Konstantinos Gkillas, Jeevananthan Manickavasagam, S. Visalakshmi
Though there are diverse factors that influence crude oil prices, we examine the degree of influence of factors, such as demand, supply, geopolitical and economic agents’ expectations. The main objectives of this study are the following: firstly, to determine the necessary factors that influence crude oil prices and secondly, the level of factors required to produce the specific level of outcome. Actually, the existing literature addresses the net impact of variables on crude oil price and in reality, no single combination can influence crude oil prices; thus, we set our final objective to find out the configurations of variables that impact crude oil prices. The first two objectives are addressed by using Necessary Condition Analysis and the final objective is met by using fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA). The results show that no variables were found necessary under fsQCA, but under NCA, all are considered as necessary variables with different effect sizes for crude oil price. fsQCA reveals eight equifinal pathways leading to higher crude oil price and a single pathway resulting in lower crude oil price. The findings suggest ways for traders, governments, corporates and analysts to consider the levels of independent variables that lead the Brent to trade in the market at higher or lower prices and to take decisions on the same.
{"title":"Effects of Fundamentals, Geopolitical Risk and Expectations Factors on Crude Oil Prices","authors":"Konstantinos Gkillas, Jeevananthan Manickavasagam, S. Visalakshmi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3937957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3937957","url":null,"abstract":"Though there are diverse factors that influence crude oil prices, we examine the degree of influence of factors, such as demand, supply, geopolitical and economic agents’ expectations. The main objectives of this study are the following: firstly, to determine the necessary factors that influence crude oil prices and secondly, the level of factors required to produce the specific level of outcome. Actually, the existing literature addresses the net impact of variables on crude oil price and in reality, no single combination can influence crude oil prices; thus, we set our final objective to find out the configurations of variables that impact crude oil prices. The first two objectives are addressed by using Necessary Condition Analysis and the final objective is met by using fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA). The results show that no variables were found necessary under fsQCA, but under NCA, all are considered as necessary variables with different effect sizes for crude oil price. fsQCA reveals eight equifinal pathways leading to higher crude oil price and a single pathway resulting in lower crude oil price. The findings suggest ways for traders, governments, corporates and analysts to consider the levels of independent variables that lead the Brent to trade in the market at higher or lower prices and to take decisions on the same.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131513256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The battery is a critical component for operating electric and hybrid electric vehicles where temperature control is vital for safe and efficient operation. In this paper, the ejector-based battery thermal management system (BTMS) is analyzed compared to the basic BTMS system from a thermal and exergo-economic perspective. The ejector is added to mix the refrigerant streams from the cabin evaporator and battery chiller, thus delivering the mixture to the compressor with higher pressure to reduce the compression power and improve system performance. The exergo-economic study is carried out for different evaporator, chiller, and condenser temperatures and different battery thermal loads to illustrate the ejector-based system's technical and economic feasibility. Results show an optimal (minimal) total system cost rate of 0.9092 US$/h for the ejector-based system, compared to 1.0222 US$/h for the basic system (11.1% reduction). Based on the applied conditions, the total exergy destruction is found to be 1.596 kW for the ejector-based BTMS and 2.243 kW for the basic BTMS. Furthermore, the total exergy destruction reduction in the ejector-based system is 28.8% compared to the basic system.
{"title":"Exergoeconomic Assessment of the Ejector-Based Battery Thermal Management System for Electric and Hybrid-Electric Vehicles","authors":"Yousif M. Alkhulaifi, N. Qasem, S. Zubair","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3931676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3931676","url":null,"abstract":"The battery is a critical component for operating electric and hybrid electric vehicles where temperature control is vital for safe and efficient operation. In this paper, the ejector-based battery thermal management system (BTMS) is analyzed compared to the basic BTMS system from a thermal and exergo-economic perspective. The ejector is added to mix the refrigerant streams from the cabin evaporator and battery chiller, thus delivering the mixture to the compressor with higher pressure to reduce the compression power and improve system performance. The exergo-economic study is carried out for different evaporator, chiller, and condenser temperatures and different battery thermal loads to illustrate the ejector-based system's technical and economic feasibility. Results show an optimal (minimal) total system cost rate of 0.9092 US$/h for the ejector-based system, compared to 1.0222 US$/h for the basic system (11.1% reduction). Based on the applied conditions, the total exergy destruction is found to be 1.596 kW for the ejector-based BTMS and 2.243 kW for the basic BTMS. Furthermore, the total exergy destruction reduction in the ejector-based system is 28.8% compared to the basic system.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121337323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ying Zhang, Ting Zeng, Wei Yan, Dongxue Huang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Qijin Wan, N. Yang
Supercapacitors (SCs) feature high power densities and fast charging/discharging rates but suffer from low energy densities. The introduction of redox species into the electrolytes have been proposed as an effective approach to overcome this challenge. To further improve the energy density of such SCs, a mixture of two redox species of alizarin red S, p-phenylenediamine redox electrolytes dissolved in the KOH solution is employed as the anodic electrolyte in this work. Two flexible capacitor electrodes—holey reduced graphene oxide (hrGO) and Ni−Co hydroxide/oxide hydroxide nanosheets coated hrGO—are further prepared and utilized to ensemble a flexible asymmetric SC device with aid of gel polymer electrolytes. This flexible SC device possesses a cell voltage of 1.5 V, a maximum energy density of 40.8 Wh kg −1 with a power density of 750 W kg −1 , and 99.2% capacitance retention after 5000 charge/discharge cycles. It remains its high performance even under different folding conditions. Such high performance originates from improved solubility and stability of used redox electrolytes in alkaline media and their matched performance with that of the cathode. This flexible SC device offers a new strategy to ensemble power suppliers that can be integrated into modern wearable electronics and smart devices.
超级电容器具有高功率密度和快速充放电速率，但能量密度低。在电解质中引入氧化还原物质被认为是克服这一挑战的有效方法。为了进一步提高这种SCs的能量密度，本研究采用溶解在KOH溶液中的两种氧化还原物质茜素红S、对苯二胺氧化还原电解质的混合物作为阳极电解质。进一步制备了两种柔性电容器电极——孔洞还原氧化石墨烯(hrGO)和涂覆hrGO的Ni−Co氢氧化物/氧化氢氧化物纳米片，并利用凝胶聚合物电解质集成柔性不对称SC器件。该柔性SC器件的电池电压为1.5 V，最大能量密度为40.8 Wh kg - 1，功率密度为750 W kg - 1，在5000次充放电循环后电容保持率为99.2%。即使在不同的折叠条件下，它仍然保持其高性能。这种高性能源于使用的氧化还原电解质在碱性介质中的溶解度和稳定性的提高，以及它们与阴极的匹配性能。这种灵活的SC器件为集成电源供应商提供了一种新的策略，可以集成到现代可穿戴电子设备和智能设备中。
{"title":"A High-Performance Flexible Supercapacitor Using Dual Alkaline Redox Electrolytes","authors":"Ying Zhang, Ting Zeng, Wei Yan, Dongxue Huang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Qijin Wan, N. Yang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3933566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3933566","url":null,"abstract":"Supercapacitors (SCs) feature high power densities and fast charging/discharging rates but suffer from low energy densities. The introduction of redox species into the electrolytes have been proposed as an effective approach to overcome this challenge. To further improve the energy density of such SCs, a mixture of two redox species of alizarin red S, p-phenylenediamine redox electrolytes dissolved in the KOH solution is employed as the anodic electrolyte in this work. Two flexible capacitor electrodes—holey reduced graphene oxide (hrGO) and Ni−Co hydroxide/oxide hydroxide nanosheets coated hrGO—are further prepared and utilized to ensemble a flexible asymmetric SC device with aid of gel polymer electrolytes. This flexible SC device possesses a cell voltage of 1.5 V, a maximum energy density of 40.8 Wh kg −1 with a power density of 750 W kg −1 , and 99.2% capacitance retention after 5000 charge/discharge cycles. It remains its high performance even under different folding conditions. Such high performance originates from improved solubility and stability of used redox electrolytes in alkaline media and their matched performance with that of the cathode. This flexible SC device offers a new strategy to ensemble power suppliers that can be integrated into modern wearable electronics and smart devices.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123979404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines how deliberation in an in-group on how much to share with an out-group affects in-group trust and out-group generosity. In a lab-in-the-field experiment with 13 schools, we randomly assign school minors into pairs that decide how much of a common fund to transfer to refugee minors. Treatments vary whether pairs partake in a free-form chat or write down their reasoning individually. After treatment, they vote on transfers. In our sample, communication on refugees is shaped by a political-correctness norm: it is more refugee-friendly than individual reasoning, and it increases optimism within pairs about the partner's refugee-friendliness. Subjects trust their partners the more, the more refugee-friendly they believe them to be. This is rational in our sample since more refugee-friendly subjects turn out more trustworthy. Communication also has a positive impact on willingness to collectively share funds with refugee minors. Hence, our experiment indicates that in our sample, both the in-group and the out-group profit from a political-correctness norm to speak well of the out-group.
{"title":"How to talk about an out-group: Effects on in-group trust and out-group generosity","authors":"Jan Biermann, Hendrik Hüning, Lydia Mechtenberg","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3945496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3945496","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines how deliberation in an in-group on how much to share with an out-group affects in-group trust and out-group generosity. In a lab-in-the-field experiment with 13 schools, we randomly assign school minors into pairs that decide how much of a common fund to transfer to refugee minors. Treatments vary whether pairs partake in a free-form chat or write down their reasoning individually. After treatment, they vote on transfers. In our sample, communication on refugees is shaped by a political-correctness norm: it is more refugee-friendly than individual reasoning, and it increases optimism within pairs about the partner's refugee-friendliness. Subjects trust their partners the more, the more refugee-friendly they believe them to be. This is rational in our sample since more refugee-friendly subjects turn out more trustworthy. Communication also has a positive impact on willingness to collectively share funds with refugee minors. Hence, our experiment indicates that in our sample, both the in-group and the out-group profit from a political-correctness norm to speak well of the out-group.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127716566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study focused on external debt burden and infrastructural development nexus in Nigeria using data spanning between the periods 1981 to 2020 by employing the use of Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) and granger causality test as the major statistical techniques of analysis. From the findings, the coefficient of error correction term shows that about 70 percent of the discrepancy between the actual and the long run or equilibrium value of infrastructural development is corrected or eliminated each year. The coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.680 which shows that about 68 percent variations in the infrastructural development were explained by the independent variables. The Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test shows that all variables were stationary at first difference. The results for the Bounds test reveal that there is a long run relationship among the variables. This is because the F-statistics value (5.194) is greater than upper Bounds critical values at 5% level of significant. The ARDL results show that external debt, domestic debt and inflation rate have a negative impact on infrastructural development in the long run while exchange rate and interest rate has a positive effect on infrastructural development in the long run. Also, domestic debt and exchange rate were found to have a significant impact on infrastructural development while external debt, inflation rate and interest rate were found to be insignificant in the long run. Furthermore, the granger causality test results indicate while there is no causality between external debt and infrastructural development, there seems to be a unidirectional causality between domestic debt and infrastructural growth in Nigeria. The study concludes that federal government of the country should cut down excessive borrowings and that the existing ones are invested in projects that would eventually generate enough returns to defray such debts accordingly. Also, an adoption of policy framework that will ensure macroeconomic stability such as price stability, job creation, increased output, political stability, etc. becomes fundamental in getting rid of heavy reliance on external debt in the country.
{"title":"External Debt Burden and Infrastructural Development Nexus in Nigeria: An ARDL Approach.","authors":"C. Onwuka","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3936677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3936677","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study focused on external debt burden and infrastructural development nexus in Nigeria using data spanning between the periods 1981 to 2020 by employing the use of Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) and granger causality test as the major statistical techniques of analysis. From the findings, the coefficient of error correction term shows that about 70 percent of the discrepancy between the actual and the long run or equilibrium value of infrastructural development is corrected or eliminated each year. The coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.680 which shows that about 68 percent variations in the infrastructural development were explained by the independent variables. The Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test shows that all variables were stationary at first difference. The results for the Bounds test reveal that there is a long run relationship among the variables. This is because the F-statistics value (5.194) is greater than upper Bounds critical values at 5% level of significant. The ARDL results show that external debt, domestic debt and inflation rate have a negative impact on infrastructural development in the long run while exchange rate and interest rate has a positive effect on infrastructural development in the long run. Also, domestic debt and exchange rate were found to have a significant impact on infrastructural development while external debt, inflation rate and interest rate were found to be insignificant in the long run. Furthermore, the granger causality test results indicate while there is no causality between external debt and infrastructural development, there seems to be a unidirectional causality between domestic debt and infrastructural growth in Nigeria. The study concludes that federal government of the country should cut down excessive borrowings and that the existing ones are invested in projects that would eventually generate enough returns to defray such debts accordingly. Also, an adoption of policy framework that will ensure macroeconomic stability such as price stability, job creation, increased output, political stability, etc. becomes fundamental in getting rid of heavy reliance on external debt in the country.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129443322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Castellini, Luca Di Corato, M. Moretto, S. Vergalli
In this paper, we provide a real options model framing prosumers’ investment in photovoltaic plants. This is presented in a Smart Grid context where the exchange of energy among prosumers is possible. We determine the optimal size of the photovoltaic installations based on the influence the self-consumption profiles on the exchange of energy among prosumers. We calibrate the model using figures relative to the Northern Italy energy market and investigate the investment decision allowing for different prosumer profiles and consider several combinations of their individual energy demand and supply. Our findings show that the shape of individual energy demand and supply curves is crucial to the exchange of energy among prosumers, and that there could be circumstances under which no exchange occurs.
{"title":"Energy exchange among heterogeneous prosumers under price uncertainty","authors":"M. Castellini, Luca Di Corato, M. Moretto, S. Vergalli","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3943110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3943110","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we provide a real options model framing prosumers’ investment in photovoltaic plants. This is presented in a Smart Grid context where the exchange of energy among prosumers is possible. We determine the optimal size of the photovoltaic installations based on the influence the self-consumption profiles on the exchange of energy among prosumers. We calibrate the model using figures relative to the Northern Italy energy market and investigate the investment decision allowing for different prosumer profiles and consider several combinations of their individual energy demand and supply. Our findings show that the shape of individual energy demand and supply curves is crucial to the exchange of energy among prosumers, and that there could be circumstances under which no exchange occurs.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116270502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The chapter unpacks the politics of nexus between legal education, legal practice and legal research. We start by problematising some common assumptions and subsequently lay out contemporary challenges to legal education and academia. We argue that we need to abandon all reflexes associating national=doctrinal=useful for legal practice and hence legal education, and international=non-doctrinal=useless for lawyers and hence legal education. First, legal education has to be conscious of the complexity of inter-connected, and ever-changing, laws, regulations and governance structures in the contemporary world. Second, it needs to be built on pluralist research agendas, that draw on doctrinal and non-doctrinal scholarship, with both national and global perspectives in mind. Finally, legal education for the 21st century has to be accountable to a broader set of actors than it has been the case thus far: it needs a more inclusive concept of ‘legal practice’.
{"title":"The Politics of Legal Education","authors":"M. Bartl, Candida Leone","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3934366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3934366","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter unpacks the politics of nexus between legal education, legal practice and legal research. We start by problematising some common assumptions and subsequently lay out contemporary challenges to legal education and academia. We argue that we need to abandon all reflexes associating national=doctrinal=useful for legal practice and hence legal education, and international=non-doctrinal=useless for lawyers and hence legal education. First, legal education has to be conscious of the complexity of inter-connected, and ever-changing, laws, regulations and governance structures in the contemporary world. Second, it needs to be built on pluralist research agendas, that draw on doctrinal and non-doctrinal scholarship, with both national and global perspectives in mind. Finally, legal education for the 21st century has to be accountable to a broader set of actors than it has been the case thus far: it needs a more inclusive concept of ‘legal practice’.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127676323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In light of the growing use, acceptance of, and demand for, machine learning in many fields, notably data science, but also other fields such as finance- and this in both industry and academics, some university departments might wish, or find themselves forced to, accord to the winds of change and address this pressing issue. The goal of this document is to assist in designing relevant courses using material at the appropriate mathematical level. It protocols, sorts, evaluates, and contrasts, numerous viable books for a variety of possible courses. The subjects span several levels of, and different avenues in, linear algebra and real analysis, with briefer discussions of material in probability theory and mathematical finance.
{"title":"Various Course Proposals for: Mathematics with a View Towards (the Theoretical Underpinnings of) Machine Learning","authors":"Marc S. Paolella","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3923528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3923528","url":null,"abstract":"In light of the growing use, acceptance of, and demand for, machine learning in many fields, notably data science, but also other fields such as finance- and this in both industry and academics, some university departments might wish, or find themselves forced to, accord to the winds of change and address this pressing issue. The goal of this document is to assist in designing relevant courses using material at the appropriate mathematical level. It protocols, sorts, evaluates, and contrasts, numerous viable books for a variety of possible courses. The subjects span several levels of, and different avenues in, linear algebra and real analysis, with briefer discussions of material in probability theory and mathematical finance.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115057994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Philipp Hansen, Lennart Struth, Max Thon, T. Umbach
The COVID-19 pandemic forced much of the world to adapt suddenly to severe restrictions. In this study, we attempt to quantify the impact of the pandemic on student performance in higher education. To collect data on important covariates, we conducted a survey among first-year students of Microeconomics at the University of Cologne. In contrast to other studies, we are able to consider a particularly suitable performance measure that was not affected by the COVID-19 restrictions implemented shortly before the start of the summer term 2020. While the average performance improves in the first term affected by the restrictions, this does not apply to students with a low socioeconomic background. Trying to identify more specific channels explaining this finding, interestingly, our data yield no evidence that the average improvement results from the altered teaching formats, suggesting instead that the enhanced performance stems from an increase in available study time.
{"title":"The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Teaching Outcomes in Higher Education","authors":"Philipp Hansen, Lennart Struth, Max Thon, T. Umbach","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3916349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3916349","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic forced much of the world to adapt suddenly to severe restrictions. In this study, we attempt to quantify the impact of the pandemic on student performance in higher education. To collect data on important covariates, we conducted a survey among first-year students of Microeconomics at the University of Cologne. In contrast to other studies, we are able to consider a particularly suitable performance measure that was not affected by the COVID-19 restrictions implemented shortly before the start of the summer term 2020. While the average performance improves in the first term affected by the restrictions, this does not apply to students with a low socioeconomic background. Trying to identify more specific channels explaining this finding, interestingly, our data yield no evidence that the average improvement results from the altered teaching formats, suggesting instead that the enhanced performance stems from an increase in available study time.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129509471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objectives of this report are: to review the elements of an effective education and awareness raising campaign on undeclared work; to set out a proposal for an education and awareness raising campaign on undeclared work in the Western Balkans, and to provide good practice examples of specific education and awareness raising activities that are transferable to Western Balkan economies. The outcome is to set out what is required for an effective education and awareness raising campaign on the benefits of declared work in Western Balkan economies.
{"title":"Developing An Awareness Raising Campaign on Undeclared Work in the Western Balkans","authors":"Colin Williams","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3919825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3919825","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this report are: to review the elements of an effective education and awareness raising campaign on undeclared work; to set out a proposal for an education and awareness raising campaign on undeclared work in the Western Balkans, and to provide good practice examples of specific education and awareness raising activities that are transferable to Western Balkan economies. The outcome is to set out what is required for an effective education and awareness raising campaign on the benefits of declared work in Western Balkan economies.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131890109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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