeida Matos, Kendall C Swanson
: Introduction Early postnatal nutrition plays a critical role in regulating muscle growth and metabolism. Leucine, a branched-chain amino acid, activates the mTOR signaling pathway and promotes protein synthesis, yet its specific effects on the muscle proteome in neonatal dairy calves remain unclear. Objective To investigate the influence of leucine supplementation in milk replacer (MR) in muscle proteomic profiles at day 28 of treatment. Methods Thirty-five newborn Holstein heifer calves were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: Control (no added amino acids), Leucine-supplemented (5% in MR), and Alanine-supplemented (isonitrogenous to Leucine). Calves received equal MR volumes for 56 days. Muscle biopsies collected on day 28 underwent proteomic analysis using Data-Independent Acquisition (DIA) via Orbitrap Exploris 480, with protein quantification performed using Spectronaut. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment were analyzed with STRING v12.5. Results In the Leucine vs. Control group, 25 proteins were upregulated (P ≤ 0.05), and 15 were upregulated in Leucine vs. Alanine, with enrichment in amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, suggesting enhanced protein synthesis and cell proliferation (FDR ≤ 0.05). Steroid hormone response proteins (dehydroepiandrosterone, estradiol, progesterone) and caseins were enriched in both comparisons (FDR ≤ 0.05), implying a role for hormonal regulation in muscle development. In the leucine-supplemented groups, proteins associated with catabolic processes were downregulated (FDR ≤ 0.05), suggesting a shift towards anabolic metabolism. Conclusion Leucine supplementation promoted an anabolic muscle environment, enhancing proteome remodeling and metabolic efficiency. (Supported by SBARE)
{"title":"48 The impact of leucine supplementation in milk replacer on muscle proteome and metabolism in neonatal dairy calves","authors":"Kazi Sarjana Safain*, Pauliane Pucetti, Júlia Travassos da Silva, Yssi L Entzie, Jessica G Syring, Ellem Maria De Almeida Matos, Kendall C Swanson","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf398.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf398.041","url":null,"abstract":": Introduction Early postnatal nutrition plays a critical role in regulating muscle growth and metabolism. Leucine, a branched-chain amino acid, activates the mTOR signaling pathway and promotes protein synthesis, yet its specific effects on the muscle proteome in neonatal dairy calves remain unclear. Objective To investigate the influence of leucine supplementation in milk replacer (MR) in muscle proteomic profiles at day 28 of treatment. Methods Thirty-five newborn Holstein heifer calves were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: Control (no added amino acids), Leucine-supplemented (5% in MR), and Alanine-supplemented (isonitrogenous to Leucine). Calves received equal MR volumes for 56 days. Muscle biopsies collected on day 28 underwent proteomic analysis using Data-Independent Acquisition (DIA) via Orbitrap Exploris 480, with protein quantification performed using Spectronaut. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment were analyzed with STRING v12.5. Results In the Leucine vs. Control group, 25 proteins were upregulated (P ≤ 0.05), and 15 were upregulated in Leucine vs. Alanine, with enrichment in amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, suggesting enhanced protein synthesis and cell proliferation (FDR ≤ 0.05). Steroid hormone response proteins (dehydroepiandrosterone, estradiol, progesterone) and caseins were enriched in both comparisons (FDR ≤ 0.05), implying a role for hormonal regulation in muscle development. In the leucine-supplemented groups, proteins associated with catabolic processes were downregulated (FDR ≤ 0.05), suggesting a shift towards anabolic metabolism. Conclusion Leucine supplementation promoted an anabolic muscle environment, enhancing proteome remodeling and metabolic efficiency. (Supported by SBARE)","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145847419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lawrence P Reynolds*, Joel S Caton, Carl R Dahlen, Rebecca M Swanson, Kendall C Swanson
Our laboratories study “problems of pregnancy,” which include infertility, poor pregnancy outcomes (often reflected by fetal growth restriction and the accompanying low birthweight), and premature birth. These problems of pregnancy underpin the high incidence of low birthweight in humans (>20 million low-birthweight infants [15 to 18% of all births] per year worldwide); they also contribute to neonatal morbidity and mortality as well as developmental programming of the surviving offspring. Similarly, among livestock in the U.S. low birth weight contributes to high rates of neonatal mortality (≈10% of all births) and developmental programming of the offspring. Although there are consequences for development of many fetal organs, this talk will focus on the placenta because of its critical role in supporting pregnancy establishment, fetal growth and development, and timing of parturition. It also will focus on livestock models, as studies using livestock (e.g., cattle, horses, pigs, and sheep) have led to an improved understanding of mechanisms contributing to poor fertility, poor fetal growth/development, and premature birth. In addition, although the talk will focus primarily on the mechanisms by which maternal nutritional stress contributes to problems of pregnancy, it also will briefly discuss other stressors including multiple fetuses, maternal age, environmental stress, breed/ethnicity, and, especially, assisted reproductive technologies. Lastly, the talk will discuss recent studies focused on strategies designed to overcome the negative consequences of maternal nutritional stress and will conclude with suggestions for future research directions.
{"title":"46 Maternal nutrition and developmental programming – lessons from livestock models","authors":"Lawrence P Reynolds*, Joel S Caton, Carl R Dahlen, Rebecca M Swanson, Kendall C Swanson","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf398.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf398.039","url":null,"abstract":"Our laboratories study “problems of pregnancy,” which include infertility, poor pregnancy outcomes (often reflected by fetal growth restriction and the accompanying low birthweight), and premature birth. These problems of pregnancy underpin the high incidence of low birthweight in humans (>20 million low-birthweight infants [15 to 18% of all births] per year worldwide); they also contribute to neonatal morbidity and mortality as well as developmental programming of the surviving offspring. Similarly, among livestock in the U.S. low birth weight contributes to high rates of neonatal mortality (≈10% of all births) and developmental programming of the offspring. Although there are consequences for development of many fetal organs, this talk will focus on the placenta because of its critical role in supporting pregnancy establishment, fetal growth and development, and timing of parturition. It also will focus on livestock models, as studies using livestock (e.g., cattle, horses, pigs, and sheep) have led to an improved understanding of mechanisms contributing to poor fertility, poor fetal growth/development, and premature birth. In addition, although the talk will focus primarily on the mechanisms by which maternal nutritional stress contributes to problems of pregnancy, it also will briefly discuss other stressors including multiple fetuses, maternal age, environmental stress, breed/ethnicity, and, especially, assisted reproductive technologies. Lastly, the talk will discuss recent studies focused on strategies designed to overcome the negative consequences of maternal nutritional stress and will conclude with suggestions for future research directions.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145847363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kelly L Woodruff, Gwendolynn L Hummel, Hannah C Cunningham-Hollinger*
: Introduction Feed restriction during late gestation in beef cattle is a relevant issue in the inter- mountain west due to the overlap of limited and low-quality feed resources with heightened energy requirements associated with late gestation and early lactation. Little is known how this period of potential restriction may impact the rumen microbiota or the neonatal calf. Objectives The objective of this research was to asses the effects of maternal feed restriction on offspring rumen microbiota. We hypothesize that there will be microbial profile differences between calves born to control fed versus feed restricted cows and that those differences persist through one month of age. Methods Mature cows (n = 30) were provided 100% of intake requirements (CON) or 70% of the intake volume (FR). Restriction began 60d prior to calving and continued through one-month post-parturition. Eight animals from each treatment were randomly selected for sampling. Rumen fluid was collected from the calf at birth (RFd1), d7 (RFd7), and d28 (RFD28) post- parturition. DNA was isolated using a lysis buffer and mechanical bead-beating procedure and purified using the QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit (Qiagen). Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA V4 region was completed on the MiSeq and analyzed with ANCOM-BC plugin within QIIME2. Results At birth, the phylum Fibrobacterota was enriched in FR calves (q = 0.003) where Sumerlaeota was depleted (q = 0.03) compared to CON calves. Desulfobacterota was enriched in FR calves (q = 0.02) and Deferribacterota was depleted (q = 0.01) relative to CON calves at d7. At d 28, the phylum Patescibacteria was depleted (q ≤ 0.001) in FR calves compared to CON calves. Results indicate feed restriction during gestation could influence calf rumen profiles with potential impacts on functions such as degradation of cellulose, sulfur cycling, and utilization of iron. More research is needed to determine if these differences have implications in long-term animal health and performance.
{"title":"64 Late gestation maternal feed restriction alters specific rumen microbiota of the neonatal beef calf","authors":"Kelly L Woodruff, Gwendolynn L Hummel, Hannah C Cunningham-Hollinger*","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf398.054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf398.054","url":null,"abstract":": Introduction Feed restriction during late gestation in beef cattle is a relevant issue in the inter- mountain west due to the overlap of limited and low-quality feed resources with heightened energy requirements associated with late gestation and early lactation. Little is known how this period of potential restriction may impact the rumen microbiota or the neonatal calf. Objectives The objective of this research was to asses the effects of maternal feed restriction on offspring rumen microbiota. We hypothesize that there will be microbial profile differences between calves born to control fed versus feed restricted cows and that those differences persist through one month of age. Methods Mature cows (n = 30) were provided 100% of intake requirements (CON) or 70% of the intake volume (FR). Restriction began 60d prior to calving and continued through one-month post-parturition. Eight animals from each treatment were randomly selected for sampling. Rumen fluid was collected from the calf at birth (RFd1), d7 (RFd7), and d28 (RFD28) post- parturition. DNA was isolated using a lysis buffer and mechanical bead-beating procedure and purified using the QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit (Qiagen). Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA V4 region was completed on the MiSeq and analyzed with ANCOM-BC plugin within QIIME2. Results At birth, the phylum Fibrobacterota was enriched in FR calves (q = 0.003) where Sumerlaeota was depleted (q = 0.03) compared to CON calves. Desulfobacterota was enriched in FR calves (q = 0.02) and Deferribacterota was depleted (q = 0.01) relative to CON calves at d7. At d 28, the phylum Patescibacteria was depleted (q ≤ 0.001) in FR calves compared to CON calves. Results indicate feed restriction during gestation could influence calf rumen profiles with potential impacts on functions such as degradation of cellulose, sulfur cycling, and utilization of iron. More research is needed to determine if these differences have implications in long-term animal health and performance.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145847507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The role of the placenta in delivering nutrients and oxygen to the fetus in order to support growth and development is well established. How these processes are regulated and how resulting placental functional changes contribute pregnancy pathology remains unclear. Pregnancy complications and pre-term birth are recognized as major contributors to life-long health risk. The placenta communicates to maternal organs and we have shown that placental exosomes are one factor modulating maternal insulin sensitivity. Maternal factors, such as adipokines, hormones and nutrients are critical signals to the placenta and modulate its’ growth and function. In obese mouse pregnancies, improving adiponectin levels was sufficient to restore appropriate placental function, fetal growth was normalized and long-term health of offspring dramatically improved. Using a mouse model of placental specific gene manipulation, we have reduced expression of placental nutrient transporters to demonstrate that specific nutrients such as essential amino acids and long chain poly unsaturated fatty acids play critical roles in overall fetal growth and brain development. Additionally, we have recently shown that the placenta releases factors that are likely involved in fetal angiogenesis, neurogenesis, lung, liver and pancreatic function. We have developed a working model in prematurely born guinea pig pups to demonstrate that placental factors are critical for successful fetal organ development. This opens up a potential therapeutic target for infants born early and have lost the contribution of the placenta. The presentation will focus on the importance of cross talk of mother- placenta- fetus for healthy outcomes at birth and life-long health.
{"title":"43 Maternal-placental-fetal cross communication: impact on pregnancy outcomes and life-long health","authors":"Theresa Powell*","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf398.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf398.036","url":null,"abstract":"The role of the placenta in delivering nutrients and oxygen to the fetus in order to support growth and development is well established. How these processes are regulated and how resulting placental functional changes contribute pregnancy pathology remains unclear. Pregnancy complications and pre-term birth are recognized as major contributors to life-long health risk. The placenta communicates to maternal organs and we have shown that placental exosomes are one factor modulating maternal insulin sensitivity. Maternal factors, such as adipokines, hormones and nutrients are critical signals to the placenta and modulate its’ growth and function. In obese mouse pregnancies, improving adiponectin levels was sufficient to restore appropriate placental function, fetal growth was normalized and long-term health of offspring dramatically improved. Using a mouse model of placental specific gene manipulation, we have reduced expression of placental nutrient transporters to demonstrate that specific nutrients such as essential amino acids and long chain poly unsaturated fatty acids play critical roles in overall fetal growth and brain development. Additionally, we have recently shown that the placenta releases factors that are likely involved in fetal angiogenesis, neurogenesis, lung, liver and pancreatic function. We have developed a working model in prematurely born guinea pig pups to demonstrate that placental factors are critical for successful fetal organ development. This opens up a potential therapeutic target for infants born early and have lost the contribution of the placenta. The presentation will focus on the importance of cross talk of mother- placenta- fetus for healthy outcomes at birth and life-long health.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145847421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acetaminophen exposures in the perinatal period are ubiquitous. In addition to being the most commonly used drug during pregnancy, clinicians have increasingly prescribed acetaminophen (APAP) for patients in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Acetaminophen has been shown to reduce post-operative opiate burden and may provide similar efficacy for closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, while APAP exposures have spread to a highly vulnerable population of increasingly less mature infants, robust pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data for APAP are lacking. Concerningly, preclinical studies suggest that perinatal APAP exposures may result in unanticipated adverse effects that are unique to the developing lung. I will discuss the clinical observations linking APAP exposures to adverse respiratory outcomes and the preclinical data demonstrating a developmental susceptibility to APAP-induced lung injury. I will discuss how clinical observations linking perinatal APAP exposures to pulmonary injury have been taken to the bench to produce important insights into the potential mechanisms underlying these findings.
{"title":"65 Is the developing lung susceptible to acetaminophen toxicity?","authors":"Clyde J Wright*","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf398.055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf398.055","url":null,"abstract":"Acetaminophen exposures in the perinatal period are ubiquitous. In addition to being the most commonly used drug during pregnancy, clinicians have increasingly prescribed acetaminophen (APAP) for patients in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Acetaminophen has been shown to reduce post-operative opiate burden and may provide similar efficacy for closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, while APAP exposures have spread to a highly vulnerable population of increasingly less mature infants, robust pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data for APAP are lacking. Concerningly, preclinical studies suggest that perinatal APAP exposures may result in unanticipated adverse effects that are unique to the developing lung. I will discuss the clinical observations linking APAP exposures to adverse respiratory outcomes and the preclinical data demonstrating a developmental susceptibility to APAP-induced lung injury. I will discuss how clinical observations linking perinatal APAP exposures to pulmonary injury have been taken to the bench to produce important insights into the potential mechanisms underlying these findings.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145847375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chutikun Kanjanaruch*, Bethania J Davila Ruiz, Pawel P Borowicz, Carl R Dahlen, Lawrence P Reynolds
Infertility is a major barrier to reproductive efficiency in livestock. Early pregnancy is a critical window for placental vascular development, which is essential for embryonic survival and fetal growth. This study evaluated the individual and combined effects of embryo and ewe breed on pregnancy establishment and placental vascularization in sheep. A total of 85 embryo transfers (ET) were performed using straight-bred and reciprocal combinations of Rambouillet (Rambo) and Romanov (Romo) ewes. Pregnancy was assessed on day 24 of gestation. Straight-bred groups showed the greatest pregnancy rates: Rambo × Rambo (31.3%) and Romo × Romo (26.7%). The reciprocal Rambo × Romo group had the lowest pregnancy rate (11.8%), while Romo × Rambo was intermediate (22.7%), indicating a tendency for breed-dependent effects (P=0.10). To assess vascular development, uterine cross-sections were collected at slaughter on day 25 and stained with CD31 and CD34 to quantify capillary area density (CAD) and capillary number density (CND) in the caruncle (CAR), fetal membrane (FM), and inter-caruncular (ICAR) regions. compared to the other groups, Rambo × Romo had increased CAD in CAR and ICAR regions (P<0.01), while Romo × Romo had reduced CND in CAR (P<0.05), indicating differences in vascular development due to embryo and ewe breed. These vascular differences may underlie reduced pregnancy success after ET. This study highlights a link between fertility and early placental vascularization, offering insight into mechanisms impacting pregnancy maintenance. Understanding these effects could lead to breeding strategies to improve reproductive outcomes in sheep.
{"title":"26 Embryo transfer outcomes and placental vascular development in sheep: breed interactions","authors":"Chutikun Kanjanaruch*, Bethania J Davila Ruiz, Pawel P Borowicz, Carl R Dahlen, Lawrence P Reynolds","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf398.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf398.020","url":null,"abstract":"Infertility is a major barrier to reproductive efficiency in livestock. Early pregnancy is a critical window for placental vascular development, which is essential for embryonic survival and fetal growth. This study evaluated the individual and combined effects of embryo and ewe breed on pregnancy establishment and placental vascularization in sheep. A total of 85 embryo transfers (ET) were performed using straight-bred and reciprocal combinations of Rambouillet (Rambo) and Romanov (Romo) ewes. Pregnancy was assessed on day 24 of gestation. Straight-bred groups showed the greatest pregnancy rates: Rambo × Rambo (31.3%) and Romo × Romo (26.7%). The reciprocal Rambo × Romo group had the lowest pregnancy rate (11.8%), while Romo × Rambo was intermediate (22.7%), indicating a tendency for breed-dependent effects (P=0.10). To assess vascular development, uterine cross-sections were collected at slaughter on day 25 and stained with CD31 and CD34 to quantify capillary area density (CAD) and capillary number density (CND) in the caruncle (CAR), fetal membrane (FM), and inter-caruncular (ICAR) regions. compared to the other groups, Rambo × Romo had increased CAD in CAR and ICAR regions (P&lt;0.01), while Romo × Romo had reduced CND in CAR (P&lt;0.05), indicating differences in vascular development due to embryo and ewe breed. These vascular differences may underlie reduced pregnancy success after ET. This study highlights a link between fertility and early placental vascularization, offering insight into mechanisms impacting pregnancy maintenance. Understanding these effects could lead to breeding strategies to improve reproductive outcomes in sheep.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145847379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poultry farming increasingly seek effective antibiotic alternatives to maintain intestinal health and prevent inflammation, making the identification of safe and functional plant-derived additives of great importance. This study investigated the potential of catechu powder (CP), a polyphenol-rich plant extract, as an antibiotic alternative to modulate intestinal inflammation, barrier function and antioxidant capacity in broiler chickens. One hundred one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to either a control or CP supplemented group (1,000 mg/kg), with five replicates of 10 birds each. After the feeding trial reached day 27, growth performance was assessed as scheduled. On day 29, two birds per replicate were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg BW), while two others received saline. Samples were collected 3 h post-injection for further analyses. The experimental setup was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangements and the interactions between CP and LPS challenge were evaluated, and significant interactions were separated using Tukey’s test. The results demonstrated significant interactions (P < 0.05) between dietary CP treatment and LPS challenge with respect to inflammatory response, oxidative stress status, jejunal histomorphology and jejunal barrier functions. Specifically, under LPS challenge, broiler chickens fed a CP-supplemented diet attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory by downregulating gene expressions of duodenal interferon-γ (IFN-γ) by 37% and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by 31%, jejunal IFN-γ by 24%, and serum interleukin-8 (IL-8) by 70% and TNF-α by 78% (P < 0.05). Additionally, under LPS challenge, broiler chickens fed a CP-supplemented diet mitigated LPS-induced oxidative stress by reducing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by 53% and malondialdehyde (MDA) by 30% in the serum, duodenal H2O2 by 54%, and jejunal MDA by 39% (P < 0.05). Furthermore, under LPS challenge, broiler chickens fed a CP-supplemented diet restored intestinal barrier integrity by increasing jejunal villus height by 24% and upregulating gene expressions of jejunal Claudin1 by 52% and Mucin2 by 123% (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary CP effectively alleviated LPS-induced immunological stress and intestinal injury in broiler chickens by suppressing inflammatory responses and oxidative damage, thereby supporting its potential as a functional feed additive and a potential candidate for antibiotic replacement.
{"title":"Dietary catechu powder enhances intestinal resilience against lipopolysaccharide stimulation in broilers","authors":"Jiakun Yan, Qimeng Shi, Luqi Wang, Tingli Liu, Peng Li, Binying Ding, Yongqing Hou, Shuangshuang Guo","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf456","url":null,"abstract":"Poultry farming increasingly seek effective antibiotic alternatives to maintain intestinal health and prevent inflammation, making the identification of safe and functional plant-derived additives of great importance. This study investigated the potential of catechu powder (CP), a polyphenol-rich plant extract, as an antibiotic alternative to modulate intestinal inflammation, barrier function and antioxidant capacity in broiler chickens. One hundred one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to either a control or CP supplemented group (1,000 mg/kg), with five replicates of 10 birds each. After the feeding trial reached day 27, growth performance was assessed as scheduled. On day 29, two birds per replicate were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg BW), while two others received saline. Samples were collected 3 h post-injection for further analyses. The experimental setup was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangements and the interactions between CP and LPS challenge were evaluated, and significant interactions were separated using Tukey’s test. The results demonstrated significant interactions (P &lt; 0.05) between dietary CP treatment and LPS challenge with respect to inflammatory response, oxidative stress status, jejunal histomorphology and jejunal barrier functions. Specifically, under LPS challenge, broiler chickens fed a CP-supplemented diet attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory by downregulating gene expressions of duodenal interferon-γ (IFN-γ) by 37% and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by 31%, jejunal IFN-γ by 24%, and serum interleukin-8 (IL-8) by 70% and TNF-α by 78% (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, under LPS challenge, broiler chickens fed a CP-supplemented diet mitigated LPS-induced oxidative stress by reducing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by 53% and malondialdehyde (MDA) by 30% in the serum, duodenal H2O2 by 54%, and jejunal MDA by 39% (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, under LPS challenge, broiler chickens fed a CP-supplemented diet restored intestinal barrier integrity by increasing jejunal villus height by 24% and upregulating gene expressions of jejunal Claudin1 by 52% and Mucin2 by 123% (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, dietary CP effectively alleviated LPS-induced immunological stress and intestinal injury in broiler chickens by suppressing inflammatory responses and oxidative damage, thereby supporting its potential as a functional feed additive and a potential candidate for antibiotic replacement.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145847422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ashley K Schilling-Hazlett, Kimberly R Stackhouse-Lawson, Tony C Bryant, Sara E Place, John P Ritten, Juan J Vargas, Irene A Reis, Edilane C Martins, Maya A Swenson, Erin N Burke, Rhyse K Campion, Cesar Velasquez, Anna M Shadbolt, Pedro H V Carvalho
Lay Summary Growth performance and gas flux in winter conditions were determined for Bos taurus indicus (BI; Brahman) and Bos taurus taurus (BT; Angus) steers managed with (GPT+) and without (GPT-) the use of growth-promoting technology (GPT). During the first 84 d, despite BI having heavier initial body weight (IBW), BT had greater dry matter intake (DMI), feed efficiency (G: F), and average daily gain (ADG), corresponding to greater final body weight (FBW). Also, GPT increased ADG, G: F, and FBW. During the last 96 d of the experimental period, growth performance observations were consistent with the first 84 d, but demonstrated that the effect of GPT use differed by cattle sub-species for DMI on a total daily and percentage of BW basis, as well as for G: F. More USDA Choice and Prime quality grades were observed for BT than BI. Furthermore, BI steers emitted less methane (CH4) per day; however, when expressing CH4 per unit of DMI, ADG, or as a proportion of gross energy intake, BT steers had a marked advantage. The present study suggests that BT steers exhibited greater growth performance and carcass quality, but observations differed by cattle sub-species in regard to CH4 emissions.
{"title":"Evaluation of cattle Sub-species and growth-promoting technology on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and enteric gas flux of steers finished in winter feedlot conditions","authors":"ashley K Schilling-Hazlett, Kimberly R Stackhouse-Lawson, Tony C Bryant, Sara E Place, John P Ritten, Juan J Vargas, Irene A Reis, Edilane C Martins, Maya A Swenson, Erin N Burke, Rhyse K Campion, Cesar Velasquez, Anna M Shadbolt, Pedro H V Carvalho","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf448","url":null,"abstract":"Lay Summary Growth performance and gas flux in winter conditions were determined for Bos taurus indicus (BI; Brahman) and Bos taurus taurus (BT; Angus) steers managed with (GPT+) and without (GPT-) the use of growth-promoting technology (GPT). During the first 84 d, despite BI having heavier initial body weight (IBW), BT had greater dry matter intake (DMI), feed efficiency (G: F), and average daily gain (ADG), corresponding to greater final body weight (FBW). Also, GPT increased ADG, G: F, and FBW. During the last 96 d of the experimental period, growth performance observations were consistent with the first 84 d, but demonstrated that the effect of GPT use differed by cattle sub-species for DMI on a total daily and percentage of BW basis, as well as for G: F. More USDA Choice and Prime quality grades were observed for BT than BI. Furthermore, BI steers emitted less methane (CH4) per day; however, when expressing CH4 per unit of DMI, ADG, or as a proportion of gross energy intake, BT steers had a marked advantage. The present study suggests that BT steers exhibited greater growth performance and carcass quality, but observations differed by cattle sub-species in regard to CH4 emissions.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"181 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145847508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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