Asma Ahmed, N. Barakat, Amal M. M. Ali, N. Ismail, N. Yaseen, Noor Thaer, Fatimah A. Muttlak
Brain atrophy is one of the congenital malformations that increased recently among neonatal children in Iraq. Brain atrophy (BA) which means a decrease in size of brain or cells number caused by different factors one of them genetic factors. Since we lack the genetic bases on such cases, the objective of the study was to shed light on the impact of genetic factors causing brain atrophy. Chromosomal analysis was used to determine the genetic affecting alterations that may involve in brain atrophy. G-banding technique was used to diagnose chromosomal abnormalities in the thirty cases and their families. The results revealed different chromosomal abnormalities such as break, translocation and inversion (rearrangements) caused BA in children while their parents seemed with normal phenotype. In addition of deletion in the short arm of chromosome 6 which did not exceed globally 30 cases until 2005 was recorded. This deletion had a lethal effect on the new born baby with BA. Interestingly, this study showed a relationship between chromosome 6 and its effect on the safety of the brain.
{"title":"Brain Atrophy in Iraqi Children Associated with Chromosome 6 Abnormality","authors":"Asma Ahmed, N. Barakat, Amal M. M. Ali, N. Ismail, N. Yaseen, Noor Thaer, Fatimah A. Muttlak","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.17.4.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.17.4.24","url":null,"abstract":"Brain atrophy is one of the congenital malformations that increased recently among neonatal children in Iraq. Brain atrophy (BA) which means a decrease in size of brain or cells number caused by different factors one of them genetic factors. Since we lack the genetic bases on such cases, the objective of the study was to shed light on the impact of genetic factors causing brain atrophy. Chromosomal analysis was used to determine the genetic affecting alterations that may involve in brain atrophy. G-banding technique was used to diagnose chromosomal abnormalities in the thirty cases and their families. The results revealed different chromosomal abnormalities such as break, translocation and inversion (rearrangements) caused BA in children while their parents seemed with normal phenotype. In addition of deletion in the short arm of chromosome 6 which did not exceed globally 30 cases until 2005 was recorded. This deletion had a lethal effect on the new born baby with BA. Interestingly, this study showed a relationship between chromosome 6 and its effect on the safety of the brain.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"180-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83534844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Knowledge is an important factor in conduct individual’s life and decision-making process, so decision’s efficiency and power is dependent on knowledge deepen which is possess by individual. The aim of this paper is to build an improved intelligent web application system to provide web service which upgrades and raises knowledge level to wisdom level by aggregate knowledge with experience. The web service is implemented by using the brokerage approach through agent-based knowledge broker web service system, and it related to pre-define field. Java Agent DEvelopment (JADE) platform is used in this system to provide the demand environment for knowledge broker agent to achieve its behaviors. Practical testing by submitting different query belong to the medical field (radiography) demonstrate the system efficiency in retrieving knowledge relevant to submitted query and provide level of knowledge upgraded to wisdom to sustain and support specialist users’ capabilities in making decisions reach wise decisions level.
知识是影响个人生活和决策过程的重要因素，因此，决策的效率和力量取决于个人所拥有的知识的深度。本文的目的是构建一个改进的智能web应用系统，通过知识与经验的聚合，提供将知识水平提升到智慧水平的web服务。该web服务通过基于代理的知识代理web服务系统，采用代理方法实现，并与预定义字段相关联。本系统采用Java Agent DEvelopment (JADE)平台为知识代理提供需求环境，实现知识代理的行为。通过提交医学领域(放射学)的不同查询，验证了系统在检索所提交查询相关知识方面的效率，并提供了升级到智慧的知识水平，以维持和支持专业用户的决策能力达到明智的决策水平。
{"title":"Knowledge Upgrade to Wisdom by Using Knowledge Broker Agent for Web Application, Based on Users’ Experiences","authors":"Hasanen S. Abdullah, Roaad A Ali","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.20.4.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.20.4.20","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge is an important factor in conduct individual’s life and decision-making process, so decision’s efficiency and power is dependent on knowledge deepen which is possess by individual. The aim of this paper is to build an improved intelligent web application system to provide web service which upgrades and raises knowledge level to wisdom level by aggregate knowledge with experience. The web service is implemented by using the brokerage approach through agent-based knowledge broker web service system, and it related to pre-define field. Java Agent DEvelopment (JADE) platform is used in this system to provide the demand environment for knowledge broker agent to achieve its behaviors. Practical testing by submitting different query belong to the medical field (radiography) demonstrate the system efficiency in retrieving knowledge relevant to submitted query and provide level of knowledge upgraded to wisdom to sustain and support specialist users’ capabilities in making decisions reach wise decisions level.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"130-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89562815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we introduce principally generalized lifting as a generalization of principally lifting modules and we prove under certain conditions some relations between Mj-projective (quasidiscrete) and PGD1.
{"title":"On Principally Generalized Lifting Modules","authors":"A. Hassan","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.20.4.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.20.4.14","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we introduce principally generalized lifting as a generalization of principally lifting modules and we prove under certain conditions some relations between Mj-projective (quasidiscrete) and PGD1.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":"33 1","pages":"89-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74699542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
New eight selective electrodes of pilocarpine hydrochloride deepened on complexes of (PCH) -molybdophosphoric acid and (PCH) – phosphotungstate were prepared with varied plasticizers. Electrode with complex (DBPH-MP) was used as an active material, gave linear range from 5.0×10-2 to 6.0×10-5 M, and slope was 62.01 mV/decade, with detection limit was 2.0×10-5M, lifetime was near to 60 days. Electrode,s membrane made with active material (DBP-MP), showed concentration range was 2.1×10-3-6.3×10-5M, the slope was near to 52.34 mV/decade. Detection limit was 1.0×10-5M, 55 days was the life time of this electrode. The parameters of electrode deepened on (DBPH-PT), concentration range was from 5.0×10-2 to 6.5×10-5 M with slope 50.41 mV/decade, 2.2×10-5 M was the detection limit.Life time was determined around to 52 days.
{"title":"Preparation Pilocarpine Hydrochloride Selective Electrodes","authors":"A. M. Abass","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.20.4.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.20.4.03","url":null,"abstract":"New eight selective electrodes of pilocarpine hydrochloride deepened on complexes of (PCH) -molybdophosphoric acid and (PCH) – phosphotungstate were prepared with varied plasticizers. Electrode with complex (DBPH-MP) was used as an active material, gave linear range from 5.0×10-2 to 6.0×10-5 M, and slope was 62.01 mV/decade, with detection limit was 2.0×10-5M, lifetime was near to 60 days. Electrode,s membrane made with active material (DBP-MP), showed concentration range was 2.1×10-3-6.3×10-5M, the slope was near to 52.34 mV/decade. Detection limit was 1.0×10-5M, 55 days was the life time of this electrode. The parameters of electrode deepened on (DBPH-PT), concentration range was from 5.0×10-2 to 6.5×10-5 M with slope 50.41 mV/decade, 2.2×10-5 M was the detection limit.Life time was determined around to 52 days.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":"54 1","pages":"13-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91047513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Through Lewis acid-base complexation concept, interaction between three types of Lewis acid (BCl3, AlCl3 and SiCl4) as acceptors and many oxygen containing ether groups (such as dimethyl ether, ethyl methyl ether, cyclohexyl methyl ether, phenyl methyl ether, 2,1 dioxane, 2,3 dioxane and 2,4 dioxane) as donor ligands were evaluated based on several parameters including chemical potential, Global softness, HOMOLUMO shapes and interaction energy of formed complexes. Theoretical computational Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Hatree-Fock (HF) were used in addition to some empirical equations from literature to calculate the above mentioned parameters. This work proved that cyclohexyl methyl ether formed the most stable complex with silicon tetrachloride and the least stable complex being BCl3 bond to dimetyl ether. This work provides further evidence that the relative Lewis acidity depends on the groups attached to the doner atom, and do not depend on the central atom of acid molecule.
{"title":"Further Evidence of the Relative Stability Evaluation of Lewis Acid Base Complexes","authors":"S. Humadi, Leqaa A. Mohammed, E. Hassan","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.17.4.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.17.4.12","url":null,"abstract":"Through Lewis acid-base complexation concept, interaction between three types of Lewis acid (BCl3, AlCl3 and SiCl4) as acceptors and many oxygen containing ether groups (such as dimethyl ether, ethyl methyl ether, cyclohexyl methyl ether, phenyl methyl ether, 2,1 dioxane, 2,3 dioxane and 2,4 dioxane) as donor ligands were evaluated based on several parameters including chemical potential, Global softness, HOMOLUMO shapes and interaction energy of formed complexes. Theoretical computational Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Hatree-Fock (HF) were used in addition to some empirical equations from literature to calculate the above mentioned parameters. This work proved that cyclohexyl methyl ether formed the most stable complex with silicon tetrachloride and the least stable complex being BCl3 bond to dimetyl ether. This work provides further evidence that the relative Lewis acidity depends on the groups attached to the doner atom, and do not depend on the central atom of acid molecule.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"86-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88351090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, oblique angle deposition technique (OAD) was used to grow cadmium thin films onto glass substrates at different angles (1o and 01o), and then oxidized in air at (011 °C) for 0 hour by conventional furnace as the oxidation source. The effect of deposition angle on the structural, morphology, optical and electrical properties of cadmium oxide thin film were studied. XRD technique used to study the crystalline structure of these films confirm the polycrystalline nature of these films and the higher intensity accompanied that deposited with (01 ) with preferred orientation (000). Some structural parameters such as grain size was calculated. The surface morphology shows an improvement with higher incident angle. The optical properties shows that the transmition decreasing with increases deposition angle and the optical energy gap (Eg) values are (4.2 and 4.9) eV for normal and oblique deposition respectively. The dark current increases linearity with applied voltage and deceases with increasing deposition angle at the fixed applied voltage (ohmic behavior) with activation energy found to be (1.0022 1.0040) ( eV) for normal and oblique deposition respectively .
{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of CdO Thin Films Obtained by Oxidation of Obliquely Evaporated Cd Thin Films","authors":"Wafaa K. Khalef","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.17.4.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.17.4.14","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, oblique angle deposition technique (OAD) was used to grow cadmium thin films onto glass substrates at different angles (1o and 01o), and then oxidized in air at (011 °C) for 0 hour by conventional furnace as the oxidation source. The effect of deposition angle on the structural, morphology, optical and electrical properties of cadmium oxide thin film were studied. XRD technique used to study the crystalline structure of these films confirm the polycrystalline nature of these films and the higher intensity accompanied that deposited with (01 ) with preferred orientation (000). Some structural parameters such as grain size was calculated. The surface morphology shows an improvement with higher incident angle. The optical properties shows that the transmition decreasing with increases deposition angle and the optical energy gap (Eg) values are (4.2 and 4.9) eV for normal and oblique deposition respectively. The dark current increases linearity with applied voltage and deceases with increasing deposition angle at the fixed applied voltage (ohmic behavior) with activation energy found to be (1.0022 1.0040) ( eV) for normal and oblique deposition respectively .","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"103-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84961448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biometric system is considered of an important type of security systems nowadays, because it relays on the individual traits (physical or behavioral) non-participation between any two people that can't be lost on lifetime and can't be stolen. This paper, will present the individual classification system based on hand geometry and palm texture feature where it is one of the parts of the human body, which has an impressive set of information capable to distinguish and identify individuals. Utilize Principal Component Analysis PCA for palimprint texture feature extraction. The proposed system consists of three phases: image preprocessing, hand feature extraction and pattern classification. Utilize Principal Component Analysis PCA for palimprint texture feature extraction. The proposed system utilized complete hand image inside database consists of 600 pictures, include 100 people, each one has six images. Experimental results show that 98.3% is achieved and that illustrate the applicability of the system in the security's average of different environments.
{"title":"Hand Geometry and Palmprint Classification System Based on Statistical Analysis","authors":"Sarah J. Mohammed","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.20.4.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.20.4.17","url":null,"abstract":"Biometric system is considered of an important type of security systems nowadays, because it relays on the individual traits (physical or behavioral) non-participation between any two people that can't be lost on lifetime and can't be stolen. This paper, will present the individual classification system based on hand geometry and palm texture feature where it is one of the parts of the human body, which has an impressive set of information capable to distinguish and identify individuals. Utilize Principal Component Analysis PCA for palimprint texture feature extraction. The proposed system consists of three phases: image preprocessing, hand feature extraction and pattern classification. Utilize Principal Component Analysis PCA for palimprint texture feature extraction. The proposed system utilized complete hand image inside database consists of 600 pictures, include 100 people, each one has six images. Experimental results show that 98.3% is achieved and that illustrate the applicability of the system in the security's average of different environments.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":"28 1","pages":"109-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82574062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reality signals do not exist without noise. Wavelet transform based denoising seem to be a powerful tool for suppressing noise in signals. In this paper, we investigate the using of double density discrete wavelet transform “DD-DWT” which based on one scaling function and two wavelet functions, for signal denoising and comparing its performance with the traditional DWT. Three groups of additive White Gaussian Noise levels (5 dB, 3 dB, 2 dB) are added to some standard test signals with both hard and soft threshold function to evaluate the performance of each method in term of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). Experiment results show that DD-DWT performs better than traditional DWT in both RMSE and SNR especially at low SNR.
{"title":"Signal Denoising Using Double Density Discrete Wavelet Transform","authors":"Zainab Sh. Al-Timime","doi":"10.22401/jnus.20.4.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/jnus.20.4.19","url":null,"abstract":"Reality signals do not exist without noise. Wavelet transform based denoising seem to be a powerful tool for suppressing noise in signals. In this paper, we investigate the using of double density discrete wavelet transform “DD-DWT” which based on one scaling function and two wavelet functions, for signal denoising and comparing its performance with the traditional DWT. Three groups of additive White Gaussian Noise levels (5 dB, 3 dB, 2 dB) are added to some standard test signals with both hard and soft threshold function to evaluate the performance of each method in term of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). Experiment results show that DD-DWT performs better than traditional DWT in both RMSE and SNR especially at low SNR.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"125-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90508300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A total of eighty five samples were collected from different clinical and food samples includes twenty samples of urine, forty five samples from wounds, and twenty samples of chicken and meat. From the overall samples a total of 241 isolates were obtained, and among the monly fifteen isolates were belong to P. mirabilis according to the results of identification by studying their morphological and cultural characteristics and biochemical tests. Results of identification were confirmed by using Api12E system. Pathogenicity of local isolates of P. mirabilis was examined by detecting several virulence factors includes invasion and adhesion ability and protease production. Results showed that the adhesion of these isolates to uroepithelial was ranged between 02-55 bacterial cell/uroepithelial cell, and number of bacterial cells invade uroepithelial cells was ranged between 2-12 bacterial cell/uroepithelial cell. Furthermore all of the isolates of P.mirabilis were able to produce protease as another virulence factor forpathogenicity. the diameter of zone of hydrolysis on skim milk agar was ranged between 5-24 mm for different isolates. Specific activity of protease produced in culture filtrates of these isolates was ranged between 2445 and 24212 U/mg protein. The most virulent isolate was P. mirabilis P25 isolated from urine of urinary tract infection because of its high ability to produce these virulence factors.
{"title":"Detection of Virulence Factors of Local Isolates of Proteus mirabilis","authors":"Touka H. Ali, Hameed M. Jasim","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.17.4.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.17.4.18","url":null,"abstract":"A total of eighty five samples were collected from different clinical and food samples includes twenty samples of urine, forty five samples from wounds, and twenty samples of chicken and meat. From the overall samples a total of 241 isolates were obtained, and among the monly fifteen isolates were belong to P. mirabilis according to the results of identification by studying their morphological and cultural characteristics and biochemical tests. Results of identification were confirmed by using Api12E system. Pathogenicity of local isolates of P. mirabilis was examined by detecting several virulence factors includes invasion and adhesion ability and protease production. Results showed that the adhesion of these isolates to uroepithelial was ranged between 02-55 bacterial cell/uroepithelial cell, and number of bacterial cells invade uroepithelial cells was ranged between 2-12 bacterial cell/uroepithelial cell. Furthermore all of the isolates of P.mirabilis were able to produce protease as another virulence factor forpathogenicity. the diameter of zone of hydrolysis on skim milk agar was ranged between 5-24 mm for different isolates. Specific activity of protease produced in culture filtrates of these isolates was ranged between 2445 and 24212 U/mg protein. The most virulent isolate was P. mirabilis P25 isolated from urine of urinary tract infection because of its high ability to produce these virulence factors.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":"335 1","pages":"137-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75482660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present work have has been focused on suggesting a mathematical form of an axial potential distribution for an ion mirror. The equation that has been found gave us the best value of the mirror function. The Bimurzaev techniques had been investigated to find mirror trajectory using Runge-Kutta method. The profiles of the mirror that had been applied under Bimurzaev techniques lead us to conclude that the mirror has two electrodes. The coefficients of spherical and chromatic aberrations of the mirror have been computed and normalized in terms of the focal length. The choice of the mirror depends on the operational requirements, i.e. whether it is intended operate the electrostatic mirror in an optical system at low spherical aberration mode or at low chromatic aberration mode.
{"title":"CAD of Ion Mirror as an Aberration Corrector","authors":"H. A. Waheeb, Hala F. Abass","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.20.4.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.20.4.07","url":null,"abstract":"The present work have has been focused on suggesting a mathematical form of an axial potential distribution for an ion mirror. The equation that has been found gave us the best value of the mirror function. The Bimurzaev techniques had been investigated to find mirror trajectory using Runge-Kutta method. The profiles of the mirror that had been applied under Bimurzaev techniques lead us to conclude that the mirror has two electrodes. The coefficients of spherical and chromatic aberrations of the mirror have been computed and normalized in terms of the focal length. The choice of the mirror depends on the operational requirements, i.e. whether it is intended operate the electrostatic mirror in an optical system at low spherical aberration mode or at low chromatic aberration mode.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"40-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78847531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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