Buffalo is assuming a main job in the national economy by creating milk, meat and draft power. Out of all out milk delivered in the nation, buffalo contributes around 68 %, trailed by steers (27%) and sheep/goat/camel (5%). Because of high fat substance of bison milk, it is the most favored species in Pakistan. In any case, there are sure issues identified with this species, for example, late period of development, long calving stretch and quiet warmth. In Pakistan, Pure Buffalo milk is sold by the local dairy farmers in the form of loose milk only. This study discussed the importance and benefits of buffalo milk in comparison of cow’s milk and the real opportunities for the new entrepreneurs and startups who want to setup their own business in Pakistan. Pakistan's yearly milk creation in 2015-16 was around 54 million tones, making it one of the world's significant milk makers. Buffaloes and cows are the significant milk delivering creatures, with 62% milk delivered by buffaloes and 34% by dairy animals. In the course of recent years, milk creation in Pakistan has ascended by 36 % (Pakistan monetary study 2015-16). Farmers are not well equipped to avail benefits. India and Pakistan produce about 80% of all buffalo milk worldwide, followed by china, Egypt, and Nepal, where you find more dairy buffaloes than cows (Ariane Lang, 2020).Buffalo is viewed as the dairy creature for 21 century because of its higher flexibility and efficiency in the changing climatic conditions. There is a huge assorted variety in the Buffalo hereditary assets and south Asia is the home of profoundly yielding source promising bison type of Murrah and Nail Ravi. The analysis has shown that milk produced by buffalos is the best, as it carries 60% less cholesterol compared to cow milk.There is a strong reason why large companies only sell cow milk in packaged form even there is a huge demand for buffalo milk. The study concludes that Buffalo milk has a higher fat, protein, lactose, vitamin, and mineral content than cow's milk. It's also whiter and has a thicker consistency, which makes it perfect for the production of fat-based dairy products. Moreover, Cow milk differs from buffalo milk in richness and composition. Buffalo milk has lower cholesterol but more calories and fat compared with cow's milk. Keywords: Buffalo milk, Cow milk, Cholesterol, Packaging, Marketing
{"title":"A comparative Analysis of Pure Bufflow and Cow Milk: Pespetive from Pakistan","authors":"Jazib Muhammad Ali","doi":"10.53819/81018102t4106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t4106","url":null,"abstract":"Buffalo is assuming a main job in the national economy by creating milk, meat and draft power. Out of all out milk delivered in the nation, buffalo contributes around 68 %, trailed by steers (27%) and sheep/goat/camel (5%). Because of high fat substance of bison milk, it is the most favored species in Pakistan. In any case, there are sure issues identified with this species, for example, late period of development, long calving stretch and quiet warmth. In Pakistan, Pure Buffalo milk is sold by the local dairy farmers in the form of loose milk only. This study discussed the importance and benefits of buffalo milk in comparison of cow’s milk and the real opportunities for the new entrepreneurs and startups who want to setup their own business in Pakistan. Pakistan's yearly milk creation in 2015-16 was around 54 million tones, making it one of the world's significant milk makers. Buffaloes and cows are the significant milk delivering creatures, with 62% milk delivered by buffaloes and 34% by dairy animals. In the course of recent years, milk creation in Pakistan has ascended by 36 % (Pakistan monetary study 2015-16). Farmers are not well equipped to avail benefits. India and Pakistan produce about 80% of all buffalo milk worldwide, followed by china, Egypt, and Nepal, where you find more dairy buffaloes than cows (Ariane Lang, 2020).Buffalo is viewed as the dairy creature for 21 century because of its higher flexibility and efficiency in the changing climatic conditions. There is a huge assorted variety in the Buffalo hereditary assets and south Asia is the home of profoundly yielding source promising bison type of Murrah and Nail Ravi. The analysis has shown that milk produced by buffalos is the best, as it carries 60% less cholesterol compared to cow milk.There is a strong reason why large companies only sell cow milk in packaged form even there is a huge demand for buffalo milk. The study concludes that Buffalo milk has a higher fat, protein, lactose, vitamin, and mineral content than cow's milk. It's also whiter and has a thicker consistency, which makes it perfect for the production of fat-based dairy products. Moreover, Cow milk differs from buffalo milk in richness and composition. Buffalo milk has lower cholesterol but more calories and fat compared with cow's milk. Keywords: Buffalo milk, Cow milk, Cholesterol, Packaging, Marketing","PeriodicalId":14951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86796367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our dependence on healthy vegetable crops as a reliable source of food transcends all barriers of nation and culture. Consumers now demand excellent quality from the industry that produces large volumes of high quality vegetables to be sold locally, regionally and shipped internationally. The diseases that affect vegetables compromise such quality and therefore are of great importance to grower, shipper, marketer, and consumer. This book focuses primarily on diseases that are caused by pathogens. With chapters and subchapters written by working on specific vegetables disease, the volume covers many vegetable including Solanum tuberosum, Beta vulgaris, Lycopersicum esculentum, Brasica oleraceae, Cucurbita pepo, Solanum melongena, Cucumis sativus, Daucus sativus, and many more. Chapters dealing with the general principles of the causes, diagnosis favorable conditions for disease development, and the latest management strategies for disease prevention and mitigation in vegetable crops. Each disease entry includes a brief introduction to the disease, detailed description of disease symptoms, information on the pathogen and disease development, and suggestions on how to manage the problem. Top quality color photos illustrate the book throughout. This book is useful to a range of professionals including research and extension plant pathologists; diagnosticians and plant lab personnel; teachers of agriculture and related subjects; university students in agriculture and related fields; commercial farmers, vegetable producers, and farm managers; agriculturalists in the fields of seed production, vegetable breeding, agrichemicals, pest control, marketing, and other subjects; government and regulatory persons dealing with agriculture; serious gardeners and hobbyists and anyone working with vegetable crops.
{"title":"Major Diseases of Vegetable Crops and this Management in Adjara, Georgia","authors":"O. Shainidze","doi":"10.53819/81018102t2101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t2101","url":null,"abstract":"Our dependence on healthy vegetable crops as a reliable source of food transcends all barriers of nation and culture. Consumers now demand excellent quality from the industry that produces large volumes of high quality vegetables to be sold locally, regionally and shipped internationally. The diseases that affect vegetables compromise such quality and therefore are of great importance to grower, shipper, marketer, and consumer. This book focuses primarily on diseases that are caused by pathogens. With chapters and subchapters written by working on specific vegetables disease, the volume covers many vegetable including Solanum tuberosum, Beta vulgaris, Lycopersicum esculentum, Brasica oleraceae, Cucurbita pepo, Solanum melongena, Cucumis sativus, Daucus sativus, and many more. Chapters dealing with the general principles of the causes, diagnosis favorable conditions for disease development, and the latest management strategies for disease prevention and mitigation in vegetable crops. Each disease entry includes a brief introduction to the disease, detailed description of disease symptoms, information on the pathogen and disease development, and suggestions on how to manage the problem. Top quality color photos illustrate the book throughout. This book is useful to a range of professionals including research and extension plant pathologists; diagnosticians and plant lab personnel; teachers of agriculture and related subjects; university students in agriculture and related fields; commercial farmers, vegetable producers, and farm managers; agriculturalists in the fields of seed production, vegetable breeding, agrichemicals, pest control, marketing, and other subjects; government and regulatory persons dealing with agriculture; serious gardeners and hobbyists and anyone working with vegetable crops.","PeriodicalId":14951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84351299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, it was aimed to determine fat depression levels in cow milk obtained from Edirne and Tekirdağ provinces in May. Research data on this subject were obtained from a private dairy factory in May. Milk fat depression is a condition detected as a result of the milk fat levels of dairy cattle falling below 3.20%. Milk fat depression is an undesirable situation because it causes problems in obtaining dairy products. The data of May were compared with the 3.2% value, which is accepted as the milk fat depression threshold, with the help of a one-sample T-test. In this study, total fat levels were determined as 2.93% for Edirne and 3.32% for Tekirdağ. When the total fat levels were compared with the reference value, depression was observed in the Edirne province. However, depression has not been found in Tekirdağ province. Accordingly, milk obtained from Edirne in May is undesirable in terms of dairy production. In the province of Tekirdağ, such negativity has not been observed. In Edirne province, regulations should be made on animal feeding to increase milk fat levels. Fat depression analysis should be done in milk obtained from different provinces. Thus, it is of great importance for the economy of the country and human health to take urgent measures for feeding and animal breeding for places with depression.
{"title":"Determination of Fat Depression Levels in Cow Milk Obtained From Edirne and Tekirdağ Provinces in May","authors":"A. Atalay, A. I. Atalay","doi":"10.46876/ja.1164398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46876/ja.1164398","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, it was aimed to determine fat depression levels in cow milk obtained from Edirne and Tekirdağ provinces in May. Research data on this subject were obtained from a private dairy factory in May. Milk fat depression is a condition detected as a result of the milk fat levels of dairy cattle falling below 3.20%. Milk fat depression is an undesirable situation because it causes problems in obtaining dairy products. The data of May were compared with the 3.2% value, which is accepted as the milk fat depression threshold, with the help of a one-sample T-test. In this study, total fat levels were determined as 2.93% for Edirne and 3.32% for Tekirdağ. When the total fat levels were compared with the reference value, depression was observed in the Edirne province. However, depression has not been found in Tekirdağ province. Accordingly, milk obtained from Edirne in May is undesirable in terms of dairy production. In the province of Tekirdağ, such negativity has not been observed. In Edirne province, regulations should be made on animal feeding to increase milk fat levels. Fat depression analysis should be done in milk obtained from different provinces. Thus, it is of great importance for the economy of the country and human health to take urgent measures for feeding and animal breeding for places with depression.","PeriodicalId":14951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74545369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dairy Value Chain and Household Development in Rwanda","authors":"","doi":"10.53819/81018102t50116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t50116","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86665963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this modern era, companies need superior resources in order to achieve company goals. Companies need strong internal resources and can face all the challenges and changing times. The study aimed to determine the influence of Quality of Work Life, Job Satisfaction, and Leadership Style on Organizational Commitment to Employees of PT. Tunas Jaya Cipta Medan. This study took the population of all employees at PT. Tunas Jaya Cipta Medan had as many as 35 people. The sampling technique applied a saturated sample, meaning that the entire population was sampled. This study concluded that work life, job satisfaction, and leadership style significantly influence organizational commitment. This is indicated by the value of F-count (13.4) > F-table (2.87) with a significance level of 0.00 < 0.05. Suggestions for PT. Tunas Cipta Jaya Medan provides a good leadership style to provide job satisfaction in the company so that commitment is getting better and increasing. Then for the Quality of Work Life to be formed in such a way as one of the achievements of organizational commitment to be more capable and reliable.
{"title":"EFFECT OF QUALITY OF WORK LIFE, JOB SATISFACTION, AND LEADERSHIP STYLE ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT ON EMPLOYEES OF PT. TUNAS JAYA CIPTA MEDAN","authors":"Siti Normi Sinurat","doi":"10.47709/joa.v1i02.1727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47709/joa.v1i02.1727","url":null,"abstract":"In this modern era, companies need superior resources in order to achieve company goals. Companies need strong internal resources and can face all the challenges and changing times. The study aimed to determine the influence of Quality of Work Life, Job Satisfaction, and Leadership Style on Organizational Commitment to Employees of PT. Tunas Jaya Cipta Medan. This study took the population of all employees at PT. Tunas Jaya Cipta Medan had as many as 35 people. The sampling technique applied a saturated sample, meaning that the entire population was sampled. This study concluded that work life, job satisfaction, and leadership style significantly influence organizational commitment. This is indicated by the value of F-count (13.4) > F-table (2.87) with a significance level of 0.00 < 0.05. Suggestions for PT. Tunas Cipta Jaya Medan provides a good leadership style to provide job satisfaction in the company so that commitment is getting better and increasing. Then for the Quality of Work Life to be formed in such a way as one of the achievements of organizational commitment to be more capable and reliable.","PeriodicalId":14951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78691898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. R. Panataria, E. Sianipar, Harianda Sembiring, Efbertias Sitorus, M. Saragih, J. Simatupang, H. Pakpahan
One of the organic waste processing technologies is Eco Enzyme. Eco enzyme is a complex solution of light to dark brown color, which has a fresh sour aroma. Organic waste, in the form of fruit peels, unused fruit flesh, and vegetable pieces, is collected in containers/barrels and then mixed with molasses/brown sugar and water with a certain dose. The recommended dose for the ratio of molasses: organic waste: water is 1:3:10. The fermentation results produce environmentally friendly enzymes and other beneficial elements for agriculture. This study aims to determine the nutrient content of P2O5, K2O, and the C/N ratio of eco enzymes derived from various organic materials. This study used a non-factorial, completely randomized design (CRD). This study used 6 treatment combinations consisting of: P1 = Musa paradisiaca L Boobs (1.5 kg) + Tithonia diversifolia Leaves (1.5 kg); P2 = Musa paradisiaca L weevil (1.5 kg) + Terminalia catappa leaves (1.5 kg); P3= Musa paradisiaca L Weevil (1.5 kg) + Spreading Leaf Shoots (1.5 kg); P4= Mimosa pudica Root (1.5 kg) + Tithonia diversifolia Leaf (1.5 kg); P5 = roots of Mimosa pudica daughter (1.5 kg) + Terminalia catappa leaves (1.5 kg); P6 = Roots of Mimosa pudica (1.5 kg) + Shoots of Spreading Leaves (1.5 kg). The results showed that using organic materials significantly affected the K2O content and the C/N ratio of the eco enzyme.
生态酶是有机废物处理技术之一。生态酶是一种复杂的溶液，颜色为浅至深褐色，具有新鲜的酸味。有机废物，如果皮、未使用的果肉和蔬菜块，收集在容器/桶中，然后与糖蜜/红糖和一定剂量的水混合。糖蜜:有机废弃物:水的推荐用量为1:3:10。发酵的结果产生了对环境友好的酶和其他对农业有益的元素。本研究旨在测定不同有机原料中P2O5、K2O的营养含量和生态酶的C/N比。本研究采用非因子、完全随机设计(CRD)。本研究采用6种处理组合，即P1 =天麻(1.5 kg) +百叶铁(1.5 kg);P2 = Musa paradisiaca L象鼻虫(1.5 kg) +龙葵叶(1.5 kg);P3=天堂穆萨L象鼻虫(1.5 kg) +展叶芽(1.5 kg);P4=含羞草根(1.5公斤)+柳叶(1.5公斤);P5 =含羞草子代根(1.5 kg) +石麻叶(1.5 kg);P6 =含羞草根(1.5公斤)+展叶芽(1.5公斤)。结果表明，有机肥处理显著影响了土壤中K2O含量和生物酶的C/N比。
{"title":"STUDY OF NUTRIENT CONTENT IN ECO ENZYMES FROM VARIOUS TYPES OF ORGANIC MATERIALS","authors":"L. R. Panataria, E. Sianipar, Harianda Sembiring, Efbertias Sitorus, M. Saragih, J. Simatupang, H. Pakpahan","doi":"10.47709/joa.v1i02.1728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47709/joa.v1i02.1728","url":null,"abstract":"One of the organic waste processing technologies is Eco Enzyme. Eco enzyme is a complex solution of light to dark brown color, which has a fresh sour aroma. Organic waste, in the form of fruit peels, unused fruit flesh, and vegetable pieces, is collected in containers/barrels and then mixed with molasses/brown sugar and water with a certain dose. The recommended dose for the ratio of molasses: organic waste: water is 1:3:10. The fermentation results produce environmentally friendly enzymes and other beneficial elements for agriculture. This study aims to determine the nutrient content of P2O5, K2O, and the C/N ratio of eco enzymes derived from various organic materials. This study used a non-factorial, completely randomized design (CRD). This study used 6 treatment combinations consisting of: P1 = Musa paradisiaca L Boobs (1.5 kg) + Tithonia diversifolia Leaves (1.5 kg); P2 = Musa paradisiaca L weevil (1.5 kg) + Terminalia catappa leaves (1.5 kg); P3= Musa paradisiaca L Weevil (1.5 kg) + Spreading Leaf Shoots (1.5 kg); P4= Mimosa pudica Root (1.5 kg) + Tithonia diversifolia Leaf (1.5 kg); P5 = roots of Mimosa pudica daughter (1.5 kg) + Terminalia catappa leaves (1.5 kg); P6 = Roots of Mimosa pudica (1.5 kg) + Shoots of Spreading Leaves (1.5 kg). The results showed that using organic materials significantly affected the K2O content and the C/N ratio of the eco enzyme.","PeriodicalId":14951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90038368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ragnar Octavianus Sitorus, Medi Lilis Wenny Nainggolan
This study aims to find out how to process Cap Rajawali mung bean bread, find out the added value of the Rajawali brand mung bean bread processing business, find out the income of Cap Rajawali Bread and determine the feasibility level of Cap Rajawali mung bean bread processing business. Determination of the research area is done purposively. The method of determining the processing sample is the census method. The study results found that the stages of processing mung beans into mung bean bread with stamp Rajawali started from the provision of raw materials, grinding raw mung beans that were still round into halves, soaking mung beans, draining mung beans, boiling mung beans, milling mung beans, mixing beans, green bean bread dough, making tausa as a filling for opaque skin, roasting mung bean bread, and packaging mung bean bread with Rajawali stamp. The added value of processing mung beans into mung bean bread stamped Rajawali is 71.13%, meaning that the added value of processing mung beans into mung bean bread stamped Rajawali is quite high. The income earned is Rp. 331,137,592.30, which means that the income of entrepreneurs (processors) of mung bean bread Cap Rajawali is high. The processing business of mung bean stamped Rajawali has an R/C of 2.54 (Easy to Work); for mung bean bread with the label Rajawali in small boxes, the production is 13,200 boxes > BEP for small box production is 5,054 boxes, and the price is Rp. 25,000 > BEP for the price of a small box is Rp. 9,571.14. For mung bean bread with Rajawali stamp in large boxes, the production is 7,200 boxes > BEP for large box production is 2,951 boxes, and the price is Rp. 30,000 > BEP, the price for large boxes is Rp. 12,294.90. This study concluded that processing mung beans into mung bean bread with stamp Rajawali is feasible in the research area.
{"title":"VALUE ADDED GREEN BEANS INTO GREEN BEAN BREAD CAP RAJAWALI IN TEBING TINGGI","authors":"Ragnar Octavianus Sitorus, Medi Lilis Wenny Nainggolan","doi":"10.47709/joa.v1i02.1713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47709/joa.v1i02.1713","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to find out how to process Cap Rajawali mung bean bread, find out the added value of the Rajawali brand mung bean bread processing business, find out the income of Cap Rajawali Bread and determine the feasibility level of Cap Rajawali mung bean bread processing business. Determination of the research area is done purposively. The method of determining the processing sample is the census method. The study results found that the stages of processing mung beans into mung bean bread with stamp Rajawali started from the provision of raw materials, grinding raw mung beans that were still round into halves, soaking mung beans, draining mung beans, boiling mung beans, milling mung beans, mixing beans, green bean bread dough, making tausa as a filling for opaque skin, roasting mung bean bread, and packaging mung bean bread with Rajawali stamp. The added value of processing mung beans into mung bean bread stamped Rajawali is 71.13%, meaning that the added value of processing mung beans into mung bean bread stamped Rajawali is quite high. The income earned is Rp. 331,137,592.30, which means that the income of entrepreneurs (processors) of mung bean bread Cap Rajawali is high. The processing business of mung bean stamped Rajawali has an R/C of 2.54 (Easy to Work); for mung bean bread with the label Rajawali in small boxes, the production is 13,200 boxes > BEP for small box production is 5,054 boxes, and the price is Rp. 25,000 > BEP for the price of a small box is Rp. 9,571.14. For mung bean bread with Rajawali stamp in large boxes, the production is 7,200 boxes > BEP for large box production is 2,951 boxes, and the price is Rp. 30,000 > BEP, the price for large boxes is Rp. 12,294.90. This study concluded that processing mung beans into mung bean bread with stamp Rajawali is feasible in the research area.","PeriodicalId":14951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73824124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to determine the mechanism of development proposals to analyze the differences before and after the Village Fund Allocation to production costs, production, and farmers' income in the research area. The method of determining the area is done purposively. The method of determining the research sample is the census method by interviewing 32 sample farmers. The data collected are primary data and secondary data. The data analysis method was carried out using the one-sided average difference test using the Paired Sample T-test on SPSS. Based on the results of the study, it was found that (1) the development proposal was carried out by deliberation between the village apparatus and the village community, and (2) there was a significant difference in the production of chilli and tomato plants after the village assistance fund, (3) there was a significant difference in the cost of farming production chilli and tomatoes after the village assistance fund, (4) There is a significant difference in the income of chilli and tomato farmers after the village fund assistance.
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF VILLAGE ASSISTANCE FUNDS ON PRODUCTION, PRODUCTION COSTS AND FARMERS' INCOME","authors":"Medi Lilis Wenny Nainggolan","doi":"10.47709/joa.v1i02.1712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47709/joa.v1i02.1712","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the mechanism of development proposals to analyze the differences before and after the Village Fund Allocation to production costs, production, and farmers' income in the research area. The method of determining the area is done purposively. The method of determining the research sample is the census method by interviewing 32 sample farmers. The data collected are primary data and secondary data. The data analysis method was carried out using the one-sided average difference test using the Paired Sample T-test on SPSS. Based on the results of the study, it was found that (1) the development proposal was carried out by deliberation between the village apparatus and the village community, and (2) there was a significant difference in the production of chilli and tomato plants after the village assistance fund, (3) there was a significant difference in the cost of farming production chilli and tomatoes after the village assistance fund, (4) There is a significant difference in the income of chilli and tomato farmers after the village fund assistance.","PeriodicalId":14951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86502031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to obtain information about internal and external factors affecting porang development and obtain porang development strategies in Binjai City. The data analysis method uses the IFE (Internal Factor Evaluation), EFE (External Factor Evaluation) matrix, the IE (Internal-External) matrix, and the SWOT matrix. The results showed that the porang development strategy was an aggressive growth policy strategy by taking advantage of opportunities by using the strengths (SO Strategy) of the porang producers. Some strategies that can be applied are: (1) using social media and e-commerce as a promotional platform to increase customer interest by explaining the good quality of porang, how to cultivate plants that do not require special treatment, and how to process porang tubers into food, (2) the number of exporters and the need for exports are quite large, so the cultivation of porang plants has good potential and prospects in the future and has promising advantages.
{"title":"PORANG AGRIBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (CASE STUDY: BINJAI CITY, BINJAI CITY DISTRICT, NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCE)","authors":"D. Simatupang, H. Pakpahan, Heny Haryanti","doi":"10.47709/joa.v1i02.1642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47709/joa.v1i02.1642","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to obtain information about internal and external factors affecting porang development and obtain porang development strategies in Binjai City. The data analysis method uses the IFE (Internal Factor Evaluation), EFE (External Factor Evaluation) matrix, the IE (Internal-External) matrix, and the SWOT matrix. The results showed that the porang development strategy was an aggressive growth policy strategy by taking advantage of opportunities by using the strengths (SO Strategy) of the porang producers. Some strategies that can be applied are: (1) using social media and e-commerce as a promotional platform to increase customer interest by explaining the good quality of porang, how to cultivate plants that do not require special treatment, and how to process porang tubers into food, (2) the number of exporters and the need for exports are quite large, so the cultivation of porang plants has good potential and prospects in the future and has promising advantages.","PeriodicalId":14951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86051749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to determine the pattern of agarwood marketing channels, and analyze the marketing efficiency of agarwood in CV. Cahaya Gaharu Village Dendang Kec. Stabat. The type of research used is descriptive and qualitative. Determination of the research location is done intentionally or purposively. The analysis technique used is to determine the pattern of marketing channels and calculate marketing margins. The marketing process carried out by CV. Cahaya Gaharu creates a marketing channel, namely CV. Cahaya Gaharu by coming to the farmer's place and buying it according to a predetermined price, then CV. Cahaya Gaharu sells it or markets it domestically or abroad. The marketing margin obtained from the only marketing channel is Rp. 6,980,000 per kilogram of wood, the share margin received is very small, namely 0.29%. This is because farmers sell directly to retailers who sell agricultural products in the country and abroad. Efficiency in the marketing channel of 40% indicates that the marketing channel is less efficient. The lack of efficiency from this business process is due to the many challenges faced, such as transportation costs and harvesting agarwood which takes a long life of up to 7 years, there is uncertainty in harvesting agarwood which can worsen supply.
本研究旨在确定沉香的营销渠道模式，并分析沉香在CV中的营销效率。Cahaya Gaharu Village Dendang Kec。Stabat。使用的研究类型是描述性和定性的。研究地点的确定是有意或有目的的。所使用的分析技术是确定营销渠道的模式和计算营销利润。通过CV进行营销的过程。Cahaya Gaharu创建了一个营销渠道，即CV。Cahaya Gaharu来到农民的地方，按照预定的价格购买，然后CV。Cahaya Gaharu在国内或国外销售或营销它。从唯一的营销渠道获得的营销利润为每公斤木材6,980,000卢比，收到的份额利润很小，即0.29%。这是因为农民直接向在国内和国外销售农产品的零售商销售农产品。营销渠道效率为40%，说明该营销渠道效率较低。这一业务流程缺乏效率是由于面临许多挑战，例如运输成本和采伐沉香木，沉香木的寿命长达7年，采伐沉香木存在不确定性，这可能会导致供应恶化。
{"title":"MARKETING ANALYSIS OF GAHARU (AQUILARIA MALACCENSIS) AT DENDANG VILLAGE STABAT DISTRICT","authors":"Didik Mahendra, Gustina Siregar, Hardiansyah Sinaga","doi":"10.47709/joa.v1i02.1711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47709/joa.v1i02.1711","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the pattern of agarwood marketing channels, and analyze the marketing efficiency of agarwood in CV. Cahaya Gaharu Village Dendang Kec. Stabat. The type of research used is descriptive and qualitative. Determination of the research location is done intentionally or purposively. The analysis technique used is to determine the pattern of marketing channels and calculate marketing margins. The marketing process carried out by CV. Cahaya Gaharu creates a marketing channel, namely CV. Cahaya Gaharu by coming to the farmer's place and buying it according to a predetermined price, then CV. Cahaya Gaharu sells it or markets it domestically or abroad. The marketing margin obtained from the only marketing channel is Rp. 6,980,000 per kilogram of wood, the share margin received is very small, namely 0.29%. This is because farmers sell directly to retailers who sell agricultural products in the country and abroad. Efficiency in the marketing channel of 40% indicates that the marketing channel is less efficient. The lack of efficiency from this business process is due to the many challenges faced, such as transportation costs and harvesting agarwood which takes a long life of up to 7 years, there is uncertainty in harvesting agarwood which can worsen supply.","PeriodicalId":14951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81214694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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