Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics最新文献

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Costs, Benefits, and Welfare Implications of USAID Investment in Agricultural Research through U.S. Universities 美国国际开发署通过美国大学投资农业研究的成本、收益和福利影响

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics

Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.1017/aae.2022.18

T. Dalton, K. Fuglie

Abstract The U.S. Agency for International Development has invested limited funds in international agricultural research through U.S. universities. We present a meta-analysis of impact case studies from this investment. The median net present value of economic impacts at purchasing power parity is PPP$8.4 billion compared to a cumulative investment of US$1.24 billion over 1978–2018. About four-fifths of these economic benefits accrued to individuals with incomes under $5.50/day and about 29% to those in extreme poverty. In addition to these limited case studies evaluating financial benefits and costs, we present several types of additional non-economic benefits.

美国国际开发署通过美国大学向国际农业研究投入了有限的资金。我们对这项投资的影响案例研究进行了荟萃分析。按购买力平价计算，经济影响的净现值中位数为84亿美元，而1978-2018年的累计投资为12.4亿美元。大约五分之四的经济收益来自每天收入低于5.50美元的个人，大约29%来自极端贫困人口。除了这些评估经济效益和成本的有限案例研究之外，我们还提出了几种额外的非经济效益。

引用次数: 1

The Impacts of Food Waste Information on Consumer Preferences for Blemished Produce and Implications for Food Retailers 食品浪费信息对消费者对有缺陷产品偏好的影响及其对食品零售商的启示

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics

Pub Date : 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.1017/aae.2022.21

A. Collart, Matthew G. Interis, Chloe Henson, J. Maples

Abstract Produce that does not meet sellers’ esthetic standards may be redirected to alternative uses or wasted, but consumer trends indicate potential marketability of blemished produce. We conduct a nonhypothetical experimental auction to elicit consumer willingness-to-pay (WTP) for produce of varying degrees of blemish and test whether valuations are affected by (1) information on food waste resulting from grocery stores’ esthetic standards and (2) additional information on the environmental impacts of food waste. WTP for blemished produce increases as consumers become informed, but the information effects vary by blemishing degree. Market simulations indicate that introducing blemished produce can increase retailer revenue.

不符合卖方审美标准的产品可能会被重新定向到其他用途或被浪费，但消费者趋势表明有缺陷的产品具有潜在的市场价值。我们进行了一项非假设的实验拍卖，以引发消费者对不同程度瑕疵产品的支付意愿(WTP)，并测试估值是否受到(1)杂货店审美标准导致的食物浪费信息和(2)食物浪费对环境影响的额外信息的影响。瑕疵产品的WTP随着消费者的知情程度而增加，但信息效果因瑕疵程度而异。市场模拟表明，引入有缺陷的农产品可以增加零售商的收入。

引用次数: 1

Can Identity Theory Improve Survey Design? 身份理论能改善勘察设计吗？

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics

Pub Date : 2022-06-23 DOI: 10.1017/aae.2022.17

Logan L. Britton, F. Norwood

Abstract Question effects are important when designing and interpreting surveys. Question responses are influenced by preceding questions through ordering effects. Identity Theory is employed to explain why some ordering effects exist. A conceptual model predicts respondents will display identity inertia, where the identity cued in one question will be expressed in subsequent questions regardless of whether those questions cue that identity. Lower amounts of identity inertia are found compared to habitual inertia, where respondents tend to give similar answers to previous questions. The magnitude of both inertias is small, suggesting they are only minor obstacles to survey design.

摘要问题效应在设计和解释调查时很重要。问题回答通过排序效应受到前面问题的影响。同一性理论被用来解释为什么存在一些有序效应。概念模型预测受访者将表现出身份惯性，在一个问题中暗示的身份将在随后的问题中表达，无论这些问题是否暗示该身份。与习惯性惯性相比，身份惯性的数量更低，习惯性惯性中受访者倾向于对之前的问题给出类似的答案。这两种惯性的大小都很小，这表明它们只是勘测设计的小障碍。

引用次数: 1

The Impact of an Increase to a Minimum Wage on the Iowa Egg Industry – CORRIGENDUM 提高最低工资对爱荷华州蛋业的影响——CORRIGENDUM

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics

Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.1017/aae.2022.22

Andrew J. Keller, M. Boland, Metin Çakır

引用次数: 1

A Post Hoc Exploratory Analysis: Induced Abortion Complications Mistaken for Miscarriage in the Emergency Room are a Risk Factor for Hospitalization. 事后探索性分析：在急诊室被误认为流产的人工流产并发症是住院的风险因素。

IF 1.6 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics

Pub Date : 2022-05-20 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/23333928221103107

J Studnicki, T Longbons, D J Harrison, I Skop, C Cirucci, D C Reardon, C Craver, J W Fisher, M Tsulukidze

Introduction: Previous research indicates that an increasing number of women who go to an emergency room for complications following an induced abortion are treated for a miscarriage, meaning their abortion is miscoded or concealed.

Objective: To determine if the failure to identify a prior induced abortion during an ER visit is a risk factor for higher rates of subsequent hospitalization.

Methods: Post hoc analysis of hospital admissions following an induced abortion and ER visit within 30 days: 4273 following surgical abortion and 408 following chemical abortion; abortion not miscoded versus miscoded or concealed at prior ER visit.

Results: Chemical abortion patients whose abortions are misclassified as miscarriages during an ER visit subsequently experience on average 3.2 hospital admissions within 30 days. 86% of the patients ultimately have surgical removal of retained products of conception (RPOC). Chemical abortions are more likely than surgical abortions (OR 1.80, CL 1.38-2.35) to result in an RPOC admission, and chemical abortions concealed are more likely to result (OR 2.18, CL 1.65-2.88) in a subsequent RPOC admission than abortions without miscoding. Surgical abortions miscoded/concealed are similarly twice as likely to result in hospital admission than those without miscoding.

Conclusion: Patient concealment and/or physician failure to identify a prior abortion during an ER visit is a significant risk factor for a subsequent hospital admission. Patients and ER personnel should be made aware of this risk.

导言：以往的研究表明，越来越多的妇女在人工流产后因并发症到急诊室就诊时被当作流产治疗，这意味着她们的人工流产被误诊或隐瞒：目的：确定在急诊就诊时未能识别先前的人工流产是否是导致后续住院率较高的风险因素：方法：对人工流产后 30 天内的入院情况和急诊就诊情况进行事后分析：方法：对人工流产后入院并在30天内到急诊室就诊的患者进行事后分析：手术流产后4273人，化学流产后408人；流产未被误编码与流产被误编码或在急诊室就诊时隐瞒流产情况：结果：在急诊就诊时被误诊为流产的化学流产患者在 30 天内平均住院 3.2 次。86%的患者最终通过手术取出了残留的受孕产物（RPOC）。与手术流产相比，化学流产更有可能（OR 1.80，CL 1.38-2.35）导致留置受精产物入院，而与未发生编码错误的流产相比，隐藏的化学流产更有可能（OR 2.18，CL 1.65-2.88）导致随后的留置受精产物入院。编码错误/隐瞒的手术流产导致入院的几率同样是未发生编码错误的手术流产的两倍：结论：患者隐瞒和/或医生在急诊室就诊时未能识别先前的人工流产是导致随后入院的重要风险因素。应让患者和急诊室人员意识到这一风险。

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引用次数: 0

Agricultural Policies and Technical Efficiency of Wheat Production in Kazakhstan and Russia: Evidence from a Stochastic Frontier Approach 哈萨克斯坦和俄罗斯的农业政策与小麦生产技术效率：来自随机前沿方法的证据

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics

Pub Date : 2022-05-17 DOI: 10.1017/aae.2022.13

A. Tleubayev, I. Bobojonov, L. Götz

Abstract We utilize a unique primary data set of farms in Russia and Kazakhstan to investigate the link between policy reforms and technical efficiency. These countries have heavily subsidized their domestic agricultural production over the last decade, with a total of around USD 76 billion USD and USD 11.5 billion USD in government funding directed towards the agricultural sectors in Russia and Kazakhstan, respectively. Results of a stochastic frontier analysis make evident that variable inputs, such as fertilizer, have a relatively large influence on wheat production compared to land. Nearly every fifth farm has a technical efficiency level lower than 60%, suggesting significant unrealized production potential. While our analysis shows a negative relation between subsidies and efficiency, other factors, such as farmer’s education, cooperative and agroholding membership, and participation in insurance programs, are positively related to farm efficiency. The results imply that the governments and policymakers could mobilize the unutilized wheat production potential by improving the farmer education system, fostering cooperation among farms, and developing functioning farm insurance schemes.

摘要我们利用俄罗斯和哈萨克斯坦农场的独特原始数据集来调查政策改革与技术效率之间的联系。在过去十年中，这些国家对其国内农业生产进行了大量补贴，政府资金总额分别约为760亿美元和115亿美元，用于俄罗斯和哈萨克斯坦的农业部门。随机前沿分析的结果表明，与土地相比，化肥等可变投入对小麦产量的影响相对较大。几乎每五分之一的农场的技术效率水平都低于60%，这表明巨大的未实现生产潜力。虽然我们的分析显示补贴与效率之间存在负相关，但其他因素，如农民的教育、合作社和农业控股成员资格以及参与保险计划，与农业效率呈正相关。研究结果表明，政府和政策制定者可以通过改善农民教育系统、促进农场之间的合作以及制定有效的农场保险计划来调动未利用的小麦生产潜力。

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引用次数: 4

Factors Influencing Use and Frequency of Rotational Grazing for Beef Cattle in Tennessee 影响田纳西州肉牛轮牧利用和频次的因素

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics

Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1017/aae.2022.16

C. Boyer, D. Lambert, A. Griffith, C. Clark

Abstract This study determines which factors are associated with the use of rotational grazing and the frequency with which Tennessee producers rotate cattle during the summer months. Survey data were used to estimate an ordered response model with sample selection. Most respondents used rotational grazing, and the most frequent rotational schedule was rotating cattle one to two times per month. Factors including labor, capital, knowledge, and water availability influenced the use of rotational grazing and the frequency of rotating cattle. The insights from this study can inform the development of incentives to promote more intensive use of rotational grazing.

摘要本研究确定了哪些因素与轮牧的使用有关，以及田纳西州生产者在夏季轮牧的频率。调查数据用于通过样本选择来估计有序响应模型。大多数受访者使用轮牧，最频繁的轮牧时间表是每月轮牧一到两次。劳动力、资本、知识和水资源等因素影响了轮牧的使用和轮牧的频率。这项研究的见解可以为制定激励措施提供信息，以促进更密集地使用轮牧。

引用次数: 3

The Impact of an Increase to a Minimum Wage on the Iowa Egg Industry 提高最低工资对爱荷华州蛋业的影响

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics

Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1017/aae.2022.14

Andrew J. Keller, M. Boland, Metin Çakır

Abstract This paper evaluates the impact of an increase in the federal or state minimum wage on the egg industry, where labor is a key input. This analysis uses an for Iowa, a key egg-producing state. When spread across the industry, the total negative effects of the increased minimum wage do not appear to be economically significant. This is due largely to the Iowa egg industry’s current equilibrium wage of $13.50 an hour. Thus, a $15.00 minimum wage adds only $1.50; however, to stay competitive, egg industry employers likely would increase their wage above $15.00. Despite these seemingly small effects, egg producers may struggle in the short run to respond to immediate labor expenses should Iowa or the United States not phase in its minimum wage over the course of several years.

摘要本文评估了提高联邦或州最低工资对鸡蛋行业的影响，因为劳动力是鸡蛋行业的关键投入。这项分析使用了爱荷华州的一个，爱荷华州是一个主要的鸡蛋生产州。在整个行业中，提高最低工资的总体负面影响似乎在经济上并不显著。这主要是由于爱荷华州鸡蛋行业目前的均衡工资为每小时13.50美元。因此，15000美元的最低工资只增加了1.50美元；然而，为了保持竞争力，鸡蛋行业的雇主可能会将工资提高到15000美元以上。尽管这些影响看起来很小，但如果爱荷华州或美国在几年内不逐步提高最低工资，鸡蛋生产商可能在短期内难以应对眼前的劳动力支出。

引用次数: 1

Grade Inflation or Grade Increase 等级膨胀或等级增加

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics

Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1017/aae.2022.15

A. Yeritsyan, J. Mjelde, K. Litzenberg

Abstract Academics worry grade inflation lowers standards; whereas, employers are concerned grades may not distinguish students’ abilities. These concerns are dismissed if higher grades reflect improved academic achievement and not inflation. Potential grade inflation is examined using data from 17,696 classes between 1985 and 2019 in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Texas A&M University. Evidence of systemic grade increase is found after controlling for institution, instructor, and student characteristics. Grade increases are partially explained by recruiting better and more female students. Grade inflation, however, may be associated with increased hiring of graduate students and other instructors.

学术界担心分数膨胀会降低标准；然而，雇主担心成绩可能无法区分学生的能力。如果更高的成绩反映了学习成绩的提高，而不是通货膨胀，这些担忧就会被消除。利用德克萨斯农工大学农业与生命科学学院1985年至2019年间17696个班级的数据，研究了潜在的分数膨胀。在对学校、教师和学生特征进行控制后，发现了系统性成绩提高的证据。成绩提高的部分原因是招收了更好、更多的女学生。然而，分数膨胀可能与研究生和其他讲师的招聘增加有关。

引用次数: 4

AAE volume 54 issue 2 Cover and Front matter AAE第54卷第2期封面和封面

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics

Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1017/aae.2022.19

Olga Isengildina Massa

引用次数: 0

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