Recommender systems are used to find user's interested things among a huge amount of digital information. Collaborative filtering is used to generate recommendations. However, the data sparsity problem leads to generate unreasonable recommendations for those users who provide no ratings. From this point, this paper presents a modest approach to enhance prediction in movielens dataset with high sparsity by applying collaborative filtering methods. The proposal consists of three consequence phases: preprocessing phase, similarity phase, prediction phase. The experimental results obtained conducting similarity measures against movielens user rating datasets show that the result of prediction is enhanced about 10% to15% with the non-sparse rating matrix.
{"title":"Reducing Data Sparsity in Recommender Systems","authors":"Nadia F. Al-Bakri, S. H. Hashim","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.21.2.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.21.2.20","url":null,"abstract":"Recommender systems are used to find user's interested things among a huge amount of digital information. Collaborative filtering is used to generate recommendations. However, the data sparsity problem leads to generate unreasonable recommendations for those users who provide no ratings. From this point, this paper presents a modest approach to enhance prediction in movielens dataset with high sparsity by applying collaborative filtering methods. The proposal consists of three consequence phases: preprocessing phase, similarity phase, prediction phase. The experimental results obtained conducting similarity measures against movielens user rating datasets show that the result of prediction is enhanced about 10% to15% with the non-sparse rating matrix.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86105645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work includes preparation and characterization of new four mono nuclear complexes of palladium metal ion result from treating palladium chloride with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), tertiary phosphines(dppe, dppp) and 2-phenyl pyridine (Hppy) in different molar ratios. All complexes have been characterized by spectroscopic methods{IR, UV-Vis, 1HNMR} spectroscopy, in addition to elemental analysis (C.H.N) and conductivity measurement. pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate ligand behaves like bidentate in the complexes [Pd(PDTC)(dppe)]Cl and [Pd(PDTC)(ppy)] but it behaves as mono dentate in the complexes [Pd(PDTC)2(dppp)] and [Pd(PDTC)2(dppe)], while tertiary phosphines and 2-phenyl pyridine behave like bidentate ligand.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Palladium (II) Complexes Containing Mixed Ligands with Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate and Phosphines","authors":"M. S. Hussein","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.21.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.21.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"This work includes preparation and characterization of new four mono nuclear complexes of palladium metal ion result from treating palladium chloride with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), tertiary phosphines(dppe, dppp) and 2-phenyl pyridine (Hppy) in different molar ratios. All complexes have been characterized by spectroscopic methods{IR, UV-Vis, 1HNMR} spectroscopy, in addition to elemental analysis (C.H.N) and conductivity measurement. pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate ligand behaves like bidentate in the complexes [Pd(PDTC)(dppe)]Cl and [Pd(PDTC)(ppy)] but it behaves as mono dentate in the complexes [Pd(PDTC)2(dppp)] and [Pd(PDTC)2(dppe)], while tertiary phosphines and 2-phenyl pyridine behave like bidentate ligand.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75931191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water `assessment and algal composition study was conducted near Koysenjaq district for nine sites including (4) springs and (5) streams. Monthly water samples collected from April-2013 to March-2014 and 15 physico-chemicals parameters and algal content were analyzed. Generally, pH of water tend to be in alkaline side of neutrality. Mean values of electrical conductivity ranged between 272-441μs.cm -1 in January and July respectively. Total hardness extended from hard to very hard water. Cation arranged in order as follows: Ca> Mg>Na>K. Higher mean value of ammonium recorded in site 6 was 14.8 μg N.NH3.l -1 , and minimum value of nitrite was 0.68μg N.NO2.l -1 in site 6. Mean values of phosphate ranged between (0.82-4.5μg P-PO4.l -1 ). Highest value of dissolved oxygen were observed in sites 7, 8 and 9, while the minimum value of biochemical oxygen demand recorded in site 2 was 0.7mg.l -1 . A total 73 species of algal species were identified of which belong to Bacillariophyceae (25 species), Cyanophyceae (23 species), Chlorophyceae (16 species), Euglenophyceae (4 species), Charophyceae and Xanthophyceae (2 species for each one) and 1 species belong to Rhodophyceae. Multivariate statistical techniques results revealed that water quality of the monitored water bodies were influenced by many pollution sources including the geological formation of the area, agricultural activities and effluent of domestic sewage water. [DOI: 10.22401/JNUS.21.2.18] Keyword: Water quality, springs, streams, multivariate statistical analysis, Koysenjaq. Introduction Water is a very important Grace for the environment, the most important to maintain life and it is required in almost all humanitarian activities. Drinking, domestic use, agriculture, industries, energy production, navigation, and entertainment. The site of Iraq within the Middle East with an area of 433,970 K 2 , where the number of souls about 35 million people [1]. Many countries are concerned with the presence, uses, security and management of water sources. The evaluation of water quality has become an important issue, especially with an awareness that freshwater will be a rare resource in the future [2]. Water quality is the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water, it is an assessment of water condition relative to the requirements of human need [3]. The term of water quality was developed to supply an indicator of how suitable the water is for different living consumption and is generally used in various scientific works related to the necessities of sustainable management [4]. However, water quality in many rivers around the world has deteriorated significantly may be due to human activities in the past three decades [5]. River regarded as an important source of inland water resources for human. In the past, social, economic and political development has been linked to the extent to which freshwater is available and distributed in river systems [6 and7]. The climate change in recent
{"title":"An Ecological Assessment for Water Quality of Some Water Bodies in Koysenjaq-Erbil, Iraq.","authors":"J. Toma, Yahya A. Shekha, Y. O. M. Al-Barzingy","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.21.2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.21.2.18","url":null,"abstract":"Water `assessment and algal composition study was conducted near Koysenjaq district for nine sites including (4) springs and (5) streams. Monthly water samples collected from April-2013 to March-2014 and 15 physico-chemicals parameters and algal content were analyzed. Generally, pH of water tend to be in alkaline side of neutrality. Mean values of electrical conductivity ranged between 272-441μs.cm -1 in January and July respectively. Total hardness extended from hard to very hard water. Cation arranged in order as follows: Ca> Mg>Na>K. Higher mean value of ammonium recorded in site 6 was 14.8 μg N.NH3.l -1 , and minimum value of nitrite was 0.68μg N.NO2.l -1 in site 6. Mean values of phosphate ranged between (0.82-4.5μg P-PO4.l -1 ). Highest value of dissolved oxygen were observed in sites 7, 8 and 9, while the minimum value of biochemical oxygen demand recorded in site 2 was 0.7mg.l -1 . A total 73 species of algal species were identified of which belong to Bacillariophyceae (25 species), Cyanophyceae (23 species), Chlorophyceae (16 species), Euglenophyceae (4 species), Charophyceae and Xanthophyceae (2 species for each one) and 1 species belong to Rhodophyceae. Multivariate statistical techniques results revealed that water quality of the monitored water bodies were influenced by many pollution sources including the geological formation of the area, agricultural activities and effluent of domestic sewage water. [DOI: 10.22401/JNUS.21.2.18] Keyword: Water quality, springs, streams, multivariate statistical analysis, Koysenjaq. Introduction Water is a very important Grace for the environment, the most important to maintain life and it is required in almost all humanitarian activities. Drinking, domestic use, agriculture, industries, energy production, navigation, and entertainment. The site of Iraq within the Middle East with an area of 433,970 K 2 , where the number of souls about 35 million people [1]. Many countries are concerned with the presence, uses, security and management of water sources. The evaluation of water quality has become an important issue, especially with an awareness that freshwater will be a rare resource in the future [2]. Water quality is the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water, it is an assessment of water condition relative to the requirements of human need [3]. The term of water quality was developed to supply an indicator of how suitable the water is for different living consumption and is generally used in various scientific works related to the necessities of sustainable management [4]. However, water quality in many rivers around the world has deteriorated significantly may be due to human activities in the past three decades [5]. River regarded as an important source of inland water resources for human. In the past, social, economic and political development has been linked to the extent to which freshwater is available and distributed in river systems [6 and7]. The climate change in recent","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76495512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
New green organic molecules as corrosion inhibitor namely, 2-amino-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-cyano-4, 5-dihydropyrano (3,2-c) coumarin (AND) was synthesized starting from 4-hydroxycoumarin, malonitraile and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and tested on mild steel (MS) in 1 M HCl media by a weight loss method and identification of the surface technique employee scanning/electron/microscope (SEM) studies. The AND as an inhibitor compound have been elucidate spectroscopically (FT-IR ,1HNMR and 13CNMR) The weight loss investigation demonstrated that inhibition performances have been improved via concentration raising of inhibitor. To support our results scanning electron microscopy was employed to clarify the surface of the MS with and without AND in 1.0 M HCl media. The inhibition performance rate was 96% at the maximum utilized concentration of AND
以4-羟基香豆素、丙二腈和4-硝基苯甲醛为原料合成了新型缓蚀剂2-氨基-4-(4-硝基苯基)-3-氰基- 4,5 -二氢吡喃(3,2-c)香豆素(AND)，并在1 M HCl介质中对低碳钢(MS)进行了失重法和表面技术扫描/电子/显微镜(SEM)鉴定。通过光谱(FT-IR,1HNMR和13CNMR)对AND作为缓蚀剂进行了表征。失重实验表明，通过提高缓蚀剂的浓度，可以提高缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能。为了支持我们的结果，采用扫描电镜对1.0 M HCl介质中有and和没有and的质谱表面进行了澄清。在AND的最大利用浓度下，抑菌率为96%
{"title":"New Aminocoumain as Corrosion Inhibitor","authors":"Y. Al-Majedy","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.21.2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.21.2.08","url":null,"abstract":"New green organic molecules as corrosion inhibitor namely, 2-amino-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-cyano-4, 5-dihydropyrano (3,2-c) coumarin (AND) was synthesized starting from 4-hydroxycoumarin, malonitraile and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and tested on mild steel (MS) in 1 M HCl media by a weight loss method and identification of the surface technique employee scanning/electron/microscope (SEM) studies. The AND as an inhibitor compound have been elucidate spectroscopically (FT-IR ,1HNMR and 13CNMR) The weight loss investigation demonstrated that inhibition performances have been improved via concentration raising of inhibitor. To support our results scanning electron microscopy was employed to clarify the surface of the MS with and without AND in 1.0 M HCl media. The inhibition performance rate was 96% at the maximum utilized concentration of AND","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81125585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dalia Saad Mahdi Said ALkhafaji, Abdel-Amir M. Fenjan, A. Mohammad
The homologous series of 2,6-bis(4-Subtituetphenyl)-3-methylpiperidin-4-one compounds were synthesized using Mannich condensation. Then Five series have been synthesized by reaction of different reagents of semicarbazide. With 2,6-bis(4-Subtituetphenyl)-3-methylpiperidin-4-one to sythesize target compounds 2a-2f, 2a-2f, 3a-3f, 4a-4f, 5a-5f and 6a-6f. The chemical structures of the molecules were characterised by FT-IR, 1D NMR and CHN elements analysis.
{"title":"Synthesis and Spectroscopic, Studies of Some New Piperidin-4-one Derivatives","authors":"Dalia Saad Mahdi Said ALkhafaji, Abdel-Amir M. Fenjan, A. Mohammad","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.21.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.21.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"The homologous series of 2,6-bis(4-Subtituetphenyl)-3-methylpiperidin-4-one compounds were synthesized using Mannich condensation. Then Five series have been synthesized by reaction of different reagents of semicarbazide. With 2,6-bis(4-Subtituetphenyl)-3-methylpiperidin-4-one to sythesize target compounds 2a-2f, 2a-2f, 3a-3f, 4a-4f, 5a-5f and 6a-6f. The chemical structures of the molecules were characterised by FT-IR, 1D NMR and CHN elements analysis.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85981211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper the effect of terrorist and military operations in three regions of Baghdad, Iraq were studied on thyroid gland function and serotonin hormones, in 75 Iraqi individual from (AL-karradah and Abo-Gharib) regions as comparison with Al-jadria (control). The correlation between sera thyroid hormones thyroxine T4, triiodothyronine T3, thyrotropin TSH and serotonin have been indicated, the utilization of thyroid hormones as a compelling subordinate treatment for full of feeling issue has been contemplated in the course of recent decades and has been adjusted more than once. Communication of the thyroid and monoamine neurotransmitter frameworks has been recommended as a potential underline component of action. The serotonin framework has been moderately ignored, along these lines; the objective of this article is to audit the writing on the connection between thyroid hormones and the mind serotonin. Our examination proposes a negatively relationship between serotonin and thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH), a positive correlation between serotonin and thyroxine, while there were significant positive correlations between serotonin and triiodothyronine. In conclusion, there is powerful confirmation, that the thyroid economy has a balancing sway in the brain serotonin system, thus considerable further investigation will be necessary to understand the role of serotonin in the pathogenesis and high levels in the some regions in Iraq such as AL-karradah and Abo-Gharib.
{"title":"The Consequences of Terrorist and Military Operations in Three Regions of Baghdad, Iraq on Serotonin and Thyroid Function","authors":"Alaa H. Jawad","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.21.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.21.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the effect of terrorist and military operations in three regions of Baghdad, Iraq were studied on thyroid gland function and serotonin hormones, in 75 Iraqi individual from (AL-karradah and Abo-Gharib) regions as comparison with Al-jadria (control). The correlation between sera thyroid hormones thyroxine T4, triiodothyronine T3, thyrotropin TSH and serotonin have been indicated, the utilization of thyroid hormones as a compelling subordinate treatment for full of feeling issue has been contemplated in the course of recent decades and has been adjusted more than once. Communication of the thyroid and monoamine neurotransmitter frameworks has been recommended as a potential underline component of action. The serotonin framework has been moderately ignored, along these lines; the objective of this article is to audit the writing on the connection between thyroid hormones and the mind serotonin. Our examination proposes a negatively relationship between serotonin and thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH), a positive correlation between serotonin and thyroxine, while there were significant positive correlations between serotonin and triiodothyronine. In conclusion, there is powerful confirmation, that the thyroid economy has a balancing sway in the brain serotonin system, thus considerable further investigation will be necessary to understand the role of serotonin in the pathogenesis and high levels in the some regions in Iraq such as AL-karradah and Abo-Gharib.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80506835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The heavy metals mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are widely known of being toxicants. exposure to a variety of dangerous toxic effects has been attached in all humans.in this paper the effect of terrorist operation on thyroid gland functions in a sample of Iraqi individual (Al-karradah and Abo-Gharib) comparison with Al-jadria rejoin as (control). the correlation between sera thyroid hormones thyroxine T4, triiodothyronine T3, Thyrotropin TSH and Thyroglobulin-Ab (Tg-Ab) and the levels-of lead, cadmium, also mercury have-been measured. 75 volunteers from three Iraqi areas were included in this study. our examination proposes an inverse relationship between Hg presentation and thyroid hormones, a positive correlation between Cd exposure and thyroid hormones, but the associations with Pb was negative. there were significant positive correlations between the heavy metals themselves. In this manner, increased heavy metals exposure might be a factor in the etiology of hypothyroidism diseases and thyroid gland function. the result of this study showed that the effect of heavy metals (blood serum Hg, blood serum Pb, blood serum Cd) on thyroid hormones, and the effect of military and terrorist operations on the thyroid gland. In the end we concluded that the heavy elements resulting from the explosions and terrorist operations in the area of (Al-karadah, Abo-Gharib) high compared with the control (Al-jadria), this leads to many diseases on the health of the human body and also the effect of heavy elements on the thyroid gland and its negative effect on thyroid hormones and cause thyroid disease
{"title":"The Consequences of Heavy Metals Resulting from Terrorist Operations in Three Regions of Baghdad, Iraq on Thyroid Function","authors":"S. Kadhim, Alaa H. Jawad, P. Saifullah","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.21.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.21.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"The heavy metals mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are widely known of being toxicants. exposure to a variety of dangerous toxic effects has been attached in all humans.in this paper the effect of terrorist operation on thyroid gland functions in a sample of Iraqi individual (Al-karradah and Abo-Gharib) comparison with Al-jadria rejoin as (control). the correlation between sera thyroid hormones thyroxine T4, triiodothyronine T3, Thyrotropin TSH and Thyroglobulin-Ab (Tg-Ab) and the levels-of lead, cadmium, also mercury have-been measured. 75 volunteers from three Iraqi areas were included in this study. our examination proposes an inverse relationship between Hg presentation and thyroid hormones, a positive correlation between Cd exposure and thyroid hormones, but the associations with Pb was negative. there were significant positive correlations between the heavy metals themselves. In this manner, increased heavy metals exposure might be a factor in the etiology of hypothyroidism diseases and thyroid gland function. the result of this study showed that the effect of heavy metals (blood serum Hg, blood serum Pb, blood serum Cd) on thyroid hormones, and the effect of military and terrorist operations on the thyroid gland. In the end we concluded that the heavy elements resulting from the explosions and terrorist operations in the area of (Al-karadah, Abo-Gharib) high compared with the control (Al-jadria), this leads to many diseases on the health of the human body and also the effect of heavy elements on the thyroid gland and its negative effect on thyroid hormones and cause thyroid disease","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74986749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two liquid membrane electrodes for (TCH) were prepared by using ion pair which included phosphomolybdic acid (PMA)-(TCH) with plasticizers: Di-n-butyl phthalate(DBPH), and di-octylphenylphosphonate (DOPH). Tetracycline electrodes were gave a Nernstain response equal to 56. 51 and 50. 66 mV/decade for membranes depended on DBPH and DOPH as a plastisizers, respectively. Linear ranges were around 6. 8×10-6- 1. 0×10-1 and 1. 0×10-5-1. 0×10-1 M, respectively. Detection limit were equal to 4. 0×10-6, 5. 0×10-6 M, respectively. PH range were also studied at three different concentration of tetracycline solutions. As well as were studied lifetime, selectivity, potentiometric methods such as direct, standard addition , multiple standard addition and titration methods were applied to determination tetracycline in pharmaceutical preparation
{"title":"Preparation and Application of Tetracycline Hydrochloride Liquid membrane Electrodes.","authors":"A. M. Abass","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.21.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.21.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"Two liquid membrane electrodes for (TCH) were prepared by using ion pair which included phosphomolybdic acid (PMA)-(TCH) with plasticizers: Di-n-butyl phthalate(DBPH), and di-octylphenylphosphonate (DOPH). Tetracycline electrodes were gave a Nernstain response equal to 56. 51 and 50. 66 mV/decade for membranes depended on DBPH and DOPH as a plastisizers, respectively. Linear ranges were around 6. 8×10-6- 1. 0×10-1 and 1. 0×10-5-1. 0×10-1 M, respectively. Detection limit were equal to 4. 0×10-6, 5. 0×10-6 M, respectively. PH range were also studied at three different concentration of tetracycline solutions. As well as were studied lifetime, selectivity, potentiometric methods such as direct, standard addition , multiple standard addition and titration methods were applied to determination tetracycline in pharmaceutical preparation","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87124505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work aims to study the exploding aluminum wire plasma parameters by using optical emission spectroscopy method. The emission spectra of the aluminum discharge plasma have been recorded and analyzed. The plasma electron temperature (Te) was calculated by Boltzmann plot, and the electron density (ne), by Stark broadening for aluminum wire of diameter 0.3 mm and different current 75,100, and 160A in distilled water. The aluminum line 656.279 nm was used to calculate the electron density by Stark broadening. It was found that the electron density (ne) increase from 28×10 16 cm -3 to 60×10 16 cm -3 with increasing current from 75 to 160 A, while the electron temperatures increase from 0.986 to 1.614 eV for the same conditions. The optical emission spectrum (OES) emitted from the plasma have a peak located at 653 nm corresponding to Hα line for hydrogen atoms, and others peaks belong to Aluminum (AlI and AlII lines), and Oxygen (OI and OII lines). The relationship between the plasma electron temperature, emission line intensity and number density were studied. [DOI: 10.22401/JNUS.21.2.13]
本文旨在利用发射光谱法研究爆炸铝线等离子体参数。对铝放电等离子体的发射光谱进行了记录和分析。用玻尔兹曼图计算了直径为0.3 mm、电流为75,100和160A的铝丝在蒸馏水中的等离子体电子温度(Te)和电子密度(ne)。采用斯塔克展宽法计算了656.279 nm铝线的电子密度。结果表明，当电流从75 A增加到160 A时，电子密度(ne)从28×10 16 cm -3增加到60×10 16 cm -3，电子温度从0.986 eV增加到1.614 eV。等离子体发射的光学发射光谱(OES)在653 nm处有一个峰对应氢原子的Hα谱线，其他峰属于铝(AlI和AlII谱线)和氧(OI和OII谱线)。研究了等离子体电子温度、发射线强度和数密度之间的关系。(DOI: 10.22401 / JNUS.21.2.13)
{"title":"Spectroscopic Diagnostics of Exploding Aluminum Wire Plasma in Distilled Water","authors":"H. Hashim","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.21.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.21.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to study the exploding aluminum wire plasma parameters by using optical emission spectroscopy method. The emission spectra of the aluminum discharge plasma have been recorded and analyzed. The plasma electron temperature (Te) was calculated by Boltzmann plot, and the electron density (ne), by Stark broadening for aluminum wire of diameter 0.3 mm and different current 75,100, and 160A in distilled water. The aluminum line 656.279 nm was used to calculate the electron density by Stark broadening. It was found that the electron density (ne) increase from 28×10 16 cm -3 to 60×10 16 cm -3 with increasing current from 75 to 160 A, while the electron temperatures increase from 0.986 to 1.614 eV for the same conditions. The optical emission spectrum (OES) emitted from the plasma have a peak located at 653 nm corresponding to Hα line for hydrogen atoms, and others peaks belong to Aluminum (AlI and AlII lines), and Oxygen (OI and OII lines). The relationship between the plasma electron temperature, emission line intensity and number density were studied. [DOI: 10.22401/JNUS.21.2.13]","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85681181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
New series of Schiff Bases were synthesized by many steps starting from treatment of ethyl-4-aminobenzoate with hydrazine hydrate to yield 4-aminobenzohydrazide (1) which was reacted with ethyl acetoacetate in ethanol to form pyrazole derivative (2) and this reacted with salicylaldehyde to yield azo compound (3). The azo compound condensation with appropriate amines (ethyl-4-aminobenzoate and 3-nitroaniline) to give new Schiff bases (4,5). The synthesized compounds were characterized by melting points, FTIR and 1HNMR.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Hetrocyclic Compounds Derived from ethyl-4-aminobenzoate","authors":"H. Ibraheem, Khalid Suhail, S. S. Hasan","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.21.2.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.21.2.09","url":null,"abstract":"New series of Schiff Bases were synthesized by many steps starting from treatment of ethyl-4-aminobenzoate with hydrazine hydrate to yield 4-aminobenzohydrazide (1) which was reacted with ethyl acetoacetate in ethanol to form pyrazole derivative (2) and this reacted with salicylaldehyde to yield azo compound (3). The azo compound condensation with appropriate amines (ethyl-4-aminobenzoate and 3-nitroaniline) to give new Schiff bases (4,5). The synthesized compounds were characterized by melting points, FTIR and 1HNMR.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74227196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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