Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-58392021000200237
A. H. D. O. Carvalho, J. Pedrosa, F. D. Oliveira, M. D. C. Parajara, L. Rocha, W. L. Lima, A. G. Teixeira
Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius [Poepp.] H. Rob., Asteraceae) is an Andean plant being explored as a functional food, due to high concentrations of fructooligosaccharides (FOS), a natural sweetener capable of reducing blood lipids and glucose levels, supporting prevention of chronic diseases, such as diabetes. Yacon commercial production is still being established, thus cropping practices and their impact on profitability are yet poorly explained. Improved planting recommendations are demanded, as it affects crop yield. In this background, a field trial was conducted to determine row spacing and plant populations for yacon production in tropical highland areas. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, in a split-plot scheme, where blocks were three row spacings (0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 m) and subplots covered three spacings between plants (0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 m), with four replicates. At harvest time, evaluations on accumulation of dry mass in the plant and tuber root production data (number, weight, total productivity, and per class) were made. Profitability indicators were estimated (gross income, operational profit, and benefit-cost ratio). Data suggest productive and economic variations among tested planting configurations, as an example higher productivity (31.5 t ha-1) and positive benefit-cost ratio (2.51) when using 1.0 m between rows and 0.4 m between plants for the conditions tested. These results point out the prospect to select better crop management practices for yacon, cutting costs, and increasing yield. Another key find was yacon’s capacity to overcome intense drought and temperature stress, not previously documented for this crop. Therefore, yacon is a new crop with potential to boost farming income through crop diversification.
Yacon（Smallanthus sonchifolis[Pop.]H.Rob.，Astraceae）是一种安第斯植物，由于其富含低聚果糖（FOS），这是一种能够降低血脂和血糖水平的天然甜味剂，有助于预防糖尿病等慢性病，因此正被探索作为一种功能性食品。Yacon的商业生产仍在建立中，因此种植做法及其对盈利能力的影响尚未得到很好的解释。需要改进种植建议，因为这会影响作物产量。在这种背景下，进行了一项实地试验，以确定热带高地地区生产雅康的行距和植物种群。实验设计是一个随机的完全区块，采用分裂地块方案，其中区块为三个行间距（0.8、1.0和1.2米），子区块覆盖植物之间的三个间距（0.4、0.5和0.6米），有四个重复。在收获时，对植物中干物质的积累和块茎根产量数据（数量、重量、总生产力和每类）进行了评估。估计了盈利能力指标（总收入、营业利润和效益成本比）。数据表明，在测试的种植配置中，生产力和经济性存在差异，例如，在测试条件下，当行间使用1.0 m，株间使用0.4 m时，生产率更高（31.5 t ha-1），正效益成本比（2.51）。这些结果指出了为yacon选择更好的作物管理实践、降低成本和提高产量的前景。另一个关键发现是yacon克服强烈干旱和温度胁迫的能力，这在以前没有记录在案。因此，yacon是一种新作物，有潜力通过作物多样化提高农业收入。
{"title":"Developing row spacing and planting density recommendations for yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) in tropical highland conditions","authors":"A. H. D. O. Carvalho, J. Pedrosa, F. D. Oliveira, M. D. C. Parajara, L. Rocha, W. L. Lima, A. G. Teixeira","doi":"10.4067/S0718-58392021000200237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392021000200237","url":null,"abstract":"Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius [Poepp.] H. Rob., Asteraceae) is an Andean plant being explored as a functional food, due \u0000to high concentrations of fructooligosaccharides (FOS), a natural sweetener capable of reducing blood lipids and glucose \u0000levels, supporting prevention of chronic diseases, such as diabetes. Yacon commercial production is still being established, \u0000thus cropping practices and their impact on profitability are yet poorly explained. Improved planting recommendations \u0000are demanded, as it affects crop yield. In this background, a field trial was conducted to determine row spacing and plant \u0000populations for yacon production in tropical highland areas. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, \u0000in a split-plot scheme, where blocks were three row spacings (0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 m) and subplots covered three spacings \u0000between plants (0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 m), with four replicates. At harvest time, evaluations on accumulation of dry mass in the \u0000plant and tuber root production data (number, weight, total productivity, and per class) were made. Profitability indicators \u0000were estimated (gross income, operational profit, and benefit-cost ratio). Data suggest productive and economic variations \u0000among tested planting configurations, as an example higher productivity (31.5 t ha-1) and positive benefit-cost ratio (2.51) \u0000when using 1.0 m between rows and 0.4 m between plants for the conditions tested. These results point out the prospect \u0000to select better crop management practices for yacon, cutting costs, and increasing yield. Another key find was yacon’s \u0000capacity to overcome intense drought and temperature stress, not previously documented for this crop. Therefore, yacon \u0000is a new crop with potential to boost farming income through crop diversification.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"237-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47351793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.21608/ZJAR.2021.191347
محمد شلبى نويصر, ىســمر إبراهيم
استهدف هذا البحث التعرف على مصادر المعلومات المتعلقة بممارسات الحفاظ على البيئة الزراعية من التلوث، تحديد درجة ومستوى معرفة الزراع المبحوثين بمصادر تلوث البيئة الزراعية متضمنة (مصادر تلوث التربة – مصادر تلوث المياه – مصادر تلوث الهواء)، تحديد العلاقة بين درجة معرفة الزراع المبحوثين بمصادر تلوث البيئة الزراعية وبين المتغيرات المستقلة المدروسة، التعرف على الأسباب التى تؤدى إلى إتباع الزراع المبحوثين لبعض الممارسات غير السليمة فى التخلص من المخلفات الزراعية.وأجرى هذا البحث فى محافظة الشرقية على عينة عشوائية بلغ عددها(200 مزارع)،تم اختيارهم من أربعة قرى بأربعة مراکز بالمعاينة العشوائيةالبسيطة هى: قرية الجلايلة مرکز الإبراهيمية، وقرية الجعافرة مرکز فاقوس، وقرية العطارين مرکز ديرب نجم، وقرية أحمد جبران مرکز الزقازيق، بإستخدام طريقة الجداول المنشورة Published Tables، تم اختيارهم بالتساوى بواقع 50 مزارع من کل قرية من القرى المختارة.وجمعت بيانات البحث بالمقابلة الشخصية باستخدام استمارة استبيـان خلال شهرىشهرى يناير وفبراير 2021. وتم استخدام بعض الأساليب الاحصائية فى تحليل البيانات هى: التکرارات والنسب المئوية، والمتوسط الحسابى، کما تم استخدام معامل الارتباط البسيط "بيرسون" لإختبار معنوية العلاقة بين المتغيرات المدروسة.وکانت أهم النتائج هى: أن نسبة 33.5% من إجمالى الزراع المبحوثين مستوى معرفتهم بمصادر تلوث البيئة الزراعية ضعيف، بينما نسبة 31.0% مستوى معرفتهم متوسط، فى حين أن 35.5% فقط من إجمالى أفراد العينة مستوى معرفتهم مرتفع. ويتضح من ذلک أن ما يقرب من ثلثى أفراد العينة64.5% يقعون فى فئتى مستوى المعرفة الضعيف والمتوسط.وتبين وجود علاقة إرتباطية معنوية سالبة عند مستوى معنوية (0.05) بين درجة معرفة الزراع بمصادر تلوث البيئة الزراعية وبين کل من السن.کما تبين وجود علاقة إرتباطية معنوية موجبة عند مستوى معنوية (0.01) بين درجة معرفة الزراع بمصادر تلوث البيئة الزراعية وبين کل من: عدد سنوات التعليم، مساحة الحيازة الزراعية، درجة الانفتاح الجغرافى، السلوک القيادى، درجة المشارکة فى المنظمات الريفية، درجة المشارکة فى الأنشطة البيئية، درجة التعرض لمصادر المعلومات البيئية، الاتجاه نحو حماية البيئة من التلوث". کما تبين أن أهم الأسباب التى تؤدى إلى اتباع الزراع المبحوثين لبعض الممارسات غير السليمة فى التخلص من المخلفات الزراعية تمثلت فى: عدم وجود أماکن لتجميع وتخزين المخلفات الزراعية بنسبة 82.5% من إجمالى المبحوثين، عدم وجود جهات مسئولة مختصة لتجميع المخلفات والاستفادة منها بنسبة 72.5%، الرغبة فى إعداد وتجهيز الأرض للزراعة وعدم التأخر فى زراعة الموسم التالى بنسبة 70.5%، وعدم وجود طرق ووسائل بديلة للتخلص من المخلفات الزراعية بنسبة 67.0%، وأنهاأرخص الطرق للتخلص من المخلفات الزراعية بنسبة 57.5%،والتعود عليها بإعتبارها أسرع وأسهل وسيلة للتخلص من المخلفات الزراعية 48.5%، وعدم توافر الآلات الزراعية اللازمة لجميع المخلفات الزراعية مجانا بنسبة 46.5%،والقضاء على بعض الآفات والحشرات الزراعية الموجودة فى التربة بنسبة 44.5%، والتعود عليها بإعتبارها من الطرق المتوارثة عن الآباء والأجداد للتخلص من المخلفات المزرعية بنسبة 44.0%، وعدم الحاجة إليها واستخدامها فى الحقل أو المنزل بنسبة 42.5%.
{"title":"معرفة الزراع بمصادر تلوث البيئة الزراعية فى محافظة الشرقية","authors":"محمد شلبى نويصر, ىســمر إبراهيم","doi":"10.21608/ZJAR.2021.191347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ZJAR.2021.191347","url":null,"abstract":"استهدف هذا البحث التعرف على مصادر المعلومات المتعلقة بممارسات الحفاظ على البيئة الزراعية من التلوث، تحديد درجة ومستوى معرفة الزراع المبحوثين بمصادر تلوث البيئة الزراعية متضمنة (مصادر تلوث التربة – مصادر تلوث المياه – مصادر تلوث الهواء)، تحديد العلاقة بين درجة معرفة الزراع المبحوثين بمصادر تلوث البيئة الزراعية وبين المتغيرات المستقلة المدروسة، التعرف على الأسباب التى تؤدى إلى إتباع الزراع المبحوثين لبعض الممارسات غير السليمة فى التخلص من المخلفات الزراعية.وأجرى هذا البحث فى محافظة الشرقية على عينة عشوائية بلغ عددها(200 مزارع)،تم اختيارهم من أربعة قرى بأربعة مراکز بالمعاينة العشوائيةالبسيطة هى: قرية الجلايلة مرکز الإبراهيمية، وقرية الجعافرة مرکز فاقوس، وقرية العطارين مرکز ديرب نجم، وقرية أحمد جبران مرکز الزقازيق، بإستخدام طريقة الجداول المنشورة Published Tables، تم اختيارهم بالتساوى بواقع 50 مزارع من کل قرية من القرى المختارة.وجمعت بيانات البحث بالمقابلة الشخصية باستخدام استمارة استبيـان خلال شهرىشهرى يناير وفبراير 2021. وتم استخدام بعض الأساليب الاحصائية فى تحليل البيانات هى: التکرارات والنسب المئوية، والمتوسط الحسابى، کما تم استخدام معامل الارتباط البسيط \"بيرسون\" لإختبار معنوية العلاقة بين المتغيرات المدروسة.وکانت أهم النتائج هى: أن نسبة 33.5% من إجمالى الزراع المبحوثين مستوى معرفتهم بمصادر تلوث البيئة الزراعية ضعيف، بينما نسبة 31.0% مستوى معرفتهم متوسط، فى حين أن 35.5% فقط من إجمالى أفراد العينة مستوى معرفتهم مرتفع. ويتضح من ذلک أن ما يقرب من ثلثى أفراد العينة64.5% يقعون فى فئتى مستوى المعرفة الضعيف والمتوسط.وتبين وجود علاقة إرتباطية معنوية سالبة عند مستوى معنوية (0.05) بين درجة معرفة الزراع بمصادر تلوث البيئة الزراعية وبين کل من السن.کما تبين وجود علاقة إرتباطية معنوية موجبة عند مستوى معنوية (0.01) بين درجة معرفة الزراع بمصادر تلوث البيئة الزراعية وبين کل من: عدد سنوات التعليم، مساحة الحيازة الزراعية، درجة الانفتاح الجغرافى، السلوک القيادى، درجة المشارکة فى المنظمات الريفية، درجة المشارکة فى الأنشطة البيئية، درجة التعرض لمصادر المعلومات البيئية، الاتجاه نحو حماية البيئة من التلوث\". کما تبين أن أهم الأسباب التى تؤدى إلى اتباع الزراع المبحوثين لبعض الممارسات غير السليمة فى التخلص من المخلفات الزراعية تمثلت فى: عدم وجود أماکن لتجميع وتخزين المخلفات الزراعية بنسبة 82.5% من إجمالى المبحوثين، عدم وجود جهات مسئولة مختصة لتجميع المخلفات والاستفادة منها بنسبة 72.5%، الرغبة فى إعداد وتجهيز الأرض للزراعة وعدم التأخر فى زراعة الموسم التالى بنسبة 70.5%، وعدم وجود طرق ووسائل بديلة للتخلص من المخلفات الزراعية بنسبة 67.0%، وأنهاأرخص الطرق للتخلص من المخلفات الزراعية بنسبة 57.5%،والتعود عليها بإعتبارها أسرع وأسهل وسيلة للتخلص من المخلفات الزراعية 48.5%، وعدم توافر الآلات الزراعية اللازمة لجميع المخلفات الزراعية مجانا بنسبة 46.5%،والقضاء على بعض الآفات والحشرات الزراعية الموجودة فى التربة بنسبة 44.5%، والتعود عليها بإعتبارها من الطرق المتوارثة عن الآباء والأجداد للتخلص من المخلفات المزرعية بنسبة 44.0%، وعدم الحاجة إليها واستخدامها فى الحقل أو المنزل بنسبة 42.5%.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"879-893"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43340821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.21608/ZJAR.2021.191280
Hassan Kh. Hassan, M. Attia, M. S. Abdelmahbood
Egypt produces about half of the 20 million tons of consumed wheat and imports the other half. So that Egypt became the world’s largest importer of wheat. Therefore, intensive efforts are being for enhancing wheat production to meet any local consumption particularly out of the Nile Valley, i.e. Siwa Oasis, Egypt, where salinity is considered of the major problem. However, Siwan farmers are not acquainted with wheat crop from the beginning sustain policy of wheat flour as well as with agricultural practices. Therefore, two on farm trials were carried out in Agricultural Experimental Station of Desert Research Center at Khemisa, Siwa Oasis during 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 growing seasons, to study the effect of sowing methods (broadcast and row) and seeding rates (30, 45, 60 and 75 kg/fed.) on two wheat cultivars, Triticum aesivum L., (Misr 2 and Sakha 94). Results indicated that row sowing method produced 37.2% and 12.5% more grain yield over traditional broadcast method in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively. These increments may be due to a significant increase in number of spikes/m2, number of grains/spike and to some extent 1000-grain weight.Misr 2 wheat cultivar produced the highest biological, grain yields, harvest index and number of spikes/m2. On the other hand, Sakha 94 cultivar gave the highest value of number of grains/spike and 1000-grain weight in both seasons. The highest values of grain yield and harvest index were noticed with 45 and/or 60 kg/fed seeding rates in two seasons. Whereas, a gradual significant increase in number of spikes/m2 and biological yield was noticed with increasing seeding rates from 30 up to 75 kg/fed. However, 1000-grain weight tended to reduce with increasing seeding rates. So, it could be concluded that sowing Misr 2 wheat cultivar at 60 kg/fed., with row sowing method is suitable for wheat production under saline conditions at Siwa Oasis.
{"title":"RESPONSE OF SOME WHEAT CULTIVARS TO SOWING METHODS AND SEEDING RATES UNDER SIWA OASIS CONDITIONS","authors":"Hassan Kh. Hassan, M. Attia, M. S. Abdelmahbood","doi":"10.21608/ZJAR.2021.191280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ZJAR.2021.191280","url":null,"abstract":"Egypt produces about half of the 20 million tons of consumed wheat and imports the other half. So that Egypt became the world’s largest importer of wheat. Therefore, intensive efforts are being for enhancing wheat production to meet any local consumption particularly out of the Nile Valley, i.e. Siwa Oasis, Egypt, where salinity is considered of the major problem. However, Siwan farmers are not acquainted with wheat crop from the beginning sustain policy of wheat flour as well as with agricultural practices. Therefore, two on farm trials were carried out in Agricultural Experimental Station of Desert Research Center at Khemisa, Siwa Oasis during 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 growing seasons, to study the effect of sowing methods (broadcast and row) and seeding rates (30, 45, 60 and 75 kg/fed.) on two wheat cultivars, Triticum aesivum L., (Misr 2 and Sakha 94). Results indicated that row sowing method produced 37.2% and 12.5% more grain yield over traditional broadcast method in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively. These increments may be due to a significant increase in number of spikes/m2, number of grains/spike and to some extent 1000-grain weight.Misr 2 wheat cultivar produced the highest biological, grain yields, harvest index and number of spikes/m2. On the other hand, Sakha 94 cultivar gave the highest value of number of grains/spike and 1000-grain weight in both seasons. The highest values of grain yield and harvest index were noticed with 45 and/or 60 kg/fed seeding rates in two seasons. Whereas, a gradual significant increase in number of spikes/m2 and biological yield was noticed with increasing seeding rates from 30 up to 75 kg/fed. However, 1000-grain weight tended to reduce with increasing seeding rates. So, it could be concluded that sowing Misr 2 wheat cultivar at 60 kg/fed., with row sowing method is suitable for wheat production under saline conditions at Siwa Oasis.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"659-669"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43152080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.21608/ZJAR.2021.191349
عبدالعزيز الطيب حسن, أحمد أبو بکر
توصلت الدراسة من خلال اختبار فرضيتها إلى ان الصين تسير على الطريق الصحيح والذي يمکنها من احتلال موقع الصدارة کأکبر اقتصاد في العالم بعد الولايات المتحدة الامريکية من خلال دراسة وتحليل مؤشرات ومعدلات الصين الاقتصادية ما بين الفترة من (2000إلى 2017)، حيث جاءت المؤشرات الاقتصادية بصفة عامة مقبولة وفي طريقها لتحسن معدلاتها في تلک المؤشرات، إلا ان هناک نقاط سلبية في بعض مؤشرات الحرية الاقتصادية مثل (حقوق الملکية، التحرر من الفساد، حرية الاستثمار والأسواق المالية)، وبالتالي يجب على الحکومة الصينية أن تقوم بإجراء الإصلاحات لمعالجة الخلل والسلبيات حتى لا تتفاقم فيما بعد، نظرا لأن صعود الصين إلى مرتبة القوى العظمى سوف يقابل عادة بمقاومة من جانب القوى الکبرى، هذه المقاومة والتي سوف تأخذ صورا متعددة کالسعي إلى احتواء هذه القوى الصاعدة وعزلها أو جرها إلى مواقف لاستنزاف مصادر قوتها الأمر الذي يعطل مرحلة الصعودأو يعوقها دون الوصول إلي ذلک، أو تکوين تحالف مضاد للحيلولة دون وصولها إلى مرتبة القوى العظمى، وصولا إلى إمکانية الصدام المباشر معها قبل وصولها إلى هذه المرتبة.نجاح الصين يعتمد على قدرتها على إدارة عملية الصعود بطريقة تسمح لها بتعظيم عناصر قوتها الذاتية وتقليل الآثار السلبية لنقاط ضعفها. هناک إدراک صيني بأن الواقع القائم الآن يقوم على المنافسة،ومنطق المنافسة مع الأقوياء يتطلب أن تکون الصين قوية، وإلا فإن طرفا أخر سيکون أقوى وسيقوى عليها وسيهدد زعامتها في القارة الآسيوية و بالتالي فإن الصين القوية موضوعيا بحجمها وشعبها وخبراتها ومواردها الطبيعية الهائلة لا تستطيع أن تکون تابعة لأحد، وبعدما أصبحت قوية فقد باتت مدفوعة لأن تزداد قوة وإلا فإن التوقف سوف يعيدها إلي الصفوف الخلفية.
{"title":"دراسة تحليلية للمکانة الاقتصادية العالمية المعاصرة للصين","authors":"عبدالعزيز الطيب حسن, أحمد أبو بکر","doi":"10.21608/ZJAR.2021.191349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ZJAR.2021.191349","url":null,"abstract":"توصلت الدراسة من خلال اختبار فرضيتها إلى ان الصين تسير على الطريق الصحيح والذي يمکنها من احتلال موقع الصدارة کأکبر اقتصاد في العالم بعد الولايات المتحدة الامريکية من خلال دراسة وتحليل مؤشرات ومعدلات الصين الاقتصادية ما بين الفترة من (2000إلى 2017)، حيث جاءت المؤشرات الاقتصادية بصفة عامة مقبولة وفي طريقها لتحسن معدلاتها في تلک المؤشرات، إلا ان هناک نقاط سلبية في بعض مؤشرات الحرية الاقتصادية مثل (حقوق الملکية، التحرر من الفساد، حرية الاستثمار والأسواق المالية)، وبالتالي يجب على الحکومة الصينية أن تقوم بإجراء الإصلاحات لمعالجة الخلل والسلبيات حتى لا تتفاقم فيما بعد، نظرا لأن صعود الصين إلى مرتبة القوى العظمى سوف يقابل عادة بمقاومة من جانب القوى الکبرى، هذه المقاومة والتي سوف تأخذ صورا متعددة کالسعي إلى احتواء هذه القوى الصاعدة وعزلها أو جرها إلى مواقف لاستنزاف مصادر قوتها الأمر الذي يعطل مرحلة الصعودأو يعوقها دون الوصول إلي ذلک، أو تکوين تحالف مضاد للحيلولة دون وصولها إلى مرتبة القوى العظمى، وصولا إلى إمکانية الصدام المباشر معها قبل وصولها إلى هذه المرتبة.نجاح الصين يعتمد على قدرتها على إدارة عملية الصعود بطريقة تسمح لها بتعظيم عناصر قوتها الذاتية وتقليل الآثار السلبية لنقاط ضعفها. هناک إدراک صيني بأن الواقع القائم الآن يقوم على المنافسة،ومنطق المنافسة مع الأقوياء يتطلب أن تکون الصين قوية، وإلا فإن طرفا أخر سيکون أقوى وسيقوى عليها وسيهدد زعامتها في القارة الآسيوية و بالتالي فإن الصين القوية موضوعيا بحجمها وشعبها وخبراتها ومواردها الطبيعية الهائلة لا تستطيع أن تکون تابعة لأحد، وبعدما أصبحت قوية فقد باتت مدفوعة لأن تزداد قوة وإلا فإن التوقف سوف يعيدها إلي الصفوف الخلفية.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"895-907"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43444402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.21608/ZJAR.2021.175276
Salma Salem, H. I. A. El-Fattah, Howaida M. Abdelbasit, S. Mahgoub
This study examines the isolation and characterization of phenol-degrading-bacteria, Five isolates named C2, P4, M4, O3, and S3, from the effluent of ceramic factories (C2), petrochemical (P4), the pulp paper mill (M4), crude oil (O3) and sewage water (S3) have been investigated. These isolates were characterized depending on their morphological, and biochemical characteristics, only one isolate was characterized as a Gram-positive, strictly aerobic, nonmotile, and cocci-shaped bacterium might be Micrococcus sp. (M4), two isolates (Pseudomonas sp.: (P4&S3) were recogniced as a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, motile and short rod-shaped bacterium and two isolates(Bacillus sp.: (C2& O3) were idenihied as a Gram-positive, strictly aerobic, motile and long rod- shape bacterium. The five bacterial isolates were able to utilize phenol as a sole carbon source. These isolates were checked for growth on a minimal salt medium amended with different concentrations of phenol. The five tolerant bacterial isolates were able to grow at the higher concentrations of phenol and they were investigated for their ability to grow and degrade phenol. Among the five higher phenol degrading isolates, two isolates can tolerate up to 1500 ppm .of phenol concentrations, grow and degrade 90% of phenol within 72 hrs. The optimum temperature and pH were 35 0C and 7, respectively. The yeast extract and ammonium chloride is the best nitrogen source for the growth and degradation of phenol, respectively. The isolate P4 was efficient in removing about 90% of the initial 1000 ppm phenol within 48 hrs., and had a tolerance of phenol concentration as high as 1500 ppm. These results indicated that presumptive Pseudomonas spp. possesses a promising potential in treating phenolic wastewater
{"title":"ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PHENOL DEGRADING BACTERIA FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER AND SEWAGE WATER","authors":"Salma Salem, H. I. A. El-Fattah, Howaida M. Abdelbasit, S. Mahgoub","doi":"10.21608/ZJAR.2021.175276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ZJAR.2021.175276","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the isolation and characterization of phenol-degrading-bacteria, Five isolates named C2, P4, M4, O3, and S3, from the effluent of ceramic factories (C2), petrochemical (P4), the pulp paper mill (M4), crude oil (O3) and sewage water (S3) have been investigated. These isolates were characterized depending on their morphological, and biochemical characteristics, only one isolate was characterized as a Gram-positive, strictly aerobic, nonmotile, and cocci-shaped bacterium might be Micrococcus sp. (M4), two isolates (Pseudomonas sp.: (P4&S3) were recogniced as a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, motile and short rod-shaped bacterium and two isolates(Bacillus sp.: (C2& O3) were idenihied as a Gram-positive, strictly aerobic, motile and long rod- shape bacterium. The five bacterial isolates were able to utilize phenol as a sole carbon source. These isolates were checked for growth on a minimal salt medium amended with different concentrations of phenol. The five tolerant bacterial isolates were able to grow at the higher concentrations of phenol and they were investigated for their ability to grow and degrade phenol. Among the five higher phenol degrading isolates, two isolates can tolerate up to 1500 ppm .of phenol concentrations, grow and degrade 90% of phenol within 72 hrs. The optimum temperature and pH were 35 0C and 7, respectively. The yeast extract and ammonium chloride is the best nitrogen source for the growth and degradation of phenol, respectively. The isolate P4 was efficient in removing about 90% of the initial 1000 ppm phenol within 48 hrs., and had a tolerance of phenol concentration as high as 1500 ppm. These results indicated that presumptive Pseudomonas spp. possesses a promising potential in treating phenolic wastewater","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68566427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.21608/ZJAR.2021.175290
أحمد حسن أحمد, محمد أمين مصليحي, أسامة عويضة, عبد الفتاح
{"title":"مؤشــــــــــــرات الکفـــاءة الإنتاجيــــةوالاقتصــاديــــة لمحصـــــول الأرز بمحـافـظـــة الشـــرقيــــة","authors":"أحمد حسن أحمد, محمد أمين مصليحي, أسامة عويضة, عبد الفتاح","doi":"10.21608/ZJAR.2021.175290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ZJAR.2021.175290","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"517-525"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46532904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.21608/ZJAR.2021.175286
Mai Kurdi, M. Sitohy, H. Hefnawy, A. Gomaa
Increased energy consumption and the depletion of petroleum reserves have pushed up oil prices globally. Diminishing the petroleum reserve is another global risk factor. Producing Biodiesel vegetable oils and animal fat by transesterification can be a considerable energy alternative. In this study, biodiesel is produced from waste cooking oil by transesterification method with methanol in the presence of HCl as a catalyst. Biodiesel production begins with mixing raw the collected used cooking oil into one pool. The mixture is then settled for 8 hours at room temperature before initiating the transesterification process 90 o C by mixing HCl (1% of oil weight) with methanol, while the methanol: oil ratio is 1:4. The process lasts for 9 h under a condenser. Biodiesel purification is carried out by washing the product twice with hot water (temperature 70°C) to remove excess reactants and byproducts such as alcohol, catalysts, soap and glycerine, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The resulting diesel density of 3.72 kg/m (at 15oC), a kinematic viscosity of 8.93 mm/sec., at 40oC, calorific value was 41299 kj/kg, Total acid number of 0.111 was for waste cooking oil, Cetane number of 48.95, acid value (AV) was 1.135 mg/koh was and Ester value (EV) was 178.42 mg/koh. The Saponification value (SV) was 179.56 mg/koh, pH was 5.7, and Glycerol Weight was 97.53 (Gw).
{"title":"CHARACTERIZATION OF BIODIESEL PREPARED FROM WASTE COOKING OIL","authors":"Mai Kurdi, M. Sitohy, H. Hefnawy, A. Gomaa","doi":"10.21608/ZJAR.2021.175286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ZJAR.2021.175286","url":null,"abstract":"Increased energy consumption and the depletion of petroleum reserves have pushed up oil prices globally. Diminishing the petroleum reserve is another global risk factor. Producing Biodiesel vegetable oils and animal fat by transesterification can be a considerable energy alternative. In this study, biodiesel is produced from waste cooking oil by transesterification method with methanol in the presence of HCl as a catalyst. Biodiesel production begins with mixing raw the collected used cooking oil into one pool. The mixture is then settled for 8 hours at room temperature before initiating the transesterification process 90 o C by mixing HCl (1% of oil weight) with methanol, while the methanol: oil ratio is 1:4. The process lasts for 9 h under a condenser. Biodiesel purification is carried out by washing the product twice with hot water (temperature 70°C) to remove excess reactants and byproducts such as alcohol, catalysts, soap and glycerine, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The resulting diesel density of 3.72 kg/m (at 15oC), a kinematic viscosity of 8.93 mm/sec., at 40oC, calorific value was 41299 kj/kg, Total acid number of 0.111 was for waste cooking oil, Cetane number of 48.95, acid value (AV) was 1.135 mg/koh was and Ester value (EV) was 178.42 mg/koh. The Saponification value (SV) was 179.56 mg/koh, pH was 5.7, and Glycerol Weight was 97.53 (Gw).","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"481-487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47064977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.21608/ZJAR.2021.175264
A. El-Sayed, M. El-Wahab, H. El-Shal, W. A. Allah
Moisture content (MC) of seeds is considered one of the most influencing parameters affecting the machinery properties of harvesting and post-harvesting/handling operations. Therefore, this study is conducted to measure and realize the MC effect of some fine seeds are; cumin, sesame, anise and clover seeds on physical and engineering properties that represent an important parameter in research and development of agro-machinery (RDAM) doing harvesting, cleaning, grading and storing operations. Within MC average levels of 12-16% (w.b) for (cumin, sesame and anise) and 10-14% (w.b) for clover seeds, the obtained results revealed that physical properties in terms of length, width, thickness, mass of thousand seeds, volume of seed, arithmetic diameter, geometric diameter, flat surface area and transverse area increased by increasing of mentioned MC levels for the all studied seeds, in contrast, the bulk density decreased. Also, percent of sphericity decreased for sesame seeds but increased for clover seeds by increasing of mentioned MC levels. While, for Cumin and Anise seeds it was increased with increasing of moisture content of seeds from 12-14% (w.b.) and decreased with increasing of moisture content of seeds to 16% (w.b.). On the other hand, engineering properties in terms of angle of repose, terminal velocity and coefficient of friction for (seeds, wood surface, galvanized sheet, plastic surface) increased by increasing of mentioned MC levels for the studied seeds. Terminal velocity values at (12, 14 and 16%) MC levels, were (5.45, 5.78 and 5.9 m/s) for sesame, (3.53, 3.93 and 4.15m/s) for cumin, (3.6, 3.75 and 3.93) for anise, respectively, and (8.4, 8.75 and 8.95 m/s) for clover at (10, 12 and 14%), respectively.
{"title":"EFFECT OF MOISTURE CONTENT ON PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF SOME SEEDS","authors":"A. El-Sayed, M. El-Wahab, H. El-Shal, W. A. Allah","doi":"10.21608/ZJAR.2021.175264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ZJAR.2021.175264","url":null,"abstract":"Moisture content (MC) of seeds is considered one of the most influencing parameters affecting the machinery properties of harvesting and post-harvesting/handling operations. Therefore, this study is conducted to measure and realize the MC effect of some fine seeds are; cumin, sesame, anise and clover seeds on physical and engineering properties that represent an important parameter in research and development of agro-machinery (RDAM) doing harvesting, cleaning, grading and storing operations. Within MC average levels of 12-16% (w.b) for (cumin, sesame and anise) and 10-14% (w.b) for clover seeds, the obtained results revealed that physical properties in terms of length, width, thickness, mass of thousand seeds, volume of seed, arithmetic diameter, geometric diameter, flat surface area and transverse area increased by increasing of mentioned MC levels for the all studied seeds, in contrast, the bulk density decreased. Also, percent of sphericity decreased for sesame seeds but increased for clover seeds by increasing of mentioned MC levels. While, for Cumin and Anise seeds it was increased with increasing of moisture content of seeds from 12-14% (w.b.) and decreased with increasing of moisture content of seeds to 16% (w.b.). On the other hand, engineering properties in terms of angle of repose, terminal velocity and coefficient of friction for (seeds, wood surface, galvanized sheet, plastic surface) increased by increasing of mentioned MC levels for the studied seeds. Terminal velocity values at (12, 14 and 16%) MC levels, were (5.45, 5.78 and 5.9 m/s) for sesame, (3.53, 3.93 and 4.15m/s) for cumin, (3.6, 3.75 and 3.93) for anise, respectively, and (8.4, 8.75 and 8.95 m/s) for clover at (10, 12 and 14%), respectively.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"387-399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48261497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.21608/ZJAR.2021.175231
M. Osman, I. Mohamed, S. Dahdouh, A. Alshami, I. A. E. Garhi
Fifty one soil samples werecallected from some wadis soil i.e.,(El Sheikh Soliman,Sidri,El-Arishia and Bodra) of AduRudeis district, which is lies between some mountain chains. These soil samples were collected to determined their physical and chemical properties and to assess their total and available contents of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in a fairly intanse sampling scheme.The results indicate that the texture class varies from sandy to sandy clay loam, The content of CaCO3, organic matter, soil salinity and pH value varies from 12.4 to 579 gkg-1, 6.7 to 30.2 g Kg-1,0.23 to 8.62 dSm-1 and7.6 to 9.3, respectively. The total Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu ranged from 1020 to 9000,370 to 900, 190 to 500 and 90 to 280 mgkg-1, respectively. Most wadis soils of Abu Rudeis district have their DTPA available Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu higher than the critical leveli.e.,4,1,1 and 0.2 mg kg-1, respectively. The respective correlated coefficients, indicate that available Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu showed significant positively correlated with clay (%), (silt + clay)%, CaCO3 content, pH and ECvalues and O.M content, except availableconent of (Fe and Zn), (Mn), (Zn), (Mn) and (Fe and Zn) that showed significant negatively correlationwith clay (%), CaCO3, pH and O.M values,respectively
{"title":"STATUS OF CERTAIN MICRONUTRIENTS IN SOME WADIS SOILS OF ABU RUDEIS DISTRICT IN SOUTH SINAI, EGYPT","authors":"M. Osman, I. Mohamed, S. Dahdouh, A. Alshami, I. A. E. Garhi","doi":"10.21608/ZJAR.2021.175231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ZJAR.2021.175231","url":null,"abstract":"Fifty one soil samples werecallected from some wadis soil i.e.,(El Sheikh Soliman,Sidri,El-Arishia and Bodra) of AduRudeis district, which is lies between some mountain chains. These soil samples were collected to determined their physical and chemical properties and to assess their total and available contents of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in a fairly intanse sampling scheme.The results indicate that the texture class varies from sandy to sandy clay loam, The content of CaCO3, organic matter, soil salinity and pH value varies from 12.4 to 579 gkg-1, 6.7 to 30.2 g Kg-1,0.23 to 8.62 dSm-1 and7.6 to 9.3, respectively. The total Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu ranged from 1020 to 9000,370 to 900, 190 to 500 and 90 to 280 mgkg-1, respectively. Most wadis soils of Abu Rudeis district have their DTPA available Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu higher than the critical leveli.e.,4,1,1 and 0.2 mg kg-1, respectively. The respective correlated coefficients, indicate that available Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu showed significant positively correlated with clay (%), (silt + clay)%, CaCO3 content, pH and ECvalues and O.M content, except availableconent of (Fe and Zn), (Mn), (Zn), (Mn) and (Fe and Zn) that showed significant negatively correlationwith clay (%), CaCO3, pH and O.M values,respectively","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"357-370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49646536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.21608/ZJAR.2021.175279
Doha M. Fathy, A. Eldomiaty, H. I. A. El-Fattah, E. Mahgoub, A. Hassanin
A group of twenty faba bean rhizobial isolates was collected from two Egyptian Governorates (Dakahlia and Damitta). The isolates were further morphologically and physiologically characterized to check their growth and symbiotic performance on faba bean plants. According to remarkable lab and pots tests, five rhizobial isolates (Rh 32, Rh 6-A, Rh 3-4, Rh RL3, and Rh 8-A) were selected and subjected to further biochemical and molecular characterizations. Genetic profiling of the five promising rhizobial isolates was conducted using six ISSR-primers. Amplification of bacterial genomic DNA produced a total of 37 genomic loci, 54% of them were polymorphic and 46% were monomorphic. The rate of polymorphism ranged between 25% to 80% with an average of 54%. Clustering pattern analysis of morphological and physiological data grouped the twenty rhizobial isolates in five clusters and the five selected rhizobial isolates were falling close to each other. Clustering analysis of ISSR data grouped the the five rhizobial isolates in four clusters. Analysis based on ISSR data revealed that the lowest genetic distance was 2.00 between Rh 6-A and Rh 3-4 isolates, while the highest genetic distance of 3.61 was between Rh 32 and each of Rh 6-A, Rh 3-4, and Rh RL3 isolates. The greatest similarity measurement was 0.931 between Rh 6-A and Rh 3-4 isolates; while the lowest similarity was 0.745 between Rh 32 and Rh 3-4 isolates. It can concluded that clustering pattern analysis based on molecular data could be used in facilitating the selection of rhizobial isolates that will be promising as a source of genes for biological nitrogen fixation and plant growth-promotion.
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