Pub Date : 1993-10-17DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378955
E. Takahashi, H. Mitsui, M. Sone
Thermionic emission from heated ceramics (Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, ZrO/sub 2/, and Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/,) and was measured using a microchannel plates (MCP). The thermionic emission was measured from all samples by using an MCP in the 10/sup -18/[A]-10/sup -11/[A] region. The electron and positive ion were caused by vaporization of silicon or silicate contained in the ceramics as additive materials.<>
{"title":"Study of electron and ion emission from heated ceramics","authors":"E. Takahashi, H. Mitsui, M. Sone","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378955","url":null,"abstract":"Thermionic emission from heated ceramics (Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, ZrO/sub 2/, and Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/,) and was measured using a microchannel plates (MCP). The thermionic emission was measured from all samples by using an MCP in the 10/sup -18/[A]-10/sup -11/[A] region. The electron and positive ion were caused by vaporization of silicon or silicate contained in the ceramics as additive materials.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149803,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena - (CEIDP '93)","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132894713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-17DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378895
A. Jeffery, D. Damon
Clay filler in EPR (ethylene propylene rubber) causes a peak in the TSDC (thermally stimulated discharge current) spectra at about 40 /spl deg/C. The peak displays dipole behavior and has an activation of 0.48eV. It seems to consist of one single relaxation peak and two smaller peaks which have not yet been analyzed. Reducing the clay concentration and particle size reduces the size of the peak. The polarization mechanism which causes this peak is not clear. It is possible that aggregation of the clay, adhesion of the clay to the polymer, or particle-particle interactions may affect this mechanism.<>
{"title":"Effect of clay on the dielectric relaxation of ethylene propylene rubber using thermally stimulated discharge current measurements","authors":"A. Jeffery, D. Damon","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378895","url":null,"abstract":"Clay filler in EPR (ethylene propylene rubber) causes a peak in the TSDC (thermally stimulated discharge current) spectra at about 40 /spl deg/C. The peak displays dipole behavior and has an activation of 0.48eV. It seems to consist of one single relaxation peak and two smaller peaks which have not yet been analyzed. Reducing the clay concentration and particle size reduces the size of the peak. The polarization mechanism which causes this peak is not clear. It is possible that aggregation of the clay, adhesion of the clay to the polymer, or particle-particle interactions may affect this mechanism.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149803,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena - (CEIDP '93)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133167485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-17DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378983
A. Cherifi, A. Toureille, J. Reboul, M. Khalil
The effect of 5% Wt BaTiO/sub 3/ additive and electrode material on space charge formation and electric field distribution in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was investigated using the thermal step technique. Space charge was formed under high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) conditions at an average field of about 28 kV/mm and a temperature of 50/spl deg/C. Results indicate that the addition of BaTiO/sub 3/ to LDPE considerably reduced the remanent space charge and electric field, and changed their distribution patterns in the doped material compared with the plain material. It is also shown that the remanent space charge and electric field in plain LDPE are dependent on the type of electrode material. The density of the remanent space charge in the sample with gold electrodes is much higher and its distribution is different, than the sample with aluminum electrodes. The remanent field distributions in the two cases are also different.<>
{"title":"Influence of barium titanate (BaTiO/sub 3/) additive on space charge formation in polyethylene","authors":"A. Cherifi, A. Toureille, J. Reboul, M. Khalil","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378983","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of 5% Wt BaTiO/sub 3/ additive and electrode material on space charge formation and electric field distribution in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was investigated using the thermal step technique. Space charge was formed under high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) conditions at an average field of about 28 kV/mm and a temperature of 50/spl deg/C. Results indicate that the addition of BaTiO/sub 3/ to LDPE considerably reduced the remanent space charge and electric field, and changed their distribution patterns in the doped material compared with the plain material. It is also shown that the remanent space charge and electric field in plain LDPE are dependent on the type of electrode material. The density of the remanent space charge in the sample with gold electrodes is much higher and its distribution is different, than the sample with aluminum electrodes. The remanent field distributions in the two cases are also different.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149803,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena - (CEIDP '93)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123848691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-17DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378966
H. Berroug, B. Vallayer, S. Fayeulle, D. Tréheux, C. Le Gressus
Space charge physics based on the analysis of polarization and relaxation of dielectric materials is shown to give a consistent description of various phenomena observed in ceramics subjected to stresses of various kins (electrical, mechanical, thermal etc.) Pure sapphire was the model material tested. Defects introduced in ceramic (by irradiation, diffusion, mechanical stresses, etc.) locally change the polarizability, and modify the capacity of the charge and thus the properties of the material. These changes in properties affect the whole ceramic, not only the bulk areas with defects. Sites of trapping are created by friction everywhere in the material (i.e., inside and outside the contact track). Therefore, the behavior can be modified by a machining process. The mechanical relaxation of the energy stored in a charged lattice is eventually converted into shock waves producing flashover, fracture, or wear located in the trapping areas.<>
{"title":"Insulators properties related to both tribology and space charge physics","authors":"H. Berroug, B. Vallayer, S. Fayeulle, D. Tréheux, C. Le Gressus","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378966","url":null,"abstract":"Space charge physics based on the analysis of polarization and relaxation of dielectric materials is shown to give a consistent description of various phenomena observed in ceramics subjected to stresses of various kins (electrical, mechanical, thermal etc.) Pure sapphire was the model material tested. Defects introduced in ceramic (by irradiation, diffusion, mechanical stresses, etc.) locally change the polarizability, and modify the capacity of the charge and thus the properties of the material. These changes in properties affect the whole ceramic, not only the bulk areas with defects. Sites of trapping are created by friction everywhere in the material (i.e., inside and outside the contact track). Therefore, the behavior can be modified by a machining process. The mechanical relaxation of the energy stored in a charged lattice is eventually converted into shock waves producing flashover, fracture, or wear located in the trapping areas.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149803,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena - (CEIDP '93)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124116124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-17DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378905
J. Bezille, H. Janah
An attempt is made to show that the measurement of Cp to characterize the thermodynamic equilibrium of PE (polyethylene) used for HV insulation is of great interest for calculating the cable lifetime. First results have shown that, for bulk samples, /spl delta/Cp increases with the implanted charge, and low charge level already has a significant effect on /spl delta/Cp. Above a critical value of implanted charge, /spl delta/Cp comes back to zero. This means that all the energy stored in the polarized sample is released during the breakdown. Interfaces between each film appear to have a significant effect because results are differ markedly as compared to those for the bulk sample.<>
{"title":"Thermodynamic effect of charge trapping in synthetic insulation of HV cable","authors":"J. Bezille, H. Janah","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378905","url":null,"abstract":"An attempt is made to show that the measurement of Cp to characterize the thermodynamic equilibrium of PE (polyethylene) used for HV insulation is of great interest for calculating the cable lifetime. First results have shown that, for bulk samples, /spl delta/Cp increases with the implanted charge, and low charge level already has a significant effect on /spl delta/Cp. Above a critical value of implanted charge, /spl delta/Cp comes back to zero. This means that all the energy stored in the polarized sample is released during the breakdown. Interfaces between each film appear to have a significant effect because results are differ markedly as compared to those for the bulk sample.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149803,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena - (CEIDP '93)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128828971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-17DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378917
S. Sebo, D. Kasten, T. Zhao, L. Zaffanella, B. Clairmont, S. Zelingher
A review of the reduced-scale hybrid line model development for the study of hybrid corona phenomena is presented. Techniques to model hybrid corona through the modeling of conductor size and conductor corona onset voltage have been developed. Instrumentation for the reduced-scale hybrid line model has been developed and physical facilities have been designed and constructed. Test series and parameters to be varied were selected for simple configurations with one AC and one DC bundle conductor. Measurements were performed and test data were evaluated and organized. Modeling techniques have been extended to full configurations with three phase AC and bipolar DC line models.<>
{"title":"Development of reduced-scale line modeling for the study of hybrid corona","authors":"S. Sebo, D. Kasten, T. Zhao, L. Zaffanella, B. Clairmont, S. Zelingher","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378917","url":null,"abstract":"A review of the reduced-scale hybrid line model development for the study of hybrid corona phenomena is presented. Techniques to model hybrid corona through the modeling of conductor size and conductor corona onset voltage have been developed. Instrumentation for the reduced-scale hybrid line model has been developed and physical facilities have been designed and constructed. Test series and parameters to be varied were selected for simple configurations with one AC and one DC bundle conductor. Measurements were performed and test data were evaluated and organized. Modeling techniques have been extended to full configurations with three phase AC and bipolar DC line models.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149803,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena - (CEIDP '93)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115947701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-17DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378942
J.P. Zheng, P. Cygan, T. Jow
DC breakdown in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films was studied. It was found that the interface between the metal electrode and the polymer film is very important in determining the breakdown voltage. When the positive electrode was blocked by inserting a thin layer of insulating polymer between the PVDF film and the metal electrode, the breakdown voltage decreased drastically. The breakdown behavior was also studied as a function of the thickness of the polymers used to block the electrode. The results obtained agree with the observation that the piezoelectricity of PVDF is dependent on the metal-PVDF interface a dependence which is believed to be directly related to the piezoelectricity of PVDF.<>
{"title":"Anomalous metal-polymer interface dependence of dielectric breakdown in polyvinylidene fluoride","authors":"J.P. Zheng, P. Cygan, T. Jow","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378942","url":null,"abstract":"DC breakdown in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films was studied. It was found that the interface between the metal electrode and the polymer film is very important in determining the breakdown voltage. When the positive electrode was blocked by inserting a thin layer of insulating polymer between the PVDF film and the metal electrode, the breakdown voltage decreased drastically. The breakdown behavior was also studied as a function of the thickness of the polymers used to block the electrode. The results obtained agree with the observation that the piezoelectricity of PVDF is dependent on the metal-PVDF interface a dependence which is believed to be directly related to the piezoelectricity of PVDF.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149803,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena - (CEIDP '93)","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114311724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-17DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378981
K. Tohyama, T. Tokoro, M. Nagao, M. Kosaki
High-field AC conduction was investigated in electron-beam irradiated cross-linked polyethylene (IR-XLPE) film in the high-field and high-temperature region. Measurements of the electric field dependence of tan /spl delta/, dissipation current waveform, and DC absorption current were carried out. In the high-temperature and high-field region where the increment tan /spl delta/ of IR-XLPE with electric field becomes large, the dissipation current waveforms have triangular shapes and the DC absorption current show a gradual increase after voltage application, probably due to space-charge-limited current. The high-field AC conduction of IR-XLPE in the high-temperature region is considered to be dominated by carrier injection from the electrode associated with the Schottky model.<>
{"title":"High-field AC conduction in electron beam irradiated crosslinked polyethylene films in high temperature region","authors":"K. Tohyama, T. Tokoro, M. Nagao, M. Kosaki","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378981","url":null,"abstract":"High-field AC conduction was investigated in electron-beam irradiated cross-linked polyethylene (IR-XLPE) film in the high-field and high-temperature region. Measurements of the electric field dependence of tan /spl delta/, dissipation current waveform, and DC absorption current were carried out. In the high-temperature and high-field region where the increment tan /spl delta/ of IR-XLPE with electric field becomes large, the dissipation current waveforms have triangular shapes and the DC absorption current show a gradual increase after voltage application, probably due to space-charge-limited current. The high-field AC conduction of IR-XLPE in the high-temperature region is considered to be dominated by carrier injection from the electrode associated with the Schottky model.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149803,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena - (CEIDP '93)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114455621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-17DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378932
K. Stricklett, C. Sununu
Refraction of light in the graded potential is considered in connection with the use of the Kerr effect to map divergent electric fields. It is shown that spatial variation of the strength or direction of the field will produce nonuniform refractive indices, and significant refraction of light in regions of high divergence may distort the final image and introduce an error in the field measurement. Experimental evidence for this effect is presented, and its implications for optical field mapping are discussed.<>
{"title":"Refraction of light by graded birefringent media","authors":"K. Stricklett, C. Sununu","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378932","url":null,"abstract":"Refraction of light in the graded potential is considered in connection with the use of the Kerr effect to map divergent electric fields. It is shown that spatial variation of the strength or direction of the field will produce nonuniform refractive indices, and significant refraction of light in regions of high divergence may distort the final image and introduce an error in the field measurement. Experimental evidence for this effect is presented, and its implications for optical field mapping are discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149803,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena - (CEIDP '93)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114468018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-17DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378954
C. Laverdure, M. Masse, M. Frechette
A quality assessment of the SF/sub 6/ insulating gas in a circuit breaker following test duty was performed. In addition, exploratory research was undertaken to characterize the performance of adsorbent materials in relation to by-product dynamics. Gas samples were analyzed and revealed decomposition up to 16%. The usual by-products were identified; SOF/sub 2/ and SO/sub 2/ had the highest concentrations. Thermal desorption of the contaminated molecular sieve was successfully achieved. The thermally desorbed gaseous products correlated with the usual SF/sub 6/ by-products which resulted from arcing.<>
{"title":"Gas integrity and adsorbent performance in an SF/sub 6/ circuit breaker after test duty","authors":"C. Laverdure, M. Masse, M. Frechette","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1993.378954","url":null,"abstract":"A quality assessment of the SF/sub 6/ insulating gas in a circuit breaker following test duty was performed. In addition, exploratory research was undertaken to characterize the performance of adsorbent materials in relation to by-product dynamics. Gas samples were analyzed and revealed decomposition up to 16%. The usual by-products were identified; SOF/sub 2/ and SO/sub 2/ had the highest concentrations. Thermal desorption of the contaminated molecular sieve was successfully achieved. The thermally desorbed gaseous products correlated with the usual SF/sub 6/ by-products which resulted from arcing.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":149803,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena - (CEIDP '93)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114098998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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