Pub Date : 2024-04-25DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i5689
Diamond Tamunokuro, Christian Emeka Amadi
Background: Trauma is a significant contributor to morbidity, disabilities, loss of man hours and mortality in both the developed and developing world with 90% of global trauma deaths occurring in low and middle income countries. The extent of motor vehicular use, degree of adherence to use of safety gadgets, strength of enforcement of industrial safety regulations, level of civil unrest as well as other socio-demographic indices predict the contribution of various etiologic factors. Deaths from the trauma may perhaps have far more psychologic and physical impact on families that from acute/chronic medical cases Method: A retrospective study of the admission records and in-patient records of all trauma related deaths in the accident and emergency unit of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2022 was done. Relevant information was extracted and analyzed. Data obtained was analyzed descriptively. Results were presented in tables and charts where necessary. Means and standard deviations were used to represent certain variables. Results: Total emergencies (medical and surgical) seen within the study period were 42,443, total injuries seen were 10,787 giving a crude injury prevalence rate of 25.4%. There were a total of 766 deaths among injured patients giving a crude mortality rate of 7.1%. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) (46.3%) and Firearm injuries (23.5%) were the most common injury mechanisms seen. Traumatic brain injuries are by far the leading cause of trauma-related deaths in the ER (82.5%) with most deaths (96.1%) occurring within the first 72hours of Admission. Conclusion: Trauma-related deaths occur in 7.1% of all injuries presenting at the study sight. The most common mechanism is RTA while the most affected victim is the young adult male. Traumatic brain injury accounts for more deaths than all others combined with most of the deaths occurring within the first 72hours of presentation. All efforts at reducing these injuries should be encouraged.
{"title":"Trauma-Related Deaths in the Accident and Emergency Department of a Nigerian Teaching Hospital","authors":"Diamond Tamunokuro, Christian Emeka Amadi","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i5689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i5689","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Trauma is a significant contributor to morbidity, disabilities, loss of man hours and mortality in both the developed and developing world with 90% of global trauma deaths occurring in low and middle income countries. The extent of motor vehicular use, degree of adherence to use of safety gadgets, strength of enforcement of industrial safety regulations, level of civil unrest as well as other socio-demographic indices predict the contribution of various etiologic factors. Deaths from the trauma may perhaps have far more psychologic and physical impact on families that from acute/chronic medical cases\u0000Method: A retrospective study of the admission records and in-patient records of all trauma related deaths in the accident and emergency unit of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2022 was done. Relevant information was extracted and analyzed. Data obtained was analyzed descriptively. Results were presented in tables and charts where necessary. Means and standard deviations were used to represent certain variables.\u0000Results: Total emergencies (medical and surgical) seen within the study period were 42,443, total injuries seen were 10,787 giving a crude injury prevalence rate of 25.4%. There were a total of 766 deaths among injured patients giving a crude mortality rate of 7.1%. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) (46.3%) and Firearm injuries (23.5%) were the most common injury mechanisms seen. Traumatic brain injuries are by far the leading cause of trauma-related deaths in the ER (82.5%) with most deaths (96.1%) occurring within the first 72hours of Admission.\u0000Conclusion: Trauma-related deaths occur in 7.1% of all injuries presenting at the study sight. The most common mechanism is RTA while the most affected victim is the young adult male. Traumatic brain injury accounts for more deaths than all others combined with most of the deaths occurring within the first 72hours of presentation. All efforts at reducing these injuries should be encouraged.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"10 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140658375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i5688
A. Quartey, Samuel Korsah, J. Apenteng, N. N. Nortey, Miriam Tagoe, D. Mintah, Akua Frema Barfour, F. Owusu, Derrick Boateng Kontoh
Introduction: The aim of this current research is to ascertain the antimicrobial and wound healing properties of the leaves of Anchomanes difformis (Araceae). Methods: Powdered leaves were extracted by cold maceration with 96.4% ethanol. Phytochemical analysis was carried on both powdered leaves and the extract to determine the presence of some secondary plant metabolites. Agar well diffusion method was used to determine the zone of inhibition on some microorganisms that infect wounds and the MIC of the extract was determined. Excision wound model was used for the wound healing analysis in Wister albino rats. Results: Tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenols were detected in both the powdered leaves and the extract. Glycoside was detected in the powdered leaves however, not detected in the extract. The A. difformis extract demonstrated antimicrobial activity with MICs of >20mg/ml, 10mg/ml, 1.25mg/mL, 0.2679mg/mL for Klebsiella pneumonia, Staph. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa respectively. Percentage wound healing contractions of 83.51%, 90.79%, 94.66% and 98.65% were recorded for 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 15% concentrations of A. difformis extracts respectively. Conclusion: From the result above, A. difformis has shown to have antimicrobial and wound healing properties. The study provides justification for the plant’s traditional usage to treat infections and wounds.
{"title":"A Study of the Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Activities of the Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Anchomanes difformis (Blume) Engl. Pallidus","authors":"A. Quartey, Samuel Korsah, J. Apenteng, N. N. Nortey, Miriam Tagoe, D. Mintah, Akua Frema Barfour, F. Owusu, Derrick Boateng Kontoh","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i5688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i5688","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of this current research is to ascertain the antimicrobial and wound healing properties of the leaves of Anchomanes difformis (Araceae).\u0000Methods: Powdered leaves were extracted by cold maceration with 96.4% ethanol. Phytochemical analysis was carried on both powdered leaves and the extract to determine the presence of some secondary plant metabolites. Agar well diffusion method was used to determine the zone of inhibition on some microorganisms that infect wounds and the MIC of the extract was determined. Excision wound model was used for the wound healing analysis in Wister albino rats.\u0000Results: Tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenols were detected in both the powdered leaves and the extract. Glycoside was detected in the powdered leaves however, not detected in the extract. The A. difformis extract demonstrated antimicrobial activity with MICs of >20mg/ml, 10mg/ml, 1.25mg/mL, 0.2679mg/mL for Klebsiella pneumonia, Staph. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa respectively. Percentage wound healing contractions of 83.51%, 90.79%, 94.66% and 98.65% were recorded for 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 15% concentrations of A. difformis extracts respectively.\u0000Conclusion: From the result above, A. difformis has shown to have antimicrobial and wound healing properties. The study provides justification for the plant’s traditional usage to treat infections and wounds.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140688666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Traumatic brain injury is an injury that causes anatomical or functional damage to the cranium, meninges and the brain. It is a major health challenge that causes increased mortality among trauma patients. This creates the serious need to find ways of elucidating the seriousness and prognostic possibility of every head injury patients. This study will help classify the patients in such a way as to affect management and also predict outcome early in the treatment of patients with traumatic head injury. Aim of the Study: Aim of this study is to correlate the clinical assessment of head injury patients with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and CT findings as classified with Rotterdam scoring system. Subjects and Methods: This prospective study of 170 patients with head injury presenting for CT scan, was carried out from October, 2017 to September, 2019, in the Radiology department of the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi. All stable patients that were referred for head CT within this period were included in the study. Prior to the commencement of the study, informed consent, relevant clinical history and necessary physical examination are usually carried out on the patient or obtained from the care giver to ascertain the level of consciousness by Glasgow coma scale. The GCS grading used was as follows; a score of 3 - 8 (severe head injury), 9 - 12 (moderate head injury) and 13 - 15 (mild head injury). Patients were scanned using a 4 slice/gantry rotation capacity CT (General Electric (GE), HANGWEI MEDICAL SYSTEMS CO. LTD. Data obtained from the study pro-forma and the cranial CT findings of subjects, was entered and analysed using IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), version 20.0. Armonk, NY, U.S.A, 2011. Results: A total of 170 patients were involved in the study which showed a high prevalence of traumatic head injury. More males were involved than females and the predominant age in the study is 21-30. There was a significant correlation between the GCS and the Rotterdam scoring system. Discussion: The findings that more males and the younger age group are more involved and that the Rotterdam scores are good indicators of the outcome are similar to the findings in other studies. Conclusion: This study showed that Rotterdam CT score system is a good prognostic tool in patients with traumatic brain injury.
背景：创伤性脑损伤是一种对颅骨、脑膜和大脑造成解剖学或功能性损伤的损伤。它是一项重大的健康挑战，会导致创伤患者的死亡率上升。因此，亟需找到方法来阐明每一位颅脑损伤患者的严重程度和预后可能性。这项研究将有助于对患者进行分类，从而影响对头部外伤患者的管理，并在治疗的早期预测结果：本研究的目的是将颅脑损伤患者的临床评估与格拉斯哥昏迷量表（GCS）和根据鹿特丹评分系统分类的 CT 结果相关联：这项前瞻性研究于2017年10月至2019年9月期间在位于Nnewi的纳姆迪-阿齐基韦大学教学医院（NAUTH）放射科进行，对象是170名前来进行CT扫描的头部受伤患者。研究开始前，通常会对患者进行知情同意、相关临床病史和必要的体格检查，或从护理人员处获得相关信息，以通过格拉斯哥昏迷量表确定患者的意识水平。GCS 分级如下：3-8 分（重度头部损伤）、9-12 分（中度头部损伤）和 13-15 分（轻度头部损伤）。患者使用 4 片/龙门旋转能力 CT（通用电气（GE），HANGWEI MEDICAL SYSTEMS CO.从研究表格和受试者头颅 CT 检查结果中获得的数据使用 IBM SPSS（社会科学统计软件包）20.0 版进行输入和分析。结果：研究共涉及 170 名患者，显示出头部外伤的高发病率。男性患者多于女性患者，年龄主要集中在 21-30 岁。GCS 与鹿特丹评分系统之间存在明显的相关性：讨论：研究结果表明，更多男性和更年轻的年龄组更容易受累，鹿特丹评分是预后的良好指标，这与其他研究结果相似：本研究表明，鹿特丹 CT 评分系统是脑外伤患者预后的良好工具。
{"title":"Correlation of Glasgow Coma Scale with Head Computed Tomographic Findings in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury in a Tertiary Hospital in Nnewi","authors":"Obieje Kg, Aronu Me, Nwosu Cs, Obasikene Cn, Udobi Si, Eze Kc","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i5687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i5687","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Traumatic brain injury is an injury that causes anatomical or functional damage to the cranium, meninges and the brain. It is a major health challenge that causes increased mortality among trauma patients. This creates the serious need to find ways of elucidating the seriousness and prognostic possibility of every head injury patients. This study will help classify the patients in such a way as to affect management and also predict outcome early in the treatment of patients with traumatic head injury.\u0000Aim of the Study: Aim of this study is to correlate the clinical assessment of head injury patients with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and CT findings as classified with Rotterdam scoring system.\u0000Subjects and Methods: This prospective study of 170 patients with head injury presenting for CT scan, was carried out from October, 2017 to September, 2019, in the Radiology department of the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi. All stable patients that were referred for head CT within this period were included in the study.\u0000Prior to the commencement of the study, informed consent, relevant clinical history and necessary physical examination are usually carried out on the patient or obtained from the care giver to ascertain the level of consciousness by Glasgow coma scale. The GCS grading used was as follows; a score of 3 - 8 (severe head injury), 9 - 12 (moderate head injury) and 13 - 15 (mild head injury). Patients were scanned using a 4 slice/gantry rotation capacity CT (General Electric (GE), HANGWEI MEDICAL SYSTEMS CO. LTD.\u0000Data obtained from the study pro-forma and the cranial CT findings of subjects, was entered and analysed using IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), version 20.0. Armonk, NY, U.S.A, 2011.\u0000Results: A total of 170 patients were involved in the study which showed a high prevalence of traumatic head injury. More males were involved than females and the predominant age in the study is 21-30. There was a significant correlation between the GCS and the Rotterdam scoring system.\u0000Discussion: The findings that more males and the younger age group are more involved and that the Rotterdam scores are good indicators of the outcome are similar to the findings in other studies.\u0000Conclusion: This study showed that Rotterdam CT score system is a good prognostic tool in patients with traumatic brain injury.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140702606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i5686
D. C. Alain, Michaela Josée Meli, Evrard Kepgang, Gile Loïc Kongne Choupo, Bobby Stéphane Siewe Ngandjui, Roddy Yvain Saha
Context: Reproductive health encompasses people’s freedom and ability to procreate and have a sexual life that is not only safe but also satisfying. Identifying factors related to the under-utilization of reproductive health services among young girls could help reduce the incidence of reproductive health problems affecting them. Methods: This was a cross sectional study carried out from January to July 2022 among the female students aged 24years and below of the University of Dschang’s main campus. The sampling method was proportionate stratified sampling. Categorical and continuous variables were expressed as frequencies and means respectively. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Results: A total of 395 participants were recruited, with a mean age of 20.6 years and a reported high level of knowledge about reproductive health at 88.9%. Furthermore, 56.2% of the respondents were already sexually active, with the average age at first sex being 18.8 years. However, 30.6% of the participants had made use of reproductive health services. Being aged 21-22 years and being of a religion other than Christianity were some of the predictors of the participants' knowledge and practices towards reproductive health services. Conclusion: This study highlights the low use of reproductive health services among female students and provides new grounds for implementing interventions that will not only improve their reproductive health status but will also be culturally appropriate.
{"title":"Exploring Reproductive Health Knowledge and Practices of Female Students under 24 Years: A Study at the University of Dschang Main Campus","authors":"D. C. Alain, Michaela Josée Meli, Evrard Kepgang, Gile Loïc Kongne Choupo, Bobby Stéphane Siewe Ngandjui, Roddy Yvain Saha","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i5686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i5686","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Reproductive health encompasses people’s freedom and ability to procreate and have a sexual life that is not only safe but also satisfying. Identifying factors related to the under-utilization of reproductive health services among young girls could help reduce the incidence of reproductive health problems affecting them.\u0000Methods: This was a cross sectional study carried out from January to July 2022 among the female students aged 24years and below of the University of Dschang’s main campus. The sampling method was proportionate stratified sampling. Categorical and continuous variables were expressed as frequencies and means respectively. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between dependent and independent variables.\u0000Results: A total of 395 participants were recruited, with a mean age of 20.6 years and a reported high level of knowledge about reproductive health at 88.9%. Furthermore, 56.2% of the respondents were already sexually active, with the average age at first sex being 18.8 years. However, 30.6% of the participants had made use of reproductive health services. Being aged 21-22 years and being of a religion other than Christianity were some of the predictors of the participants' knowledge and practices towards reproductive health services.\u0000Conclusion: This study highlights the low use of reproductive health services among female students and provides new grounds for implementing interventions that will not only improve their reproductive health status but will also be culturally appropriate.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"140 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140755042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i5685
H. A. Khaqan, L. Hassan, Hafiz Ateeq ur Rehman, Aamna Jabran, Nabeel Akram, A. Fauzan
The aim of this single-center, comparative, interventional case study is to elaborate a method to plug the 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy sclerotomy using a human amniotic membrane in the eyes having internal tamponade of silicone oil. This study was conducted on 75 eyes of 75 patients who underwent 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with tamponade of silicone oil. Patients were divided into three groups based on sclerotomy closure. Group A consisted of 25 eyes in which the sclerotomy was closed with a human amniotic membrane, Group B consisted of 25 eyes in which the sclerotomy was closed with sutures, and Group C consisted of 25 eyes in which neither sutures nor human amniotic membrane were used. Patients were monitored for a total of six months. Hypotony and subconjunctival silicone oil were not seen in Group A. 12% of those in Group B had subconjunctival silicone oil leaks, but none had hypotonia. On the first postoperative day in Group C, 28% displayed subconjunctival silicone oil, and 16% displayed hypotonia. Further manipulation was required for these four hypotonus eyes; two required the use of sutures, and the other two required the use of a human amniotic membrane. We came to the conclusion that silicone oil tamponade with a human amniotic membrane plug appears to be a promising method for closing the vitrectomy sclerotomy in the eyes.
{"title":"Human Amniotic Membrane Graft Plug for Sclerotomy Closure of 23-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy in Eyes with Silicone Oil Tamponade","authors":"H. A. Khaqan, L. Hassan, Hafiz Ateeq ur Rehman, Aamna Jabran, Nabeel Akram, A. Fauzan","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i5685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i5685","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this single-center, comparative, interventional case study is to elaborate a method to plug the 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy sclerotomy using a human amniotic membrane in the eyes having internal tamponade of silicone oil. This study was conducted on 75 eyes of 75 patients who underwent 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with tamponade of silicone oil. Patients were divided into three groups based on sclerotomy closure. Group A consisted of 25 eyes in which the sclerotomy was closed with a human amniotic membrane, Group B consisted of 25 eyes in which the sclerotomy was closed with sutures, and Group C consisted of 25 eyes in which neither sutures nor human amniotic membrane were used. Patients were monitored for a total of six months. Hypotony and subconjunctival silicone oil were not seen in Group A. 12% of those in Group B had subconjunctival silicone oil leaks, but none had hypotonia. On the first postoperative day in Group C, 28% displayed subconjunctival silicone oil, and 16% displayed hypotonia. Further manipulation was required for these four hypotonus eyes; two required the use of sutures, and the other two required the use of a human amniotic membrane. We came to the conclusion that silicone oil tamponade with a human amniotic membrane plug appears to be a promising method for closing the vitrectomy sclerotomy in the eyes.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"27 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140753482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i5684
Offiong A. A., Nzomiwu D. C., Onyima S. C., Bassey B. O., Udemba T. J., Nsodukwa C. O., Iheonu U. C.
Background: Aesthetic surgery though growing at an exponential rate in developed countries is still not well developed in Nigeria. Though lately, there has been an increasing demand for cosmetic procedures in Nigeria but still, the practice is still slow growing. Objective: Few reports of the scope of aesthetic surgery are available from the sub region and Nigeria as a whole. In this study we seek to determine the aesthetic procedures and its indications in our centre, a sub urban teaching hospital in Irrua, Edo State, Southern Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective study of all aesthetic surgery cases carried out over a 5-year period – Jan 2019 to December 2023 at Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital. Data from theatre records and case notes were analysed with respect to age, sex, procedure and indications for surgery done. Descriptive analysis of variables, means and percentages were considered. Results: In the period of study, 1,066 plastic surgery procedures were documented: 34 (3.19%) were for aesthetic indications. Sixteen of the patients (47.1%) were male and 18 (52.9%) female. Age range of patients that had aesthetic surgery was 1 - 60 years and the mean age was 24.1 + 18.08 years. The commonest aesthetic procedure was cleft repair 14 (41.17%) following cleft lip/palate, the rest were scar revisions 6 (17.65%) with the commonest indication being unsightly scar, otoplasties 5 (14.70%) following traumatic injury to the ear, liposuction 3 (8.82%) indicated by lipodystrophy, rhinoplasties 3 (8.82%) post traumatic injury to the nose, mammoplasties 2 (5.88%) which were done post mastectomy, and one (2.94%) cranioplasty following gun-shot orbital injury. Conclusion: There is paucity in the volume of cosmetic procedures in Irrua and the pattern of requests here differs in many respects from western centres. With the current reduced pool of aesthetic surgery, it is advisable to establish an aesthetic surgery sub-unit in most tertiary institutions. This sub-unit should be fully functional including special clinic days, as this could help attract future clients and develop this branch of Plastic Surgery.
{"title":"Aesthetic Surgery & the Indications at A Sub-Urban Tertiary Hospital in Edo State, Nigeria","authors":"Offiong A. A., Nzomiwu D. C., Onyima S. C., Bassey B. O., Udemba T. J., Nsodukwa C. O., Iheonu U. C.","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i5684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i5684","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aesthetic surgery though growing at an exponential rate in developed countries is still not well developed in Nigeria. Though lately, there has been an increasing demand for cosmetic procedures in Nigeria but still, the practice is still slow growing.\u0000Objective: Few reports of the scope of aesthetic surgery are available from the sub region and Nigeria as a whole. In this study we seek to determine the aesthetic procedures and its indications in our centre, a sub urban teaching hospital in Irrua, Edo State, Southern Nigeria.\u0000Methods: A retrospective study of all aesthetic surgery cases carried out over a 5-year period – Jan 2019 to December 2023 at Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital. Data from theatre records and case notes were analysed with respect to age, sex, procedure and indications for surgery done. Descriptive analysis of variables, means and percentages were considered.\u0000Results: In the period of study, 1,066 plastic surgery procedures were documented: 34 (3.19%) were for aesthetic indications. Sixteen of the patients (47.1%) were male and 18 (52.9%) female. Age range of patients that had aesthetic surgery was 1 - 60 years and the mean age was 24.1 + 18.08 years. The commonest aesthetic procedure was cleft repair 14 (41.17%) following cleft lip/palate, the rest were scar revisions 6 (17.65%) with the commonest indication being unsightly scar, otoplasties 5 (14.70%) following traumatic injury to the ear, liposuction 3 (8.82%) indicated by lipodystrophy, rhinoplasties 3 (8.82%) post traumatic injury to the nose, mammoplasties 2 (5.88%) which were done post mastectomy, and one (2.94%) cranioplasty following gun-shot orbital injury.\u0000Conclusion: There is paucity in the volume of cosmetic procedures in Irrua and the pattern of requests here differs in many respects from western centres. With the current reduced pool of aesthetic surgery, it is advisable to establish an aesthetic surgery sub-unit in most tertiary institutions. This sub-unit should be fully functional including special clinic days, as this could help attract future clients and develop this branch of Plastic Surgery.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"10 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140361274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-23DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i5683
M. Al-Kamarany, Mohammed AL Madani, Hussien Kadi, Salah Musfer, Zain Alabdin AL Sharma, Rashad Al Salhi, Nabil Albasir
Background: The symptoms and signs of coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) present at illness onset vary, but over the course of the disease, most persons with COVID-19 will experience the following: fever , cough, fatigue, anorexia, shortness of breath, hypoxia, sputum production, and myalgia . During the first year (2020), there was no effective cure for COVID-19 infection and the most common treatment for patients was supportive therapy. Ministry of Public Health and Population in Yemen presented national guideline that is extracted from other countries and World Health Organization (WHO). Objective: Therefore, in this research, we discuss the pharmacological and therapeutic approaches for management of COVID-19 during its early period of rampage, using availability of medicines in Yemeni local pharmaceutical marketing. On the other hand, the efficacy of therapeutic was monitored. Methodology: 505 patients with COVID-19 from Hodeidah showed that respiratory infection illness can range from mild to critical. Mild to moderate was 386 case (78.93 %) , severe cases (dyspnea, hypoxia, or lung involvement on imaging) was 73 cases (15.13 %) and critical cases (respiratory failure, shock, or multiorgan system dysfunction) was 28 cases (5.93 %). The major criteria for cases admission namely clinical examination, case definition, clinical investigation, radiological finding, hematological finding , and molecular biology assay namely real – time - polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR). The pharmacological and therapeutic properties of supportive therapy of COVID - 19 included " antipyretic agent , analgesic agent, glucocortocoid (dexamethasone), anticoagulant agent (enoxaparin) , bronchodilator agent (sulbtamol), anti-cough (acetylcysteine), antibiotics broad spectrum to treat the secondary infection namely azithromycin , ceftriaxone , piperacillin and tazobactam , vancomycine , meropenam , and moxifloxacine). In addition, oxygen therapy is the major treatment that used in treatment of severe and critical cases. Also , vitamins (C and D3) and mineral namely zinc were pecribed and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) (pantaprazol) , anti-emetic (ondansetron). Fluid therapy namely ringer lactate or normal saline are used in management of COVID – 19. Results: The results showed that the age of the patients included in this study between 3- 92 years with 1.5 : 2.0 male: female. 49 patients were admitted in COVID – 19 isolation department of CTMID. 25/49 cases (54.34% ) were recovered with national guideline , the average of RR pre - treatment was 30 ± 5 breath / minute and reduced to 23 ± 2 breath / minute post – treatment with significantly statistically different (p < 0.05) . On the other hand, the clinical symptoms namely difficult in breathing, co[a]ugh , fever , and headache reduced to absent absolutely (100 %) . In addition, the results showed that the average of WBC pre - treatment was 20 ± 4 (×10 9/L) and reduced to 7 ± 2 (×10 9/L) post – treat
{"title":"Pharmacology and Therapeutic Features of COVID - 19 Infection in Hodeidah, Yemen","authors":"M. Al-Kamarany, Mohammed AL Madani, Hussien Kadi, Salah Musfer, Zain Alabdin AL Sharma, Rashad Al Salhi, Nabil Albasir","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i5683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i5683","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The symptoms and signs of coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) present at illness onset vary, but over the course of the disease, most persons with COVID-19 will experience the following: fever , cough, fatigue, anorexia, shortness of breath, hypoxia, sputum production, and myalgia . During the first year (2020), there was no effective cure for COVID-19 infection and the most common treatment for patients was supportive therapy. Ministry of Public Health and Population in Yemen presented national guideline that is extracted from other countries and World Health Organization (WHO).\u0000Objective: Therefore, in this research, we discuss the pharmacological and therapeutic approaches for management of COVID-19 during its early period of rampage, using availability of medicines in Yemeni local pharmaceutical marketing. On the other hand, the efficacy of therapeutic was monitored.\u0000Methodology: 505 patients with COVID-19 from Hodeidah showed that respiratory infection illness can range from mild to critical. Mild to moderate was 386 case (78.93 %) , severe cases (dyspnea, hypoxia, or lung involvement on imaging) was 73 cases (15.13 %) and critical cases (respiratory failure, shock, or multiorgan system dysfunction) was 28 cases (5.93 %). The major criteria for cases admission namely clinical examination, case definition, clinical investigation, radiological finding, hematological finding , and molecular biology assay namely real – time - polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR). The pharmacological and therapeutic properties of supportive therapy of COVID - 19 included \" antipyretic agent , analgesic agent, glucocortocoid (dexamethasone), anticoagulant agent (enoxaparin) , bronchodilator agent (sulbtamol), anti-cough (acetylcysteine), antibiotics broad spectrum to treat the secondary infection namely azithromycin , ceftriaxone , piperacillin and tazobactam , vancomycine , meropenam , and moxifloxacine). In addition, oxygen therapy is the major treatment that used in treatment of severe and critical cases. Also , vitamins (C and D3) and mineral namely zinc were pecribed and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) (pantaprazol) , anti-emetic (ondansetron). Fluid therapy namely ringer lactate or normal saline are used in management of COVID – 19.\u0000Results: The results showed that the age of the patients included in this study between 3- 92 years with 1.5 : 2.0 male: female. 49 patients were admitted in COVID – 19 isolation department of CTMID. 25/49 cases (54.34% ) were recovered with national guideline , the average of RR pre - treatment was 30 ± 5 breath / minute and reduced to 23 ± 2 breath / minute post – treatment with significantly statistically different (p < 0.05) . On the other hand, the clinical symptoms namely difficult in breathing, co[a]ugh , fever , and headache reduced to absent absolutely (100 %) . In addition, the results showed that the average of WBC pre - treatment was 20 ± 4 (×10 9/L) and reduced to 7 ± 2 (×10 9/L) post – treat","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":" 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140211095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i5682
Mas’-ûd Hayatou, E. Tembe, Bayaga Herve, Njinkio Nono Borgia, Charles N. Fokunang
A liver is an essential organ that performs several metabolic activities in body. Various chemicals as well as pathologies which affecting it result in harmful consequences. Management of liver pathologies involves expensive and even toxic therapeutic strategies. 80 % by populations in developing countries used medicinal plants which constituted a significant reservoir of molecules with diverse and various properties including hepatoprotective properties. To rectify these problems, Guiera senegalensis has been in existence that subjected to few studies and highlighted hepatoprotective properties, hence the interest of this study. Three extraction methods were carried out, infusion, decoction, maceration (aqueous, ethanolic). The hepatoprotective activity of the extracts was explored on 42 Wistar rats divided into 7 groups of 6 rats each. The groups including 4 test groups, were treated with the extract at 500 mg/kg of each extract. A healthy group that received distilled water (positive control group) were treated with paracetamol at 640mg/Kg. A reference group received a drug (Silymarin) The rats were treated for 14 days. The rats were then sacrificed, blood sample were collected for biochemical analyses. Some organs were removed for histological analysis as well. The acute toxicity of the extract obtained by hydro-ethanolic maceration at a dose of 2000 mg/kg was conducted in accordance with OECD guideline 420. The study of the hepatoprotective activity of plant extracts showed a significant decrease in transaminase activities in the rats treated with the extract obtained by aqueous maceration, AP, a significant decrease in total proteins in the extract obtained by hydro-ethanolic maceration. It was revealed that, the increase in in-vivo antioxidants found to be high in those treated with the hydro-ethanolic extract. The hydro-ethanolic extract did not show any significant toxicity.
{"title":"Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity and Acute Toxicity of Guiera Senegalensis Leaf Extract on Wistar Rats","authors":"Mas’-ûd Hayatou, E. Tembe, Bayaga Herve, Njinkio Nono Borgia, Charles N. Fokunang","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i5682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i5682","url":null,"abstract":"A liver is an essential organ that performs several metabolic activities in body. Various chemicals as well as pathologies which affecting it result in harmful consequences. Management of liver pathologies involves expensive and even toxic therapeutic strategies. 80 % by populations in developing countries used medicinal plants which constituted a significant reservoir of molecules with diverse and various properties including hepatoprotective properties. To rectify these problems, Guiera senegalensis has been in existence that subjected to few studies and highlighted hepatoprotective properties, hence the interest of this study. Three extraction methods were carried out, infusion, decoction, maceration (aqueous, ethanolic). The hepatoprotective activity of the extracts was explored on 42 Wistar rats divided into 7 groups of 6 rats each. The groups including 4 test groups, were treated with the extract at 500 mg/kg of each extract. A healthy group that received distilled water (positive control group) were treated with paracetamol at 640mg/Kg. A reference group received a drug (Silymarin)\u0000The rats were treated for 14 days. The rats were then sacrificed, blood sample were collected for biochemical analyses. Some organs were removed for histological analysis as well. The acute toxicity of the extract obtained by hydro-ethanolic maceration at a dose of 2000 mg/kg was conducted in accordance with OECD guideline 420. The study of the hepatoprotective activity of plant extracts showed a significant decrease in transaminase activities in the rats treated with the extract obtained by aqueous maceration, AP, a significant decrease in total proteins in the extract obtained by hydro-ethanolic maceration. It was revealed that, the increase in in-vivo antioxidants found to be high in those treated with the hydro-ethanolic extract. The hydro-ethanolic extract did not show any significant toxicity.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"22 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140242157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i4681
S. Ajroud, Raga A. Elzahaf
Introduction: Pregnant women are potentially a high-risk population during infectious disease outbreaks such as COVID-19, because of physiologic immune suppression in pregnancy. However, data on the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 among pregnant women, compared to nonpregnant women, are lacking. We sought to describe the management of twenty-one pregnant women with COVID-19 infection. Methods: A prospective chart review was conducted to identify pregnant women who presented with symptom and sign of COVID- 19 and tested positive or highly suspected even if test was negative, from 15 June 2020 to 04 October 2021. Results: Four women required non-invasive supplemental oxygen therapy and one required mechanical ventilation. One woman had a pulmonary embolism and expired after delivery. Conclusion: Management of pregnant women with severe COVID-19 is complex and should involve multidisciplinary expertise. Avoiding early delivery may be a safe option. We recommend an individualized approach to care, including careful consideration of the expected risks and benefits of expectant obstetric management versus delivery.
{"title":"COVID-19 Infection in Pregnancy: A Case Series from Derna, Libya","authors":"S. Ajroud, Raga A. Elzahaf","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i4681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i4681","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pregnant women are potentially a high-risk population during infectious disease outbreaks such as COVID-19, because of physiologic immune suppression in pregnancy. However, data on the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 among pregnant women, compared to nonpregnant women, are lacking. We sought to describe the management of twenty-one pregnant women with COVID-19 infection. \u0000Methods: A prospective chart review was conducted to identify pregnant women who presented with symptom and sign of COVID- 19 and tested positive or highly suspected even if test was negative, from 15 June 2020 to 04 October 2021. \u0000Results: Four women required non-invasive supplemental oxygen therapy and one required mechanical ventilation. One woman had a pulmonary embolism and expired after delivery. \u0000Conclusion: Management of pregnant women with severe COVID-19 is complex and should involve multidisciplinary expertise. Avoiding early delivery may be a safe option. We recommend an individualized approach to care, including careful consideration of the expected risks and benefits of expectant obstetric management versus delivery.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140254583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i4680
H. A. Khaqan, Hafiz Ateeq ur Rehman, L. Hassan, Aamna Jabran, A. Fauzan, Nabeel Akram, Asad Mahmood Khan
Objective: To assess the results of children who have been diagnosed with retinoblastoma in less than 6 months of age in terms of globe saving and the need for chemoreduction (CRD). Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study from 2018 to 2021 that includes 8 eyes of 4 infants. Of the 4 patients, 01 (25%) patient was male and 03 (75%) were females. All patients had bilateral disease with no positive family history. The 4 patients were classified according to the International Classification System for Retinoblastoma. Group A disease was diagnosed in 1 (12.5%) eye, Group B in 2 (25%), Group C in 1 (12.5%), Group D in 1 (12.5%), and Group E in 3 (37.5%) eyes. A performa was made that included; patient’ name, date of birth, date of diagnosis, gender, laterality of retinoblastoma, family history, systemic chemotherapy agents used with the number of cycles and details of local therapy, complications, development of secondary malignancies and deaths. Primary outcome measures were the need for CRD and globe salvage. Results: Three (75%) of the four infants having retinoblastoma in less than six months needed CRD to save their globes. 62.5 percent (5/8) of eyes had their globes saved, whereas three eyes (37.5 percent) were enucleated due to Group E illness. There were no CRD-related hospitalization and all patients survived. Conclusion: Collectively the targeted modalities and reduced-dose CRD, children having retinoblastoma with less than six months have more chances of globe saving comparable to those of older age groups. The saving of globe of two-thirds of the infants required CRD. A diagnosis of Group D or E in at least one eye initially or both eyes later on, increased the risk of requiring CRD (p 0.0001 and p 0.016, respectively).
目的评估6个月以内确诊视网膜母细胞瘤患儿的保球效果和化学还原（CRD）需求：这是一项2018年至2021年的回顾性研究，包括4名婴儿的8只眼睛。4 名患者中，01 名（25%）为男性，03 名（75%）为女性。所有患者均为双侧发病，无阳性家族史。4 名患者根据视网膜母细胞瘤国际分类系统进行了分类。1只（12.5%）眼被诊断为A组，2只（25%）眼被诊断为B组，1只（12.5%）眼被诊断为C组，1只（12.5%）眼被诊断为D组，3只（37.5%）眼被诊断为E组。治疗记录包括：患者姓名、出生日期、诊断日期、性别、视网膜母细胞瘤的侧位、家族史、全身化疗药物的使用周期数、局部治疗的详细情况、并发症、继发性恶性肿瘤的发生和死亡。主要结果指标为是否需要进行视网膜母细胞瘤切除术和挽救视网膜母细胞瘤：结果：4名视网膜母细胞瘤患儿中，有3名（75%）在6个月内需要进行CRD以挽救眼球。62.5%（5/8）的眼球得到挽救，而3只眼球（37.5%）因E组疾病而被去核。所有患者都存活了下来：结论：视网膜母细胞瘤患儿出生不足六个月的，采用针对性治疗方法和减量CRD治疗，其眼球获救的几率可与年龄较大的患儿相媲美。三分之二的婴儿需要 CRD 来挽救眼球。最初至少一只眼睛被诊断为 D 组或 E 组，或后来两只眼睛都被诊断为 D 组或 E 组，都会增加需要进行 CRD 的风险（分别为 p 0.0001 和 p 0.016）。
{"title":"Treatment Outcomes of Retinoblastoma in Children Less than 6 Months of Age","authors":"H. A. Khaqan, Hafiz Ateeq ur Rehman, L. Hassan, Aamna Jabran, A. Fauzan, Nabeel Akram, Asad Mahmood Khan","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i4680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i4680","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the results of children who have been diagnosed with retinoblastoma in less than 6 months of age in terms of globe saving and the need for chemoreduction (CRD).\u0000Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study from 2018 to 2021 that includes 8 eyes of 4 infants. Of the 4 patients, 01 (25%) patient was male and 03 (75%) were females. All patients had bilateral disease with no positive family history. The 4 patients were classified according to the International Classification System for Retinoblastoma. Group A disease was diagnosed in 1 (12.5%) eye, Group B in 2 (25%), Group C in 1 (12.5%), Group D in 1 (12.5%), and Group E in 3 (37.5%) eyes. A performa was made that included; patient’ name, date of birth, date of diagnosis, gender, laterality of retinoblastoma, family history, systemic chemotherapy agents used with the number of cycles and details of local therapy, complications, development of secondary malignancies and deaths. Primary outcome measures were the need for CRD and globe salvage.\u0000Results: Three (75%) of the four infants having retinoblastoma in less than six months needed CRD to save their globes. 62.5 percent (5/8) of eyes had their globes saved, whereas three eyes (37.5 percent) were enucleated due to Group E illness. There were no CRD-related hospitalization and all patients survived.\u0000Conclusion: Collectively the targeted modalities and reduced-dose CRD, children having retinoblastoma with less than six months have more chances of globe saving comparable to those of older age groups. The saving of globe of two-thirds of the infants required CRD. A diagnosis of Group D or E in at least one eye initially or both eyes later on, increased the risk of requiring CRD (p 0.0001 and p 0.016, respectively).","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140080638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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