Pub Date : 1988-10-16DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26307
J.D. Smith, L. Hatfield
Insulators in various environments are susceptible to surface degradation due to environmental factors. For example, in space, insulators are subject to constant bombardment by particles such as debris and micrometeoroids. Experiments were conducted to determine how the surface flashover voltage of the insulator is affected by such surface degradation. Ten roughness groups were tested. The various roughness groups were obtained by preparing the sample surfaces with sandpaper and polishing compounds of varying degrees of coarseness, ranging from Hash 80 grit sandpaper to .05 micron polishing powder. Results are presented on Lucite and Celcon samples. A definite correlation between flashover voltage and roughness is shown. In the case of Lucite, roughness seems to increase the flashover voltage, although the unusual characteristics of the flashover voltage vs. roughness curve hint at the influence of unknown factors.<>
{"title":"Measurement of the effects of surface roughness on flashover","authors":"J.D. Smith, L. Hatfield","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26307","url":null,"abstract":"Insulators in various environments are susceptible to surface degradation due to environmental factors. For example, in space, insulators are subject to constant bombardment by particles such as debris and micrometeoroids. Experiments were conducted to determine how the surface flashover voltage of the insulator is affected by such surface degradation. Ten roughness groups were tested. The various roughness groups were obtained by preparing the sample surfaces with sandpaper and polishing compounds of varying degrees of coarseness, ranging from Hash 80 grit sandpaper to .05 micron polishing powder. Results are presented on Lucite and Celcon samples. A definite correlation between flashover voltage and roughness is shown. In the case of Lucite, roughness seems to increase the flashover voltage, although the unusual characteristics of the flashover voltage vs. roughness curve hint at the influence of unknown factors.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149735,"journal":{"name":"1988. Annual Report., Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129901267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-16DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26333
D. Das-Gupta, P. Townshend, J. Williams, F. R. Mayers, S. Luk, N. Maung
A typical set of current-voltage characteristics of an Au-GaAs-ZnSe-Au device in the temperature range of -23.5 to 53 degrees C is presented. It is demonstrated that the conduction mechanism in sandwich structures of Au-GaAs-ZnSe-Au is electrode limited, the Schottky barrier being lowered at the interface. This barrier has been observed to be nonideal, possible due to the presence of interface states at the ZnSe surface.<>
{"title":"Electrical properties of ZnSe Langmuir-Blodgett film MIS devices","authors":"D. Das-Gupta, P. Townshend, J. Williams, F. R. Mayers, S. Luk, N. Maung","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26333","url":null,"abstract":"A typical set of current-voltage characteristics of an Au-GaAs-ZnSe-Au device in the temperature range of -23.5 to 53 degrees C is presented. It is demonstrated that the conduction mechanism in sandwich structures of Au-GaAs-ZnSe-Au is electrode limited, the Schottky barrier being lowered at the interface. This barrier has been observed to be nonideal, possible due to the presence of interface states at the ZnSe surface.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149735,"journal":{"name":"1988. Annual Report., Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125288495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-16DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26347
S. Ochiai, H. Iwasaki, T. Mizutani, M. Ieda
Charging and discharging currents and thermally stimulated current in diarylethane oil/PP (polypropylene) and diarylethane oil/FEP were investigated experimentally. It was shown that the charging current of diarylethane/PP was enhanced by the oil/polymer interaction. The charging current of diarylethane/FEP was affected by F atoms in FEP. Negative carriers in oil were considered to be trapped near the FEP surface and to form a space charge, which enhanced the discharging current and TSC in negatively charged oil/FEP.<>
{"title":"Electrical conduction of oil/polymer composite","authors":"S. Ochiai, H. Iwasaki, T. Mizutani, M. Ieda","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26347","url":null,"abstract":"Charging and discharging currents and thermally stimulated current in diarylethane oil/PP (polypropylene) and diarylethane oil/FEP were investigated experimentally. It was shown that the charging current of diarylethane/PP was enhanced by the oil/polymer interaction. The charging current of diarylethane/FEP was affected by F atoms in FEP. Negative carriers in oil were considered to be trapped near the FEP surface and to form a space charge, which enhanced the discharging current and TSC in negatively charged oil/FEP.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149735,"journal":{"name":"1988. Annual Report., Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127591126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-16DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26351
M. Sone, H. Mitsui
The oil used was distilled di octyl phthalate, which travels into the Kraft paper after impregnation. The state of water in the paper is different from that in the oil. It is concluded that the breakdown is determined by the water content of the paper.<>
{"title":"Effect of water in Kraft-paper impregnated oil on breakdown","authors":"M. Sone, H. Mitsui","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26351","url":null,"abstract":"The oil used was distilled di octyl phthalate, which travels into the Kraft paper after impregnation. The state of water in the paper is different from that in the oil. It is concluded that the breakdown is determined by the water content of the paper.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149735,"journal":{"name":"1988. Annual Report., Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125482349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-16DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26306
R. Phillips, G. Alexander, S. Merryman, L. B. Gordon
The authors describe investigations into the nature of outgassed products from spacecraft materials and the electrical breakdown characteristics of the resulting contaminated vacuum regions. The materials studied for their outgassing characteristics were G-10 polyethylene, TFE Teflon, Plexiglass, and Mylar. The major outgassed products from the materials studied were H/sub 2/O, H/sub 2/, O/sub 2/, CO/sub 2/, and N/sub 2/. The outgassing products raise the local pressure in the vicinity of the spacecraft materials, resulting in a pressure gradient with higher pressures near the material surface and lower pressures away from the spacecraft. The high pressures resulting from the contaminating gas lower the breakdown voltage and reduce the ability of the region to support high electrical-field stresses. The breakdown characteristics (Paschen curve) measured for the outgassed mixtures from the materials are predictable and representative of typical air breakdown characteristics at very low pressures.<>
{"title":"Effects of outgassed products from spacecraft materials on the insulating strength of the space vacuum","authors":"R. Phillips, G. Alexander, S. Merryman, L. B. Gordon","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26306","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe investigations into the nature of outgassed products from spacecraft materials and the electrical breakdown characteristics of the resulting contaminated vacuum regions. The materials studied for their outgassing characteristics were G-10 polyethylene, TFE Teflon, Plexiglass, and Mylar. The major outgassed products from the materials studied were H/sub 2/O, H/sub 2/, O/sub 2/, CO/sub 2/, and N/sub 2/. The outgassing products raise the local pressure in the vicinity of the spacecraft materials, resulting in a pressure gradient with higher pressures near the material surface and lower pressures away from the spacecraft. The high pressures resulting from the contaminating gas lower the breakdown voltage and reduce the ability of the region to support high electrical-field stresses. The breakdown characteristics (Paschen curve) measured for the outgassed mixtures from the materials are predictable and representative of typical air breakdown characteristics at very low pressures.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149735,"journal":{"name":"1988. Annual Report., Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133773458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-16DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26336
F. Kaneko, M. Shibata, S. Kobayashi
Electrical properties are investigated for metal-insulator-semiconductor diodes having Langmuir-Blodgett polydiacetylene (LB PDA) thin films. Capacitance-voltage characteristics measured for the Al-LB PDA-Si (MIS) diodes show reasonable capacitances for the accumulation. The C-V curves show hysteresis, and flatband voltage shifts are observed under the application of bias voltages. These results show charge injection from Si in the MIS diodes. Thermally stimulated currents (TSCs) are measured for Al-LB PDA-Al metal-insulator-metal structures. TSC peaks caused by dipole polarization and charge injection are observed in the low- and high-temperature regions respectively.<>
{"title":"Electrical properties of MIS diodes with insulating Langmuir-Blodgett thin films","authors":"F. Kaneko, M. Shibata, S. Kobayashi","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26336","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical properties are investigated for metal-insulator-semiconductor diodes having Langmuir-Blodgett polydiacetylene (LB PDA) thin films. Capacitance-voltage characteristics measured for the Al-LB PDA-Si (MIS) diodes show reasonable capacitances for the accumulation. The C-V curves show hysteresis, and flatband voltage shifts are observed under the application of bias voltages. These results show charge injection from Si in the MIS diodes. Thermally stimulated currents (TSCs) are measured for Al-LB PDA-Al metal-insulator-metal structures. TSC peaks caused by dipole polarization and charge injection are observed in the low- and high-temperature regions respectively.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149735,"journal":{"name":"1988. Annual Report., Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134423506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-16DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26337
J. West, H. Wintle, A. Berraissoul, G. Sessler
The laser-induced pressure pulse method was used to determine space-charge distributions in 22- mu m films charged with 10 to 40 keV electron beams. For relatively low deposited-charge densities corresponding to surface potentials below 300 V, two charge layers develop, one at the surface of the samples and one at a depth corresponding approximately to the electron range. For higher deposited-charge densities, when breakdown in the surrounding air occurs during pressurization, the surface-charge layer is positive. For deposited-charge densities in excess of 1 mu C/cm/sup 2/, the space-charge layer is broader and, in Kapton, located deeper than for smaller charge densities. Heating of the samples to 110 degrees C reduced the charge without broadening the charge layers.<>
{"title":"Space-charge distributions in electron-beam charged Mylar and Kapton films","authors":"J. West, H. Wintle, A. Berraissoul, G. Sessler","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26337","url":null,"abstract":"The laser-induced pressure pulse method was used to determine space-charge distributions in 22- mu m films charged with 10 to 40 keV electron beams. For relatively low deposited-charge densities corresponding to surface potentials below 300 V, two charge layers develop, one at the surface of the samples and one at a depth corresponding approximately to the electron range. For higher deposited-charge densities, when breakdown in the surrounding air occurs during pressurization, the surface-charge layer is positive. For deposited-charge densities in excess of 1 mu C/cm/sup 2/, the space-charge layer is broader and, in Kapton, located deeper than for smaller charge densities. Heating of the samples to 110 degrees C reduced the charge without broadening the charge layers.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149735,"journal":{"name":"1988. Annual Report., Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132477856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-16DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26344
O. Lesaint, R. Kattan, A. Denat
A real-time optical detection method combined with high-speed current measurement and visualization was used to investigate bubble generation and growth in purified cyclohexane. The generation of gaseous bubbles in the high field region present on a sharp tip appears to be a consequence of the detected current pulse. An analysis of the influence of the energy input together with that of the hydrostatic pressure shows that vaporization of the liquid is the most probable mechanism of bubble generation. The energy input is achieved in a very short time (a few nanoseconds). As the bubble grows, the pressure and temperature decrease in the bubble down to steady-state boiling conditions; the bubble size is then maximal, and as the temperature decreases further to the ambient value, the vapour condenses and the bubble disappears.<>
{"title":"Generation and growth of gaseous bubbles in hydrocarbon liquids under high divergent field","authors":"O. Lesaint, R. Kattan, A. Denat","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26344","url":null,"abstract":"A real-time optical detection method combined with high-speed current measurement and visualization was used to investigate bubble generation and growth in purified cyclohexane. The generation of gaseous bubbles in the high field region present on a sharp tip appears to be a consequence of the detected current pulse. An analysis of the influence of the energy input together with that of the hydrostatic pressure shows that vaporization of the liquid is the most probable mechanism of bubble generation. The energy input is achieved in a very short time (a few nanoseconds). As the bubble grows, the pressure and temperature decrease in the bubble down to steady-state boiling conditions; the bubble size is then maximal, and as the temperature decreases further to the ambient value, the vapour condenses and the bubble disappears.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149735,"journal":{"name":"1988. Annual Report., Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115468334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-16DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26308
T. Sudarshan
The high-voltage DC flashover characteristics of a large number of solid insulating materials were investigated. These materials included high-density aluminas from different manufacturers varying in bulk composition and surface microstructure, coated aluminas to reduce surface charging, steatite, and forsterite. The results show a strong correlation between the first and conditioned breakdown strengths, the rapidity of conditioning, and the surface microstructure. Specifically, it is shown that 'generic alumina' has widely varying voltage withstand strengths depending on the bulk composition, surface microstructure, and chemical surface state. Materials with a finely granular, closely packed structure exhibited the best voltage hold-off performance. Also, nonporous materials exhibit rapid conditioning to its final value.<>
{"title":"Correlation between insulator surface and DC flashover characteristics in vacuum","authors":"T. Sudarshan","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26308","url":null,"abstract":"The high-voltage DC flashover characteristics of a large number of solid insulating materials were investigated. These materials included high-density aluminas from different manufacturers varying in bulk composition and surface microstructure, coated aluminas to reduce surface charging, steatite, and forsterite. The results show a strong correlation between the first and conditioned breakdown strengths, the rapidity of conditioning, and the surface microstructure. Specifically, it is shown that 'generic alumina' has widely varying voltage withstand strengths depending on the bulk composition, surface microstructure, and chemical surface state. Materials with a finely granular, closely packed structure exhibited the best voltage hold-off performance. Also, nonporous materials exhibit rapid conditioning to its final value.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149735,"journal":{"name":"1988. Annual Report., Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127146454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-10-16DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26378
T. Jordan, W. Wong, M. Shaw
A technique was developed to measure simultaneously the rheological and optical response of electrorheological (ER) fluids in combined shear and electric fields. Rheo-optical results for a commercial ER fluid exhibit microstructural changes occurring upon application of an electric field that are well within the time frame of the rheological response. It is noted that additional evidence is needed to verify or refute particle fibrilation as the fundamental underlying mechanism necessary for ER activity. Novel fluids in which the dispersed particles are microcapsules with a polystyrene wall and primarily water core have been prepared. These fluids are ER-active and will be used in the future to investigate interfacial and bulk polarization modes independently.<>
{"title":"A rheo-optical and materials approach to electrorheology","authors":"T. Jordan, W. Wong, M. Shaw","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1988.26378","url":null,"abstract":"A technique was developed to measure simultaneously the rheological and optical response of electrorheological (ER) fluids in combined shear and electric fields. Rheo-optical results for a commercial ER fluid exhibit microstructural changes occurring upon application of an electric field that are well within the time frame of the rheological response. It is noted that additional evidence is needed to verify or refute particle fibrilation as the fundamental underlying mechanism necessary for ER activity. Novel fluids in which the dispersed particles are microcapsules with a polystyrene wall and primarily water core have been prepared. These fluids are ER-active and will be used in the future to investigate interfacial and bulk polarization modes independently.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149735,"journal":{"name":"1988. Annual Report., Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126546324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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