A highly adherent conversion coating has fabricated on pure magnesium by the treatment with AlCl3/urea room temperature ionic liquid. The conversion coated surface was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA), and X-ray diffraction. The corrosion resistance of the uncoated and coated Mg metal was evaluated in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The coating was homogenous, rough, and was covered the entire magnesium substrate surface. The resulted coating was achieved in 40 min at room temperature as thin films of about 5µm thickness and composed of Al2O3 and magnesium aluminum mixed oxide. Polarization study of the coated specimen showed decreasing in the corrosion potential with remarkable lowering of the corrosion current comparing to that of bare Mg metal.
{"title":"Magnesium and Aluminum Oxides Formation Via Conversion Coating of Magnesium Metal in Alcl3/Urea Room Temperature Ionic Liquid","authors":"H. Abood, R. H. Alwan","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.20.4.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.20.4.04","url":null,"abstract":"A highly adherent conversion coating has fabricated on pure magnesium by the treatment with AlCl3/urea room temperature ionic liquid. The conversion coated surface was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA), and X-ray diffraction. The corrosion resistance of the uncoated and coated Mg metal was evaluated in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The coating was homogenous, rough, and was covered the entire magnesium substrate surface. The resulted coating was achieved in 40 min at room temperature as thin films of about 5µm thickness and composed of Al2O3 and magnesium aluminum mixed oxide. Polarization study of the coated specimen showed decreasing in the corrosion potential with remarkable lowering of the corrosion current comparing to that of bare Mg metal.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82172041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles are synthesized by pulse laser ablation (Nd:YAG, λ=1064nm,) of cupper (Cu) in pure water (DDDW). The synthesized nanomaterial is characterized with UV-Visible spectroscopy; atomic force microscopy AFM, in combination with FTIR.AFM image shows that the CuO are spherical in shape with average diameter 51 nm and FTIR spectrum confirm the formation of CuO nanoparticles. The UV–vis spectrum of the colloidal nanoparticles shows maximum absorbance around the UV region at ~270nm and in Vis region at~600nm, indicating the formation of CuO nanoparticles with a direct bandgap energy of~ 3.2eV.
{"title":"Copper Oxide Nanostructures; Syntheses and Characterization","authors":"Sariya D. Al. ALgawi","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.17.4.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.17.4.15","url":null,"abstract":"Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles are synthesized by pulse laser ablation (Nd:YAG, λ=1064nm,) of cupper (Cu) in pure water (DDDW). The synthesized nanomaterial is characterized with UV-Visible spectroscopy; atomic force microscopy AFM, in combination with FTIR.AFM image shows that the CuO are spherical in shape with average diameter 51 nm and FTIR spectrum confirm the formation of CuO nanoparticles. The UV–vis spectrum of the colloidal nanoparticles shows maximum absorbance around the UV region at ~270nm and in Vis region at~600nm, indicating the formation of CuO nanoparticles with a direct bandgap energy of~ 3.2eV.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82865714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the two parameters of type I extreme value distribution are estimated for the maximum values by using moment’s method and the weighted least square method. The simulation approach is used to compare the obtained results of the applied methods in order to get the best method to estimate the parameters, in which the simulation process starts by generating random samples follows the extreme value distribution. This algorithm is based on three samples of the real parameters and with different sample sizes. The results are tabulated for comparison purpose in connection with the mean square error.
{"title":"Simulation Approach for Estimating the Parameters of the First Type Extreme Value Distribution","authors":"Hakeeem Hussain Hamad Salih","doi":"10.22401/jnus.20.4.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/jnus.20.4.15","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the two parameters of type I extreme value distribution are estimated for the maximum values by using moment’s method and the weighted least square method. The simulation approach is used to compare the obtained results of the applied methods in order to get the best method to estimate the parameters, in which the simulation process starts by generating random samples follows the extreme value distribution. This algorithm is based on three samples of the real parameters and with different sample sizes. The results are tabulated for comparison purpose in connection with the mean square error.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91334574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
May H. Shafeeq, Lina A. Omar-Zahid, Ban A. J. Sidkey
Plant extracts were approved to heal many diseases, so three medicinal plants namely Carissa carandas L., Ficus carica L. and Olea europaeae L. were collected from different regions of Baghdad, in which their ethanolic crude extracts of leaves were assayed for antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic microorganisms such as: Gram-negative bacteria (Escherisha coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis), yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and fungi (Penicillium species). Antimicrobial activity was conducted by the agar well diffusion method. The plant leaves extracts showed various levels of antimicrobial activity on different test microorganism, Gram negative bacteria, S. aureus and yeast were sensitive to the leaves extracts of the three plants, while B. subtilis and the fungus showed a moderate sensitivity against the leaves extracts of the three plants. The crude leaves extract of Ficus carica L. showed higher effect than the other two plants against pathogenic microorganisms.
植物提取物被认为可以治疗许多疾病，因此从巴格达不同地区收集了三种药用植物Carissa carandas L.， Ficus carica L.和Olea europaeae L.，测定了它们叶片的乙醇粗提取物对各种致病微生物的抗菌活性，如:革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌)、革兰氏阳性菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌)、酵母(酿酒酵母菌)和真菌(青霉属)。采用琼脂孔扩散法测定其抑菌活性。植物叶片提取物对不同的试验微生物表现出不同程度的抑菌活性，革兰氏阴性菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和酵母菌对三种植物叶片提取物均敏感，枯草芽孢杆菌和真菌对三种植物叶片提取物均有中等敏感性。无花果粗叶提取物对病原菌的抑制作用明显高于其他两种植物。
{"title":"The Antimicrobial Activity of Carissa carandas L., Ficus carica L., and Olea europaeae L. Leaves Extracts on Growth of some Pathogenic Microorganisms","authors":"May H. Shafeeq, Lina A. Omar-Zahid, Ban A. J. Sidkey","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.17.4.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.17.4.19","url":null,"abstract":"Plant extracts were approved to heal many diseases, so three medicinal plants namely Carissa carandas L., Ficus carica L. and Olea europaeae L. were collected from different regions of Baghdad, in which their ethanolic crude extracts of leaves were assayed for antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic microorganisms such as: Gram-negative bacteria (Escherisha coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis), yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and fungi (Penicillium species). Antimicrobial activity was conducted by the agar well diffusion method. The plant leaves extracts showed various levels of antimicrobial activity on different test microorganism, Gram negative bacteria, S. aureus and yeast were sensitive to the leaves extracts of the three plants, while B. subtilis and the fungus showed a moderate sensitivity against the leaves extracts of the three plants. The crude leaves extract of Ficus carica L. showed higher effect than the other two plants against pathogenic microorganisms.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76477840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, ZnO nanoparticles were snthyesis using pulse laser ablation of zinc target (purity of 99.99%) immersed in ethanol with wave length of Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) operating at different laser energies (700, 800, 900 mJ) with 1Hz and (2000) pulse. A matching of the observed and standard (hkl) planes confirmed that the product is ZnO having a polycrystalline in nature with hexgonal structure perferention in (101) direction. FESEM images showed that NPs have different morphologies and not uniform consist of many small irregular nanoparticles. The surface structure, in the energy 700 mJ has been more uniform compared with others energy. [DOI: 10.22401/JNUS.20.4.06]
{"title":"Aggregation and Characterization of ZnO Nano Particles Using Laser Ablation Technique in Ethanol","authors":"W. Aziz, M. Abid, Hanan Kh. Mutlk","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.20.4.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.20.4.06","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, ZnO nanoparticles were snthyesis using pulse laser ablation of zinc target (purity of 99.99%) immersed in ethanol with wave length of Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) operating at different laser energies (700, 800, 900 mJ) with 1Hz and (2000) pulse. A matching of the observed and standard (hkl) planes confirmed that the product is ZnO having a polycrystalline in nature with hexgonal structure perferention in (101) direction. FESEM images showed that NPs have different morphologies and not uniform consist of many small irregular nanoparticles. The surface structure, in the energy 700 mJ has been more uniform compared with others energy. [DOI: 10.22401/JNUS.20.4.06]","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83414225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is to prove the existence and the uniqueness of the solution for some types of fractional non-local problems, namely the non-linear non-local initial value problems for fractional Fredholm-Volterra integro-differential equations. Also, the generalized Taylor expansion method is used to solve the non-local initial value problem that consists of the linear fractional Fredholm-Volterraintegro-differential equation together with the linear non-local initial condition with some illustrative examples.
{"title":"The Generalized Taylor Expansion Method for Solving Some Types of Fractional Non-local Problems","authors":"A. Khaleel, Hala Fouad Essa","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.17.4.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.17.4.26","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to prove the existence and the uniqueness of the solution for some types of fractional non-local problems, namely the non-linear non-local initial value problems for fractional Fredholm-Volterra integro-differential equations. Also, the generalized Taylor expansion method is used to solve the non-local initial value problem that consists of the linear fractional Fredholm-Volterraintegro-differential equation together with the linear non-local initial condition with some illustrative examples.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80898245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The exchanging process inside LAN or through the Internet may be exposed to be stolen, altered or damaged by a baleful person who was represented as real threats to transport process and also to information especially if this information was sensitive, important and must be accessed by only authorized person. Therefore this data must be secured against such threats. Steganography is classified as the art of hiding information in a suitable carrier like image, text, audio and video. It can also be applied to network protocols whether to header or payload of the packet. In this paper, steganography was implemented on the header of IP packet protocol and/or TCP segment protocol by exploiting the sequence number field of this header for hiding information inside it. In addition, four characters would be sent in every connection. So to increase the amount of information which could be sent, the number of connections must be increased.
{"title":"Steganography Using TCP / IP's Sequence Number","authors":"J. M. Kadhim, Abeer E Abed","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.20.4.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.20.4.16","url":null,"abstract":"The exchanging process inside LAN or through the Internet may be exposed to be stolen, altered or damaged by a baleful person who was represented as real threats to transport process and also to information especially if this information was sensitive, important and must be accessed by only authorized person. Therefore this data must be secured against such threats. Steganography is classified as the art of hiding information in a suitable carrier like image, text, audio and video. It can also be applied to network protocols whether to header or payload of the packet. In this paper, steganography was implemented on the header of IP packet protocol and/or TCP segment protocol by exploiting the sequence number field of this header for hiding information inside it. In addition, four characters would be sent in every connection. So to increase the amount of information which could be sent, the number of connections must be increased.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86567613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, right censored data of type II related to the Gumbel distribution (maximum extreme value distribution) of two parameters is considered. Estimation of the distribution parameters are presented by two methods: maximum likelihood method and modified moment method. Moments properties of the estimators such as bias, variance, skewness and kurtosis are compared between two methods. We show that the estimators are unbiased, and its variances converge to zero, which the estimators are consistent in modified moment method. Consistency of the maximum likelihood and modified moment estimators are tabulated by using mean square error. Confidence interval estimation for the distribution parameters based on the maximum likelihood method and modified moment method are given by Monte Carlo simulation.
{"title":"Some Estimation Methods for Right Censored Data of Type II Related to Gumbel Distribution","authors":"Fadi A. Shaayo, Akram M. Al-Abood","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.17.4.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.17.4.25","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, right censored data of type II related to the Gumbel distribution (maximum extreme value distribution) of two parameters is considered. Estimation of the distribution parameters are presented by two methods: maximum likelihood method and modified moment method. Moments properties of the estimators such as bias, variance, skewness and kurtosis are compared between two methods. We show that the estimators are unbiased, and its variances converge to zero, which the estimators are consistent in modified moment method. Consistency of the maximum likelihood and modified moment estimators are tabulated by using mean square error. Confidence interval estimation for the distribution parameters based on the maximum likelihood method and modified moment method are given by Monte Carlo simulation.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81510686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Four ionic liquids were investigated for abilities to capture CO2 alone or with added catalyst at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Hydrated aluminum nitrate Al (NO3)3.9H2O-urea with added CaO, hydrated ammonium aluminum sulfate NH4Al (SO4)2.22H2O-urea with added solid NaOH did not show in FTIR chart sign of either physical or chemical absorption of CO2, however hydrated ammonium aluminum sulfate NH4Al (SO4)2.22H2O-urea with added NaOHaq or few water showed a chemical absorption of CO2 at 2111 cm -2 as in aluminum chloride-urea ionic liquid while aluminum chloride-acetamide showed weaker or no ability to capture CO2.
{"title":"FTIR Study of Carbon Dioxide Interaction with some Room Temperature Ionic Liquids","authors":"H. Abood, Evon Akram","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.17.4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.17.4.11","url":null,"abstract":"Four ionic liquids were investigated for abilities to capture CO2 alone or with added catalyst at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Hydrated aluminum nitrate Al (NO3)3.9H2O-urea with added CaO, hydrated ammonium aluminum sulfate NH4Al (SO4)2.22H2O-urea with added solid NaOH did not show in FTIR chart sign of either physical or chemical absorption of CO2, however hydrated ammonium aluminum sulfate NH4Al (SO4)2.22H2O-urea with added NaOHaq or few water showed a chemical absorption of CO2 at 2111 cm -2 as in aluminum chloride-urea ionic liquid while aluminum chloride-acetamide showed weaker or no ability to capture CO2.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83735934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study aims to detecting several biochemical markers and cytokines in obese and normal lean Iraqi women. Forty women (02 obese and 02 lean) were chosen from different areas in Baghdad city there ages ranges between 02-73 years and body mass index (BMI) between 02.32-72.3 Kg/m2. The study showed a high significant increment in Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), serum cholesterol and Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) in obese women as compared with lean and a significant increment in HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) in lean women when compared with obese ones. A significant correlation coefficient (r) was noticed between BMI and studied parameters, FBG, cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, HOMA, high sensitive C Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), Tumor Necrosis Factor alfa (TNF-α) and IL-3.
{"title":"Evaluation of Some Inflammatory and Biochemical Markers in Obese and Lean Iraqi Women","authors":"Farah T. O. Al-Jumaili","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.17.4.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.17.4.22","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to detecting several biochemical markers and cytokines in obese and normal lean Iraqi women. Forty women (02 obese and 02 lean) were chosen from different areas in Baghdad city there ages ranges between 02-73 years and body mass index (BMI) between 02.32-72.3 Kg/m2. The study showed a high significant increment in Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), serum cholesterol and Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) in obese women as compared with lean and a significant increment in HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) in lean women when compared with obese ones. A significant correlation coefficient (r) was noticed between BMI and studied parameters, FBG, cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, HOMA, high sensitive C Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), Tumor Necrosis Factor alfa (TNF-α) and IL-3.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80100594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：