S. Riaz, M. Nasir, Naseem Sharif, Maaz Aziz, Matee Ullah, A. Aziz
The current experiment was carried out at Horticultural Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan during the year 2017-18 to evaluate impact of various pruning intensities on quality and yield of guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.). Various pruning intensities viz. control (no pruning), 25% pruning, 50% pruning and 75% pruning were carried out after harvesting of winter crop (in the month of April). Results showed that maximum flower count/shoot (18 number), fruit number/plant (2237), yield/plant (172.6 kg/tree), average fruit weight (102 g) and SSC (8.11%) were found with 25% pruning intensity; whereas, minimum fruit number/plant (720) and yield (70.11 kg/plant) was found in trees treated with 75% pruning intensity. Maximum fruit length (57.49 mm) and fruit width (64.75 mm) was observed in 25% pruned trees. It can be concluded that among various pruning intensities 25% pruning level is best to increase quality and yield guava fruit.
{"title":"DIFFERENT PRUNING INTENSITIES INFLUENCES YIELD AND QUALITY OF GUAVA CV. GOLA","authors":"S. Riaz, M. Nasir, Naseem Sharif, Maaz Aziz, Matee Ullah, A. Aziz","doi":"10.58475/2023.61.1.1648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58475/2023.61.1.1648","url":null,"abstract":"The current experiment was carried out at Horticultural Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan during the year 2017-18 to evaluate impact of various pruning intensities on quality and yield of guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.). Various pruning intensities viz. control (no pruning), 25% pruning, 50% pruning and 75% pruning were carried out after harvesting of winter crop (in the month of April). Results showed that maximum flower count/shoot (18 number), fruit number/plant (2237), yield/plant (172.6 kg/tree), average fruit weight (102 g) and SSC (8.11%) were found with 25% pruning intensity; whereas, minimum fruit number/plant (720) and yield (70.11 kg/plant) was found in trees treated with 75% pruning intensity. Maximum fruit length (57.49 mm) and fruit width (64.75 mm) was observed in 25% pruned trees. It can be concluded that among various pruning intensities 25% pruning level is best to increase quality and yield guava fruit.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44919848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Nadeem, M. A. Haq, Irfan Iftikhar, M. Awais, Tasawar Ali, R. Ejaz, W. Umar, R. Ullah
The study was conducted at Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan to monitor the impact assessment of tillage systems on soil health indicators by integrating organic and inorganic resources to sustain wheat production in arid and semi-arid conditions i.e. high temperature and low rainfall. The field experiment was conducted in 2019-20 and carried out in alkaline soil (pH 8.2) with low organic matter (0.45%) to grow wheat after rice and treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design. Farmyard manure (FYM 20.5 Mg/ha), rice crop residues application (CRA 100%) and chemical fertilizers (CF) N-P-K 100-80-60 kg/ha, respectively were used under conventional and conservation tillage systems. During this research different growth and yield parameters were noted and evaluated the level of N, P, K and organic matter contents from soil and plant at the harvest. The results indicated that the combined application of FYM and CRA with CF improved the chlorophyll contents (20% in conventional tillage and 39% in conservation tillage) which helped in nutrient translocation (N, P, K) and increased growth, biological and grain yield by improving soil organic carbon (SOC) and organic matter contents in soil. Growth parameter i.e. germination percentage upto 64%, plant height 27% and spike length upto 35% were increased by T7 . The conservation tillage method was the best where we used T7 i.e. CF + 25% FYM + 50% CRA, and CF + 50% FYM + 25% CRA by conserving moisture and built OM (0.90%), soil organic carbon (0.49%) and mineral nutrition in soil as well as in wheat leaves. It is concluded that the integrated use of organic and inorganic resources are helpful for sustainable wheat production by enhancing fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) to improve soil health especially in arid to semi-arid climate conditions in alkaline soil.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF INTEGRATED FERTILIZATION APPROACHES ON SOIL HEALTH AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) UNDER DIFFERENT TILLAGE SYSTEMS","authors":"M. Nadeem, M. A. Haq, Irfan Iftikhar, M. Awais, Tasawar Ali, R. Ejaz, W. Umar, R. Ullah","doi":"10.58475/2023.61.1.1820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58475/2023.61.1.1820","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted at Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan to monitor the impact assessment of tillage systems on soil health indicators by integrating organic and inorganic resources to sustain wheat production in arid and semi-arid conditions i.e. high temperature and low rainfall. The field experiment was conducted in 2019-20 and carried out in alkaline soil (pH 8.2) with low organic matter (0.45%) to grow wheat after rice and treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design. Farmyard manure (FYM 20.5 Mg/ha), rice crop residues application (CRA 100%) and chemical fertilizers (CF) N-P-K 100-80-60 kg/ha, respectively were used under conventional and conservation tillage systems. During this research different growth and yield parameters were noted and evaluated the level of N, P, K and organic matter contents from soil and plant at the harvest. The results indicated that the combined application of FYM and CRA with CF improved the chlorophyll contents (20% in conventional tillage and 39% in conservation tillage) which helped in nutrient translocation (N, P, K) and increased growth, biological and grain yield by improving soil organic carbon (SOC) and organic matter contents in soil. Growth parameter i.e. germination percentage upto 64%, plant height 27% and spike length upto 35% were increased by T7 . The conservation tillage method was the best where we used T7 i.e. CF + 25% FYM + 50% CRA, and CF + 50% FYM + 25% CRA by conserving moisture and built OM (0.90%), soil organic carbon (0.49%) and mineral nutrition in soil as well as in wheat leaves. It is concluded that the integrated use of organic and inorganic resources are helpful for sustainable wheat production by enhancing fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) to improve soil health especially in arid to semi-arid climate conditions in alkaline soil.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46477658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Ramzan, Muhammad Anayat Ullah, Mudassar Khaliq, Muneer Abbas, Zubeda Parveen, Muhammad Irshad
Chickpea is an important nodules producing pulse crop of Thal. To enhance nitrogen fixation for higher yield, the effect of bacterial strains on nodulation was evaluated for yield contributing traits of chickpea at Arid Zone Research Institute, Bhakkar, Pakistan during 2019-20. Six Rhizobium inoculations i.e. Providencia vermicola, Enterobacter cloacae, Bacillus mojavensis, Mesorhizobium ciceri-11, Mesorhizobium ciceri-1 and Bacillus subtilis were tested on two chickpea genotypes i.e. Bhakkar-2011 and Thal-2020. A consortium of six bacterial strains was applied at the time of sowing as a seed coating on a sandy soil. Results showed a significant increase in height/plant, nodulation, 100 grain weight, pods/plant and grain yield (kg/ha) due to bacterial inoculation. Nodules/plant were also increased from 44.08 to 76.16. Maximum number of nodules plant-1 were counted as 76.16 with 2.59 g fresh and 0.64 g dry weight per plant in treatment combination viz. Thal-2020 × RP08+RS14+RZ11 thus showing the specific symbiotic relationship among the genotypes and Rhizobium inoculum. In comparison to the control, the PSB, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and rhizobium inoculum results were 52 % increase in pods/ plant. The maximum number of pods/plant (116.00) and100 grain weight (27.73 g) were recorded in V1 × T1 (RP08+RS14+ RZ11). The weight of 100 grains was increased by 40% over the control. T1 had the highest 100 grain weight of 27.73 g, followed by V1 x T3 with a 100 grain weight of 26.22 g. PSB, nitrogen fixation bacteria and PSB inoculation substantially improved pulse crop 100 grain weight and yield. Thal-2020 had the highest grain yield of 3732 kg/ha, while V2 (Bhakkar-2011) had the lowest at 3516 kg/ha. Inoculation with rhizobium consortium improved grain yield by 30% (2617 to 3732 kg/ha). Hence, it was concluded that among all the treatments of Rhizobium consortium, N-fixing bacteria and PSB influenced a beneficial effect on chickpea grain yield quality and quantity.
{"title":"EFFICIENCY OF NITROGEN FIXING, NODULATION FORMATION, PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA AND PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA ON YIELD OF CHICKPEA","authors":"Muhammad Ramzan, Muhammad Anayat Ullah, Mudassar Khaliq, Muneer Abbas, Zubeda Parveen, Muhammad Irshad","doi":"10.58475/2023.61.1.1826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58475/2023.61.1.1826","url":null,"abstract":"Chickpea is an important nodules producing pulse crop of Thal. To enhance nitrogen fixation for higher yield, the effect of bacterial strains on nodulation was evaluated for yield contributing traits of chickpea at Arid Zone Research Institute, Bhakkar, Pakistan during 2019-20. Six Rhizobium inoculations i.e. Providencia vermicola, Enterobacter cloacae, Bacillus mojavensis, Mesorhizobium ciceri-11, Mesorhizobium ciceri-1 and Bacillus subtilis were tested on two chickpea genotypes i.e. Bhakkar-2011 and Thal-2020. A consortium of six bacterial strains was applied at the time of sowing as a seed coating on a sandy soil. Results showed a significant increase in height/plant, nodulation, 100 grain weight, pods/plant and grain yield (kg/ha) due to bacterial inoculation. Nodules/plant were also increased from 44.08 to 76.16. Maximum number of nodules plant-1 were counted as 76.16 with 2.59 g fresh and 0.64 g dry weight per plant in treatment combination viz. Thal-2020 × RP08+RS14+RZ11 thus showing the specific symbiotic relationship among the genotypes and Rhizobium inoculum. In comparison to the control, the PSB, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and rhizobium inoculum results were 52 % increase in pods/ plant. The maximum number of pods/plant (116.00) and100 grain weight (27.73 g) were recorded in V1 × T1 (RP08+RS14+ RZ11). The weight of 100 grains was increased by 40% over the control. T1 had the highest 100 grain weight of 27.73 g, followed by V1 x T3 with a 100 grain weight of 26.22 g. PSB, nitrogen fixation bacteria and PSB inoculation substantially improved pulse crop 100 grain weight and yield. Thal-2020 had the highest grain yield of 3732 kg/ha, while V2 (Bhakkar-2011) had the lowest at 3516 kg/ha. Inoculation with rhizobium consortium improved grain yield by 30% (2617 to 3732 kg/ha). Hence, it was concluded that among all the treatments of Rhizobium consortium, N-fixing bacteria and PSB influenced a beneficial effect on chickpea grain yield quality and quantity.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135000589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kanwal, Z. Ali, M. Zulkiffal, Muhammad Abdullah, Qamar Shakil, Sadia Kaukab, Javed Iqbal, S. Habib, S. Shahzad, Ali Bakhash
Thermo-stress effects growth, developments and productivity of crops and plant cope with stress by adopting different mechanism including physiological, bio-chemical and genetic. Calmodulin is calcium binding protein in plant with multifunction to modulate thermo-stress by calcium based signaling process. Many diverse types of calcium sensors release owing to varying concentration of calcium (stimulus). In plants, CaM (calmodulin) is the most important calcium sensor. Achievements in designing of complete genomes of different crops have prompted to explicate and classify various CaM binding proteins. Genetic studies on CaM revealed that it contains multiple proteins, unique kinases and transcriptional factors which help the plants in adaptation against heat stress conditions. Crop improvement could be only possible by having satisfactory acquaintance on stress tolerance mechanism and a brief knowledge on CaM and its related proteins would be obliging in order to acquire its proper functions in plant growth and developmental pathways under extreme conditons. However, current review was conducted to check the role of CaM in heat stress modulation in plants and current research evaluation in this prespectives.
{"title":"MULTIFUNCTIONAL PLANT’S CALMODULIN IN HEAT SHOCK SIGNAL TRANSDUCTIONAL PATHWAYS","authors":"A. Kanwal, Z. Ali, M. Zulkiffal, Muhammad Abdullah, Qamar Shakil, Sadia Kaukab, Javed Iqbal, S. Habib, S. Shahzad, Ali Bakhash","doi":"10.58475/2023.61.1.1902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58475/2023.61.1.1902","url":null,"abstract":"Thermo-stress effects growth, developments and productivity of crops and plant cope with stress by adopting different mechanism including physiological, bio-chemical and genetic. Calmodulin is calcium binding protein in plant with multifunction to modulate thermo-stress by calcium based signaling process. Many diverse types of calcium sensors release owing to varying concentration of calcium (stimulus). In plants, CaM (calmodulin) is the most important calcium sensor. Achievements in designing of complete genomes of different crops have prompted to explicate and classify various CaM binding proteins. Genetic studies on CaM revealed that it contains multiple proteins, unique kinases and transcriptional factors which help the plants in adaptation against heat stress conditions. Crop improvement could be only possible by having satisfactory acquaintance on stress tolerance mechanism and a brief knowledge on CaM and its related proteins would be obliging in order to acquire its proper functions in plant growth and developmental pathways under extreme conditons. However, current review was conducted to check the role of CaM in heat stress modulation in plants and current research evaluation in this prespectives.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47645409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khalid Mahmood, Shahid Nazir, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi, Sajid ur Rahman, Muhammad Asif Ali
The present experiment was conducted during 2019-2021 at Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan. The yield of local BT cotton variety FH-142 was evaluated using different combinations of rhizobacteria (free living diazotroph and phosphate solubilizer) with auxin precursor L-tryptophan (L-TRP). The experiment was comprised of seven treatments under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated thrice. The experiment was repeated for consecutive three years to find the effect of microbial inoculants with auxin precursor L-TRP and mean of three years was reported in the manuscript. The microbial inoculants were applied as seed coating. The bacterial inoculation showed promising results as compared to control. However, the consortium of PGPR and P-solubilizer with precursor had the significant effects on cotton yield during all three years of experiment. The consortium increased the yield parameters of cotton i.e., 1810 kg/ha in comparison with un-inoculated control i.e., 1672 kg/ha. Individual applications of PGPR and P-solubilizer also had significant effect on the yield compared to control. Hence, it was concluded that the interaction of bacterial consortium and precursor (precursor inoculum interaction) proved to be the best to improve the cotton yield.
{"title":"PRECURSOR-INOCULUM INTERACTION FOR THE GROWTH PROMOTION OF COTTON UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS","authors":"Khalid Mahmood, Shahid Nazir, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi, Sajid ur Rahman, Muhammad Asif Ali","doi":"10.58475/2023.61.1.1917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58475/2023.61.1.1917","url":null,"abstract":"The present experiment was conducted during 2019-2021 at Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan. The yield of local BT cotton variety FH-142 was evaluated using different combinations of rhizobacteria (free living diazotroph and phosphate solubilizer) with auxin precursor L-tryptophan (L-TRP). The experiment was comprised of seven treatments under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated thrice. The experiment was repeated for consecutive three years to find the effect of microbial inoculants with auxin precursor L-TRP and mean of three years was reported in the manuscript. The microbial inoculants were applied as seed coating. The bacterial inoculation showed promising results as compared to control. However, the consortium of PGPR and P-solubilizer with precursor had the significant effects on cotton yield during all three years of experiment. The consortium increased the yield parameters of cotton i.e., 1810 kg/ha in comparison with un-inoculated control i.e., 1672 kg/ha. Individual applications of PGPR and P-solubilizer also had significant effect on the yield compared to control. Hence, it was concluded that the interaction of bacterial consortium and precursor (precursor inoculum interaction) proved to be the best to improve the cotton yield.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135000590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was conducted in Faisalabad at Social Sciences Research Institute, Pakistan Agricultural Reseaerch Council, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan during 2019. Countries wise time series data of exported fruits and vegetables were taken from AMIS for finding instability of commodities and countries. Current study focused on the compound annual growth rates of production, export quantity and value of mostly exported fruits and vegetables. Growth trends of selected commodities were executed by using semitrend growth model. Coefficient of variation technique was used to find out instability of specific commodity for specific country/market. Selected exported vegetables (potato, tomato, onion and garlic) indicated instability results for Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Qatar and Indonesia among given markets and within the given period. Among fruits kinnow export shared 24.96, mango export results showed 22.08 percent share in total fruits export followed by 13.55 percent share of orange and 8.6 percent export share of dates dried in total export from Pakistan. Results observed for instability of exports to countries, minimum value of coefficient of variation (24.34 percent) was recorded for Bahrein market for kinnow export and Bahrein market was stable among given markets. Similarly, mango results showed that export of mango to Germany market was stable among given markets and within the given period. Export of orange to Saudi Arabia market and export of dates to Bangladesh market was stable among given markets within the given period of time. Finally, in order to lessen the instability, it can be proposed that Pakistan ought to take steps to boost the exports of primary commodity and value added products to raise revenue profitable.
{"title":"GROWTH AND INSTABILITY OF EXPORT OF SELECTED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN PAKISTAN","authors":"S. Naheed, R. Tahira, A. Bashir","doi":"10.58475/2023.61.1.1623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58475/2023.61.1.1623","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted in Faisalabad at Social Sciences Research Institute, Pakistan Agricultural Reseaerch Council, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan during 2019. Countries wise time series data of exported fruits and vegetables were taken from AMIS for finding instability of commodities and countries. Current study focused on the compound annual growth rates of production, export quantity and value of mostly exported fruits and vegetables. Growth trends of selected commodities were executed by using semitrend growth model. Coefficient of variation technique was used to find out instability of specific commodity for specific country/market. Selected exported vegetables (potato, tomato, onion and garlic) indicated instability results for Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Qatar and Indonesia among given markets and within the given period. Among fruits kinnow export shared 24.96, mango export results showed 22.08 percent share in total fruits export followed by 13.55 percent share of orange and 8.6 percent export share of dates dried in total export from Pakistan. Results observed for instability of exports to countries, minimum value of coefficient of variation (24.34 percent) was recorded for Bahrein market for kinnow export and Bahrein market was stable among given markets. Similarly, mango results showed that export of mango to Germany market was stable among given markets and within the given period. Export of orange to Saudi Arabia market and export of dates to Bangladesh market was stable among given markets within the given period of time. Finally, in order to lessen the instability, it can be proposed that Pakistan ought to take steps to boost the exports of primary commodity and value added products to raise revenue profitable.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43474701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Parveen, Sharoon Masih, Bushra Ishfaq, H. Kausar, S. Saeed, Z. Iqbal, Muhammad Abrar
Present study was conducted during the year 2020 at the Food Technology Section of Postharvest Research Centre, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan on the value addition of short seasoned indigenous fruit for the development of black mulberry RTS drink. The nutritional quality and effect of storage on the keeping quality of drink was evaluated. Drinks were developed by using different percentage of pulp in final ceipe, filtered, pasteurized and filled in glass bottles. The physicochemical characteristics of the drinks during shelf life were studied. Four drinks with different mulberry fruit juice percentage were prepared and stored them at ambient temperature. The total soluble solids were found to be 13.03, 13.60, 13.86 and 14.20 ⸰ Brix in T1 , T2 , T3 and T4 respectively. During the three months storage periods TSS was reached up to 14.06, 14.13, 14.16 and 14.63 for T1 , T2 , T3 and T4 , respectively. Reducing and total sugars % were increased and observed in the range of (7.20-7.47%), (7.65-7.89%), (7.75- 7.89%), (8.26-9.25%) and (12.52-12.68%), (13.20-13.69%), (13.68-14.98%), (14.52-15.4%) for T1 , T2 , T3 , and T4 , respectively. Non-reducing sugar percent was observed to be reduced from 5.32 to 5.21%, 5.89 to 5.63%, 6.23-6.11% and 6.26 to 6.20% for T1 , T2 , T3 and T4 , respectively during three month storage period. Sensory evaluation showed all the treatments acceptable but highest scores for color, flavour, taste and overall acceptability were perceived in case of T4 with 25% fruit pulp at the end of storage period.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF BLACK MULBERRY RTS DRINK","authors":"S. Parveen, Sharoon Masih, Bushra Ishfaq, H. Kausar, S. Saeed, Z. Iqbal, Muhammad Abrar","doi":"10.58475/2023.61.1.1976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58475/2023.61.1.1976","url":null,"abstract":"Present study was conducted during the year 2020 at the Food Technology Section of Postharvest Research Centre, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan on the value addition of short seasoned indigenous fruit for the development of black mulberry RTS drink. The nutritional quality and effect of storage on the keeping quality of drink was evaluated. Drinks were developed by using different percentage of pulp in final ceipe, filtered, pasteurized and filled in glass bottles. The physicochemical characteristics of the drinks during shelf life were studied. Four drinks with different mulberry fruit juice percentage were prepared and stored them at ambient temperature. The total soluble solids were found to be 13.03, 13.60, 13.86 and 14.20 ⸰ Brix in T1 , T2 , T3 and T4 respectively. During the three months storage periods TSS was reached up to 14.06, 14.13, 14.16 and 14.63 for T1 , T2 , T3 and T4 , respectively. Reducing and total sugars % were increased and observed in the range of (7.20-7.47%), (7.65-7.89%), (7.75- 7.89%), (8.26-9.25%) and (12.52-12.68%), (13.20-13.69%), (13.68-14.98%), (14.52-15.4%) for T1 , T2 , T3 , and T4 , respectively. Non-reducing sugar percent was observed to be reduced from 5.32 to 5.21%, 5.89 to 5.63%, 6.23-6.11% and 6.26 to 6.20% for T1 , T2 , T3 and T4 , respectively during three month storage period. Sensory evaluation showed all the treatments acceptable but highest scores for color, flavour, taste and overall acceptability were perceived in case of T4 with 25% fruit pulp at the end of storage period.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45297132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Yasmeen, M. Ashraf, Shahzad Ahmad, Maqsood Ahmad, Iqbal Sabir, Shahzaib
Traditionally in Pakistan most of carrots are harvested either by adopting a complete manual harvesting method in which a series of manual practices such as digging and picking of carrots from the field, removal of green leafs and filling in bags for further cleaning/ washing of carrot are performed or semi mechanized method in which only digging and loosening of carrot on beds is done by using tractor operated carrot digger whereas all other reaming operations are performed manually. Consequently, the harvesting of carrot is most laborious and time consuming operation among its all farm operations due to narrow time span for harvesting. hence in order to address the carrot harvesting issue, two row tractor operated carrot harvester cum trimmer was designed and developed by Agriculture Mechanization Research Institute (Research Division), Faisalabad, Pakistan to dig, separate, de-top and collect carrots simultaneously during 2019-20. The main components of harvester were digging unit, lifting unit, soil separation unit, trimming unit, carrot storage bin, leaf slides and hydraulic power transmission system. Forward speed of 2.5 km/hr, belt speed of 0.75 m/s, rake angle of 25 degree and belt inclination angle of 24 degree was best combination to achieve optimum performance of machine such as overall efficiency of machine is 72.97% with combination of Lifting efficiency of 88 %, conveying efficiency of 93.9%, belt losses of 6.1 %, trimming efficiency of 87%, damage percentage of 11 % and carrot root quality of 89%. Hence the use of carrot harvester cum trimmer was efficient and economically viable operation with the 63.04% and 86.4 % saving in cost and labor reduction as compared to traditional method.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF CARROT HARVESTER CUM TRIMMER","authors":"Z. Yasmeen, M. Ashraf, Shahzad Ahmad, Maqsood Ahmad, Iqbal Sabir, Shahzaib","doi":"10.58475/2023.61.1.1837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58475/2023.61.1.1837","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally in Pakistan most of carrots are harvested either by adopting a complete manual harvesting method in which a series of manual practices such as digging and picking of carrots from the field, removal of green leafs and filling in bags for further cleaning/ washing of carrot are performed or semi mechanized method in which only digging and loosening of carrot on beds is done by using tractor operated carrot digger whereas all other reaming operations are performed manually. Consequently, the harvesting of carrot is most laborious and time consuming operation among its all farm operations due to narrow time span for harvesting. hence in order to address the carrot harvesting issue, two row tractor operated carrot harvester cum trimmer was designed and developed by Agriculture Mechanization Research Institute (Research Division), Faisalabad, Pakistan to dig, separate, de-top and collect carrots simultaneously during 2019-20. The main components of harvester were digging unit, lifting unit, soil separation unit, trimming unit, carrot storage bin, leaf slides and hydraulic power transmission system. Forward speed of 2.5 km/hr, belt speed of 0.75 m/s, rake angle of 25 degree and belt inclination angle of 24 degree was best combination to achieve optimum performance of machine such as overall efficiency of machine is 72.97% with combination of Lifting efficiency of 88 %, conveying efficiency of 93.9%, belt losses of 6.1 %, trimming efficiency of 87%, damage percentage of 11 % and carrot root quality of 89%. Hence the use of carrot harvester cum trimmer was efficient and economically viable operation with the 63.04% and 86.4 % saving in cost and labor reduction as compared to traditional method.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45677873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water scarcity and food security are global concerns, which require morefood production from less water. Therefore, for effective management of water resources and improved food production, identification of Crop water Productivity (CWP) is of prime importance. Current study was conducted at Center for Advanced Studies in Water, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan during year 2020 estimates CWP of wheat during the Rabi season (winter season) in the Nawab Shah District of Sindh (located in Rorhi canal command area) using Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution with internalized calibration (METRIC) - Earth Engine Flux (EEFLUX) application. Cloud corrections were applied where cloud cover was approximately 50% and missing data were interpolated. Actual evapotran spiration (ETa ) for each season (initial, development, mid and late, required for estimating CWP) were calculated from reference evapotranspiration (ETr ) by evapotranspiration factor (ETr F) which were available at the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) website, using geographical information system software package (ARC-GIS). Total ETa for the entire season came out to be 367.57 mm. Inshort, wheat crop productivity can be assessed by using matric EEFLUX imagery
{"title":"ESTIMATION OF WHEAT CROP PRODUCTIVITY OF DISTRICT NAWAB SHAH USING METRIC EEFLUX IMAGERY","authors":"N. Saqib, Tarique Aziz","doi":"10.58475/2023.61.1.1727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58475/2023.61.1.1727","url":null,"abstract":"Water scarcity and food security are global concerns, which require morefood production from less water. Therefore, for effective management of water resources and improved food production, identification of Crop water Productivity (CWP) is of prime importance. Current study was conducted at Center for Advanced Studies in Water, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan during year 2020 estimates CWP of wheat during the Rabi season (winter season) in the Nawab Shah District of Sindh (located in Rorhi canal command area) using Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution with internalized calibration (METRIC) - Earth Engine Flux (EEFLUX) application. Cloud corrections were applied where cloud cover was approximately 50% and missing data were interpolated. Actual evapotran spiration (ETa ) for each season (initial, development, mid and late, required for estimating CWP) were calculated from reference evapotranspiration (ETr ) by evapotranspiration factor (ETr F) which were available at the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) website, using geographical information system software package (ARC-GIS). Total ETa for the entire season came out to be 367.57 mm. Inshort, wheat crop productivity can be assessed by using matric EEFLUX imagery","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42783099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asma Mustafa, Atif Naeem, H. Kausar, Shaguhfta Ismail, S. Mubarak, B. Kanwal, Syed Muhammad Taseer Abbas Naqvi, Zaheer Ahmed, R. Maqbool
Current research was conducted in the field area of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad during 2018-19. Six parents were used as female lines and three parents as male testers. F1 along with their parents were sown under drought and normal conditions in a randomized complete block design. Data were recorded for flag leaf area, chlorophyll contents, plant height, spike length, spikelets per spike, grains per spike, grain weight per spike, relative water contents, spike density, weight of 1000-grain, grain yield from each plant and tillers per plant. F1 plants and their parents were evaluated for general as well as for specific combining ability. The SSR marker-based screening of parental genotypes was also conducted using 4SSR markers related to drought tolerance. Under normal water conditions, parent Chakwal-50 was a good general combiner for plant height and 1000 grain weight, 9774 perform best for spike length and grain weight per spike. Line BARS-2009 performed best for tillers per plant, number of spikes per plant. In drought conditions, for plant height parent AAS11, Chakwal-50 and 10137 gave significant results. Line BARS-2009 and 9774 gave desirable results for number of tillers per plant. Under normal water condition, cross 9774 × Kohistan 97, Chakwal-50 × Sialkot-13, Chakwal-50 × 9733, BARS-2009 × 9496 and Punjab 2011 × Sialkot-13 performed well for chlorophyll content, flag leaf area, 1000-grain weight and tillers/plant. In drought conditions, crosses 9774 × Kohistan 97, AAS-11 × Sialkot-13, 10137 × Sialkot-13 and 10137 × 9496 performed good for plant height, grain weight per spike, flag leaf area and yield per plant. So, it was concluded from physiological and molecular analysis results that among parents Chalwal-50, BARS-2009, 9496 and 10137 were better performing for drought and can be included in future breeding program.
{"title":"GENETIC ANALYSIS OF WHEAT ACCESSIONS FOR YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS UNDER WATER DEFICIT CONDITION","authors":"Asma Mustafa, Atif Naeem, H. Kausar, Shaguhfta Ismail, S. Mubarak, B. Kanwal, Syed Muhammad Taseer Abbas Naqvi, Zaheer Ahmed, R. Maqbool","doi":"10.58475/2023.61.1.1681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58475/2023.61.1.1681","url":null,"abstract":"Current research was conducted in the field area of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad during 2018-19. Six parents were used as female lines and three parents as male testers. F1 along with their parents were sown under drought and normal conditions in a randomized complete block design. Data were recorded for flag leaf area, chlorophyll contents, plant height, spike length, spikelets per spike, grains per spike, grain weight per spike, relative water contents, spike density, weight of 1000-grain, grain yield from each plant and tillers per plant. F1 plants and their parents were evaluated for general as well as for specific combining ability. The SSR marker-based screening of parental genotypes was also conducted using 4SSR markers related to drought tolerance. Under normal water conditions, parent Chakwal-50 was a good general combiner for plant height and 1000 grain weight, 9774 perform best for spike length and grain weight per spike. Line BARS-2009 performed best for tillers per plant, number of spikes per plant. In drought conditions, for plant height parent AAS11, Chakwal-50 and 10137 gave significant results. Line BARS-2009 and 9774 gave desirable results for number of tillers per plant. Under normal water condition, cross 9774 × Kohistan 97, Chakwal-50 × Sialkot-13, Chakwal-50 × 9733, BARS-2009 × 9496 and Punjab 2011 × Sialkot-13 performed well for chlorophyll content, flag leaf area, 1000-grain weight and tillers/plant. In drought conditions, crosses 9774 × Kohistan 97, AAS-11 × Sialkot-13, 10137 × Sialkot-13 and 10137 × 9496 performed good for plant height, grain weight per spike, flag leaf area and yield per plant. So, it was concluded from physiological and molecular analysis results that among parents Chalwal-50, BARS-2009, 9496 and 10137 were better performing for drought and can be included in future breeding program.","PeriodicalId":14975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48978735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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