Pub Date : 2024-01-23DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i2670
P. T. Osunu, John E. Moyegbone, C. Ofili, E. Nwose
Aim: Malnutrition being a public health problem among children is more common in low- middle-income countries such as Nigeria, with a nationwide prevalence rate of 32 percent among children under the age of five years. This study aims to assess the management strategies of malnourished children and its associated factors in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a prospective descriptive observational study conducted among a randomly selected sample of 360 health workers who managed malnutrition among children aged 5 years and below. Ten (10) Primary healthcare facilities and 5 private hospitals were randomly selected across the 8 local government areas in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Data was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. The level of significance was determined using a confidence interval of 95% and a P-Value less than 0.05. Results: the majority 355 (98.6%) of the respondents were female, with the age group 25 to 34 years old accounting for the highest proportion of participants 160 (44.4%). Doctors 53 (14.8%), Registered Nurses 171 (47.8%), and Community Health Extension Workers (CHEW) 73 (20.3%) were the major categories of the health workers that participated in this study. Two-hundred and seventeen (60.3%) of the health workers claimed that 33% (one-third) of the children they see at the clinic weekly are malnourished. In the management of malnutrition, majority (71.15%) of the malnourished children were managed using supplements and ready-to-use therapeutic foods. Other strategies include; formula (8.61%), and treating underlying illness (13.89%). The factors that affect the eradication of malnutrition were found to include beliefs (19%), socioeconomic status of parents and caregivers of the children (18%), food insecurity (23%), immune factors (15%), and malnutrition in form of poor dietary habits (25%). Conclusion: Ready-to-use therapeutic foods was the major strategy employed in the management of malnutrition in children in Bayelsa State. Malnutrition, food insecurity Cultural beliefs were factors that affect the eradication of malnutrition.
{"title":"Management Strategies of Malnourished Children and Its Associated Factors in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria","authors":"P. T. Osunu, John E. Moyegbone, C. Ofili, E. Nwose","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i2670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i2670","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Malnutrition being a public health problem among children is more common in low- middle-income countries such as Nigeria, with a nationwide prevalence rate of 32 percent among children under the age of five years. This study aims to assess the management strategies of malnourished children and its associated factors in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. \u0000Methods: This was a prospective descriptive observational study conducted among a randomly selected sample of 360 health workers who managed malnutrition among children aged 5 years and below. Ten (10) Primary healthcare facilities and 5 private hospitals were randomly selected across the 8 local government areas in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Data was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. The level of significance was determined using a confidence interval of 95% and a P-Value less than 0.05. \u0000Results: the majority 355 (98.6%) of the respondents were female, with the age group 25 to 34 years old accounting for the highest proportion of participants 160 (44.4%). Doctors 53 (14.8%), Registered Nurses 171 (47.8%), and Community Health Extension Workers (CHEW) 73 (20.3%) were the major categories of the health workers that participated in this study. Two-hundred and seventeen (60.3%) of the health workers claimed that 33% (one-third) of the children they see at the clinic weekly are malnourished. In the management of malnutrition, majority (71.15%) of the malnourished children were managed using supplements and ready-to-use therapeutic foods. Other strategies include; formula (8.61%), and treating underlying illness (13.89%). The factors that affect the eradication of malnutrition were found to include beliefs (19%), socioeconomic status of parents and caregivers of the children (18%), food insecurity (23%), immune factors (15%), and malnutrition in form of poor dietary habits (25%). \u0000Conclusion: Ready-to-use therapeutic foods was the major strategy employed in the management of malnutrition in children in Bayelsa State. Malnutrition, food insecurity Cultural beliefs were factors that affect the eradication of malnutrition.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"117 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139605420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-20DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i2669
H. A. Khaqan, Hasnain Muhammad Bukhsh, Hafiz Ateeq ur Rehman, L. Hassan, Muhammad Usman Zia, A. Fauzan, Asad Mahmood Khan, Ahmed Arsalan
Objective: To determine the frequency of recurrence after 6 cycles of primary intravenous chemotherapy of retinoblastoma patients in a tertiary health care hospital. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore from March 15, 2020 to September 15, 2020. A total of 81 patients were selected randomly from outpatient department. Performa designed was used to collect data including name, age, gender, registration number, laterality, age at diagnosis, group of disease, treatment given and outcomes of given treatment. International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification (IIRC) was used for classification of the disease. The chemotherapy regimen used was vincristine, etoposide and carboplatin (VEC). A total of 6 cycles were given at 3 weekly intervals. Serial monitoring of the tumors was done to rule out any local recurrence or side effects of therapy. Results: Total 81 children presenting with retinoblastoma were enrolled in this study. There were 52(64.2%) male and 29(35.8%) female. The mean age of patients was 3.41±1.45 year. Unilateral disease was in 61 (75.30%) patients while 20 (24.70%) patients had bilateral retinoblastoma. Among 81 children, 20(24.7%) had recurrence of the disease. Conclusion: Development of recurrence after intravenous chemotherapy was noted in 24.7 % of all retinoblastoma eyes. Younger patients with more advanced, posteriorly located tumors and subretinal seeds at presentation were at increased risk, but recurrence can often be managed with globe-sparing therapy.
{"title":"Outcome of 6 Cycles of Primary Intravenous Chemotherapy of Retinoblastoma Patients in Terms of Recurrence in a Tertiary Health Care Hospital","authors":"H. A. Khaqan, Hasnain Muhammad Bukhsh, Hafiz Ateeq ur Rehman, L. Hassan, Muhammad Usman Zia, A. Fauzan, Asad Mahmood Khan, Ahmed Arsalan","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i2669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i2669","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the frequency of recurrence after 6 cycles of primary intravenous chemotherapy of retinoblastoma patients in a tertiary health care hospital. \u0000Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore from March 15, 2020 to September 15, 2020. A total of 81 patients were selected randomly from outpatient department. Performa designed was used to collect data including name, age, gender, registration number, laterality, age at diagnosis, group of disease, treatment given and outcomes of given treatment. International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification (IIRC) was used for classification of the disease. The chemotherapy regimen used was vincristine, etoposide and carboplatin (VEC). A total of 6 cycles were given at 3 weekly intervals. Serial monitoring of the tumors was done to rule out any local recurrence or side effects of therapy. \u0000Results: Total 81 children presenting with retinoblastoma were enrolled in this study. There were 52(64.2%) male and 29(35.8%) female. The mean age of patients was 3.41±1.45 year. Unilateral disease was in 61 (75.30%) patients while 20 (24.70%) patients had bilateral retinoblastoma. Among 81 children, 20(24.7%) had recurrence of the disease. \u0000Conclusion: Development of recurrence after intravenous chemotherapy was noted in 24.7 % of all retinoblastoma eyes. Younger patients with more advanced, posteriorly located tumors and subretinal seeds at presentation were at increased risk, but recurrence can often be managed with globe-sparing therapy.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"10 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139523623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-20DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i2668
H. A. Khaqan, L. Hassan, Muhammad Ali Haider, Hafiz Ateeq ur Rehman, Muhammad Usman Zia, A. Fauzan, Asad Mahmood Khan, Ahmed Arsalan
Objective: To evaluate the visual and anatomical outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in patients with dropped nucleus following complicated phacoemulsification (PE). Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Ophthalmology Department of Lahore General Hospital, Lahore between 2017 and 2022. The study included 51 patients (33 males and 18 females) between the age 35 to 85 years who were referred after a complicated phacoemulsification with dropped nucleus. Results: This study included 51 patients in which 33 were males (64.71%) and 18 were females (35.29%). All patients underwent 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy. Posterior chamber phacofragmentation was carried out in 32 (62.75%) eyes while in remaining 19 (37.25%) patients vitrectomy cutter was used for the dropped nucleus. Out of 51, 06 (11.76%) patients received an anterior chamber IOL at the time of cataract surgery, 21 (41.18%) eyes had IOL in the ciliary sulcus, 07 (13.73%) had a posterior chamber IOL, and the remaining 17 (33.33%) patients were aphakic. Of these 17 aphakic patients, an anterior chamber IOL was placed at the time of vitrectomy in 07 (41.18%) patients who were judged to have inadequate capsular support for a posterior chamber lens. In the remaining 10 (58.82%) eyes, where capsular support was deemed adequate, a posterior chamber IOL was inserted. Final visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 34 (66.67%) eyes and 20/50 in 06 (11.76%) patients. Conclusion: Poor visual outcome after dropped nucleus at phacoemulsification cataract extraction can be avoided if managed by prompt pars plana vitrectomy as it offers the advantages of a closed system for vitrectomy and manipulation of the nucleus, an improved view of the posterior segment and facilitated recognition and management of intraoperative complications with better visual and anatomical outcomes with low rate of postoperative complications.
{"title":"Visual and Anatomical Outcomes of Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Dropped Nucleus","authors":"H. A. Khaqan, L. Hassan, Muhammad Ali Haider, Hafiz Ateeq ur Rehman, Muhammad Usman Zia, A. Fauzan, Asad Mahmood Khan, Ahmed Arsalan","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i2668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i2668","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the visual and anatomical outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in patients with dropped nucleus following complicated phacoemulsification (PE). \u0000Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Ophthalmology Department of Lahore General Hospital, Lahore between 2017 and 2022. The study included 51 patients (33 males and 18 females) between the age 35 to 85 years who were referred after a complicated phacoemulsification with dropped nucleus. \u0000Results: This study included 51 patients in which 33 were males (64.71%) and 18 were females (35.29%). All patients underwent 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy. Posterior chamber phacofragmentation was carried out in 32 (62.75%) eyes while in remaining 19 (37.25%) patients vitrectomy cutter was used for the dropped nucleus. Out of 51, 06 (11.76%) patients received an anterior chamber IOL at the time of cataract surgery, 21 (41.18%) eyes had IOL in the ciliary sulcus, 07 (13.73%) had a posterior chamber IOL, and the remaining 17 (33.33%) patients were aphakic. Of these 17 aphakic patients, an anterior chamber IOL was placed at the time of vitrectomy in 07 (41.18%) patients who were judged to have inadequate capsular support for a posterior chamber lens. In the remaining 10 (58.82%) eyes, where capsular support was deemed adequate, a posterior chamber IOL was inserted. Final visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 34 (66.67%) eyes and 20/50 in 06 (11.76%) patients. \u0000Conclusion: Poor visual outcome after dropped nucleus at phacoemulsification cataract extraction can be avoided if managed by prompt pars plana vitrectomy as it offers the advantages of a closed system for vitrectomy and manipulation of the nucleus, an improved view of the posterior segment and facilitated recognition and management of intraoperative complications with better visual and anatomical outcomes with low rate of postoperative complications.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139523973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-17DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i2667
Christian Ihechukwu Uzoukwu, Johnpaul Chukwu, Kingsley Chimuanya Umezurike, M.T.B. Ochiabuto, Chidera Godson Chukwuemeka, Blessing Uzoma Nwoye, Edmund Osi Ugomore, G. Chukwuma
Background: The action of bacterial infection in the urinary tract can trigger the release of free radicals which could progress and overwhelm endogenous antioxidants, hence oxidative changes occur. This work aimed to estimate the level of oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), among women suffering from urinary tract infection in Enugu metropolis. Materials and Methods: Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research and Ethics committee (HREC) of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Ituku–Ozalla, Enugu State. Informed consent was obtained from all recruited subjects. About forty (40) women diagnosed of UTIs at the UNTH were recruited for the study and twenty (20) women free of UTIs and who are not registered with UNTH were used as a control for this study. Blood specimens were collected and analysed using the ELISA technique to check for Ox-LDL and SOD levels. Results: The mean value of the antioxidant enzyme, SOD, was lower than that of the control which suggests a possibility of oxidative stress. However, Ox-LDL mean value was lower than that of the control population showing absence of lipid peroxidation in all sampled population, which may have been pronounced if the subjects had complicated UTI like pyelonephritis. Conclusion: This study showed a drop in the levels of an antioxidant enzyme among UTI patients placing the patients at risk of oxidative stress. Ox-LDL should be higher in test than in control population indicating lipid peroxidation. However, in this study, the Ox-LDL showed no increase in values. Oxidative stress should be looked out for and treated by physicians when treating UTIs.
{"title":"Oxidative Changes among Women Suffering From Urinary Tract Infection in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria","authors":"Christian Ihechukwu Uzoukwu, Johnpaul Chukwu, Kingsley Chimuanya Umezurike, M.T.B. Ochiabuto, Chidera Godson Chukwuemeka, Blessing Uzoma Nwoye, Edmund Osi Ugomore, G. Chukwuma","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i2667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i2667","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The action of bacterial infection in the urinary tract can trigger the release of free radicals which could progress and overwhelm endogenous antioxidants, hence oxidative changes occur. This work aimed to estimate the level of oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), among women suffering from urinary tract infection in Enugu metropolis.\u0000Materials and Methods: Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research and Ethics committee (HREC) of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Ituku–Ozalla, Enugu State. Informed consent was obtained from all recruited subjects. About forty (40) women diagnosed of UTIs at the UNTH were recruited for the study and twenty (20) women free of UTIs and who are not registered with UNTH were used as a control for this study. Blood specimens were collected and analysed using the ELISA technique to check for Ox-LDL and SOD levels.\u0000Results: The mean value of the antioxidant enzyme, SOD, was lower than that of the control which suggests a possibility of oxidative stress. However, Ox-LDL mean value was lower than that of the control population showing absence of lipid peroxidation in all sampled population, which may have been pronounced if the subjects had complicated UTI like pyelonephritis.\u0000Conclusion: This study showed a drop in the levels of an antioxidant enzyme among UTI patients placing the patients at risk of oxidative stress. Ox-LDL should be higher in test than in control population indicating lipid peroxidation. However, in this study, the Ox-LDL showed no increase in values. Oxidative stress should be looked out for and treated by physicians when treating UTIs.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":" 709","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139617451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-10DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i1666
Kareti Sai Sushanth Reddy, Arcot Dimpul Charitha, V. B. K. Jannabhatla, Sunanda Tirupathe
Background: Overt Diabetes mellitus and Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can complicate pregnancy. Early detection and management of the disease should be done to ensure better maternal and foetal outcomes. Our goal is to compare treatment-controlled diabetic women with non-diabetic women to evaluate the pregnancy-related unfavourable outcomes. Methods and Materials: This is a single-centre case-control study with women, from Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, who gave birth between September 2022 and February 2023. A total of 144 patients, including 72 women with diabetes and controlled glycemia (case group, n=72), were compared with non-diabetic women (control group, n=72). Various pregnancy-related outcomes were observed. The student t-test and SPSS were used for statistical analysis to compare Results: Average ages were 24±4.9 years and 27.83±6.24 years in controls and cases, respectively. Mean pregnancy duration was 268.15±7.1 days in controls and 257.1±31.2 days in cases. The cases had a mean HbA1C of 6.05%, indicating controlled levels. Caesarean births were observed in 75% of cases and 51.3% of controls. While macrosomia (>4 kg) was not observed, 25% of cases had low birth weight (<2.5 kg). Family history, gravidity, consanguinity, newborn sex, APGAR score, nuchal cord, asphyxia, and need for respiratory support did not significantly differ between the cases and controls. However, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the gestation period, previous neonatal loss, type of previous deliveries, caesarean delivery, baby weight, hyperbilirubinemia, and present neonatal loss between diabetic mothers and non-diabetic mothers. Conclusion: A well-managed chronic hyperglycaemia was thought to prevent multiple pregnancy-related problems for both the mother and the baby. This study aimed to investigate this point. Though many complications were avoided with controlled glycemia in our study, complications such as caesarean deliveries, preterm births, low birth weight, hyperbilirubinemia, and neonatal loss were more prevalent in cases. This highlights the need for further research, especially in understanding and possibly intensifying glycaemic goals for diabetic mothers.
{"title":"Pregnancy Outcomes in Diabetic Mothers with Controlled Glycemia: A Case-Control Study","authors":"Kareti Sai Sushanth Reddy, Arcot Dimpul Charitha, V. B. K. Jannabhatla, Sunanda Tirupathe","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i1666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i1666","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Overt Diabetes mellitus and Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can complicate pregnancy. Early detection and management of the disease should be done to ensure better maternal and foetal outcomes. Our goal is to compare treatment-controlled diabetic women with non-diabetic women to evaluate the pregnancy-related unfavourable outcomes.\u0000Methods and Materials: This is a single-centre case-control study with women, from Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, who gave birth between September 2022 and February 2023. A total of 144 patients, including 72 women with diabetes and controlled glycemia (case group, n=72), were compared with non-diabetic women (control group, n=72). Various pregnancy-related outcomes were observed. The student t-test and SPSS were used for statistical analysis to compare\u0000Results: Average ages were 24±4.9 years and 27.83±6.24 years in controls and cases, respectively. Mean pregnancy duration was 268.15±7.1 days in controls and 257.1±31.2 days in cases. The cases had a mean HbA1C of 6.05%, indicating controlled levels. Caesarean births were observed in 75% of cases and 51.3% of controls. While macrosomia (>4 kg) was not observed, 25% of cases had low birth weight (<2.5 kg). Family history, gravidity, consanguinity, newborn sex, APGAR score, nuchal cord, asphyxia, and need for respiratory support did not significantly differ between the cases and controls. However, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the gestation period, previous neonatal loss, type of previous deliveries, caesarean delivery, baby weight, hyperbilirubinemia, and present neonatal loss between diabetic mothers and non-diabetic mothers.\u0000Conclusion: A well-managed chronic hyperglycaemia was thought to prevent multiple pregnancy-related problems for both the mother and the baby. This study aimed to investigate this point. Though many complications were avoided with controlled glycemia in our study, complications such as caesarean deliveries, preterm births, low birth weight, hyperbilirubinemia, and neonatal loss were more prevalent in cases. This highlights the need for further research, especially in understanding and possibly intensifying glycaemic goals for diabetic mothers.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"42 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-07DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i1665
Razaw Omar Ibrahim, Tara Hameed Khorsheed, Khalid Arif Bahram
Introduction: Worldwide; Infertility is a very challenging condition which brings about significant stressful that effects many individuals and couples. Obesity has become a widespread global issue and has reached epidemic extents with a negative impact on individual's body system including the reproductive system. Infertility can have profound impacts on the emotional well-being and overall quality of life of those affected, often leading to feelings of disappointment and even clinical depression. Objective: This study aims to determine the frequency of causes of infertility among infertile women attending the infertility center in Azadi Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk City, Iraq, as well as, the relation of the duration of infertility to it. Furthermore, to find the prevalence of obesity among those women, assess the rate of depression and anxiety and investigate factors related to them. Subjects & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, one hundred infertile females participated. Information was obtained from all the patients from medical and laboratory findings. A questionnaire about demographic data was designed for all the patients. The psychological status of patients was evaluated by administering the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) test. Results: The most leading cause of infertility was Poly cystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). There were statistically significant differences among the groups of the study regarding the period of infertility the nature of the disorder, 39% of PCOS patients experienced 2-3-year infertility. While 50% of patients with male factors infertility expressed +15-year infertility, 30.9% of patients with mixed male and female factors of infertility expressed 5–9-year infertility. The percentage of primary and secondary infertility was 61.8 and 38.2, respectively. 76.7% of the women who participated were overweight or obese; only 22.3% being of normal weight. 60% of PCOS patients were overweight, and 53% of infertile women with ovulatory causes rather than PCOS were overweight. Just 18% of infertile females consume a healthy diet; furthermore, 80% of them express an uncontrolled weight. Regarding the anxiety HADS score,74 % of infertile women with infertility periods more than four years old expressed an anxiety score above 7 (borderline). 27.7% of infertile women over 40 years old express an abnormal anxiety HADS score. The percentage of abnormal depression on the HADS score in young infertile women was 4.3%, while it was 8.3% in infertile women over 40 years old. Conclusion: PCOS is the most typical cause of infertility in this study. However, there may be other causes of infertility rather than PCOS for long periods of infertility. Among participating infertile women, obesity is prevalent. Acc
{"title":"Investigating Infertility Causes, Obesity Rates, and Mental Status of Infertile Females Attending the Infertility Center at Azadi Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk City, Iraq","authors":"Razaw Omar Ibrahim, Tara Hameed Khorsheed, Khalid Arif Bahram","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i1665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i1665","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Worldwide; Infertility is a very challenging condition which brings about significant stressful that effects many individuals and couples. Obesity has become a widespread global issue and has reached epidemic extents with a negative impact on individual's body system including the reproductive system. Infertility can have profound impacts on the emotional well-being and overall quality of life of those affected, often leading to feelings of disappointment and even clinical depression. \u0000Objective: This study aims to determine the frequency of causes of infertility among infertile women attending the infertility center in Azadi Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk City, Iraq, as well as, the relation of the duration of infertility to it. Furthermore, to find the prevalence of obesity among those women, assess the rate of depression and anxiety and investigate factors related to them. \u0000Subjects & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, one hundred infertile females participated. Information was obtained from all the patients from medical and laboratory findings. A questionnaire about demographic data was designed for all the patients. The psychological status of patients was evaluated by administering the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) test. \u0000Results: The most leading cause of infertility was Poly cystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). There were statistically significant differences among the groups of the study regarding the period of infertility the nature of the disorder, 39% of PCOS patients experienced 2-3-year infertility. While 50% of patients with male factors infertility expressed +15-year infertility, 30.9% of patients with mixed male and female factors of infertility expressed 5–9-year infertility. The percentage of primary and secondary infertility was 61.8 and 38.2, respectively. 76.7% of the women who participated were overweight or obese; only 22.3% being of normal weight. 60% of PCOS patients were overweight, and 53% of infertile women with ovulatory causes rather than PCOS were overweight. Just 18% of infertile females consume a healthy diet; furthermore, 80% of them express an uncontrolled weight. Regarding the anxiety HADS score,74 % of infertile women with infertility periods more than four years old expressed an anxiety score above 7 (borderline). 27.7% of infertile women over 40 years old express an abnormal anxiety HADS score. The percentage of abnormal depression on the HADS score in young infertile women was 4.3%, while it was 8.3% in infertile women over 40 years old. \u0000Conclusion: PCOS is the most typical cause of infertility in this study. However, there may be other causes of infertility rather than PCOS for long periods of infertility. Among participating infertile women, obesity is prevalent. Acc","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"22 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139448342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-07DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i1664
Anyebe David Enenche, H. O. Uzoeto, Collins Audu Difa, Cosmas Samuel
Introduction: Cassia sieberiana, a member of the Fabaceae family, has a rich history of traditional medicinal uses. This study focuses on exploring the medicinal potential of the methanol extract from Cassia sieberiana leaves. The research aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of bioactive compounds and assess acute toxicity through LD50 determination. Methods: Fresh leaves were collected from Opi town, Nsukka, Nigeria, and authenticated. Male Wister albino rats were acclimatized, and phytochemical screening was performed using qualitative and quantitative methods. LD50 determination followed internationally recognized protocols, employing mice models. Results: The methanol extract exhibited a yield of 11.2%. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of proteins, carbohydrates, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, reducing sugars, terpenoids, and quinones. Alkaloids were predominant (1770.8±74.43 mg/100g). LD50 determination showed 100% survival at 5000 mg/kg, indicating relative safety. Discussion: The high yield suggests methanol as an effective solvent. Phytochemical composition aligns with traditional uses, and the prevalence of alkaloids supports reported medicinal applications. Low phenolic content suggests antioxidant effects, while flavonoids may contribute to anti-inflammatory properties. Saponins and tannins indicate potential for antimicrobial and purgative use. The study affirms the safety of the methanol leaf extract. Conclusion: The study provides valuable insights into the medicinal potential of Cassia sieberiana. The significant alkaloid content, diverse bioactive compounds and demonstrated safety in LD50 determination support its traditional uses. These findings lay a robust foundation for further exploration of Cassia sieberiana in drug development and healthcare applications.
{"title":"Phytochemical Investigation and Toxicological Insights of Cassia sieberiana Leaf Extract: Implications for Medicinal use","authors":"Anyebe David Enenche, H. O. Uzoeto, Collins Audu Difa, Cosmas Samuel","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i1664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i1664","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cassia sieberiana, a member of the Fabaceae family, has a rich history of traditional medicinal uses. This study focuses on exploring the medicinal potential of the methanol extract from Cassia sieberiana leaves. The research aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of bioactive compounds and assess acute toxicity through LD50 determination. \u0000Methods: Fresh leaves were collected from Opi town, Nsukka, Nigeria, and authenticated. Male Wister albino rats were acclimatized, and phytochemical screening was performed using qualitative and quantitative methods. LD50 determination followed internationally recognized protocols, employing mice models. \u0000Results: The methanol extract exhibited a yield of 11.2%. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of proteins, carbohydrates, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, reducing sugars, terpenoids, and quinones. Alkaloids were predominant (1770.8±74.43 mg/100g). LD50 determination showed 100% survival at 5000 mg/kg, indicating relative safety. \u0000Discussion: The high yield suggests methanol as an effective solvent. Phytochemical composition aligns with traditional uses, and the prevalence of alkaloids supports reported medicinal applications. Low phenolic content suggests antioxidant effects, while flavonoids may contribute to anti-inflammatory properties. Saponins and tannins indicate potential for antimicrobial and purgative use. The study affirms the safety of the methanol leaf extract. \u0000Conclusion: The study provides valuable insights into the medicinal potential of Cassia sieberiana. The significant alkaloid content, diverse bioactive compounds and demonstrated safety in LD50 determination support its traditional uses. These findings lay a robust foundation for further exploration of Cassia sieberiana in drug development and healthcare applications.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"25 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139448535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-04DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i1663
Adegoke Benjamin O., Adeyemi Isaac O., Adegoke Bosede O., Ojo Ezekiel O., Oni James O., Adeyemi Patrick A., Oyemitan Idris A.
Eclipta alba (Linn) (EA) has been found useful ethnomedicinally in the treatment of many medical conditions especially mental disorders. Aims of the Study: This study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity profile, behavioural activity, antipsychotic and mechanism of action of the Aqueous extract of Eclipta alba (AEA). Methodology: Using Lorke’s method the LD50 of AEA was 1,264 mg/kg (i.p) and 3,807 mg/kg (oral) respectively was obtained, which shows that AEA was moderately toxic. The AEA was analysed using standard procedure: novelty-induced behaviour (NIB), through intraperitoneal route shows that AEA (p < 0.0001) exhibits depressant effects on the central nervous system (CNS), while the antipsychotic models (catalepsy, amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion, swimming-induced grooming and apomorphine-induced climbing tests), (p < 0.0001) reveals that it possesses antipsychotic properties. Conclusion: This study shows that the mechanism of action of AEA (antagonist model: haloperidol, atropine and cyproheptadine) (p < 0.0001) probably mediated via histaminergic, serotonergic and dopamine pathways, which provides scientific support for the ethno-medicinal use of the plant in the treatment of mental illness.
{"title":"Psychoneuropharmacological Properties of Eclipta Alba (LINN) in Mice","authors":"Adegoke Benjamin O., Adeyemi Isaac O., Adegoke Bosede O., Ojo Ezekiel O., Oni James O., Adeyemi Patrick A., Oyemitan Idris A.","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i1663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i1663","url":null,"abstract":"Eclipta alba (Linn) (EA) has been found useful ethnomedicinally in the treatment of many medical conditions especially mental disorders. \u0000Aims of the Study: This study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity profile, behavioural activity, antipsychotic and mechanism of action of the Aqueous extract of Eclipta alba (AEA). \u0000Methodology: Using Lorke’s method the LD50 of AEA was 1,264 mg/kg (i.p) and 3,807 mg/kg (oral) respectively was obtained, which shows that AEA was moderately toxic. The AEA was analysed using standard procedure: novelty-induced behaviour (NIB), through intraperitoneal route shows that AEA (p < 0.0001) exhibits depressant effects on the central nervous system (CNS), while the antipsychotic models (catalepsy, amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion, swimming-induced grooming and apomorphine-induced climbing tests), (p < 0.0001) reveals that it possesses antipsychotic properties. \u0000Conclusion: This study shows that the mechanism of action of AEA (antagonist model: haloperidol, atropine and cyproheptadine) (p < 0.0001) probably mediated via histaminergic, serotonergic and dopamine pathways, which provides scientific support for the ethno-medicinal use of the plant in the treatment of mental illness.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"46 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i1662
G. Nneka, Chukwuma A. Chidiebere
Aim: Respiratory diseases are common causes of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Variations in the pattern of respiratory diseases exist globally, due to environmental conditions, poverty, hygiene and so on. This study sought to determine the pattern of respiratory diseases among children admitted into the emergency ward of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting and Duration of Study: Children Emergency Ward of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, between January 2019 and January 2021. Methodology: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Data were collected from case notes of 3,851 children, aged two months to 18 years, admitted to the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, over three years. Results: Respiratory diseases accounted for 500 (13%) of the total admissions, and was more common among males than females (M: F = 1.3:1). The mean age of children with respiratory illnesses was 2.27±4.6 years. Infectious causes {443 (88.6%)} were significantly higher than non-infectious causes {57 (11.4%)}, p<0.001. Bronchopneumonia, bronchial asthma and bronchiolitis were the commonest morbidities seen, accounting for 394 (78.8%), 34 (6.8%) and 22 (4.4%) of cases respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of respiratory diseases is high. Infectious causes are still prevalent with cases presenting more during the dry season. Measures to reduce environmental pollution and enhance immunization can greatly reduce respiratory diseases among children.
{"title":"The Pattern of Respiratory Diseases among Children Admitted in the Children Emergency Ward, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"G. Nneka, Chukwuma A. Chidiebere","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i1662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i1662","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Respiratory diseases are common causes of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Variations in the pattern of respiratory diseases exist globally, due to environmental conditions, poverty, hygiene and so on. This study sought to determine the pattern of respiratory diseases among children admitted into the emergency ward of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. \u0000Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. \u0000Setting and Duration of Study: Children Emergency Ward of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, between January 2019 and January 2021. \u0000Methodology: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Data were collected from case notes of 3,851 children, aged two months to 18 years, admitted to the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, over three years. \u0000Results: Respiratory diseases accounted for 500 (13%) of the total admissions, and was more common among males than females (M: F = 1.3:1). The mean age of children with respiratory illnesses was 2.27±4.6 years. Infectious causes {443 (88.6%)} were significantly higher than non-infectious causes {57 (11.4%)}, p<0.001. Bronchopneumonia, bronchial asthma and bronchiolitis were the commonest morbidities seen, accounting for 394 (78.8%), 34 (6.8%) and 22 (4.4%) of cases respectively. \u0000Conclusion: The prevalence of respiratory diseases is high. Infectious causes are still prevalent with cases presenting more during the dry season. Measures to reduce environmental pollution and enhance immunization can greatly reduce respiratory diseases among children.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"99 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139390338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i12661
Auwalu Muttaka, Jafar Usman
In Nigeria, the use of dry nasal snuff is spreading considerably throughout all age groups in both rural and urban areas. This is due to various ethno-cultural beliefs that have not been scientifically confirmed. Various people do not realize the negative impact of snuff on one's health, such as liver and kidneys failure, elevation of blood pressure, and a higher chance of oral cancer. The hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of the local nasal snuff on snuff addicted individual was poorly understood. This study was carried out on snuff addicted individuals to assess hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of the local nasal snuff. One hundred and fifty individuals used in the study were group into three of fifty people each. Group one served as a control which include individuals who never use snuff, Groups two and three comprise individuals who are addicted to snuff, with ages ranging from 18 to 30, and above thirty, respectively. The hepatotoxicity study revealed that, there were significant (p<0.05) increase in concentration of ALT, AST, Total Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin of group two and group three compared with control. The concentration of ALT, AST, Total Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin of group three were also significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of group two. While there were significant (p<0.05) decrease in concentration of total protein and albumin in group two and three compared with control. The nephrotoxicity study revealed that, there were significant (p<0.05) increase in concentration of creatinine of group two and group three compared with control. The concentration of creatinine in group three was even significantly higher than that of group two. Whereas, there were significant (p<0.05) decrease in concentration of Urea, Sodium, Potassium and Chlorine in group two and three compared with control. This study was concluded that, there was health risks (Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity) associated with snuff addiction.
{"title":"Investigation of Hepatic and Renal Parameters Content in Blood Samples of Snuff Addicted Individuals in Gusau Metropolis","authors":"Auwalu Muttaka, Jafar Usman","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i12661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i12661","url":null,"abstract":"In Nigeria, the use of dry nasal snuff is spreading considerably throughout all age groups in both rural and urban areas. This is due to various ethno-cultural beliefs that have not been scientifically confirmed. Various people do not realize the negative impact of snuff on one's health, such as liver and kidneys failure, elevation of blood pressure, and a higher chance of oral cancer. The hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of the local nasal snuff on snuff addicted individual was poorly understood. This study was carried out on snuff addicted individuals to assess hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of the local nasal snuff. One hundred and fifty individuals used in the study were group into three of fifty people each. Group one served as a control which include individuals who never use snuff, Groups two and three comprise individuals who are addicted to snuff, with ages ranging from 18 to 30, and above thirty, respectively. The hepatotoxicity study revealed that, there were significant (p<0.05) increase in concentration of ALT, AST, Total Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin of group two and group three compared with control. The concentration of ALT, AST, Total Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin of group three were also significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of group two. While there were significant (p<0.05) decrease in concentration of total protein and albumin in group two and three compared with control. The nephrotoxicity study revealed that, there were significant (p<0.05) increase in concentration of creatinine of group two and group three compared with control. The concentration of creatinine in group three was even significantly higher than that of group two. Whereas, there were significant (p<0.05) decrease in concentration of Urea, Sodium, Potassium and Chlorine in group two and three compared with control. This study was concluded that, there was health risks (Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity) associated with snuff addiction.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"36 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138949863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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