Journal of affective disorders最新文献

Background: Recent researches have reported that frequency-specific patterns of neural activity contain not only rhythmically sustained oscillations but also transient-bursts of isolated events. The aim of this study was to investigated the correlation between beta burst and depression in order to explore depressive disease and the neurological underpinnings of disease-related symptoms.

Methods: We collected resting-state MEG recordings from 30 depressive patients and a matched 40 healthy controls. A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) was applied on source-space time courses for 78 cortical regions of the AAL atlas and the temporal characteristics of beta burst from the matched HMM states were captured. Group differences were evaluated on these beta burst characteristics after permutation tests and, for the depressive group, associations between burst characteristics and clinical symptom severity were determined using Spearman correlation coefficients.

Results: At a threshold of p=0.05corrected, burst characteristics revealed significant differences between depression patients and controls at the group level, including increased burst amplitude in frontal lobe, decreased burst duration in occipital regions, increased burst rate and decreased burst interval time in some brain regions. Furthermore, burst amplitude in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) was positively related to the severity of sleep disturbance and burst rate in the OFC was negatively related to the severity of anxiety in depression patients.

Conclusions: The findings highlight OFC may be a targeted area responsible for the anxiety and sleep disturbance symptom by abnormal beta burst in depressive patients and beta burst characteristics of OFC might serve as a neuro-marker for the depression.

Background: Few studies have prospectively examined whether adverse childhood experiences contribute to suicide or substance-related mortality. Moreover, children are often exposed to multiple adversities making it critical to identify which clusters of adversities are most harmful for these outcomes. Accordingly, we investigated risk for suicide and substance-related mortality based on the number and clusters of adversities children were exposed to.

Methods: Identifying information from 49,853 offspring born between 1959 and 1966 to participants in the Collaborative Perinatal Project was linked to the National Death Index to determine vital status by the end of 2016. We examined associations of the total number of adversities and five clusters of adversity (Low Adversity, Parental Harshness & Neglect, Family Instability, Poverty & Crowded Housing, Poverty & Parental Separation) with suicide and substance-related mortality.

Results: Of the 45,207 participants in the analysis sample, 267 died by suicide and 338 by substance use. Participants who experienced Family Instability had a higher risk of dying by suicide (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.92, 95%CI:1.32, 2.79) and substance use (HR = 1.50, 95%CI:1.02, 2.19). Participants who experienced Poverty & Parental Separation were at higher risk of dying by substance use (HR = 1.85, 95%CI:1.40, 2.45).

Limitations: Adversities with documented harm including physical and sexual abuse were not assessed in the study.

Conclusions: Childhood adversity is associated with self-injury mortality from multiple causes, suggesting shared etiology of risk for suicide and substance-related mortality. Research on interventions that target shared pathways linking childhood vulnerability to multiple causes of death may help reduce the long-term impact of adversities.

Importance: As the global population ages, the proportion of individuals living with functional disability is increasing. Evidence suggests that functional disability is associated with worse health outcomes and is concentrated in populations with high rates of concurrent social risk factors such as criminal legal involvement (CLI), making it an increasingly important issue for advocates of health equity.

Objective: To determine whether age is associated with functional disability in a nationally representative sample of United States adults with lifetime exposure to the criminal legal system.

Design: Cross-sectional survey data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health, 2015-2019.

Setting: Nationally representative survey data.

Participants: US adults who reported lifetime history of arrest (N = 37,279).

Exposure: Respondents were categorized into age groups: younger adults (age 18-49); middle-aged adults (age 50-64); and older adults (age ≥ 65).

Main outcome measure: Functional disability as measure by the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Score 2.0 (WHO-DAS 2.0). A higher score indicates a greater degree of functional disability.

Results: The sample included 37,279 US adults with lifetime CLI of whom 60.0 % were younger adults, 28.5 % were middle-aged adults, and 11.5 % were older adults. The mean, unadjusted functional disability score for younger adults was 5.0 (95 % CI, 4.9, 5.1); for middle-aged adults it was 4.2 (95 % CI, 4.0, 4.4); and for older adults it was 3.2 (95 % CI, 2.9, 3.5). In models adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical confounders, differences were attenuated but remained statistically significant, indicating increased functional disability in the younger age groups.

Conclusion and relevance: Our findings suggest that among adults with CLI, functional disability is distributed by age in a pattern distinct from the general population. A large number of young adults have CLI, and the findings suggest that prevalence of functional disability is exceedingly high in this marginalized group. Future studies should examine if substance use and mental health conditions contribute to these findings, and policy makers should examine if flexible interventions tailored to the needs of those with disability improve reentry outcomes for young adults with CLI.