Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i9637
Uchenna Estella Odoh, Payare L. Sangwan, Chinenye Cynthia Odo
Background: Ursolic acid, a pentacyclic terpenoid carboxylic acid widely found in medicinal plants has been reported to have multifarious biological activities such as antiinflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, and antioxidant activities.
Aim: To evaluate the antidiabetic and antiinflammatory activities of Ursolic acid isolated from dichloromethane: methanol extract of leaves of Stachytarpheta jamiacensis (L) Vahl (Verbenaceae) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
Methods: A dichloromethane: methanol (1:1) leaves extract was prepared by cold maceration. Dichloromethane fraction obtained from the dichloromethane: methanol extract was subjected to column chromatography and eluted with different solvents of increasing polarity to isolate the bioactive compounds. The structure of the isolated compound was elucidated using spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, MS). Phytochemical analysis of the isolate and acute toxicity study was done following standard procedures. The anti-diabetic potential was assessed by determining fasting blood glucose level on hyperglycemic rats at the dose of 25 and 50 mg/kg for a period of 14days. The isolated compounds’ antiinflammatory activity was investigated using egg albumin-induced rat paw edema in mice at dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight.
Results: Ursolic acid (3-beta-3hyrdoxy-urs-12-ene -8- oic-acid) isolated from dichloromethane: methanol extract of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis showed significant (p<0.05) reduction (72.79 and 79.77%) in fasting blood glucose levels at the dose of 25 and 50 mg/kg respectively in treated diabetic animals when compared with the diabetic control. A 77.77 % reduction was observed for standard drug (glibenclamide). Ursolic acid at 20 mg/kg exhibited a maximum inhibition (75.00%, p<0.05) of carrageenan-induced ear edema in mice. It showed positive for terpenoids. There was no death recorded in the acute toxicity test at doses of up to 5000 mg/kg.
Conclusion: The results demonstrate that ursolic acid isolated from dichloromethane: methanol extract of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L) Vahl possesses significant anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activity.
{"title":"Antidiabetic and Antiinflammatory Activities of Ursolic Acid (3 - beta-3hyrdoxy-urs-12-ene -8-oic-acid), a Triterpenoid from Leaves of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L) Vahl (Verbennaceae)","authors":"Uchenna Estella Odoh, Payare L. Sangwan, Chinenye Cynthia Odo","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i9637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i9637","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ursolic acid, a pentacyclic terpenoid carboxylic acid widely found in medicinal plants has been reported to have multifarious biological activities such as antiinflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, and antioxidant activities.
 Aim: To evaluate the antidiabetic and antiinflammatory activities of Ursolic acid isolated from dichloromethane: methanol extract of leaves of Stachytarpheta jamiacensis (L) Vahl (Verbenaceae) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
 Methods: A dichloromethane: methanol (1:1) leaves extract was prepared by cold maceration. Dichloromethane fraction obtained from the dichloromethane: methanol extract was subjected to column chromatography and eluted with different solvents of increasing polarity to isolate the bioactive compounds. The structure of the isolated compound was elucidated using spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, MS). Phytochemical analysis of the isolate and acute toxicity study was done following standard procedures. The anti-diabetic potential was assessed by determining fasting blood glucose level on hyperglycemic rats at the dose of 25 and 50 mg/kg for a period of 14days. The isolated compounds’ antiinflammatory activity was investigated using egg albumin-induced rat paw edema in mice at dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight.
 Results: Ursolic acid (3-beta-3hyrdoxy-urs-12-ene -8- oic-acid) isolated from dichloromethane: methanol extract of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis showed significant (p<0.05) reduction (72.79 and 79.77%) in fasting blood glucose levels at the dose of 25 and 50 mg/kg respectively in treated diabetic animals when compared with the diabetic control. A 77.77 % reduction was observed for standard drug (glibenclamide). Ursolic acid at 20 mg/kg exhibited a maximum inhibition (75.00%, p<0.05) of carrageenan-induced ear edema in mice. It showed positive for terpenoids. There was no death recorded in the acute toxicity test at doses of up to 5000 mg/kg.
 Conclusion: The results demonstrate that ursolic acid isolated from dichloromethane: methanol extract of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L) Vahl possesses significant anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activity.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135834778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i8636
Uchenna Estella Odoh, Payare Lal Sangwan, Ikenna Stanley Odoh
Background: Apigenin is a polyphenolic compound that belongs to the class of flavonoids and is considered highly therapeutic.
Aim: To evaluate the antidiabetic activity of apigenin isolated from dichloromethane: methanol extract of leaves of Stachytarpheta jamiacensis (L) Vahl (Verbennaceae) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
Methods: Cold maceration was used to extract the S. jamiacensis powdered leaves with dichloromethane: methanol (1:1). Hexane, dichloromethane, and aqueous methanol fractions of the extract were obtained through fractionation. To isolate the bioactive molecule, the dichloromethane fraction (DCMF) was then subjected to column chromatography and eluted with several solvent mixtures in ascending polarity order. With the aid of data from FTIR, UV, GC-MS, 1HNMR (400MHz), and 13CNMR (101MHz), the structure of the isolated compound was identified. The Phytochemical analysis of the isolate and acute toxicity study was done following standard procedures. The anti-diabetic potential of the isolate was assessed by determining fasting blood glucose levels on alloxan-induced rats at the dose of 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight.
Results: The compound was identified as apigenin (4, 5, 7 – trihydroxy flavones) and showed significant (p<0.05) reduction of 79.56 and 81.74 % in fasting blood glucose levels at the dose of 25 and 50 mg/kg respectively when compared with the standard drug (glibenclamide 83.40 %). The isolate's phytochemical analysis revealed flavonoids and the LD50 test demonstrates that apigenin was not harmful.
Conclusion: The findings show that the apigenin from Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L) Vahl has potent anti-diabetic properties.
{"title":"Antidiabetic Activity of Apigenin (4, 5, 7 – Trihydroxy Flavone) from Leaves of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L) Vahl (Verbennaceae)","authors":"Uchenna Estella Odoh, Payare Lal Sangwan, Ikenna Stanley Odoh","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i8636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i8636","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Apigenin is a polyphenolic compound that belongs to the class of flavonoids and is considered highly therapeutic.
 Aim: To evaluate the antidiabetic activity of apigenin isolated from dichloromethane: methanol extract of leaves of Stachytarpheta jamiacensis (L) Vahl (Verbennaceae) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
 Methods: Cold maceration was used to extract the S. jamiacensis powdered leaves with dichloromethane: methanol (1:1). Hexane, dichloromethane, and aqueous methanol fractions of the extract were obtained through fractionation. To isolate the bioactive molecule, the dichloromethane fraction (DCMF) was then subjected to column chromatography and eluted with several solvent mixtures in ascending polarity order. With the aid of data from FTIR, UV, GC-MS, 1HNMR (400MHz), and 13CNMR (101MHz), the structure of the isolated compound was identified. The Phytochemical analysis of the isolate and acute toxicity study was done following standard procedures. The anti-diabetic potential of the isolate was assessed by determining fasting blood glucose levels on alloxan-induced rats at the dose of 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight.
 Results: The compound was identified as apigenin (4, 5, 7 – trihydroxy flavones) and showed significant (p<0.05) reduction of 79.56 and 81.74 % in fasting blood glucose levels at the dose of 25 and 50 mg/kg respectively when compared with the standard drug (glibenclamide 83.40 %). The isolate's phytochemical analysis revealed flavonoids and the LD50 test demonstrates that apigenin was not harmful.
 Conclusion: The findings show that the apigenin from Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L) Vahl has potent anti-diabetic properties.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"331 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134886633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Heart failure, a global health concern affecting millions, has varying prevalence, classifications, and treatments. Standard therapy includes ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and diuretics. Newer options like ARNIs and sinoatrial node modulators are recommended. There is no previous research on cost disparity in heart failure medication in India. The objective of this research, which aims at reducing treatment costs, increasing adherence to therapy and using medicines more carefully, is to assess the differences in cost between various medicinal products. Methods: The maximum and minimum price of each brand of the drugs given in Indian rupees (INR) was noted by using ‘Drug Today’ (January to April 2023, volume II). The cost range, cost ratio, and the percentage cost variation for individual drug brands were calculated. The cost of tablets/capsule was calculated and the cost ratio and percentage cost variation of various brands was compared. Results: After calculation of cost ratio and percentage cost variation for each brands of drug used in the management of Heart failure, tab Propranolol (40 mg) had a maximum percentage cost variation of 678% and a cost ratio of 7.78 while tab Candesartan (8 mg) had a minimum percentage cost variation of 006% and cost ratio of 1.06. Ideally we use the drug which cost ratio less than 2 and percentage cost variation less than 100. Conclusions: There is a wide variation in the price of different brands of drug used in the management of Heart failure available in India. The clinicians prescribing these drugs should be aware of these variations to reduce the financial burden of drug therapy and improve compliance.
{"title":"Assessment of the Cost Differences and Variability of Medicines for the Treatment of Heart Failure in India","authors":"Chakrapani Kumar, Rajesh Kumar, Akhilesh Kumar Rana, Sunil Kumar Singh, Shruti Singh","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i8635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i8635","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Heart failure, a global health concern affecting millions, has varying prevalence, classifications, and treatments. Standard therapy includes ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and diuretics. Newer options like ARNIs and sinoatrial node modulators are recommended. There is no previous research on cost disparity in heart failure medication in India. The objective of this research, which aims at reducing treatment costs, increasing adherence to therapy and using medicines more carefully, is to assess the differences in cost between various medicinal products. Methods: The maximum and minimum price of each brand of the drugs given in Indian rupees (INR) was noted by using ‘Drug Today’ (January to April 2023, volume II). The cost range, cost ratio, and the percentage cost variation for individual drug brands were calculated. The cost of tablets/capsule was calculated and the cost ratio and percentage cost variation of various brands was compared. Results: After calculation of cost ratio and percentage cost variation for each brands of drug used in the management of Heart failure, tab Propranolol (40 mg) had a maximum percentage cost variation of 678% and a cost ratio of 7.78 while tab Candesartan (8 mg) had a minimum percentage cost variation of 006% and cost ratio of 1.06. Ideally we use the drug which cost ratio less than 2 and percentage cost variation less than 100. Conclusions: There is a wide variation in the price of different brands of drug used in the management of Heart failure available in India. The clinicians prescribing these drugs should be aware of these variations to reduce the financial burden of drug therapy and improve compliance.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-06DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i8634
Chiamaka Maryann Nwarienne, G. E. Igbokwe, D. Ikwuka, U. M. Ezugwu, K. C. Ngobidi
Stress in general captures the process that individuals experience when environmental demands exceed the capacity of an individual, there is consistent evidence that stress is associated with a variety of negative health outcomes which happens through a variety of mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Zingiber officinale and the seeds of Aframomum melegueta extracts on some biochemical and immunological indices of electric foot shock stress-induced Wistar rats. Forty-five Wistar rats were randomized into nine groups (A-I) of five rats per group. Group A served as standard control and was not induced with electric shock, group B served as negative control hence they were induced and untreated, group C served as the positive control and was administered 2.9 mg/kg magnesium while groups D and E were administered 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of Zingiber officinale extract and groups F and G were administered 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of Aframomum melegueta extract respectively, while co extract of Z. officinale and A. melegueta was administered to group H and I at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight respectively. At the end of the experimental period, the animals were sacrificed and the sera obtained were used for bioassay analysis. There was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the cortisol levels of extract-treated groups from week 1 (2.56±0.55 µg/dl) to week 4 (1.85±0.30 µg/dl) compared to the untreated group (3.98±0.69 µg/dl) (week 1) and (8.57±1.31 µg/dl) (week 4) as well as the kidney function test. The liver function test revealed a significant decrease in liver biomarkers (Alanine Aminotransferase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Alkaline Phosphatase, direct bilirubin, and total bilirubin) in the extract-treated groups compared to the untreated control group. The extract of the plants impacted the White blood cell and its differentials while there was a significant decrease in the C-reactive protein in the extract-treated group (2.38±0.22 mg/l) compared to the untreated control (9.93±1.50 mg/l). The findings from this research showed that the extracts of Z. officinale and A. melegueta affects some biochemical and immunological parameters and hence could serve as a potential therapeutic agent to fight against stress and its related disorders.
{"title":"Effects of Zingiber officinale and Seeds of Aframomum melegueta Extract on Some Biochemical and Immunological Indices of Electric Foot Shock Stress-Induced Wistar Rats","authors":"Chiamaka Maryann Nwarienne, G. E. Igbokwe, D. Ikwuka, U. M. Ezugwu, K. C. Ngobidi","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i8634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i8634","url":null,"abstract":"Stress in general captures the process that individuals experience when environmental demands exceed the capacity of an individual, there is consistent evidence that stress is associated with a variety of negative health outcomes which happens through a variety of mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Zingiber officinale and the seeds of Aframomum melegueta extracts on some biochemical and immunological indices of electric foot shock stress-induced Wistar rats. Forty-five Wistar rats were randomized into nine groups (A-I) of five rats per group. Group A served as standard control and was not induced with electric shock, group B served as negative control hence they were induced and untreated, group C served as the positive control and was administered 2.9 mg/kg magnesium while groups D and E were administered 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of Zingiber officinale extract and groups F and G were administered 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of Aframomum melegueta extract respectively, while co extract of Z. officinale and A. melegueta was administered to group H and I at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight respectively. At the end of the experimental period, the animals were sacrificed and the sera obtained were used for bioassay analysis. There was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the cortisol levels of extract-treated groups from week 1 (2.56±0.55 µg/dl) to week 4 (1.85±0.30 µg/dl) compared to the untreated group (3.98±0.69 µg/dl) (week 1) and (8.57±1.31 µg/dl) (week 4) as well as the kidney function test. The liver function test revealed a significant decrease in liver biomarkers (Alanine Aminotransferase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Alkaline Phosphatase, direct bilirubin, and total bilirubin) in the extract-treated groups compared to the untreated control group. The extract of the plants impacted the White blood cell and its differentials while there was a significant decrease in the C-reactive protein in the extract-treated group (2.38±0.22 mg/l) compared to the untreated control (9.93±1.50 mg/l). The findings from this research showed that the extracts of Z. officinale and A. melegueta affects some biochemical and immunological parameters and hence could serve as a potential therapeutic agent to fight against stress and its related disorders.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80894283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-06DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i8633
Aboli Tano-Bla Félicité, K. Elisée, Gbogbo Moussa, B. Maxwell, Kouakou Gisèle-Siransy, D. Joseph
Objective: Alcoholic mixtures are highly appreciated by the Ivorian population to their low cost and for their health claims. Contaminants control and toxicity tests were carried out in order to check the harmlessness of extractable from polyherbal product “Plaie de ventre”. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy of Félix Houphouët-Boigny University for a period of 4 months. Methods: The search for pesticide residues and metallic trace elements was carried out respectively by high-performance liquid phase chromatography and by atomic absorption with air-arc flame ethylene AAS 20, respectively. Subacute oral toxicity study involved daily administration of the extractable from the polyherbal product to three groups of rats for 28 days at doses of 21.06, 42.12, and 84.24 mg/kg bw. Results: The detected residues of pesticides and trace metals in product “Plaie de ventre” mixture were consistent with the standards for their use. Moreover, the administration of extractable from this mixture did not result in any alteration of the body or relative weights of the rats, the structure of the kidney and liver at different doses. Finally, the analysis of the hematological and biochemical parameters indicated a noteworthy escalation (p < 0.05) in levels of white blood cells, blood platelets, and serum triglycerides. Conclusion: The extract from the polyherbal “Plaie de ventre” caused changes in hematological and biochemical parameters compared to control group in treated rats. Consumers may face a long-term risk of developing hyperlipidemia.
{"title":"Control of Chemical Contaminants and Evaluation of Oral Subacute Toxicity of an Alcoholic Polyherbal Product “Plaie de ventre” Marketed for Health Claims in Yopougon (Côte d’Ivoire)","authors":"Aboli Tano-Bla Félicité, K. Elisée, Gbogbo Moussa, B. Maxwell, Kouakou Gisèle-Siransy, D. Joseph","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i8633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i8633","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Alcoholic mixtures are highly appreciated by the Ivorian population to their low cost and for their health claims. Contaminants control and toxicity tests were carried out in order to check the harmlessness of extractable from polyherbal product “Plaie de ventre”. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy of Félix Houphouët-Boigny University for a period of 4 months. \u0000Methods: The search for pesticide residues and metallic trace elements was carried out respectively by high-performance liquid phase chromatography and by atomic absorption with air-arc flame ethylene AAS 20, respectively. Subacute oral toxicity study involved daily administration of the extractable from the polyherbal product to three groups of rats for 28 days at doses of 21.06, 42.12, and 84.24 mg/kg bw. \u0000Results: The detected residues of pesticides and trace metals in product “Plaie de ventre” mixture were consistent with the standards for their use. Moreover, the administration of extractable from this mixture did not result in any alteration of the body or relative weights of the rats, the structure of the kidney and liver at different doses. Finally, the analysis of the hematological and biochemical parameters indicated a noteworthy escalation (p < 0.05) in levels of white blood cells, blood platelets, and serum triglycerides. \u0000Conclusion: The extract from the polyherbal “Plaie de ventre” caused changes in hematological and biochemical parameters compared to control group in treated rats. Consumers may face a long-term risk of developing hyperlipidemia.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75713254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: This study was designed to investigate the effects of leaf extracts of Diospyros malabarica plant (EEDML) on a number of in vitro activities, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and thrombolytic activities, as well as in vivo analgesic activities. Place and Duration of Study: The Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmacology at the Department of Pharmacy and the Laboratory of Microbiology at Stamford University Bangladesh and the Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, conducted this investigation from January 2022 to June 2023. Methodology: The study employed the Egg Albumin Protein Denaturation Assay to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of various doses. The Disk Diffusion Method was employed for conducting an antimicrobial assay. Different tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of thrombolytic and cytotoxic substances. These tests included the Clot Lysis assay and the Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay. In-vivo analgesic testing was conducted using the hot plate method and the acetic acid-induced writhing test. Results: The experimental tests showed significant pain-relieving effects, with inhibition percentages of 46.2% and 66.61% observed at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. The anti-inflammatory test showed a significant inhibition of EEDML at a concentration of 1000μg/mL, with an inhibition rate of 85.45%. The antimicrobial test showed a moderate antimicrobial effect, with a zone of inhibition ranging from 07-15, depending on the microorganism and dosage. The thrombolytic test showed a clot lysis rate of 85.37%, while the cytotoxic test indicated an LC50 value of 1.47. Conclusion: EEDML's phytochemical displays strong pharmacological properties, suggesting its potential for drug discovery in diverse areas.
{"title":"Pharmacological Investigation of In-vitro Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial, Thrombolytic, Cytotoxic and In vivo Analgesic Activities of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Diospyros malabarica","authors":"Maria Chowdhury, Lamia Akter Sultana, Azijun Chowdhury Joya, Hasib Khan Shomudro","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i8630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i8630","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study was designed to investigate the effects of leaf extracts of Diospyros malabarica plant (EEDML) on a number of in vitro activities, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and thrombolytic activities, as well as in vivo analgesic activities. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmacology at the Department of Pharmacy and the Laboratory of Microbiology at Stamford University Bangladesh and the Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, conducted this investigation from January 2022 to June 2023. \u0000Methodology: The study employed the Egg Albumin Protein Denaturation Assay to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of various doses. The Disk Diffusion Method was employed for conducting an antimicrobial assay. Different tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of thrombolytic and cytotoxic substances. These tests included the Clot Lysis assay and the Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay. In-vivo analgesic testing was conducted using the hot plate method and the acetic acid-induced writhing test. \u0000Results: The experimental tests showed significant pain-relieving effects, with inhibition percentages of 46.2% and 66.61% observed at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. The anti-inflammatory test showed a significant inhibition of EEDML at a concentration of 1000μg/mL, with an inhibition rate of 85.45%. The antimicrobial test showed a moderate antimicrobial effect, with a zone of inhibition ranging from 07-15, depending on the microorganism and dosage. The thrombolytic test showed a clot lysis rate of 85.37%, while the cytotoxic test indicated an LC50 value of 1.47. \u0000Conclusion: EEDML's phytochemical displays strong pharmacological properties, suggesting its potential for drug discovery in diverse areas.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83825969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i7632
Bayaga Herve, B. Ngameni, E. Tembe, Mbong Grace Anih, Njinkio Nono Borgia, C. Fokunang
Introduction: In Cameroon, the identification of plants traditionally used to treat diseases remains a necessity. Inflammation from injury leading in some cases to chronic wounds like diabetic ulcer (for diabetic patients) is increasingly becoming a public health concern in Cameroon. As a low-income country, the population attempts to with alternative treatments through the use of herbal products. Cameroon has a rich biodiversity of herbal flora for exploitation of potential bioactive metabolites of pharmaceutical importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify plants and recipes used by some traditional healers in Bankim, Adamaoua Region of Cameroon for the management of chronic wounds. Methodology: After obtaining various administrative and institutional authorizations, an ethnobotanical survey was conducted among the local traditional practitioners between the months of December 2020 to February 2021. The plant samples collected were identified and confirmed by experts of the National Herbarium of Cameroon at Yaoundé. Results: Thanks to the collaboration of 09 traditional healers, 30 plant species were identified and used in the preparation of 24 recipes. The families: Rubiaceae, followed by Caesalpiniaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae and Moraceae were the most represented. The species Musa paradisiaca, Ficus exasperata, Dacryodes edulis and Petersianthus macrocarpus were the most cited and were selected as plants of therapeutic interestVarious plant parts were used in the preparation of recipes. The bark (50%), followed by leaves (30%) were the most commonly used. Spraying (63%) and decoction (34%) were the two main ways of preparing the recipes. These preparations were mostly prescribed externally; poultice (40%), washing (27%), sprinkling (20%) and instillation (3%) were the most commonly used application techniques. Conclusion: These results constitute an indispensable database for the valorization of traditional medicines. Musa paradisiaca, Ficus exasperata, Dacryodes edulis and Citrullus lanatus were selected as plants of interest whose extracts should be the subject of phytochemical and pharmacological studies in order to justify their traditional use.
{"title":"Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Survey of Herbal Products of Pharmaceutical Importance for Chronic Wound Management in Bankim District of Adamaoua Region of Cameroon","authors":"Bayaga Herve, B. Ngameni, E. Tembe, Mbong Grace Anih, Njinkio Nono Borgia, C. Fokunang","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i7632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i7632","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In Cameroon, the identification of plants traditionally used to treat diseases remains a necessity. Inflammation from injury leading in some cases to chronic wounds like diabetic ulcer (for diabetic patients) is increasingly becoming a public health concern in Cameroon. As a low-income country, the population attempts to with alternative treatments through the use of herbal products. Cameroon has a rich biodiversity of herbal flora for exploitation of potential bioactive metabolites of pharmaceutical importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify plants and recipes used by some traditional healers in Bankim, Adamaoua Region of Cameroon for the management of chronic wounds.\u0000Methodology: After obtaining various administrative and institutional authorizations, an ethnobotanical survey was conducted among the local traditional practitioners between the months of December 2020 to February 2021. The plant samples collected were identified and confirmed by experts of the National Herbarium of Cameroon at Yaoundé.\u0000Results: Thanks to the collaboration of 09 traditional healers, 30 plant species were identified and used in the preparation of 24 recipes. The families: Rubiaceae, followed by Caesalpiniaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae and Moraceae were the most represented. The species Musa paradisiaca, Ficus exasperata, Dacryodes edulis and Petersianthus macrocarpus were the most cited and were selected as plants of therapeutic interestVarious plant parts were used in the preparation of recipes. The bark (50%), followed by leaves (30%) were the most commonly used. Spraying (63%) and decoction (34%) were the two main ways of preparing the recipes. These preparations were mostly prescribed externally; poultice (40%), washing (27%), sprinkling (20%) and instillation (3%) were the most commonly used application techniques.\u0000Conclusion: These results constitute an indispensable database for the valorization of traditional medicines. Musa paradisiaca, Ficus exasperata, Dacryodes edulis and Citrullus lanatus were selected as plants of interest whose extracts should be the subject of phytochemical and pharmacological studies in order to justify their traditional use.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84527779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i7629
N. Agbapuonwu, Jovita Ochi, N. Makata
Learning preference in this study is the way student nurses in Anambra State Schools of Nursing prefer to learn with their sensory modalities. Visual is preference for graphic information, Aural is for information that is heard, Read/Write preference refers to information that is displayed as words while Kineasthetic preference is linked to the use of experience or practice. These preferences are important in the learning of the students. The study assessed the association between type of school, level of study and learning preferences among nursing students in Schools of Nursing in Anambra state. In this study, descriptive cross-sectional survey was used. About 342 respondents whom were selected by Random Sampling Technique. Instrument used for online data collection was Visual, Aural, Read/Write, Kineasthetic questionnaire version 8.01 and the researcher’s demographic questionnaire. The respondents filled the questionnaire online based on their levels of study. Data were analyzed using Visual, Aural, Read/Write, Kineasthetic standard algorithm, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25. Descriptive statistics was presented in frequency tables and percentages. Chi-square was used to test the hypotheses at p-value < 0.05 significance level. Findings showed that type of school had significant association χ2=37.95; p<0.001with learning preferences of the students while level of study had no significant association χ2=7.33; p=0.12 with their learning preferences. Assessing the learning preferences of the students has been able to bring about a great value in the training of nurses. The knowledge most likely will help educators to formulate a good teaching methods that will be based on learning preferences; the use of diverse teaching methods that address different learning preferences of the students would boost learning and improve their academic performance. Preparation of Nursing Curriculum that utilizes more active strategies to accommodate the diverse learning preferences of the students in their different levels of study is recommended.
在本研究中，学习偏好是指阿南布拉州立护理学校的护士学生喜欢用他们的感觉模态学习的方式。视觉偏好是对图形信息的偏好，听觉偏好是对听到的信息的偏好，读/写偏好是指以文字形式显示的信息，而动觉偏好与经验或实践的使用有关。这些偏好对学生的学习很重要。本研究评估了阿南布拉州护理学院护理学生的学校类型、学习水平和学习偏好之间的关系。本研究采用描述性横断面调查。采用随机抽样法抽取调查对象342人。在线数据收集工具为视觉、听觉、读/写、动觉问卷8.01版和研究者人口统计问卷。受访者根据自己的学习水平在线填写了调查问卷。数据分析使用Visual, Aural, Read/Write, Kineasthetic标准算法，Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25。描述性统计以频率表和百分比的形式呈现。采用卡方法在p值< 0.05的显著性水平上检验假设。调查结果显示，学校类型有显著相关性χ2=37.95;P <0.001，与学生学习偏好、学习水平无显著相关χ2=7.33;P =0.12。评估学生的学习偏好对护理人员的培训具有重要的价值。这些知识最有可能帮助教育工作者制定基于学习偏好的良好教学方法;针对学生的不同学习偏好，采用多样化的教学方法，可以促进学生的学习，提高他们的学习成绩。建议制定护理课程，采用更积极的策略来适应学生在不同学习水平上的不同学习偏好。
{"title":"Association between Type of School, Level of Study and Learning Preferences of Nursing Students in Schools of Nursing in Anambra State, Nigeria","authors":"N. Agbapuonwu, Jovita Ochi, N. Makata","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i7629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i7629","url":null,"abstract":"Learning preference in this study is the way student nurses in Anambra State Schools of Nursing prefer to learn with their sensory modalities. Visual is preference for graphic information, Aural is for information that is heard, Read/Write preference refers to information that is displayed as words while Kineasthetic preference is linked to the use of experience or practice. These preferences are important in the learning of the students. The study assessed the association between type of school, level of study and learning preferences among nursing students in Schools of Nursing in Anambra state. In this study, descriptive cross-sectional survey was used. About 342 respondents whom were selected by Random Sampling Technique. Instrument used for online data collection was Visual, Aural, Read/Write, Kineasthetic questionnaire version 8.01 and the researcher’s demographic questionnaire. The respondents filled the questionnaire online based on their levels of study. Data were analyzed using Visual, Aural, Read/Write, Kineasthetic standard algorithm, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25. Descriptive statistics was presented in frequency tables and percentages. Chi-square was used to test the hypotheses at p-value < 0.05 significance level. Findings showed that type of school had significant association χ2=37.95; p<0.001with learning preferences of the students while level of study had no significant association χ2=7.33; p=0.12 with their learning preferences. Assessing the learning preferences of the students has been able to bring about a great value in the training of nurses. The knowledge most likely will help educators to formulate a good teaching methods that will be based on learning preferences; the use of diverse teaching methods that address different learning preferences of the students would boost learning and improve their academic performance. Preparation of Nursing Curriculum that utilizes more active strategies to accommodate the diverse learning preferences of the students in their different levels of study is recommended.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74043225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-19DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i7627
Okwuenu Gift Nonso, Igbokwe Gabriel Ejike, Ezenwelu Chijioke Obinna
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic health problem with devastating effect that is characterized by high blood glucose levels resulting from faults or flaws in insulin production or action. The unaffordability and adverse effects of conventional drugs in the treatment and management of many diseases has spurred the interest of scientists to the use of herbal medicine to treat and manage many ailments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prophylactic and anti-diabetic effects of Andrographis paniculata and its combination with Allium sativum on the blood glucose level and on some biochemical indices of wistar rats. The bodyweight, fasting blood glucose level, lipid profile and lipid peroxidation were determined using standard biochemical methods. All the treatment groups indicated gradual increase in their body weights which was not above normal control and significant reduction in fasting blood glucose level was also observed in all groups but with far greater reduction seen in the pretreated groups with a percentage reduction of 61.25%. The result of the lipid profile showed that varying doses of A. paniculata and A. sativum significantly reduced the LDL, TCHOL, TRIG and VLDL levels of diabetic rats. However, the pretreatment of A. paniculata gave a higher reduction in the LDL, TCHOL, TRIG and VLDL levels. The MDA level of all the test groups decreased when compared to the diabetic untreated group and the standard drug group with significant (p< 0.05) reduction seen in the groups treated with 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg of A. paniculata. The findings from this research showed that Andrographis paniculata has the potential to be used as a remedy for the treatment and management of diabetes mellitus and its complications, however pretreatment with A. paniculata is highly recommended as it gives better results in reducing the complications associated with diabetes mellitus.
{"title":"Prophylactic and Antidiabetic Effect of Andrographis paniculata and its Combination with Allium sativum on Blood Glucose Level and some Biochemical Indices in Wistar Rats","authors":"Okwuenu Gift Nonso, Igbokwe Gabriel Ejike, Ezenwelu Chijioke Obinna","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i7627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i7627","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic health problem with devastating effect that is characterized by high blood glucose levels resulting from faults or flaws in insulin production or action. The unaffordability and adverse effects of conventional drugs in the treatment and management of many diseases has spurred the interest of scientists to the use of herbal medicine to treat and manage many ailments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prophylactic and anti-diabetic effects of Andrographis paniculata and its combination with Allium sativum on the blood glucose level and on some biochemical indices of wistar rats. The bodyweight, fasting blood glucose level, lipid profile and lipid peroxidation were determined using standard biochemical methods. All the treatment groups indicated gradual increase in their body weights which was not above normal control and significant reduction in fasting blood glucose level was also observed in all groups but with far greater reduction seen in the pretreated groups with a percentage reduction of 61.25%. The result of the lipid profile showed that varying doses of A. paniculata and A. sativum significantly reduced the LDL, TCHOL, TRIG and VLDL levels of diabetic rats. However, the pretreatment of A. paniculata gave a higher reduction in the LDL, TCHOL, TRIG and VLDL levels. The MDA level of all the test groups decreased when compared to the diabetic untreated group and the standard drug group with significant (p< 0.05) reduction seen in the groups treated with 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg of A. paniculata. The findings from this research showed that Andrographis paniculata has the potential to be used as a remedy for the treatment and management of diabetes mellitus and its complications, however pretreatment with A. paniculata is highly recommended as it gives better results in reducing the complications associated with diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89735924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-19DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i7628
Shambhu Sarkar
Drug counterfeiting has been a major problem for the government and regulatory agencies since the beginning of the 20th century. Most of the drug counterfeiting reported is in countries where a high demand for drugs combines with poor surveillance, quality control, regulation, and education to make it easy for criminals and cartels to supply it to the market through illegal sources. These fake medications are frequently produced in hazardous conditions, with insufficient, excess, or no active ingredients, and/or by using potentially harmful and even fatal chemicals. Counterfeit drugs mostly affect vulnerable sections of society due to their social and economic conditions. Some critical factors, such as insufficient or no health insurance coverage, disparities with racial and ethnic minorities, government policies, low income, lack of education, and uncontrolled online pharmacies, tend to attract them towards counterfeit drugs. This article explains the key risk factors of counterfeit drugs operating in legal environments and reviews recent adverse cases in the pharmaceutical supply chain.
{"title":"Drug Counterfeiting: Key Factors Affecting Vulnerable People in the World","authors":"Shambhu Sarkar","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i7628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i7628","url":null,"abstract":"Drug counterfeiting has been a major problem for the government and regulatory agencies since the beginning of the 20th century. Most of the drug counterfeiting reported is in countries where a high demand for drugs combines with poor surveillance, quality control, regulation, and education to make it easy for criminals and cartels to supply it to the market through illegal sources. These fake medications are frequently produced in hazardous conditions, with insufficient, excess, or no active ingredients, and/or by using potentially harmful and even fatal chemicals. Counterfeit drugs mostly affect vulnerable sections of society due to their social and economic conditions. Some critical factors, such as insufficient or no health insurance coverage, disparities with racial and ethnic minorities, government policies, low income, lack of education, and uncontrolled online pharmacies, tend to attract them towards counterfeit drugs. This article explains the key risk factors of counterfeit drugs operating in legal environments and reviews recent adverse cases in the pharmaceutical supply chain.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78046373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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