Pub Date : 1993-10-17DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378878
S. Yamanaka, T. Fukuda, G. Sawa, M. Ieda, M. Ito, T. Seguchi
The /spl gamma/-irradiation effect on electrical conductivity is described for EPR (ethylene-propylene rubber) formulated for a cable insulator. The irradiation produces both permanent and temporary changes in the conductivity. Annealing reduces the temporarily increased conductivity toward that of unirradiated samples. The permanent change in conductivity is probably caused by a chemical change and the temporary change is likely due to such physical processes such as the trapping of carriers excited by /spl gamma/-irradiation.<>
{"title":"Effect of /spl gamma/-irradiation on electrical conductivity of EPR with filler","authors":"S. Yamanaka, T. Fukuda, G. Sawa, M. Ieda, M. Ito, T. Seguchi","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378878","url":null,"abstract":"The /spl gamma/-irradiation effect on electrical conductivity is described for EPR (ethylene-propylene rubber) formulated for a cable insulator. The irradiation produces both permanent and temporary changes in the conductivity. Annealing reduces the temporarily increased conductivity toward that of unirradiated samples. The permanent change in conductivity is probably caused by a chemical change and the temporary change is likely due to such physical processes such as the trapping of carriers excited by /spl gamma/-irradiation.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149803,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena - (CEIDP '93)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123116052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-17DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378888
S. Pélissou, N. Amyot
Different field-aged XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) samples having opposite characteristics have been investigated. Studies of water tree growth and AC breakdown, and an examination of samples peeled-off from a 6-year field-aged cable an (HQ3) and laboratory aged have been carried out. The results obtained confirm the results obtained with cable HQ3 did not differ much in comparison with previous results on cable HQ4. The lower water or microcavity content, and the greater impurity concentrations and water tree density of cable HQ3 did not help to obtain water tree convertion into electrical trees. However, it is confirmed that laboratory and field water trees behave much more as dielectrics or are poorly conductive, and that laboratory accelerated aging conditions are not necessarily representative of what happens in the field.<>
{"title":"Water trees conversion in field-aged XLPE","authors":"S. Pélissou, N. Amyot","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378888","url":null,"abstract":"Different field-aged XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) samples having opposite characteristics have been investigated. Studies of water tree growth and AC breakdown, and an examination of samples peeled-off from a 6-year field-aged cable an (HQ3) and laboratory aged have been carried out. The results obtained confirm the results obtained with cable HQ3 did not differ much in comparison with previous results on cable HQ4. The lower water or microcavity content, and the greater impurity concentrations and water tree density of cable HQ3 did not help to obtain water tree convertion into electrical trees. However, it is confirmed that laboratory and field water trees behave much more as dielectrics or are poorly conductive, and that laboratory accelerated aging conditions are not necessarily representative of what happens in the field.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149803,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena - (CEIDP '93)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114675414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-17DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378989
D. Moya-Siesse, G. Moya, C. Le Gressus
A polycrystalline ceramic (Y/sub 2/ O/sub 3/ + 1 at.% La) has been charged under electron irradiation. The specific heat C/sub p/ of both an uncharged and of a charged sample has been measured by the microcalorimetric technique, showing that C/sub p/ decreases after charge implantation. The variation of C/sub p/(T) as a function of the temperature of the charged sample has also been investigated. The extra contribution of the polarization introduced in C/sub p/ vanishes at about 400/spl deg/C. The variation of C/sub p/ after charging and the observed dipolar relaxation in Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ are interpreted with a simple qualitative model. It has been shown that charge trapping modifies the thermodynamic variables of insulators and therefore can be at the origin of structural modifications in a variety of materials subject to stresses such as the recrystallization of polymers or the phase transition of zirconia.<>
{"title":"Free energy variation due to a space charge formation","authors":"D. Moya-Siesse, G. Moya, C. Le Gressus","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378989","url":null,"abstract":"A polycrystalline ceramic (Y/sub 2/ O/sub 3/ + 1 at.% La) has been charged under electron irradiation. The specific heat C/sub p/ of both an uncharged and of a charged sample has been measured by the microcalorimetric technique, showing that C/sub p/ decreases after charge implantation. The variation of C/sub p/(T) as a function of the temperature of the charged sample has also been investigated. The extra contribution of the polarization introduced in C/sub p/ vanishes at about 400/spl deg/C. The variation of C/sub p/ after charging and the observed dipolar relaxation in Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ are interpreted with a simple qualitative model. It has been shown that charge trapping modifies the thermodynamic variables of insulators and therefore can be at the origin of structural modifications in a variety of materials subject to stresses such as the recrystallization of polymers or the phase transition of zirconia.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149803,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena - (CEIDP '93)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127212349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-17DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378996
R. Jagadish, P.K. Poovamma, K. Dwarakanath
In order to study the effect of material characteristics on static electrification phenomena, the charging current characteristics of different polymeric materials, such as, PTFE, XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene), LDPE (low-density polyethylene) silicone rubber, EVA, EPR, pressboard, etc., in paraffinic-based transformer oil were investigated. Use was made of spinning disc system (SDS) over a temperature range of 27-60/spl deg/C and at a rotational speed varying from 250 to 2000 rpm. The charging current characteristics of the above materials were also investigated in the presence of conducting contaminants like cupric oxide and iron particles. The oil/silicone system had the lowest and the oil/LDPE system had the highest charging current characteristics. The oil/silicone, oil/EPR, and oil/PTFE systems exhibited peak current characteristics. The presence of contaminants particles like CuO and iron reduced the charging current characteristics of the oil/polymer systems significantly.<>
{"title":"Effects of polymeric materials and contaminants on streaming electrification","authors":"R. Jagadish, P.K. Poovamma, K. Dwarakanath","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378996","url":null,"abstract":"In order to study the effect of material characteristics on static electrification phenomena, the charging current characteristics of different polymeric materials, such as, PTFE, XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene), LDPE (low-density polyethylene) silicone rubber, EVA, EPR, pressboard, etc., in paraffinic-based transformer oil were investigated. Use was made of spinning disc system (SDS) over a temperature range of 27-60/spl deg/C and at a rotational speed varying from 250 to 2000 rpm. The charging current characteristics of the above materials were also investigated in the presence of conducting contaminants like cupric oxide and iron particles. The oil/silicone system had the lowest and the oil/LDPE system had the highest charging current characteristics. The oil/silicone, oil/EPR, and oil/PTFE systems exhibited peak current characteristics. The presence of contaminants particles like CuO and iron reduced the charging current characteristics of the oil/polymer systems significantly.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149803,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena - (CEIDP '93)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125125508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-17DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378977
Y. Tanaka, Y. Li, T. Takada, M. Ikeda
Space charge distributions formed in commercially available low-density polyethylene (LDPE), modified LDPE with carbonyl groups (LDPE/spl alpha/), and sandwiched LDPE between two LDPE/spl alpha/ layers (LDPE/spl alpha/-LDPE-LDPE/spl alpha/) were observed by means of the pulsed electroacoustic method. LDPE-/spl alpha/, in which no space charges were observed up to an applied electric field of 40 kV/mm, was used as the suppression layer in the sandwiched sample for blocking the charge injection. In this sample, hetero space charges were observed in the central LDPE layer. On the other hand, apparent homo space charges were observed in LDPE. The amounts of charges actually injected into LDPE were estimated by subtracting the amount of heterocharges formed in the sandwiched LDPE sample from the homocharges formed in the LDPE sample.<>
{"title":"Effect of suppression layer on space charge formation in low-density polyethylene","authors":"Y. Tanaka, Y. Li, T. Takada, M. Ikeda","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378977","url":null,"abstract":"Space charge distributions formed in commercially available low-density polyethylene (LDPE), modified LDPE with carbonyl groups (LDPE/spl alpha/), and sandwiched LDPE between two LDPE/spl alpha/ layers (LDPE/spl alpha/-LDPE-LDPE/spl alpha/) were observed by means of the pulsed electroacoustic method. LDPE-/spl alpha/, in which no space charges were observed up to an applied electric field of 40 kV/mm, was used as the suppression layer in the sandwiched sample for blocking the charge injection. In this sample, hetero space charges were observed in the central LDPE layer. On the other hand, apparent homo space charges were observed in LDPE. The amounts of charges actually injected into LDPE were estimated by subtracting the amount of heterocharges formed in the sandwiched LDPE sample from the homocharges formed in the LDPE sample.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149803,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena - (CEIDP '93)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126086371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-17DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378973
P. Gunther, H. Ding, R. Gerhard-Multhaupt
Novel amorphous copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole were recently introduced by DuPont under the trade name Teflon AF. These polymers are being studied and used for a number of applications mostly in optics, since they exhibit high optical transparency up to a wavelength of about 3 /spl mu/m. Teflon AF may be dissolved in fluorocarbon solvents and spin-coated Teflon-AF films were studied using isothermal and thermally stimulated discharge measurements. Results are presented and discussed in comparison with the corresponding properties of the other Teflon fluoropolymers. The long-term charge-storage capability of Teflon AF is similar to that of the other Teflon materials for the same electric fields.<>
{"title":"Electret properties of spin-coated Teflon-AF films","authors":"P. Gunther, H. Ding, R. Gerhard-Multhaupt","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378973","url":null,"abstract":"Novel amorphous copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole were recently introduced by DuPont under the trade name Teflon AF. These polymers are being studied and used for a number of applications mostly in optics, since they exhibit high optical transparency up to a wavelength of about 3 /spl mu/m. Teflon AF may be dissolved in fluorocarbon solvents and spin-coated Teflon-AF films were studied using isothermal and thermally stimulated discharge measurements. Results are presented and discussed in comparison with the corresponding properties of the other Teflon fluoropolymers. The long-term charge-storage capability of Teflon AF is similar to that of the other Teflon materials for the same electric fields.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149803,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena - (CEIDP '93)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126113887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-17DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378906
S. Kim, R. Hackam
The formation of low-molecular-weight silicone fluid at the surface of room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone rubber coatings is shown to occur as a direct result of applying heat. Two independent methods are employed to demonstrate this phenomenon. In the first, the specimen surface is subjected to bombardment by varying energy input from a laser beam to generate the heat. In the second experiment the RTV specimens are subjected to varying amounts of heat energy in a thermal oven at 240/spl deg/C by varying the length of time of exposure. In the latter experiment both the bulk and the surface of the coating are subjected to heat. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the formation of the silicone fluid after the specimen was subjected to heat. The formation of silicon fluid is shown to be more pronounced with higher energy input. The heat that penetrates into the bulk of the RTV coating changes the PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) molecules and forms short PDMS chains. Therefore, the silicone fluid increases in the bulk of the RTV coating.<>
{"title":"Formation of silicone fluid at the surface of RTV silicone rubber coating due to heat","authors":"S. Kim, R. Hackam","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378906","url":null,"abstract":"The formation of low-molecular-weight silicone fluid at the surface of room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone rubber coatings is shown to occur as a direct result of applying heat. Two independent methods are employed to demonstrate this phenomenon. In the first, the specimen surface is subjected to bombardment by varying energy input from a laser beam to generate the heat. In the second experiment the RTV specimens are subjected to varying amounts of heat energy in a thermal oven at 240/spl deg/C by varying the length of time of exposure. In the latter experiment both the bulk and the surface of the coating are subjected to heat. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the formation of the silicone fluid after the specimen was subjected to heat. The formation of silicon fluid is shown to be more pronounced with higher energy input. The heat that penetrates into the bulk of the RTV coating changes the PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) molecules and forms short PDMS chains. Therefore, the silicone fluid increases in the bulk of the RTV coating.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149803,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena - (CEIDP '93)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125333624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-17DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378990
G. Blaise
Surface flashover is investigated in relation to the formation of space charge. Flashover at the injecting and at the noninjecting electrode is considered, and scaling laws are examined.<>
研究了表面闪络与空间电荷形成的关系。考虑了注射电极和非注射电极的闪络，并研究了标度规律。
{"title":"The space charge physics and the breakdown process","authors":"G. Blaise","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378990","url":null,"abstract":"Surface flashover is investigated in relation to the formation of space charge. Flashover at the injecting and at the noninjecting electrode is considered, and scaling laws are examined.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149803,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena - (CEIDP '93)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114550769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-17DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378970
M. Zanin, J. Giacometti, A. Dereggi
The authors report measurements of injected charge and polarization in ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPDM) with and without alumina filter using the thermal pulse method, following the application of high voltage. It is found that homocharge injection occurs from both electrodes with more positive homocharge than negative homocharge. Dipolar-like polarization was induced by the applied voltage in specimens containing filler.<>
{"title":"Charge injection and polarization in ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPDM) probed with the thermal pulse technique","authors":"M. Zanin, J. Giacometti, A. Dereggi","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378970","url":null,"abstract":"The authors report measurements of injected charge and polarization in ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPDM) with and without alumina filter using the thermal pulse method, following the application of high voltage. It is found that homocharge injection occurs from both electrodes with more positive homocharge than negative homocharge. Dipolar-like polarization was induced by the applied voltage in specimens containing filler.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149803,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena - (CEIDP '93)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128456691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-17DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378951
K. Miyairi
The author describes an investigation of the electrical and optical properties of sputtered tantalum oxide films with a view toward its possible use as a dielectric waveguide material. The tantalum oxide films used in the experiment were obtained by sputtering a tantalum target (99.94%) in an environment rich in oxygen (Ar/O/sub 2/ = 84.5/15.5). The sputtered tantalum oxide films show high dielectric constant and low tan /spl delta/. However, their electrical resistivity and dielectric breakdown are lower than those of tantalum films anodized in an electrolyte. High refractive-index films were obtained.<>
{"title":"Electrical and optical properties of tantalum oxide thin films prepared by RF reactive sputtering","authors":"K. Miyairi","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378951","url":null,"abstract":"The author describes an investigation of the electrical and optical properties of sputtered tantalum oxide films with a view toward its possible use as a dielectric waveguide material. The tantalum oxide films used in the experiment were obtained by sputtering a tantalum target (99.94%) in an environment rich in oxygen (Ar/O/sub 2/ = 84.5/15.5). The sputtered tantalum oxide films show high dielectric constant and low tan /spl delta/. However, their electrical resistivity and dielectric breakdown are lower than those of tantalum films anodized in an electrolyte. High refractive-index films were obtained.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149803,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena - (CEIDP '93)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130343181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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