The present research study was conducted during 2020 in Institute of Agricultural Resource Economics, University of Agricutlure, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan to measure the farmers’ understanding regarding the impact of Climatic and Natural Hazards (CNHs) in the CottonWheat Cropping System of Punjab, Pakistan. The study also ranked the impact of climatic and natural hazards. The primary data were collected from 540 farmers of Punjab, Pakistan’s major cotton-growing districts. Questions regarding CNHs were inquired by using the Likert Scale (one being the strongly disagree and five strongly agree). Using descriptive statistics, the influence of climate and natural risks on agricultural yield was assessed. The replies were grouped into percentages and graphs. Approximately 61% of farmers strongly agreed that floods and droughts reduced agricultural yield. Moreover, 56% of respondents strongly agreed that frost, hailstorms and excessive heat harm agricultural output. In addition, 65 percent strongly agreed that biological illnesses, extreme cold, winter and summer winds, fog, smog, heatwaves, humidity, typhoons, and insect infestations had negative consequences. The impact of frequent rain was ranked as first by the farmers. In contrast, biological illnesses, hailstorms, bug infestations, floods and droughts, late rains, intense heat and frost, summer and winter wind storms, typhon, early showers and extreme cold were ranked 2nd through 17th. It was concluded that majority of farmers well aware of the climatic and natural hazards. Educating farmers on the impacts of CNHs on agricultural productivity was proposed.
{"title":"FARMER’S PERCEPTIONS REGARDING NATURAL HAZARDS IN COTTON-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN","authors":"M. Usman, Asghar Ali, S. Hassan, M. Bashir","doi":"10.58475/2022.60.4.1894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58475/2022.60.4.1894","url":null,"abstract":"The present research study was conducted during 2020 in Institute of Agricultural Resource Economics, University of Agricutlure, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan to measure the farmers’ understanding regarding the impact of Climatic and Natural Hazards (CNHs) in the CottonWheat Cropping System of Punjab, Pakistan. The study also ranked the impact of climatic and natural hazards. The primary data were collected from 540 farmers of Punjab, Pakistan’s major cotton-growing districts. Questions regarding CNHs were inquired by using the Likert Scale (one being the strongly disagree and five strongly agree). Using descriptive statistics, the influence of climate and natural risks on agricultural yield was assessed. The replies were grouped into percentages and graphs. Approximately 61% of farmers strongly agreed that floods and droughts reduced agricultural yield. Moreover, 56% of respondents strongly agreed that frost, hailstorms and excessive heat harm agricultural output. In addition, 65 percent strongly agreed that biological illnesses, extreme cold, winter and summer winds, fog, smog, heatwaves, humidity, typhoons, and insect infestations had negative consequences. The impact of frequent rain was ranked as first by the farmers. In contrast, biological illnesses, hailstorms, bug infestations, floods and droughts, late rains, intense heat and frost, summer and winter wind storms, typhon, early showers and extreme cold were ranked 2nd through 17th. It was concluded that majority of farmers well aware of the climatic and natural hazards. Educating farmers on the impacts of CNHs on agricultural productivity was proposed.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49116286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current study was conducted at Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan during 2019-20. Genetic variability, correlation (r) and broadsense heritability (h2 BS) were studied in ten diverse accessions of Brassica napus for analysis of yield causative characters. All the genotypes were found to be significantly different from each other for all studied traits which shows variability among genotypes. High values of phenotypic co-efficient of variance (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) were observed for branches on the main stem, 1000-seeds weight (g), and the number of seeds per silique which is the sign of the presence of variability in these characters. The same characters depicted the higher heritability (>50) along with high genetic advance which was the indication of an additive type of gene action. The plant height showed significant positive association with branches on main stem (r = 0.73**), thousand (1000)-seeds weight (r = 0.90**), seed yield per plant (r = 0.66*) and oil content (r = 0.65*). The branches on the main stem showed a similar association with seed yield per plant (r = 0.91**) and 1000-seeds weight (r = 0.67*). The results revealed that branches on the main stem, seeds per silique and 1000-seeds weight were improved through mass selection. Principal component analysis revealed that the first four principle components (PCs) contributed up to 95% of total variation whereas, the first PC shared its maximum in total variation and selection from this PC could be exploited in further breeding programs.
{"title":"GENETIC VARIABILITY AND PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF YIELD CAUSATIVE CHARACTERS IN BRASSICA NAPUS L.","authors":"F. Khan, Nabeel Shaheen, U. Khan","doi":"10.58475/2022.60.4.1728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58475/2022.60.4.1728","url":null,"abstract":"Current study was conducted at Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan during 2019-20. Genetic variability, correlation (r) and broadsense heritability (h2 BS) were studied in ten diverse accessions of Brassica napus for analysis of yield causative characters. All the genotypes were found to be significantly different from each other for all studied traits which shows variability among genotypes. High values of phenotypic co-efficient of variance (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) were observed for branches on the main stem, 1000-seeds weight (g), and the number of seeds per silique which is the sign of the presence of variability in these characters. The same characters depicted the higher heritability (>50) along with high genetic advance which was the indication of an additive type of gene action. The plant height showed significant positive association with branches on main stem (r = 0.73**), thousand (1000)-seeds weight (r = 0.90**), seed yield per plant (r = 0.66*) and oil content (r = 0.65*). The branches on the main stem showed a similar association with seed yield per plant (r = 0.91**) and 1000-seeds weight (r = 0.67*). The results revealed that branches on the main stem, seeds per silique and 1000-seeds weight were improved through mass selection. Principal component analysis revealed that the first four principle components (PCs) contributed up to 95% of total variation whereas, the first PC shared its maximum in total variation and selection from this PC could be exploited in further breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44130989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Low yield of chickpea in Pakistan is due to the existence of wilt and blight diseases. Screening of existing germplasm against diseases is pre requisite for crop improvement. Pathogens of wilt and blight diseases were isolated from diseased samples and inoculum was prepared. Forty one chickpea genotypes containing approved varieties, advance lines etc., were screened in blight and wilt inoculated nurseries under controlled conditions separately. The experiment was laid out under augmented design. The experiment was conducted at Arid Zone Research Institute, Bhakkar, Pakistan during 2019-2021. Data for each disease was collected according to respective disease scales. The scale (1-9) was used for recording the data. Out of total forty-one genotypes, only two varieties (Bittal-16 and Niab-16) were moderately resistant, sixteen genotypes were susceptible and the rest were highly susceptible to Ascochyta blight disease. The level of resistance in blight experiment was 3.27% while susceptibility level was 96.72%. In case of second experiment of chickpea wilt was sown in sick plot. For Fusarium wilt, four genotypes (TG 1708, TG 1710, TG 1712 & TG 1808) were found resistant, fifteen were moderately resistant, twelve were susceptible and the remaining were highly susceptible. The resistant level in this experiment was 6.5%, moderately resistant was 24.59% and remaining susceptible and highly susceptible was 73.77%. The genotypes showed resistance against Ascochyta blight and Fusarium wilt can be utilized in future breeding programs to develop high yielding disease resistant cultivars of chickpea.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF CHICKPEA ELITE LINES AGAINST ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT AND FUSARIUM WILT","authors":"J. A. Shah, Azhar Iqbal, M. Hussain, B. Iqbal","doi":"10.58475/2022.60.4.1844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58475/2022.60.4.1844","url":null,"abstract":"Low yield of chickpea in Pakistan is due to the existence of wilt and blight diseases. Screening of existing germplasm against diseases is pre requisite for crop improvement. Pathogens of wilt and blight diseases were isolated from diseased samples and inoculum was prepared. Forty one chickpea genotypes containing approved varieties, advance lines etc., were screened in blight and wilt inoculated nurseries under controlled conditions separately. The experiment was laid out under augmented design. The experiment was conducted at Arid Zone Research Institute, Bhakkar, Pakistan during 2019-2021. Data for each disease was collected according to respective disease scales. The scale (1-9) was used for recording the data. Out of total forty-one genotypes, only two varieties (Bittal-16 and Niab-16) were moderately resistant, sixteen genotypes were susceptible and the rest were highly susceptible to Ascochyta blight disease. The level of resistance in blight experiment was 3.27% while susceptibility level was 96.72%. In case of second experiment of chickpea wilt was sown in sick plot. For Fusarium wilt, four genotypes (TG 1708, TG 1710, TG 1712 & TG 1808) were found resistant, fifteen were moderately resistant, twelve were susceptible and the remaining were highly susceptible. The resistant level in this experiment was 6.5%, moderately resistant was 24.59% and remaining susceptible and highly susceptible was 73.77%. The genotypes showed resistance against Ascochyta blight and Fusarium wilt can be utilized in future breeding programs to develop high yielding disease resistant cultivars of chickpea.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46488827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Riaz, I. Ashraf, K. M. Ch., M. Usman, Sohaib Usman, R. Ejaz
The current research was planned and conducted at Institute of Agricultural Extension, Education and Rural Development, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan during the year 2019-20 and restricted to district Gujranwala with respect to potato crop. The main objective of this study was to compare the extension services provided by the public and private sector along with different teaching methodologies adopted by them. However, 36 respondents from each tehsil of district Gujranwala were selected through convenient sampling technique. Thereby, getting a sample size of 144 for the purpose of data collection for which interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed through SPSS. Results were explained through weighted score and mean values of all variables. According to results it was found that both sectors were giving useful knowledge to farmers with different teaching methods. It was also concluded that farmers had desire to take information from public sector but they have to go to private sector for products. Furthermore, it was also concluded that performance of public sector was better than private sector.
{"title":"AN ANALYSIS OF COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE EXTENSION SERVICES REGARDING POTATO PRODUCTION IN DISTRICT GUJRANWALA","authors":"I. Riaz, I. Ashraf, K. M. Ch., M. Usman, Sohaib Usman, R. Ejaz","doi":"10.58475/2022.60.4.1810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58475/2022.60.4.1810","url":null,"abstract":"The current research was planned and conducted at Institute of Agricultural Extension, Education and Rural Development, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan during the year 2019-20 and restricted to district Gujranwala with respect to potato crop. The main objective of this study was to compare the extension services provided by the public and private sector along with different teaching methodologies adopted by them. However, 36 respondents from each tehsil of district Gujranwala were selected through convenient sampling technique. Thereby, getting a sample size of 144 for the purpose of data collection for which interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed through SPSS. Results were explained through weighted score and mean values of all variables. According to results it was found that both sectors were giving useful knowledge to farmers with different teaching methods. It was also concluded that farmers had desire to take information from public sector but they have to go to private sector for products. Furthermore, it was also concluded that performance of public sector was better than private sector.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44488994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Arshad, A. Jahangeer, N. Muhammad, A. Ali, M. Akram, M. Aslam, Siraj Ahmed, Nawal Zafar, A. Majid, I. Ahmad
Current study was designed during 2019-2020 at Agricultural Research Farm, Agronomy (Fodder Production) Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan with main objective to evaluate the varying supplementary dietary levels of Moringa oleifera fresh leaves for optimum production in Nili-Ravi buffaloes. A trial of 9 buffaloes was selected having 3-4 parity and were divided into 3 groups: A, B and C. Buffaloes in group A, B and C were supplementary fed 2 kg, 3 kg and 4 kg Moringa oleifera fresh leaves per day for one week each. The influence of Moringa oleifera fresh leaves was studies on following parameters: animal weight gain, milk yield and milk composition. The collected data were analyzed statistically. The result of this study indicated that optimum weight gain was found in the animals supplementarily fed 4 kg Moringa oleifera fresh leaves per day and average body weight of animals increased from 669, 503 and 644 kg to 678, 507 and 651 kg in group A, B and C, respectively. Similarly animals fed 4 kg Moringa oleifera fresh leaves per day yielded optimum milk production as compared to other groups of animals wherein average milk yield was increased from 5.05, 6.50 and 5.45 liters to 5.6, 6.7 and 5.9 liters in group A, B and C, respectively. Total solids in the milk were also increased in the treatment where 4 kg Moringa oleifera fresh leaves were fed to animals per day where fat % increased from 6.5, 6.9 and 6.8 to 6.8, 7.0 and 6.9, Crude protein % from 4.72, 4.5 and 4.51 to 4.81, 4.64 and 4.6 % and calcium % increased from 0.112, 0.117 and 0.101 to 0.13, 0.129 and 0.116 in group A, B and C, respectively. It was concluded that in addition to all other feeding requirements, 4 kg dietary Moringa oleifera fresh leaves might affect the body weight and production performance of Nili-Ravi buffaloes positively without any ill effects on milk aroma and appearance.
目前的研究是在2019-2020年期间在巴基斯坦费萨拉巴德Ayub农业研究所农学(饲料生产)科农业研究农场设计的，主要目的是评估Nili-Ravi水牛在不同膳食补充水平下的辣木鲜叶的最佳产量。试验选用3 ~ 4胎次的水牛9头，分为A、B、C组。A、B、C组分别饲喂辣木鲜叶2、3、4 kg /天，饲喂1周。研究了辣木鲜叶对动物增重、产奶量和乳成分的影响。对收集到的数据进行统计分析。结果表明，A组、B组和C组的平均体重分别从669、503和644 kg增加到678、507和651 kg，每天补充4 kg辣木鲜叶的增重效果最佳。同样，与A、B和C组的平均产奶量分别从5.05、6.50和5.45升提高到5.6、6.7和5.9升的其他组相比，每天饲喂4公斤辣木鲜叶的动物产奶量最佳。每天饲喂4 kg辣木鲜叶也提高了乳中总固结物含量，A、B、C组脂肪%分别从6.5、6.9、6.8提高到6.8、7.0、6.9，粗蛋白质%分别从4.72、4.5、4.51提高到4.81、4.64、4.6%，钙%分别从0.112、0.117、0.101提高到0.13、0.129、0.116。综上所述，除其他饲粮要求外，饲粮添加4 kg辣木鲜叶可对尼利拉维水牛的体重和生产性能产生积极影响，但对乳汁香气和外观无不良影响。
{"title":"FEEDING RESPONSE OF MORINGA OLEIFERA FRESH LEAVES ON BODY WEIGHT MILK PRODUCTION AND COMPOSITION IN BUFFALOES","authors":"Muhammad Arshad, A. Jahangeer, N. Muhammad, A. Ali, M. Akram, M. Aslam, Siraj Ahmed, Nawal Zafar, A. Majid, I. Ahmad","doi":"10.58475/2022.60.4.1843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58475/2022.60.4.1843","url":null,"abstract":"Current study was designed during 2019-2020 at Agricultural Research Farm, Agronomy (Fodder Production) Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan with main objective to evaluate the varying supplementary dietary levels of Moringa oleifera fresh leaves for optimum production in Nili-Ravi buffaloes. A trial of 9 buffaloes was selected having 3-4 parity and were divided into 3 groups: A, B and C. Buffaloes in group A, B and C were supplementary fed 2 kg, 3 kg and 4 kg Moringa oleifera fresh leaves per day for one week each. The influence of Moringa oleifera fresh leaves was studies on following parameters: animal weight gain, milk yield and milk composition. The collected data were analyzed statistically. The result of this study indicated that optimum weight gain was found in the animals supplementarily fed 4 kg Moringa oleifera fresh leaves per day and average body weight of animals increased from 669, 503 and 644 kg to 678, 507 and 651 kg in group A, B and C, respectively. Similarly animals fed 4 kg Moringa oleifera fresh leaves per day yielded optimum milk production as compared to other groups of animals wherein average milk yield was increased from 5.05, 6.50 and 5.45 liters to 5.6, 6.7 and 5.9 liters in group A, B and C, respectively. Total solids in the milk were also increased in the treatment where 4 kg Moringa oleifera fresh leaves were fed to animals per day where fat % increased from 6.5, 6.9 and 6.8 to 6.8, 7.0 and 6.9, Crude protein % from 4.72, 4.5 and 4.51 to 4.81, 4.64 and 4.6 % and calcium % increased from 0.112, 0.117 and 0.101 to 0.13, 0.129 and 0.116 in group A, B and C, respectively. It was concluded that in addition to all other feeding requirements, 4 kg dietary Moringa oleifera fresh leaves might affect the body weight and production performance of Nili-Ravi buffaloes positively without any ill effects on milk aroma and appearance.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48329867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study was conducted in Multan, Pakistan to investigate an automated appearance based system for purity level identification of seven common rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties from mixed rice grain samples. Adulteration is a major hurdle that affects rice export in Pakistan that refers to the mixing of premium rice grain varieties with the low grade rice grains to be marketed at a high cost. This study was based on the dataset collected from Rice Research Institute, Kala Shah Kaku, Pakistan during 2018-2020. Three Pakistani premium rice varieties (Basmati Shaheen, Basmati Super, and Basmati Pak) were mixed with four low quality varieties (Basmati 198, Basmati 2000, Basmati 370 and Basmati 385) in weight ratios of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. Classification and recognition of purity level of basmati rice achieved average accuracy of 89.88% using convolutional neural network. The proposed system has the potential to be used at a commercial scale to test the purity level of exported rice.
{"title":"IDENTIFICATION OF RICE PURITY LEVEL FROM MIXED RICE VARIETIES USING DEEP LEARNING","authors":"Khalid Abbas, Ayesha Hakim, N. Nadeem, Adnan Altaf, Hafiz Rizwan Iqbal","doi":"10.58475/2022.60.4.1811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58475/2022.60.4.1811","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was conducted in Multan, Pakistan to investigate an automated appearance based system for purity level identification of seven common rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties from mixed rice grain samples. Adulteration is a major hurdle that affects rice export in Pakistan that refers to the mixing of premium rice grain varieties with the low grade rice grains to be marketed at a high cost. This study was based on the dataset collected from Rice Research Institute, Kala Shah Kaku, Pakistan during 2018-2020. Three Pakistani premium rice varieties (Basmati Shaheen, Basmati Super, and Basmati Pak) were mixed with four low quality varieties (Basmati 198, Basmati 2000, Basmati 370 and Basmati 385) in weight ratios of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. Classification and recognition of purity level of basmati rice achieved average accuracy of 89.88% using convolutional neural network. The proposed system has the potential to be used at a commercial scale to test the purity level of exported rice.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41247123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Maalik, Sajida Mushtaq, N. Rana, Nazia Ehsan, N. Bano, A. Hafeez
Pakistan is an agricultural Country having diverse types of soil and irrigation system. Punjab being the most productive province contributes 69% of total land area for agriculture. Faisalabad is one of the most productive regions of Punjab sharing 3985 hectares for cropland usage. Agriculture sector besides providing food and employment also provides a shelter for insect fauna. Lepidoptera, which includes butterflies, moths and skippers, is the second largest order of insects having more than 180 thousand species. Diversity of lepidopteran fauna is largely influenced by availability and type of floral diversity. These lepidopterans act as pest and pollinators at same time. During present study diversity, relative abundance, richness and temporal distribution of lepidopteran fauna (larvae + adult) was explored from four selected crops namely wheat, sugarcane, fodder and vegetables by using quadrat and sweep net and pitfall methods from May 2019 to April 2020. Specimens were collected and identified by using different identification keys at Department of Agri-Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Results showed that Noctuidae family was abundantly distributed (43.27%). Most abundant species was Pieris brassicae with 10.97% relative abundance. Quadrat method was proved to be good method for collection of lepidoptera with 76.79% relative abundance. Autumn season was found most favorable in regards for species distribution and abundance (43.98%). Significant results (p-value < 0.05) were found from all selected crops and seasons. Species richness (H’) was highest in fodder (2.6396) during autumn (2.73). Inshort, lepidoptera diversity, occurrence, richness and relative abundance depends upon cropland ecosystem and environmental conditions.
{"title":"ESTIMATION OF DIVERSITY-RELATIVE ABUNDANCE AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF LEPIDOPTERAN SPECIES FROM AGRO-ECOSYSTEM OF DISTRICT FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN","authors":"S. Maalik, Sajida Mushtaq, N. Rana, Nazia Ehsan, N. Bano, A. Hafeez","doi":"10.58475/2022.60.4.1842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58475/2022.60.4.1842","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan is an agricultural Country having diverse types of soil and irrigation system. Punjab being the most productive province contributes 69% of total land area for agriculture. Faisalabad is one of the most productive regions of Punjab sharing 3985 hectares for cropland usage. Agriculture sector besides providing food and employment also provides a shelter for insect fauna. Lepidoptera, which includes butterflies, moths and skippers, is the second largest order of insects having more than 180 thousand species. Diversity of lepidopteran fauna is largely influenced by availability and type of floral diversity. These lepidopterans act as pest and pollinators at same time. During present study diversity, relative abundance, richness and temporal distribution of lepidopteran fauna (larvae + adult) was explored from four selected crops namely wheat, sugarcane, fodder and vegetables by using quadrat and sweep net and pitfall methods from May 2019 to April 2020. Specimens were collected and identified by using different identification keys at Department of Agri-Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Results showed that Noctuidae family was abundantly distributed (43.27%). Most abundant species was Pieris brassicae with 10.97% relative abundance. Quadrat method was proved to be good method for collection of lepidoptera with 76.79% relative abundance. Autumn season was found most favorable in regards for species distribution and abundance (43.98%). Significant results (p-value < 0.05) were found from all selected crops and seasons. Species richness (H’) was highest in fodder (2.6396) during autumn (2.73). Inshort, lepidoptera diversity, occurrence, richness and relative abundance depends upon cropland ecosystem and environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46057062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Touqeer Haider, Saeed Ahmad, M. Abbas, Naseem Sharif, Nida Mahreen, Komal Aslam, A. Noreen
Current study was conducted in 2019 at Post Harvest Research Center, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan and Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan to address this problem of strawberry fruit where aloe vera gel coating was applied with different concentrations (0.1%, 1.5% and 2%) at 3°C to determine its possible effects on postharvest fruit quality and to increase the shelf life. Data were recorded on different fruit related parameters like fruit weight loss, fruit shape index, firmness, disease and decay %age, pH, TSS, titrateable acidity, vitamin-c content, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and total sugars. The results showed that application of 1.5% aloe vera gel significantly increased the shelf life as evidenced by minimum fruit weight loss (5.2%), higher fruit firmness (2.75%), less disease and decay (5.8%). However, TSS (8.16 °Brix), reducing sugars (2.98%), non-reducing sugars (2.59%) and total sugars (5.57%) were found maximum for control. Highest acidity (0.88%) and vitamin C contents (53.46 mg/100g) were found in fruits treated with 2% aloe vera gel. Moreover, lowest pH (4.41) was recorded in fruits coated with 2% aloe vera gel. Results of this study revealed that the potential of using aloe vera gel at 1.5% as a coating material proved to be better to prolong postharvest life as well as to maintain quality of strawberry fruits
{"title":"EFFECT OF ALOE VERA GEL COATING ON POSTHARVEST FRUIT QUALITY OF STRAWBERRY FRUIT (FRAGERIA ANANASSA)","authors":"Touqeer Haider, Saeed Ahmad, M. Abbas, Naseem Sharif, Nida Mahreen, Komal Aslam, A. Noreen","doi":"10.58475/2022.60.4.1836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58475/2022.60.4.1836","url":null,"abstract":"Current study was conducted in 2019 at Post Harvest Research Center, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan and Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan to address this problem of strawberry fruit where aloe vera gel coating was applied with different concentrations (0.1%, 1.5% and 2%) at 3°C to determine its possible effects on postharvest fruit quality and to increase the shelf life. Data were recorded on different fruit related parameters like fruit weight loss, fruit shape index, firmness, disease and decay %age, pH, TSS, titrateable acidity, vitamin-c content, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and total sugars. The results showed that application of 1.5% aloe vera gel significantly increased the shelf life as evidenced by minimum fruit weight loss (5.2%), higher fruit firmness (2.75%), less disease and decay (5.8%). However, TSS (8.16 °Brix), reducing sugars (2.98%), non-reducing sugars (2.59%) and total sugars (5.57%) were found maximum for control. Highest acidity (0.88%) and vitamin C contents (53.46 mg/100g) were found in fruits treated with 2% aloe vera gel. Moreover, lowest pH (4.41) was recorded in fruits coated with 2% aloe vera gel. Results of this study revealed that the potential of using aloe vera gel at 1.5% as a coating material proved to be better to prolong postharvest life as well as to maintain quality of strawberry fruits","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46849000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urooj Naeem, M. Qazi, I. Haq, M. Afzaal, I. Warraich
The current study was conducted at Microbiology Laboratory, Auriga Group of Companies, Lahore duing 2019, aimed for screening and isolating a biocontrol agent that inhibits Macrophomina phaseolina (M. phaseolina) and Fusarium incarnatum (F. incarnatum) growth by reducing disease incidence and increases maize agronomic performance. A plate culture assay was used to screen biocontrol agent for fungal pathogens such as M. phaseolina and F. incarnatum responsible for charcoal foot rot and stalk rot. Among 37 isolates, CD6C isolated from press mud, demonstrated a substantial antifungal potential. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed 100% similarity between CD6C and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The growth inhibition % during plate culture assay for M. phaseolina and F. incarnatum was 46.5 + 1.9 and 49.8 + 1.1, respectively. The supernatant also had the best antifungal activity against charcoal rots caused by M. phaseolina in comparison to the control during the pot experiment. P. aeruginosa CD6C treatment showed a decline in maize foot rot caused by M. phaseolina. Research findings showed that P. aeruginosa CD6C could impede M. phaseolina growth and exacerbate maize plant growth parameters. The data support discovering more antifungal compounds from P. aeruginosa CD6C, which can lead to competent and successful pathogen biocontrol treatment. Moreover, study suggested that P. aeruginosa CD6C was found to be auspicious for maize plant and should be promoted for plant growth enhancement and suppression of fungal diseases by scaling down chemical pesticides for pollution control.
{"title":"POTENTIAL OF P. AERUGINOSA CD6C AS ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY BIO-FUNGICIDE","authors":"Urooj Naeem, M. Qazi, I. Haq, M. Afzaal, I. Warraich","doi":"10.58475/2022.60.4.1703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58475/2022.60.4.1703","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was conducted at Microbiology Laboratory, Auriga Group of Companies, Lahore duing 2019, aimed for screening and isolating a biocontrol agent that inhibits Macrophomina phaseolina (M. phaseolina) and Fusarium incarnatum (F. incarnatum) growth by reducing disease incidence and increases maize agronomic performance. A plate culture assay was used to screen biocontrol agent for fungal pathogens such as M. phaseolina and F. incarnatum responsible for charcoal foot rot and stalk rot. Among 37 isolates, CD6C isolated from press mud, demonstrated a substantial antifungal potential. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed 100% similarity between CD6C and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The growth inhibition % during plate culture assay for M. phaseolina and F. incarnatum was 46.5 + 1.9 and 49.8 + 1.1, respectively. The supernatant also had the best antifungal activity against charcoal rots caused by M. phaseolina in comparison to the control during the pot experiment. P. aeruginosa CD6C treatment showed a decline in maize foot rot caused by M. phaseolina. Research findings showed that P. aeruginosa CD6C could impede M. phaseolina growth and exacerbate maize plant growth parameters. The data support discovering more antifungal compounds from P. aeruginosa CD6C, which can lead to competent and successful pathogen biocontrol treatment. Moreover, study suggested that P. aeruginosa CD6C was found to be auspicious for maize plant and should be promoted for plant growth enhancement and suppression of fungal diseases by scaling down chemical pesticides for pollution control.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44076351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current study was conducted during 2020 by Department of Economics, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan to study evaluate the marketing channel of vegetables in Punjab pertaining to farm’s profitability and the factors determining this profit based on primary data collected from 100 farmers each for 4 selected vegetables . Data were collected through structured questionnaire from 36 villages out of 7 cities of Faisalabad division while from 28 villages out of 5 cities of Bahawalpur division through purposive sampling technique. Gross margin analysis and mean regression was done to estimate the determinants of profit both at division level and for the pooled data. The gross margin per acre was calculated at Rs.171,676 for cucumber, Rs. 171,649 for green chilies, Rs. 315,229 for tomatoes and Rs. 33,002 for onions. The regression results showed age, farming experience, credit and storage facilities, production cost and commission to the middle man as significantly contributing factors in profit while the choice of production technique appeared to be particularly depending on the educational qualification of selected farmers. The peak age that yielded maximum profit was calculated at 49 and 42 years in Faisalabad and Bahawalpur division, respectively. Experience of farmers was significantly increased in profit. The commission to agent surpasses all other payments that farmers incurred during marketing process. The margin was around 39% and 33% of total cost for cucumber and chilies in Faisalabad while 34% and 43% percent for tomatoes and onion in Bahawalpur. So the enactment of farmers with middle man for the sale of crop was due to heavy reliance on them for loans; around 80 percent famers in Faisalabad while about 40 percent in Bahawalpur sought loans from middle man. The study suggested that healthy competition among farmers by providing them adequate storage facilities, sufficient credit, perfect market information and education could contribute positively in adopting advanced modes of production to minimize the production and marketing cost.
{"title":"MARKETING CHANNEL, PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE AND FARM PROFITABILITY IN VEGETABLES MARKETING: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM MICRO DATA IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN","authors":"B. Yasmin, H. Fatima","doi":"10.58475/2022.60.4.1664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58475/2022.60.4.1664","url":null,"abstract":"Current study was conducted during 2020 by Department of Economics, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan to study evaluate the marketing channel of vegetables in Punjab pertaining to farm’s profitability and the factors determining this profit based on primary data collected from 100 farmers each for 4 selected vegetables . Data were collected through structured questionnaire from 36 villages out of 7 cities of Faisalabad division while from 28 villages out of 5 cities of Bahawalpur division through purposive sampling technique. Gross margin analysis and mean regression was done to estimate the determinants of profit both at division level and for the pooled data. The gross margin per acre was calculated at Rs.171,676 for cucumber, Rs. 171,649 for green chilies, Rs. 315,229 for tomatoes and Rs. 33,002 for onions. The regression results showed age, farming experience, credit and storage facilities, production cost and commission to the middle man as significantly contributing factors in profit while the choice of production technique appeared to be particularly depending on the educational qualification of selected farmers. The peak age that yielded maximum profit was calculated at 49 and 42 years in Faisalabad and Bahawalpur division, respectively. Experience of farmers was significantly increased in profit. The commission to agent surpasses all other payments that farmers incurred during marketing process. The margin was around 39% and 33% of total cost for cucumber and chilies in Faisalabad while 34% and 43% percent for tomatoes and onion in Bahawalpur. So the enactment of farmers with middle man for the sale of crop was due to heavy reliance on them for loans; around 80 percent famers in Faisalabad while about 40 percent in Bahawalpur sought loans from middle man. The study suggested that healthy competition among farmers by providing them adequate storage facilities, sufficient credit, perfect market information and education could contribute positively in adopting advanced modes of production to minimize the production and marketing cost.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47810289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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