Harlequin ichthyosis, an exceptionally rare and severe genetic skin disorder, presents a unique intersection of genetics, skin biology, and clinical manifestation. This congenital condition, a severe form of ichthyosis, has captivated the medical community due to its striking clinical features. It arises from genetic mutations in the ABCA12 gene, disrupting skin barrier formation. The clinical presentation is characterized by diamond-shaped scales, facial distortions, and medical challenges, particularly in neonates. Historical accounts have contributed to our evolving understanding, culminating in recent genetic advancements. While no cure exists, treatment involves a combination of medical interventions and supportive care. The psychosocial impact on affected individuals and families is profound. Despite challenges, the future is promising, driven by genomics, precision medicine, novel therapies, and collaborative research. Harlequin ichthyosis represents a remarkable example of progress at the intersection of science and compassion.
{"title":"Harlequin Ichthyosis: A Rare Skin Disorder","authors":"Pooja Palandurkar, Doulisa Jain, Pavankumar Wankhade","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i11649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i11649","url":null,"abstract":"Harlequin ichthyosis, an exceptionally rare and severe genetic skin disorder, presents a unique intersection of genetics, skin biology, and clinical manifestation. This congenital condition, a severe form of ichthyosis, has captivated the medical community due to its striking clinical features. It arises from genetic mutations in the ABCA12 gene, disrupting skin barrier formation. The clinical presentation is characterized by diamond-shaped scales, facial distortions, and medical challenges, particularly in neonates. Historical accounts have contributed to our evolving understanding, culminating in recent genetic advancements. While no cure exists, treatment involves a combination of medical interventions and supportive care. The psychosocial impact on affected individuals and families is profound. Despite challenges, the future is promising, driven by genomics, precision medicine, novel therapies, and collaborative research. Harlequin ichthyosis represents a remarkable example of progress at the intersection of science and compassion.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"108 28","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135137110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i10648
M. Bello, Z. U. Umar, A. S. Mainasara, S. A. Akuyam, M. K. Dallatu, T. Oduola, M. H. Yeldu, B. U. Tambuwal, P. A. Okafor, U. Abubakar, Y. Ibrahim, H M. Maiturare, B. A. Hassan
Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) represents one of the most frequent public health problems with increasing prevalence worldwide. This condition is caused by increased hepatic glucose production, lower insulin secretion, and impaired insulin action. Subsequently, the lipid is used as an alternative resource of cellular energy, resulting in abnormalities of lipid metabolism.
Aim: To determine effects of Bee Bread on Serum Lipid Profile in Alloxan Induced Diabetic rats
Methodology: A total thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped in to five. Gp1: Non-DM, Gp2: DM Naïve, Gp3: DM + 200BB, Gp4: DM + 400BB and Gp5: DM + Metformin. Animals were induced with DM following single injection of freshly prepared alloxan in normal saline. Animals were treated for three weeks before they were sacrificed using chloroform sedation. Blood samples were collected for Serum Lipid Profile analysis.
Results: When compared, Serum TC, TG, and LDL-C were significantly higher in the DM group compared to Non-DM, BB administered and DM + Metformin groups.
Reduction in these lipids was achieved with the administration of Bee Bread. HDL-C was significantly lower in the DM group, compared to other groups. The study revealed improvements in serum HDL-C with the administration of Bee Bread.
Conclusion: Bee Bread causes reduction in lipids and improves HDL-C in Diabetic Rats.
{"title":"Effects of Bee Bread on Serum Lipid Profile in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Female Rats","authors":"M. Bello, Z. U. Umar, A. S. Mainasara, S. A. Akuyam, M. K. Dallatu, T. Oduola, M. H. Yeldu, B. U. Tambuwal, P. A. Okafor, U. Abubakar, Y. Ibrahim, H M. Maiturare, B. A. Hassan","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i10648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i10648","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) represents one of the most frequent public health problems with increasing prevalence worldwide. This condition is caused by increased hepatic glucose production, lower insulin secretion, and impaired insulin action. Subsequently, the lipid is used as an alternative resource of cellular energy, resulting in abnormalities of lipid metabolism.
 Aim: To determine effects of Bee Bread on Serum Lipid Profile in Alloxan Induced Diabetic rats
 Methodology: A total thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped in to five. Gp1: Non-DM, Gp2: DM Naïve, Gp3: DM + 200BB, Gp4: DM + 400BB and Gp5: DM + Metformin. Animals were induced with DM following single injection of freshly prepared alloxan in normal saline. Animals were treated for three weeks before they were sacrificed using chloroform sedation. Blood samples were collected for Serum Lipid Profile analysis.
 Results: When compared, Serum TC, TG, and LDL-C were significantly higher in the DM group compared to Non-DM, BB administered and DM + Metformin groups.
 Reduction in these lipids was achieved with the administration of Bee Bread. HDL-C was significantly lower in the DM group, compared to other groups. The study revealed improvements in serum HDL-C with the administration of Bee Bread.
 Conclusion: Bee Bread causes reduction in lipids and improves HDL-C in Diabetic Rats.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"80 S354","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135342532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i10647
Churchhill O. Osagie, Chinomnso C. Nnebue, Chijioke A. Ezenyeaku, Martin N. Okolie, Abuchi E. Nwafia, Ifeoma B. Udigwe, Achunam S. Nwabueze, Chika F. Ubajaka
Background: Poor reportage of adverse drug reaction has been linked o. increase in morbidity, mortality and economic burden of diseases and health related conditions.
Objective: To determine the effects of health education on knowledge, attitude and practice of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting among community pharmacists practicing in Anambra State.
Methods: This interventional study was conducted among Community Pharmacists in Anambra State. Simple random sampling technique was used. Pre-tested, semi-structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on respondents’ socio-demographics, knowledge of, attitude to and practice of ADR reporting Associations between variables were tested using Chi-square and Binary logistic regression at 5% level of significance. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 23.
Results: The mean age of the respondents was 46.5±11.2 years. Post intervention result shows that there was an increase in knowledge of ADR reporting in the intervention group from 52% to 95.3%. There was a decrease in knowledge of ADRs reporting in the control group from 47.3% to44.7%. There was a statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group on their attitude towards ADR reporting (p<0.05). Only 26.7% of the test group had filled a spontaneous reporting ADR form prior to this study compared to 18% from the control group and is associated with the effect of health education intervention.
Conclusions: There was underreporting of ADRs, associated with gaps in the knowledge, attitude and practice among the community pharmacists studied. There is need for focused continuous health education interventions on ADR reporting among them.
背景:药物不良反应报告不足与疾病和健康相关病症的发病率、死亡率和经济负担增加有关。
目的:了解健康教育对阿南布拉州执业社区药师药品不良反应(ADR)报告知识、态度和行为的影响。方法:对阿南布拉州社区药师进行介入研究。采用简单随机抽样技术。采用预测的半结构化自填问卷收集调查对象的社会人口统计学、不良反应报告的知识、态度和实践等方面的数据。变量之间的关联采用卡方和二元logistic回归进行检验，显著性水平为5%。获得的数据使用SPSS version 23进行分析。
结果:调查对象平均年龄为46.5±11.2岁。干预后结果显示，干预组对不良反应报告的知晓率由52%提高到95.3%。对照组对不良反应报告的知晓率从47.3%降至44.7%。实验组与对照组对不良反应报告的态度差异有统计学意义(p < 0.05)。在这项研究之前，实验组中只有26.7%的人填写了自发报告不良反应表格，而对照组中这一比例为18%，这与健康教育干预的效果有关。
结论:所研究的社区药师存在不良反应的少报现象，这与他们的知识、态度和实践存在差距有关。有必要重点开展持续的健康教育干预措施，促进他们报告不良反应。
{"title":"Effects of Health Education on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting among Community Pharmacists in Anambra State, Nigeria","authors":"Churchhill O. Osagie, Chinomnso C. Nnebue, Chijioke A. Ezenyeaku, Martin N. Okolie, Abuchi E. Nwafia, Ifeoma B. Udigwe, Achunam S. Nwabueze, Chika F. Ubajaka","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i10647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i10647","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Poor reportage of adverse drug reaction has been linked o. increase in morbidity, mortality and economic burden of diseases and health related conditions.
 Objective: To determine the effects of health education on knowledge, attitude and practice of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting among community pharmacists practicing in Anambra State.
 Methods: This interventional study was conducted among Community Pharmacists in Anambra State. Simple random sampling technique was used. Pre-tested, semi-structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on respondents’ socio-demographics, knowledge of, attitude to and practice of ADR reporting Associations between variables were tested using Chi-square and Binary logistic regression at 5% level of significance. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 23.
 Results: The mean age of the respondents was 46.5±11.2 years. Post intervention result shows that there was an increase in knowledge of ADR reporting in the intervention group from 52% to 95.3%. There was a decrease in knowledge of ADRs reporting in the control group from 47.3% to44.7%. There was a statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group on their attitude towards ADR reporting (p<0.05). Only 26.7% of the test group had filled a spontaneous reporting ADR form prior to this study compared to 18% from the control group and is associated with the effect of health education intervention.
 Conclusions: There was underreporting of ADRs, associated with gaps in the knowledge, attitude and practice among the community pharmacists studied. There is need for focused continuous health education interventions on ADR reporting among them.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"24 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-04DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i10646
Hussain Ahmad Khaqan, Laraib Hassan, Aamna Jabran, Hafiz Ateeq Ur Rehman, Muhammad Ali Haider, Hasnain Muhammad Bukhsh, Ahmad Fauzan, Muhammad Usman Zia
Uveitis tends to afflict younger age groups than other eye disorders like cataract and glaucoma, which typically affect the elderly. The frequency and prevalence of infectious ocular inflammation may vary greatly depending on the etiological agent and geographical location. This study found that the most frequent causes of infectious uveitis, which can account for up to 20% of all cases of uveitis in the developed world, are toxoplasmosis and herpetic infection. We found out that uveitis was more prevalent in the female population and that too in the younger age group having anterior uveitis more common.
{"title":"Incidence of Uveitis in Local Population of Lahore","authors":"Hussain Ahmad Khaqan, Laraib Hassan, Aamna Jabran, Hafiz Ateeq Ur Rehman, Muhammad Ali Haider, Hasnain Muhammad Bukhsh, Ahmad Fauzan, Muhammad Usman Zia","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i10646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i10646","url":null,"abstract":"Uveitis tends to afflict younger age groups than other eye disorders like cataract and glaucoma, which typically affect the elderly. The frequency and prevalence of infectious ocular inflammation may vary greatly depending on the etiological agent and geographical location. This study found that the most frequent causes of infectious uveitis, which can account for up to 20% of all cases of uveitis in the developed world, are toxoplasmosis and herpetic infection. We found out that uveitis was more prevalent in the female population and that too in the younger age group having anterior uveitis more common.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"84 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135774106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i10645
Emmanuel Auchi Edafe, Johnbull Jumbo
Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the recommended reperfusion approach in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), When conducted in a timely and by skilled operators. This technique, however, has proven to have limitations in areas without PCI facilities and with long wait times between the initial medical contact and balloon because to logistical issues and a lack of skilled operators. In STEMI patients, pre-treatment with a fibrinolytic prior to PCI has the potential to give early pharmacologic reperfusion before definitive PCI. According to current evidence, assisted PCI has no advantage over main PCI. The role for pharmaco-invasive reperfusion, defined as pharmacological re-perfusion followed by rapid transfer for routine delayed coronary angiography and PCI may still be considered in centers without on-site PCI capability.
Patients presenting with STEMI in Nigeria have a lot of challenges which include delay in decision making, cost of revascularization, religious believes, ignorance and availability of cardiac catheterization and the skillful personnel for the operation. To meet with the demand and challenges of Myocardial infarction in Nigeria, we need the mode of treatment that is beneficial, cost effective and lifesaving. Hence, pharmaco-invasive is the way for Nigeria and other low-income countries of sub-Saharan Africa.
{"title":"Pharmaco-Invasive Therapy is a Critical Option in Nigerian Stemi Treatment: A Review","authors":"Emmanuel Auchi Edafe, Johnbull Jumbo","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i10645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i10645","url":null,"abstract":"Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the recommended reperfusion approach in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), When conducted in a timely and by skilled operators. This technique, however, has proven to have limitations in areas without PCI facilities and with long wait times between the initial medical contact and balloon because to logistical issues and a lack of skilled operators. In STEMI patients, pre-treatment with a fibrinolytic prior to PCI has the potential to give early pharmacologic reperfusion before definitive PCI. According to current evidence, assisted PCI has no advantage over main PCI. The role for pharmaco-invasive reperfusion, defined as pharmacological re-perfusion followed by rapid transfer for routine delayed coronary angiography and PCI may still be considered in centers without on-site PCI capability.
 Patients presenting with STEMI in Nigeria have a lot of challenges which include delay in decision making, cost of revascularization, religious believes, ignorance and availability of cardiac catheterization and the skillful personnel for the operation. To meet with the demand and challenges of Myocardial infarction in Nigeria, we need the mode of treatment that is beneficial, cost effective and lifesaving. Hence, pharmaco-invasive is the way for Nigeria and other low-income countries of sub-Saharan Africa.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs) are commonly used to treat various types of pain and inflammation. In recent decades, extensive scientific research has been conducted to examine the use of NSAIDs in the treatment and prevention of cancer. Chronic inflammation has been linked to various cancer types, suggesting that prolonged inflammation can promote genetic mutations and accelerate their accumulation within cells. The COX pathway, short for Cyclooxygenase pathway, is a critical biochemical pathway in the human body involved in the production of important signaling molecules called prostaglandins. Key factors like COX enzymes and cytokines are important in the development and progression of inflammation-induced cancer. Angiogenesis occurs during inflammation, and it plays a major role in cancer development and metastasis. NSAIDs inhibit this process, which may also contribute to their anticancer effects. This review highlights the potential of NSAIDs, particularly aspirin, ibuprofen, and celecoxib, to influence various aspects of tumor behavior. Although promising, further rigorous studies are needed to establish their clinical efficacy and safety in diverse cancer scenarios. The use of NSAIDs as adjunctive therapies along with conventional treatments presents a promising avenue for enhancing cancer management strategies.
{"title":"From Pain Relief to Cancer Defense: The Promise of NSAIDs","authors":"None Senthilnathan V., None Priyadharshini V., None Jenifer Selin Asha J.","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i9643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i9643","url":null,"abstract":"NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs) are commonly used to treat various types of pain and inflammation. In recent decades, extensive scientific research has been conducted to examine the use of NSAIDs in the treatment and prevention of cancer. Chronic inflammation has been linked to various cancer types, suggesting that prolonged inflammation can promote genetic mutations and accelerate their accumulation within cells. The COX pathway, short for Cyclooxygenase pathway, is a critical biochemical pathway in the human body involved in the production of important signaling molecules called prostaglandins. Key factors like COX enzymes and cytokines are important in the development and progression of inflammation-induced cancer. Angiogenesis occurs during inflammation, and it plays a major role in cancer development and metastasis. NSAIDs inhibit this process, which may also contribute to their anticancer effects. This review highlights the potential of NSAIDs, particularly aspirin, ibuprofen, and celecoxib, to influence various aspects of tumor behavior. Although promising, further rigorous studies are needed to establish their clinical efficacy and safety in diverse cancer scenarios. The use of NSAIDs as adjunctive therapies along with conventional treatments presents a promising avenue for enhancing cancer management strategies.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i10644
Abubakar Bello, Usman Jibrin Danjuma
Introduction: Anthropometric measurements have been carried out in many studies to segregate people into races, ethnicity and various biological traits in the past. Such studies include cephalometry being deployed because of its significance in forensic and clinical evaluations of individuals. The objective of this study is to determine the correlation between the shape types of the orbit with different age groups and their prevalence using simple skull X-rays.
Materials and Methods: Plain X-rays of the skull with posteroanterior exposures were obtained for a retrospective period of 5-year period from 2004 to 2009. The selected radiographs were those based on clear recognition of their orbital margins assessed by 2 experienced Radiologist who determined the shapes of the orbits as being oval, circular or quadrangular. Out of total of five hundred (500) plain X-rays of the skull obtained, only 255 satisfied the inclusion criteria.
The data was analyzed statistically using INSTAT software to compare the mean values in relation to age distribution of the subjects with the Student’s T-Test. Chi-Square (with Yates correction) was used for the comparison of proportions.
Results: In the first 30 years of postnatal life, the oval shape orbit had been found to be more predominant with values of 22(64.7%), 17(30.9%), and 27(38.0%) respectively. As from the age of 30 to 70 years, the circular type had values of 16(34.0%), 8(33.3%), and 8(61.5%) respectively in each of the decades. Between the age of 60 to 70 years, the oval and circular types had equal prevalences.
Conclusions: In addition to the known oval and quadrangular (triangular) types of orbital shape, this study revealed a 3rd type of orbit which we described as circular in shaped. The oval type of orbit is found to be more common from birth to age of 30 years but from but from 40 to 70 years the circular type predominates.
{"title":"Use of Simple Skull Radiographs in Orbital Correlations in Nigeria","authors":"Abubakar Bello, Usman Jibrin Danjuma","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i10644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i10644","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Anthropometric measurements have been carried out in many studies to segregate people into races, ethnicity and various biological traits in the past. Such studies include cephalometry being deployed because of its significance in forensic and clinical evaluations of individuals. The objective of this study is to determine the correlation between the shape types of the orbit with different age groups and their prevalence using simple skull X-rays.
 Materials and Methods: Plain X-rays of the skull with posteroanterior exposures were obtained for a retrospective period of 5-year period from 2004 to 2009. The selected radiographs were those based on clear recognition of their orbital margins assessed by 2 experienced Radiologist who determined the shapes of the orbits as being oval, circular or quadrangular. Out of total of five hundred (500) plain X-rays of the skull obtained, only 255 satisfied the inclusion criteria.
 The data was analyzed statistically using INSTAT software to compare the mean values in relation to age distribution of the subjects with the Student’s T-Test. Chi-Square (with Yates correction) was used for the comparison of proportions.
 Results: In the first 30 years of postnatal life, the oval shape orbit had been found to be more predominant with values of 22(64.7%), 17(30.9%), and 27(38.0%) respectively. As from the age of 30 to 70 years, the circular type had values of 16(34.0%), 8(33.3%), and 8(61.5%) respectively in each of the decades. Between the age of 60 to 70 years, the oval and circular types had equal prevalences.
 Conclusions: In addition to the known oval and quadrangular (triangular) types of orbital shape, this study revealed a 3rd type of orbit which we described as circular in shaped. The oval type of orbit is found to be more common from birth to age of 30 years but from but from 40 to 70 years the circular type predominates.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135968453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i9640
Ali Sabior Dawuda, Amidu Abdul-Aziz
Background: The rising mortality rate of diabetes mellitus and the upsurge in diabetes complications is very alarming. This has been attributed to the poor knowledge patients living with diabetes have on diabetes and its management, especially the nutritional management.
Objective: This study sought to explore the knowledge on knowledge on diabetes and nutrition among patients living with diabetes mellitus who attended clinic at the Bono Regional Hospital.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive quantitative research design was used for this study. Simple random sampling was used to recruit 150 participants for the study. The participants were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Respondents were recruited from the clinic until the desired sample size was obtained. A pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Dietary habits were assessed using food frequency questionnaire and BMI was assessed following standard procedure and compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS (Version 20). Chi-square test was used to determine the association between variables. The level of significance was set at p-value less than 5%.
Results: The study revealed that the participants have adequate knowledge on DM and Nutrition. Majority of Participants in had high knowledge on diabetes and nutrition, 77.3%. This was associated with adequate education by their health care providers and with strong beliefs in modern medicines as well as diet therapy, which influenced attitudes and practices on Diabetes. Overall, good dietary practice among the participants was 57.3%. Age and level of education were found to be significantly associated with knowledge of diabetes and nutrition whiles gender, religion, occupation, ethnicity, marital status were not significantly associated with knowledge level of diabetes and nutrition.
Conclusion and Recommendation: Dietary counselling will be necessary to improve the dietary pattern and nutritional status of the diabetic patients.
{"title":"Nutritional Knowledge and Dietary Habits among Diabetic Patients at the Bono Regional Hospital, Sunyani, Ghana","authors":"Ali Sabior Dawuda, Amidu Abdul-Aziz","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i9640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i9640","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The rising mortality rate of diabetes mellitus and the upsurge in diabetes complications is very alarming. This has been attributed to the poor knowledge patients living with diabetes have on diabetes and its management, especially the nutritional management.
 Objective: This study sought to explore the knowledge on knowledge on diabetes and nutrition among patients living with diabetes mellitus who attended clinic at the Bono Regional Hospital.
 Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive quantitative research design was used for this study. Simple random sampling was used to recruit 150 participants for the study. The participants were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Respondents were recruited from the clinic until the desired sample size was obtained. A pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Dietary habits were assessed using food frequency questionnaire and BMI was assessed following standard procedure and compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS (Version 20). Chi-square test was used to determine the association between variables. The level of significance was set at p-value less than 5%.
 Results: The study revealed that the participants have adequate knowledge on DM and Nutrition. Majority of Participants in had high knowledge on diabetes and nutrition, 77.3%. This was associated with adequate education by their health care providers and with strong beliefs in modern medicines as well as diet therapy, which influenced attitudes and practices on Diabetes. Overall, good dietary practice among the participants was 57.3%. Age and level of education were found to be significantly associated with knowledge of diabetes and nutrition whiles gender, religion, occupation, ethnicity, marital status were not significantly associated with knowledge level of diabetes and nutrition.
 Conclusion and Recommendation: Dietary counselling will be necessary to improve the dietary pattern and nutritional status of the diabetic patients.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i9642
Mazen Gharsan Al-Gharsan
Introduction: Researchers worldwide are currently seeking innovative treatment options to combat the alarming increase in bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Staphylococcus aureus, a frequently encountered and potentially life-threatening bacterium, has become particularly problematic. Linezolid is one of the few medicines on the market that can treat bacteria resistant to other antibiotics. This is the first antibacterial oxazolidinone that has shown to be therapeutically efficacious. Linezolid is a new Oxazolidinone medicine. It kills a broad spectrum of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus.
Objectives: To reduce non-target organ adverse effects associated with frequent and chronic Linezolid usage, we developed biodegradable, lung-targeted microspheres with sustained release profile.
Methods: In this work, a Buchi B-90 nanospray drier was used to prepare a Linezolid-loaded carbopol microsphere (CLSMO)-based formulation. The spray-drying process was optimized using a face-centered central composite design (CCD).
Results: The average particle size was 7.516 µm, and the surface of the microspheres was shriveled, according to scanning electron microscope imaging. Drug content and yield were determined to be 73% 3.1% and 72% ± 2.4%., respectively, and drug release (99.1%) peaked for up to 12 hours in vitro. FTIR spectral analysis results suggest that there are no significant physical and chemical interactions between the functional groups of Linezolid and carbopol 934P polymer which ultimately form a stable blend. Linezolid, Carbopol, and CLSMO all had XRD patterns that showed the linezolid would be molecularly dispersed in the polymer. The DSC findings revealed the drug's amorphous nature, which explains the absence of characteristic peaks, indicating a lack of well-defined crystalline structure.
Conclusion: The optimized formulation shows significant potential for use as a drug-delivery system in in-vivo applications, particularly in targeted drug delivery to the lungs.
{"title":"Spray-dried, Biodegradable, Linezolid-loaded Microspheres for Use in the Treatment of Lung Diseases","authors":"Mazen Gharsan Al-Gharsan","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i9642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i9642","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Researchers worldwide are currently seeking innovative treatment options to combat the alarming increase in bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Staphylococcus aureus, a frequently encountered and potentially life-threatening bacterium, has become particularly problematic. Linezolid is one of the few medicines on the market that can treat bacteria resistant to other antibiotics. This is the first antibacterial oxazolidinone that has shown to be therapeutically efficacious. Linezolid is a new Oxazolidinone medicine. It kills a broad spectrum of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus.
 Objectives: To reduce non-target organ adverse effects associated with frequent and chronic Linezolid usage, we developed biodegradable, lung-targeted microspheres with sustained release profile.
 Methods: In this work, a Buchi B-90 nanospray drier was used to prepare a Linezolid-loaded carbopol microsphere (CLSMO)-based formulation. The spray-drying process was optimized using a face-centered central composite design (CCD).
 Results: The average particle size was 7.516 µm, and the surface of the microspheres was shriveled, according to scanning electron microscope imaging. Drug content and yield were determined to be 73% 3.1% and 72% ± 2.4%., respectively, and drug release (99.1%) peaked for up to 12 hours in vitro. FTIR spectral analysis results suggest that there are no significant physical and chemical interactions between the functional groups of Linezolid and carbopol 934P polymer which ultimately form a stable blend. Linezolid, Carbopol, and CLSMO all had XRD patterns that showed the linezolid would be molecularly dispersed in the polymer. The DSC findings revealed the drug's amorphous nature, which explains the absence of characteristic peaks, indicating a lack of well-defined crystalline structure.
 Conclusion: The optimized formulation shows significant potential for use as a drug-delivery system in in-vivo applications, particularly in targeted drug delivery to the lungs.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i9639
Uchenna Ogbu Nwosu, Francis Amadi Ibiam, Christiana Onyemaechi Amadi-Ibiam, Ugonna Cassandra Aniokete, Chidinma Stacy Iroha, Ikemesit Udeme Peter, Ifeanyichukwu Romanus Iroha
The emergence of resistance to the frequent use of empirical treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is on the increase. This study was designed to determine the antimicrobial Resistance profile of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolated from human clinical samples in Ebonyi State. A non-duplicated stool culture of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi of patients diagnosed with typhoid fever at General Hospital Onicha Igboeze were collected from the hospital ward namely: A & E (n = 4), MS (n = 3), FS (n = 3), PD (n = 7), LW (n = 4), ORT (n = 1), LAB (n = 17), THE (n = 9), GOPD (n = 4), MM (n = 3). Antimicrobial studies of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi were determined using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. The proportion of resistance ranges from 33 %-100% against colistin, cefepime, nalidixic acid, cefoxitin, amikacin, cefuroxime, and piperacillin-tazobactam but isolates were only susceptible to meropenem 100%. The use of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of Salmonella enterica serovar typhi infection should be guided with antimicrobial susceptibility testing, Nonetheless, the diversity of the Salmonella isolates as a result of the dissemination of these resistant genes is a call for concern and emphasizes a need for an extensive investigation for the presence of these genes in Ebonyi State as well as the implementation of strict antimicrobial policies in a bid to restrict the spread of these resistance genes and prevent the emergence of new resistant strains.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Salmonella enterica Serovar typhi Isolated from Human Clinical Samples in Ebonyi State, Nigeria","authors":"Uchenna Ogbu Nwosu, Francis Amadi Ibiam, Christiana Onyemaechi Amadi-Ibiam, Ugonna Cassandra Aniokete, Chidinma Stacy Iroha, Ikemesit Udeme Peter, Ifeanyichukwu Romanus Iroha","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i9639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i9639","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of resistance to the frequent use of empirical treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is on the increase. This study was designed to determine the antimicrobial Resistance profile of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolated from human clinical samples in Ebonyi State. A non-duplicated stool culture of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi of patients diagnosed with typhoid fever at General Hospital Onicha Igboeze were collected from the hospital ward namely: A & E (n = 4), MS (n = 3), FS (n = 3), PD (n = 7), LW (n = 4), ORT (n = 1), LAB (n = 17), THE (n = 9), GOPD (n = 4), MM (n = 3). Antimicrobial studies of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi were determined using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. The proportion of resistance ranges from 33 %-100% against colistin, cefepime, nalidixic acid, cefoxitin, amikacin, cefuroxime, and piperacillin-tazobactam but isolates were only susceptible to meropenem 100%. The use of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of Salmonella enterica serovar typhi infection should be guided with antimicrobial susceptibility testing, Nonetheless, the diversity of the Salmonella isolates as a result of the dissemination of these resistant genes is a call for concern and emphasizes a need for an extensive investigation for the presence of these genes in Ebonyi State as well as the implementation of strict antimicrobial policies in a bid to restrict the spread of these resistance genes and prevent the emergence of new resistant strains.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134975067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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