Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21608/zjar.2021.165605
A. Abdallah, T. Mohamed, M. Mohamed, T. Noreldin
Two field experiments were carried out at Ismailia Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center, Ismailia governorate (Lat. 30° 35' 30" N, Long. 32° 14' 50" E, 10 m a.s.l.), Egypt, during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 growing seasons. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of potassium silicate that could mitigate the effect of water shortage on productivity of faba bean intercropped with sugar beet and its effects on water and land equivalent ratios, as well as farmer’s net revenue. In split plot design with three replications, three irrigation treatments i.e., 120, 100 and 85% Evapotranspiration (mm/d) (ETo) were assigned to the main plots, while three rates of sprayed potassium silicate (unsprayed (control), 200 ppm and 300 ppm) were arranged in sub-plots. The results showed that irrigation with 120% ETo and spraying with 200 ppm potassium silicate attained the highest yield and its components for both faba bean and sugar beet under their intercropping system in both growing seasons. For faba been and sugar beet, N, K and Si content were positively affected by irrigation levels at 100% ETo with foliar potassium silicate 200 ppm, but P content was positively affected by irrigation levels at 120% ETo with foliar 200 ppm potassium silicate. The available P and K in the soil were positively affected by irrigation with 120% ETo with foliar 300 ppm potassium silicate. N content was positive affected by irrigation with 100% ETo with foliar 200 ppm potassium silicate. The highest values of water and land equivalent ratios (WER and LER), as well as total and net return were obtained under irrigation with 120% ETo and spraying with 200 ppm potassium silicate. However, both WER and LER under application of 100% ETo and 200 potassium silicate were higher than irrigation with120% ETo and unsprayed plants in both growing seasons. The highest value of farmer net revenue was obtained when 120% ETo and spraying with 200 ppm potassium silicate were applied. Thus, to attain the highest faba bean with sugar beet in an intercropping system and highest water and land equivalent ratios, as well as farmer’s net revenue, 120% ETo and spraying with 200 ppm potassium silicate should be applied. However, in case of water shortage, 100% ETo and spraying with 200 ppm potassium silicate could be applied to mitigate the effect of water deficiency.
{"title":"ALLEVIATION OF WATER DEFICIENCY EFFECT BY APPLICATION OF POTASSIUM SILICATE TO FABA BEAN INTERCROPPED WITH SUGAR BEET IN SANDY SOIL","authors":"A. Abdallah, T. Mohamed, M. Mohamed, T. Noreldin","doi":"10.21608/zjar.2021.165605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/zjar.2021.165605","url":null,"abstract":"Two field experiments were carried out at Ismailia Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center, Ismailia governorate (Lat. 30° 35' 30\" N, Long. 32° 14' 50\" E, 10 m a.s.l.), Egypt, during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 growing seasons. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of potassium silicate that could mitigate the effect of water shortage on productivity of faba bean intercropped with sugar beet and its effects on water and land equivalent ratios, as well as farmer’s net revenue. In split plot design with three replications, three irrigation treatments i.e., 120, 100 and 85% Evapotranspiration (mm/d) (ETo) were assigned to the main plots, while three rates of sprayed potassium silicate (unsprayed (control), 200 ppm and 300 ppm) were arranged in sub-plots. The results showed that irrigation with 120% ETo and spraying with 200 ppm potassium silicate attained the highest yield and its components for both faba bean and sugar beet under their intercropping system in both growing seasons. For faba been and sugar beet, N, K and Si content were positively affected by irrigation levels at 100% ETo with foliar potassium silicate 200 ppm, but P content was positively affected by irrigation levels at 120% ETo with foliar 200 ppm potassium silicate. The available P and K in the soil were positively affected by irrigation with 120% ETo with foliar 300 ppm potassium silicate. N content was positive affected by irrigation with 100% ETo with foliar 200 ppm potassium silicate. The highest values of water and land equivalent ratios (WER and LER), as well as total and net return were obtained under irrigation with 120% ETo and spraying with 200 ppm potassium silicate. However, both WER and LER under application of 100% ETo and 200 potassium silicate were higher than irrigation with120% ETo and unsprayed plants in both growing seasons. The highest value of farmer net revenue was obtained when 120% ETo and spraying with 200 ppm potassium silicate were applied. Thus, to attain the highest faba bean with sugar beet in an intercropping system and highest water and land equivalent ratios, as well as farmer’s net revenue, 120% ETo and spraying with 200 ppm potassium silicate should be applied. However, in case of water shortage, 100% ETo and spraying with 200 ppm potassium silicate could be applied to mitigate the effect of water deficiency.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68565642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21608/ZJAR.2021.165655
Omaima O. Mohammed, M. Azzazy, S. E. A. Badawe
This study was carried out during two successive seasons of 2018 and 2019 on cherry tomato F1 hybrid Cherubino which harvested at turning stage (25% red colour) from a private Farm at El Salhia El Gadeda District, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The aim of this work was to study the effect of dipping the fruits in solutions of some edible materials, (arabic gum, cellulose, pectin, xanthan) on maintaining quality and storability of cherry tomato fruits and postharvest rotsduring storageat 13°C and 90-95% relative humidity for 40 days. Weight loss percentage, general appearance, fruit firmness, TSS, titratable acidity, lycopene fruit content, pH values, vitamin C, dry matter and sensory evaluation as well aspostharvest rots for fruits treated with arabic gum at 5% or 10% and pectin at 2%, were slightly affected by the prolonging of the storage period comparing with untreated fruits and other treatments. General appearance, fruit firmness, titratable acidity, pH values, vitamin C and dry matter (%) were decreased as the storage period prolonged, whereas weight loss percentage, TSS and lycopene fruit content were increased. Coating cherry tomato fruits with arabic gum at 5 or 10% and pectin at 2% were the superior treatments during storage at 13°C and 90-95% RH in reducing weight loss (%), lycopene fruit content and TSS, meanwhile maintaining general appearance, fruit firmness, titratable acidity, pH values, vitamin C and dry matter (%). In addition, sensory evaluation showed that 10% or 5% arabic gum coating maintained the overall quality of the tomato fruit during storage, meanwhile treating cherry tomato fruits with arabic gum at 10% was the most effective treatment against fruits rots in both artificially and naturally infected fruits followed by arabic gum at 5%.
本研究是在2018年和2019年连续两个季节对F1杂交樱桃番茄Cherubino进行的，该番茄来自埃及Sharkia省El Salhia El Gadeda区的一个私人农场，在转轮阶段收获(25%的红色)。本文研究了在13°C、90-95%相对湿度条件下，将樱桃番茄果实浸泡在几种可食性材料(阿拉伯胶、纤维素、果胶、黄原胶)溶液中40天，对樱桃番茄果实品质、贮藏性和采后腐烂的影响。与未处理和其他处理相比，5%或10%阿拉伯胶和2%果胶处理的果实的减重率、总体外观、果实硬度、TSS、可滴定酸度、番茄红素果实含量、pH值、维生素C、干物质和感官评价以及采后腐烂程度受贮藏时间延长的影响较小。随着贮藏时间的延长，果实外观、硬度、可滴定酸度、pH值、维生素C和干物质(%)均降低，失重率、TSS和番茄红素含量均增加。在13°C和90-95%相对湿度条件下，用5%或10%的阿拉伯树胶和2%的果胶包膜处理樱桃番茄果实，在降低果实失重(%)、番茄红素含量和TSS，同时保持总体外观、果实硬度、可滴定酸度、pH值、维生素C和干物质(%)方面效果较好。感官评价结果表明，10%或5%的阿拉伯胶包膜在贮藏过程中保持了番茄果实的整体品质，而在人工和自然侵染的樱桃番茄果实中，10%的阿拉伯胶处理对果实腐烂的防治效果最好，其次是5%的阿拉伯胶。
{"title":"EFFECT OF SOME EDIBLE COATING MATERIALS ON QUALITY AND POSTHARVEST ROTS OF CHERRY TOMATO FRUITS DURING COLD STORAGE","authors":"Omaima O. Mohammed, M. Azzazy, S. E. A. Badawe","doi":"10.21608/ZJAR.2021.165655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ZJAR.2021.165655","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out during two successive seasons of 2018 and 2019 on cherry tomato F1 hybrid Cherubino which harvested at turning stage (25% red colour) from a private Farm at El Salhia El Gadeda District, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The aim of this work was to study the effect of dipping the fruits in solutions of some edible materials, (arabic gum, cellulose, pectin, xanthan) on maintaining quality and storability of cherry tomato fruits and postharvest rotsduring storageat 13°C and 90-95% relative humidity for 40 days. Weight loss percentage, general appearance, fruit firmness, TSS, titratable acidity, lycopene fruit content, pH values, vitamin C, dry matter and sensory evaluation as well aspostharvest rots for fruits treated with arabic gum at 5% or 10% and pectin at 2%, were slightly affected by the prolonging of the storage period comparing with untreated fruits and other treatments. General appearance, fruit firmness, titratable acidity, pH values, vitamin C and dry matter (%) were decreased as the storage period prolonged, whereas weight loss percentage, TSS and lycopene fruit content were increased. Coating cherry tomato fruits with arabic gum at 5 or 10% and pectin at 2% were the superior treatments during storage at 13°C and 90-95% RH in reducing weight loss (%), lycopene fruit content and TSS, meanwhile maintaining general appearance, fruit firmness, titratable acidity, pH values, vitamin C and dry matter (%). In addition, sensory evaluation showed that 10% or 5% arabic gum coating maintained the overall quality of the tomato fruit during storage, meanwhile treating cherry tomato fruits with arabic gum at 10% was the most effective treatment against fruits rots in both artificially and naturally infected fruits followed by arabic gum at 5%.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"37-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68565761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21608/ZJAR.2021.165706
M. Helal, A. Said, G. El-DinShams, M. A. El-Ftouh
This study aimed to determine the effect of cefepime on different liver and kidney functions of healthy rabbits (35days/1kg) were injected with singular intramuscular dose once daily for 5 successive days with 75 mg/kg body weight. Twenty-four healthy rabbits of the same sex were divided into two groups (n=12). First group was injected with distilled water (control) and second group was injected with 75 mg/kg once daily for 5 successive days. Blood samples were taken at (1 st , 3 rd , 7 th and 14 th day) without anticoagulant, centrifuged and frozen. Samples were analyzed and the results indicated that there was non-significant effect on liver functions as there was no change in each of the serum AST, ALT, ALP, total protein, and total albumin. The results indicated also that there was insignificant effect of cefepime on kidney functions, in terms of insignificant difference of serum urea and concentration and creatinine levels, meaning the safety of the drug on public health.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF CEFEPIME ON SERUM LIVER AND KIDNEY FUNCTIONS IN RABBITS","authors":"M. Helal, A. Said, G. El-DinShams, M. A. El-Ftouh","doi":"10.21608/ZJAR.2021.165706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ZJAR.2021.165706","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the effect of cefepime on different liver and kidney functions of healthy rabbits (35days/1kg) were injected with singular intramuscular dose once daily for 5 successive days with 75 mg/kg body weight. Twenty-four healthy rabbits of the same sex were divided into two groups (n=12). First group was injected with distilled water (control) and second group was injected with 75 mg/kg once daily for 5 successive days. Blood samples were taken at (1 st , 3 rd , 7 th and 14 th day) without anticoagulant, centrifuged and frozen. Samples were analyzed and the results indicated that there was non-significant effect on liver functions as there was no change in each of the serum AST, ALT, ALP, total protein, and total albumin. The results indicated also that there was insignificant effect of cefepime on kidney functions, in terms of insignificant difference of serum urea and concentration and creatinine levels, meaning the safety of the drug on public health.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"187-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68566567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21608/ZJAR.2021.165674
Ruqaia M. Ghaleb, E. Abbas, K. A. El-Hai, Dawlat Abdel Kader
Soybean plants doubted to be infcted with damping-off were collected from different naturaly infected districts of Dakahlia Governorate. Frequency of the isolated pathogens revealed that Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Rizoctonia solani, Pythium ultimum and Macrophomina Phaseolina. were the most aggressive pathogenic fungi causing the highest percentage of preemergence damping-off in Giza 35and Giza 111soybean cultivars. Among the five isolated fungi, only F. solani, R. solani and P. ultimum were the most pathogenic ones. F. solani exhibit the highest percentage of post-emergence damping-off in both cultivars followed by R. solani. Moreover,the highest percentage of haelthy survived soybean plants were obtained when Pythium ultimum, was investigated. In vitro study boron, cobalt and molybdenum proved microelemnts that Fusarium solani was the most affected pathogen when evaluated at any of microelements compared with R. solani and P. ultimumthe. Cobalt at 5ppm reveal the highest growth reduction percentage against the 3 fungi where it valued 74%. However, the least inhibitory effect was recorded when molybdenum used at 2ppm being 34.77% for the three pathogenic fungi. Whereas, boron at 2 ppm was apparently equal with molybdenum at 5 ppm. In vivo experiments of two consecutive growing seasons 2016 and 2017, revealed that molybdenum(5 ppm) proved to be the most effective where the least percentages of both pre and post emergence (5.66) were obtained followed by cobalt (2 ppm) resulting 8%, meanwhile, boron (2 ppm) was the least effective revealed 9% .Plant morphological parameters in treated soybean showed that plant height ranged from 89 cm for boron (5 ppm) and 111.6 cm for molybdenum cultivar 35 (5 ppm) in growing season 2016 and ranged from 96.0 cm for boron (5 ppm) and 118.6 cm for molybdenum (5 ppm) in 2017 season. The highest chlorophyll a and b values were affected by the application of molybdenum followed by cobalt then boron. Carotenoids and total phenols revealed the highest values when Cobalt (2 ppm), was used. Oil and protein percentages in soybean seeds reported the highest values when molybdenum was applied followed with cobalt.
{"title":"EFFICIENCY OF SOME ECHO FRIENDLY MICROELEMENTS IN CONTROLLING SOYBEAN DAMPING-OFF","authors":"Ruqaia M. Ghaleb, E. Abbas, K. A. El-Hai, Dawlat Abdel Kader","doi":"10.21608/ZJAR.2021.165674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ZJAR.2021.165674","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean plants doubted to be infcted with damping-off were collected from different naturaly infected districts of Dakahlia Governorate. Frequency of the isolated pathogens revealed that Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Rizoctonia solani, Pythium ultimum and Macrophomina Phaseolina. were the most aggressive pathogenic fungi causing the highest percentage of preemergence damping-off in Giza 35and Giza 111soybean cultivars. Among the five isolated fungi, only F. solani, R. solani and P. ultimum were the most pathogenic ones. F. solani exhibit the highest percentage of post-emergence damping-off in both cultivars followed by R. solani. Moreover,the highest percentage of haelthy survived soybean plants were obtained when Pythium ultimum, was investigated. In vitro study boron, cobalt and molybdenum proved microelemnts that Fusarium solani was the most affected pathogen when evaluated at any of microelements compared with R. solani and P. ultimumthe. Cobalt at 5ppm reveal the highest growth reduction percentage against the 3 fungi where it valued 74%. However, the least inhibitory effect was recorded when molybdenum used at 2ppm being 34.77% for the three pathogenic fungi. Whereas, boron at 2 ppm was apparently equal with molybdenum at 5 ppm. In vivo experiments of two consecutive growing seasons 2016 and 2017, revealed that molybdenum(5 ppm) proved to be the most effective where the least percentages of both pre and post emergence (5.66) were obtained followed by cobalt (2 ppm) resulting 8%, meanwhile, boron (2 ppm) was the least effective revealed 9% .Plant morphological parameters in treated soybean showed that plant height ranged from 89 cm for boron (5 ppm) and 111.6 cm for molybdenum cultivar 35 (5 ppm) in growing season 2016 and ranged from 96.0 cm for boron (5 ppm) and 118.6 cm for molybdenum (5 ppm) in 2017 season. The highest chlorophyll a and b values were affected by the application of molybdenum followed by cobalt then boron. Carotenoids and total phenols revealed the highest values when Cobalt (2 ppm), was used. Oil and protein percentages in soybean seeds reported the highest values when molybdenum was applied followed with cobalt.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"85-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68566065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21608/ZJAR.2021.165647
Khamis A. Mourad, A. El-Mehy
A field study was conducted during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons in Itay ELBaroud Agric. Res. Station, Beheira Governorate, Egypt, to study the effect of three sowing dates of sunflower (simultaneously with sugar beet (T1), twenty one days after sowing sugar beet (T2) and thirty five days after sowing sugar beet (T3)) and three intercropping systems (25% (S1), 33.3% (S2) and 50% (S3) of sunflower plant density + 100% sugar beet) on yield and yield components of both crops. A split plot design with four replications was used. Results showed that all studied characters of sugar beet were significantly affected by sowing dates and intercropping systems of sunflower. Intercropping system (S1) significantly increased all characters of sugar beet at T3 over the other treatments. Early sowing date (T1) significantly accelerated days to 50% of flowering and maturity date and recorded the highest values for each of growing degree days (GDD) and seed yield and its components of sunflower. Significant differences were recorded for sunflower studied traits as affected by the intercropping systems. The highest seed and oil yields/fad., were achieved with sole sunflower followed by S3 system at T1 compared with the other treatments. The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) value 1.46 was recorded at T2 with S3, followed by 1.44 with T2 x S1, as average of both seasons. While T2 x S1 had the highest relative crowding coefficient (RCC) and net return. It can be concluded that T2 x S1 had the highest sugar yield valued 4.74 ton/fad., increased net return by 28.30% and produced 26.10 ton sugar beet plus 444.63kg seed of sunflower compared to sole sugar beet which had 26.91 ton sugar beet.
{"title":"EFFECT OF SOWING DATE AND INTERCROPPING SYSTEM OF SUNFLOWER WITH SUGAR BEET ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF BOTH CROPS.","authors":"Khamis A. Mourad, A. El-Mehy","doi":"10.21608/ZJAR.2021.165647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ZJAR.2021.165647","url":null,"abstract":"A field study was conducted during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons in Itay ELBaroud Agric. Res. Station, Beheira Governorate, Egypt, to study the effect of three sowing dates of sunflower (simultaneously with sugar beet (T1), twenty one days after sowing sugar beet (T2) and thirty five days after sowing sugar beet (T3)) and three intercropping systems (25% (S1), 33.3% (S2) and 50% (S3) of sunflower plant density + 100% sugar beet) on yield and yield components of both crops. A split plot design with four replications was used. Results showed that all studied characters of sugar beet were significantly affected by sowing dates and intercropping systems of sunflower. Intercropping system (S1) significantly increased all characters of sugar beet at T3 over the other treatments. Early sowing date (T1) significantly accelerated days to 50% of flowering and maturity date and recorded the highest values for each of growing degree days (GDD) and seed yield and its components of sunflower. Significant differences were recorded for sunflower studied traits as affected by the intercropping systems. The highest seed and oil yields/fad., were achieved with sole sunflower followed by S3 system at T1 compared with the other treatments. The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) value 1.46 was recorded at T2 with S3, followed by 1.44 with T2 x S1, as average of both seasons. While T2 x S1 had the highest relative crowding coefficient (RCC) and net return. It can be concluded that T2 x S1 had the highest sugar yield valued 4.74 ton/fad., increased net return by 28.30% and produced 26.10 ton sugar beet plus 444.63kg seed of sunflower compared to sole sugar beet which had 26.91 ton sugar beet.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"19-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68565744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21608/ZJAR.2021.165671
Youssef A. A. Al-Kenawy, S. Khalil, Shadia M. Omarh, Hader Mansour
The present investigation was carried out during autumn season of 2017 to evaluate the efficiency of some botanical materials in controlling Varroa mite infestation in Carniolan and Italian honeybee colonies, in the Research Apiary of Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. Results cleared that treating Carniolan and Italian honeybee hybrid colonies with garlic extract, garlic oil, garlic paste, cinnamon extract, Eucalyptus crystals and cinnnamen powder + powdered sugar (1:1) increased significantly numbers of fallen mites, that ranged 175-263 mites/ Carniolan hybrid colony and 128-206 mites/ Italian hybrid colony compared to 27 and 22 fallen mites/ control colony of the two hybrids, respectively. As a results post-treatment percentage of infestalion ranged 5-12% in treated Carniolan colonies, 4-10% in treated Italian ones, regardless of the test agent. Meanwhile, untreated control colonies manifested 27 and 26% infestation for the two respective hybrids. Therefore, the percentage of efficiency of the test botanicals garlic extract‚ garlic oil‚ garlic paste‚ cinnamon extract‚ Eucalyptus crystals and cinnamon powder + powdered sugar (1:1). In Carniolan hybrid colonies recorded 76.54‚ 73.17‚ 66.88‚ 74.86‚ 64.81 and 57.77% against Varroa mite infestation‚ respectively. The respective percentages in Italian hybrid colonies were 78.69‚ 75.76‚ 70.32‚ 73.07‚ 70.85 and 63.56%.
{"title":"EFFICIENCY OF SOME BOTANICAL MATERIALS AS CONTROL AGENTS AGAINST Varroa destructor MITE (ANDERSON AND TRUMAN) INFESTING HONEYBEE COLONIES","authors":"Youssef A. A. Al-Kenawy, S. Khalil, Shadia M. Omarh, Hader Mansour","doi":"10.21608/ZJAR.2021.165671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ZJAR.2021.165671","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was carried out during autumn season of 2017 to evaluate the efficiency of some botanical materials in controlling Varroa mite infestation in Carniolan and Italian honeybee colonies, in the Research Apiary of Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. Results cleared that treating Carniolan and Italian honeybee hybrid colonies with garlic extract, garlic oil, garlic paste, cinnamon extract, Eucalyptus crystals and cinnnamen powder + powdered sugar (1:1) increased significantly numbers of fallen mites, that ranged 175-263 mites/ Carniolan hybrid colony and 128-206 mites/ Italian hybrid colony compared to 27 and 22 fallen mites/ control colony of the two hybrids, respectively. As a results post-treatment percentage of infestalion ranged 5-12% in treated Carniolan colonies, 4-10% in treated Italian ones, regardless of the test agent. Meanwhile, untreated control colonies manifested 27 and 26% infestation for the two respective hybrids. Therefore, the percentage of efficiency of the test botanicals garlic extract‚ garlic oil‚ garlic paste‚ cinnamon extract‚ Eucalyptus crystals and cinnamon powder + powdered sugar (1:1). In Carniolan hybrid colonies recorded 76.54‚ 73.17‚ 66.88‚ 74.86‚ 64.81 and 57.77% against Varroa mite infestation‚ respectively. The respective percentages in Italian hybrid colonies were 78.69‚ 75.76‚ 70.32‚ 73.07‚ 70.85 and 63.56%.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"79-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68565922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21608/ZJAR.2021.165686
A. Abdelhakim, E. Awad, I. Mohamed, E. El-Sheikh
It is well known that the natural cellulose has low ionic exchange properties, due to its characterization by a small number of carboxylic groups. Incorporation of different functional groups can promote its ionic exchange capacity. In this work, modification of orange peel by treating with sodium hydroxide and amination, phosphoration and sulfonation. The different ion exchanger has been used to increase the ion exchange capacity of such materials, by developing their swelling properties and decreasing their lignin content. A maximum uranium uptake of 726 mg/g was observed at the obtained optimum conditions using modified resin (ion exchange No. VII). The latter (0.841: 0.420) mm size orange peels were modified using a mixture of sulfonic and phosphoric acids. Ion exchange No. VII was used as the case study to remove uranium and associated elements from Sinai wells water. The main purpose of this work is to prepare different resins from the Egyptian plant waste. Orange peels were chosen because they are popular and widespread plant wastes in Egypt.
{"title":"REMOVAL OF URANIUM AND ASSOCIATED ELEMENTS FROM SINAI WELLS WATER USING THE DRIED AND CHEMICALLY MODIFIED ORANGE PEELS","authors":"A. Abdelhakim, E. Awad, I. Mohamed, E. El-Sheikh","doi":"10.21608/ZJAR.2021.165686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ZJAR.2021.165686","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that the natural cellulose has low ionic exchange properties, due to its characterization by a small number of carboxylic groups. Incorporation of different functional groups can promote its ionic exchange capacity. In this work, modification of orange peel by treating with sodium hydroxide and amination, phosphoration and sulfonation. The different ion exchanger has been used to increase the ion exchange capacity of such materials, by developing their swelling properties and decreasing their lignin content. A maximum uranium uptake of 726 mg/g was observed at the obtained optimum conditions using modified resin (ion exchange No. VII). The latter (0.841: 0.420) mm size orange peels were modified using a mixture of sulfonic and phosphoric acids. Ion exchange No. VII was used as the case study to remove uranium and associated elements from Sinai wells water. The main purpose of this work is to prepare different resins from the Egyptian plant waste. Orange peels were chosen because they are popular and widespread plant wastes in Egypt.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"137-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68565939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21608/ZJAR.2021.165676
Akram M. Abdulrahman, Jawhar Hamalaw Khalid, Z. Majeed, A. Taib
From a studied to collect data for temperature degrees during 1973 until 2019 there is clear evidence that show climate change is happening in our region. The collected data showed that the average annual temperature rate has raised by almost 1.3°C, the average of warmest year for this period was recorded in 2010 and it was 21.55°C. In 2016, average temperature degree was high 20.3°C as the global worm rising the lowest temperature in this period was 16.2°C recorded in 1992. Since 1973 until 1985 the average temperature was 18.39°C and since 1986 until 1998 the average temperature raised to 18.79°C, then since 1999 until 2010 the average temperature raised again to 19.93°C but in period 2011 to 2018 the average temperature raised to 20.09°C. The difference between warmest monthly average temperatures and the coldest month of the year or annual range in 1988 was the highest and valued 31.9°C while in year 1973 was the lowest (19.6°C) but the rate for the period 1973 to 2018 was 27.9°C. The absolute annual temperature range or differences between the maximum absolute temperature and the minimum absolute temperature during a year was obvious like in 1973 was the highest (53°C) and in 1987 was the lowest (35°C). Diurnal temperature variation or the daily difference between the maximum and minimum temperatures was limited in winter months almost recorded 6 9°C, but in summer months the ranges is bigger almost reported 15 18°C. Over these years specially from (2008 -2019) soils that affected with plant pathogenic nematodes increased dramatically in the study area witch was within 10 km 2 because of rising temperatures degrees and need to use greenhouses instead of open field cultivation, these greenhouses numbers influencing on agroecosystem structure for a long terms. From this investigation, and to control plant pathogenic nematodes in the infested greenhouses, farmers used kinds of chemical pesticides that cause damages to the soils and the yields as well as changing agroecosystem structure. Agroecosystem structure for the study area has been changed relatively because of increasing the numbers of greenhouses that got almost 7000 greenhouse causing imbalance in agroecosystem by using a huge amount of water (125 m 3 /greenhouse).
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURES RISE OVER 48-YEARS ON SULAYMANIYAH AGROECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE AND NEMATODES DISTRIBUTION USING GIS APPLICATION","authors":"Akram M. Abdulrahman, Jawhar Hamalaw Khalid, Z. Majeed, A. Taib","doi":"10.21608/ZJAR.2021.165676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ZJAR.2021.165676","url":null,"abstract":"From a studied to collect data for temperature degrees during 1973 until 2019 there is clear evidence that show climate change is happening in our region. The collected data showed that the average annual temperature rate has raised by almost 1.3°C, the average of warmest year for this period was recorded in 2010 and it was 21.55°C. In 2016, average temperature degree was high 20.3°C as the global worm rising the lowest temperature in this period was 16.2°C recorded in 1992. Since 1973 until 1985 the average temperature was 18.39°C and since 1986 until 1998 the average temperature raised to 18.79°C, then since 1999 until 2010 the average temperature raised again to 19.93°C but in period 2011 to 2018 the average temperature raised to 20.09°C. The difference between warmest monthly average temperatures and the coldest month of the year or annual range in 1988 was the highest and valued 31.9°C while in year 1973 was the lowest (19.6°C) but the rate for the period 1973 to 2018 was 27.9°C. The absolute annual temperature range or differences between the maximum absolute temperature and the minimum absolute temperature during a year was obvious like in 1973 was the highest (53°C) and in 1987 was the lowest (35°C). Diurnal temperature variation or the daily difference between the maximum and minimum temperatures was limited in winter months almost recorded 6 9°C, but in summer months the ranges is bigger almost reported 15 18°C. Over these years specially from (2008 -2019) soils that affected with plant pathogenic nematodes increased dramatically in the study area witch was within 10 km 2 because of rising temperatures degrees and need to use greenhouses instead of open field cultivation, these greenhouses numbers influencing on agroecosystem structure for a long terms. From this investigation, and to control plant pathogenic nematodes in the infested greenhouses, farmers used kinds of chemical pesticides that cause damages to the soils and the yields as well as changing agroecosystem structure. Agroecosystem structure for the study area has been changed relatively because of increasing the numbers of greenhouses that got almost 7000 greenhouse causing imbalance in agroecosystem by using a huge amount of water (125 m 3 /greenhouse).","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"111-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68566199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21608/zjar.2021.165665
Sarah H. El-Fouly, I. M. Kelany, S. Omara, S. Hassanein, M. Gharib, Gamila Sh. Seleem
The cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (F.) is a serious economic insect pest of many stored products, spices and dried fruits. This work was carried out in the Laboratory of Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Egypt, to study the effect of eight different botanical foods as insect diets (standard insect rearing diet, wheat germ, oat grains, cumin seeds, corn flakes, chamomile flowers, roselle flowers and fenugreek seeds) on some biological aspects of this insect, population growth after one and three months as well as percentage of weight loss. Also, the effect of the heavy insect infestation on certain chemical constituents of the tested foods as food moisture content, total carbohydrates, total proteins, ash, total fats and total fibers was determined and compared to control after three months of storage. The standard insect rearing diet and wheat germ were the best foods since the insect larval period was very short (14.45 and 15.36 days, respectively), while fenugreek was less preferred food as larval diet (30.55 days). Pupal period ranged from 7.18 to 11.81 days on wheat germ and corn flakes, respectively. The shortest complete developmental period was 30.67 days on wheat germ and the longest one was 53.21 days on fenugreek seeds. Values of the susceptibility index ranged from 3.03 to 8.08% for fenugreek seeds and wheat germ, respectively. The standard insect rearing diet and wheat germ were the best food kinds since they produced the highest mean progeny number after one and three months of storage (204.33, 151.67 and 3151.30, 4313.30 adults, respectively). Mean weight loss percentage ranged from 0.52 to 5.20% on corn flakes and oat grains after one month from insect infestation, respectively. However, it reached its maximum value (31.13%) on the standard insect rearing diet and minimum value on cumin seeds (1.23%) after three months. The highest relative weight loss per each adult insect was 23.75% on chamomile flowers and the lowest one valued 2.66% on corn flakes after one month of storage. After three months the value increased on corn flakes, standard insect rearing diet, roselle flowers and cumin seeds, while decreased on the other tested food kinds. A positive correlation was found between the heavy insect infestation on some foods and the chemical constituents as moisture content, total carbohydrate, total proteins, total fats, ash and total fibers. In contrast a negative one was recorded on the other foods. Positive correlation coefficients with all tested chemical constituents on sound and infested foods were detected by highly significant for total carbohydrates and total proteins as well as significant for total fats. The heavy insect infestation increased both the progeny number and the incurred weight loss and affected the chemical constituents of the different tested food kinds compared to control. All tested food kinds were infested by the cigarette beetle L. serricorne and no immun
{"title":"BIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE CIGARETTE BEETLE, Lasioderma serricorne (F.) ON DIFFERENT BOTANICAL FOODS","authors":"Sarah H. El-Fouly, I. M. Kelany, S. Omara, S. Hassanein, M. Gharib, Gamila Sh. Seleem","doi":"10.21608/zjar.2021.165665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/zjar.2021.165665","url":null,"abstract":"The cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (F.) is a serious economic insect pest of many stored products, spices and dried fruits. This work was carried out in the Laboratory of Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Egypt, to study the effect of eight different botanical foods as insect diets (standard insect rearing diet, wheat germ, oat grains, cumin seeds, corn flakes, chamomile flowers, roselle flowers and fenugreek seeds) on some biological aspects of this insect, population growth after one and three months as well as percentage of weight loss. Also, the effect of the heavy insect infestation on certain chemical constituents of the tested foods as food moisture content, total carbohydrates, total proteins, ash, total fats and total fibers was determined and compared to control after three months of storage. The standard insect rearing diet and wheat germ were the best foods since the insect larval period was very short (14.45 and 15.36 days, respectively), while fenugreek was less preferred food as larval diet (30.55 days). Pupal period ranged from 7.18 to 11.81 days on wheat germ and corn flakes, respectively. The shortest complete developmental period was 30.67 days on wheat germ and the longest one was 53.21 days on fenugreek seeds. Values of the susceptibility index ranged from 3.03 to 8.08% for fenugreek seeds and wheat germ, respectively. The standard insect rearing diet and wheat germ were the best food kinds since they produced the highest mean progeny number after one and three months of storage (204.33, 151.67 and 3151.30, 4313.30 adults, respectively). Mean weight loss percentage ranged from 0.52 to 5.20% on corn flakes and oat grains after one month from insect infestation, respectively. However, it reached its maximum value (31.13%) on the standard insect rearing diet and minimum value on cumin seeds (1.23%) after three months. The highest relative weight loss per each adult insect was 23.75% on chamomile flowers and the lowest one valued 2.66% on corn flakes after one month of storage. After three months the value increased on corn flakes, standard insect rearing diet, roselle flowers and cumin seeds, while decreased on the other tested food kinds. A positive correlation was found between the heavy insect infestation on some foods and the chemical constituents as moisture content, total carbohydrate, total proteins, total fats, ash and total fibers. In contrast a negative one was recorded on the other foods. Positive correlation coefficients with all tested chemical constituents on sound and infested foods were detected by highly significant for total carbohydrates and total proteins as well as significant for total fats. The heavy insect infestation increased both the progeny number and the incurred weight loss and affected the chemical constituents of the different tested food kinds compared to control. All tested food kinds were infested by the cigarette beetle L. serricorne and no immun","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68566330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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