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Severity of topsoil compaction controls the impact of skid trails on soil ecological processes 表土压实的严重程度控制着滑行道对土壤生态过程的影响
IF 5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14708
Theresa Klein-Raufhake, Norbert Hölzel, Jens Jakob Schaper, Anja Hortmann, Michael Elmer, Max Fornfeist, Britta Linnemann, Michael Meyer, Katharina Rentemeister, Lea Santora, Jens Wöllecke, Ute Hamer

在温带森林生态系统中,滑行道是一种主要的管理诱导干扰,对土壤生态过程有相当大的影响,但迄今为止人们对其了解甚少。在德国森林中,滑行道占森林面积的 10%-20%,可能受到重型机械造成的土壤压实的影响。我们在中欧四种森林类型的 84 个配对地块上系统地研究了滑行道对土壤物理、化学和微生物参数的影响。在地形较为陡峭的低山森林中,滑行道的影响比在低地森林中更为剧烈。低山地区的滑行道显示微生物生物量的碳氮比(MBC/MBN)降低,微生物(MBC/SOC)和酶活性增加,导致碳周转加快(碳氮比降低,EOC/EN),土壤中的二氧化碳损失(CO2/SOC)增加。滑行道对低地森林的总体影响较小。在基质贫瘠的土壤上,我们发现 MBC/MBN 比率有所上升,而在基质丰富的低地土壤上,滑行道显示 CO2/SOC 有所下降,这表明土壤碳储量成比例增加。无论特定地区的影响如何,细粒土壤容重的相对增加被认为是决定滑行道对许多土壤参数影响的 "黄金特征",这表现在与 SOC、N、MBC、MBN、MBP、MBC/SOC 和 CO2/SOC 呈负相关,与某些水解酶的活性呈正相关。合成与应用:我们的数据清楚地表明,在坡度相对较陡的低山区,导致碳和养分大量流失的碳转化过程和土壤呼吸作用在滑道上显著增加,这与低地形成鲜明对比。我们的研究结果具有很强的环境依赖性,这表明必须以高空间分辨率绘制坡度、基质和湿度方面的土壤条件图,以评估重型机械对土壤压实的脆弱性。在这种脆弱性分析的基础上,可以通过指定永久固定的滑行道、对车辆进行技术改造(如宽底轮胎)以及仔细规划和安排管理作业的时间,将负面影响降至最低。
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引用次数: 0
Forest composition shapes seed-rodent interactions in a gradient of broadleaves and conifers 森林组成决定了阔叶林和针叶林梯度中种子与鼠类的相互作用
IF 5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14711
Pedro Mittelman, Scott M. Appleby, Niko Balkenhol

在林业实践中,越来越多地采用非本地树种和混交林作为应对气候变化的保障措施,以及在提供经济效益的同时促进生物多样性的工具。虽然森林组成的这些变化可能会影响动物群落和生态系统过程,但很少从植物与动物相互作用的角度对其进行研究。在这里,我们研究了不同比例的本地阔叶树(Fagus sylvatica)和两种针叶树(引进的Pseudotsuga menziesii和本地的Picea abies)森林如何影响啮齿动物及其与种子的相互作用。我们调查了陆生小型哺乳动物群落,估算了物种密度,评估了啮齿动物对种子的偏好,收集了环境变量数据(林下密度和树木基部面积),测量了落叶松种子的产量,并在德国北部落叶松萌发年和非萌发年的 20 个不同森林地块中追踪了 1200 颗落叶松种子。森林组成影响了啮齿动物与种子之间的相互作用。在阔叶树比例较低的森林中,榉树种子被采收的速度更快、数量更大、存活率更低、被贮藏的次数更少。这些结果与其他三项发现一致:(a)种子的命运与阔叶树和针叶树的比例有关,而与针叶树的特性无关;(b)啮齿动物更喜欢营养丰富的榉树种子,而不是小针叶树种子;(c)在榉树种子稀少的时期(非歉收年),啮齿动物收获的种子比例更高。综述与应用:这项研究提供了森林组成如何影响植物与动物相互作用的证据,而不一定会改变动物群落或种群密度。具体来说,我们发现,在小型哺乳动物群落、种子与啮齿动物的相互作用或种子命运方面,原生针叶树森林与非原生针叶树森林之间没有差异。此外,在混交林中,啮齿类动物可能主要捕食竞争性较强的针叶树(Fagus sylvatica)的种子,从而缓解山毛榉对针叶树的优势地位。
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引用次数: 0
Driving mechanism for farmers to adopt agroecology for biodiversity conservation: Inspiration from tea management in a China National Park 农民采用生态农业保护生物多样性的驱动机制:中国国家公园茶叶管理的启示
IF 5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14709
Siyuan He, Bojie Wang

人类活动与生物多样性价值之间的冲突会影响保护区的保护功效。解决这些冲突需要与保护相适应的生计,例如通过生态农业。在此,我们建立了一个全面的社会心理框架,以探索和理解中国武夷山国家公园农民在茶叶管理中采用生态农业方法的意图。我们扩展了计划行为理论(TPB),将家庭生计资产(LAs)作为社会心理决策过程的物质前提。我们提出地理位置(GL)和生计策略(LS)是这种生态农业意向的调节因素。我们通过结构化访谈收集了 369 个有效的家庭样本。然后,我们使用偏最小二乘法-结构方程(PLS-SEM)模型探讨了影响茶农农业生态意向的决定因素。生计资产是影响采用生态农业意向的物质基础,同时也通过三个心理建构因素的中介作用而生效。感知行为控制解释了最大比例的意向变异,并发挥了最显著的中介效应。主观规范是另一个重要的独立预测因子,对感知行为控制和态度都产生了积极影响。态度对意向的直接影响和中介影响较弱,但表明农民的生态理性大于价值理性。以经营规模和生计多样性衡量的生计策略能够调节农民的心理。主观规范对感知行为控制和态度的影响呈正向显著性,表明对农民的社会支持增强了他们对采用生态农业的控制感,重要的参照群体作为信息来源有助于农民态度的形成。感知行为控制对农民的态度也有积极和显著的影响。综述与应用。我们的研究结果证明,有必要优化农村农民的生计资产,以增强他们对生态农业的信心和控制力。通过生态农业解决保护区内保护与发展的两难问题应着眼于尊重生物文化和提高农民能力的全面支持。我们建议传统智慧与现代技术的知识共同生产,降低管理成本和风险,加强公园与民众之间的沟通,对不同生计策略的农民采取多样化的激励措施。
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引用次数: 0
A conceptual framework for measuring and improving the resilience of biosecurity systems 衡量和提高生物安保系统复原力的概念框架
IF 5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14707
Edith Arndt, Karen Schneider, Lucie Bland, Andrew Robinson, Anaïs Gibert, James Camac, Tom Kompas

具有复原力的系统可以从干扰中吸收和恢复,并适应变化的条件,以维持系统的功能。由于复原力的含义和所需属性的不确定性,限制了复原力思维在生物安保领域的应用。然而,考虑到贸易、旅行和气候变化带来的压力越来越大,提高生物安全系统的复原力对于减少病虫害对经济、社会和环境的影响可能至关重要。在此,我们提供了将抗灾能力思维纳入风险管理的途径。在文献综述的基础上,我们讨论了其益处,为生物安全系统的复原力制定了可操作的定义,并确定了支持复原力的基本属性。我们表明,具有复原力的生物安保系统能够预测干扰,应对低概率、高影响的事件,并适应新的和不断变化的环境。生物安保系统复原力的状况可通过评估标准来衡量,这些标准可为决策者提供整体绩效评级,并让他们深入了解系统的薄弱环节。一般措施、目标函数和模拟方法是量化生物安保系统实际复原力的潜在途径。政策影响:在生物安全风险管理中采用复原力思维有可能减少病虫害入侵造成的损失。如果在进行传统风险分析的同时采用复原力思维,那么监管机构就能更有效地应对高影响病虫害入侵和爆发的系统性后果,并为此做好准备。不过,提高抗灾能力措施的设计应遵循经济原则,并考虑这些措施随着时间推移的回报率。
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引用次数: 0
Supportive effect of uncut refuge strips on grassland arthropods may depends on the amount and width of strips 未砍伐的隔离带对草地节肢动物的支持作用可能取决于隔离带的数量和宽度
IF 5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14699
Kitti Révész, Attila Torma, Márton Szabó, Lili Korsoveczky, Nikolett Gallé-Szpisjak, Péter Batáry, Róbert Gallé

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引用次数: 0
Suppression of reed canarygrass by assisted succession: A sixteen-year restoration experiment 通过辅助演替抑制芦苇草:为期十六年的恢复实验
IF 5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14705
Kattia Palacio-Lopez, Stephen M. Hovick, Kali Z. Mattingly, Leah M. Weston, Nathaniel P. Hofford, Logan Finley, Aaron Tayal, James A. Reinartz

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引用次数: 0
Evaluating diversionary feeding as a method to resolve conservation conflicts in a recovering ecosystem 评估将分流饲养作为一种解决正在恢复的生态系统中保护冲突的方法
IF 5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14693
Jack A. Bamber, Kenny Kortland, Chris Sutherland, Ana Payo-Payo, Xavier Lambin

欧洲受保护的哺乳动物捕食者的恢复是一个成功的故事,但它们对一些受保护的猎物物种的影响可能会造成保护上的困境。这就需要采取有效的干预策略,在不影响捕食者恢复的情况下减轻捕食者的影响。我们评估了将转移喂食作为一种管理干预工具,以减少对苏格兰迅速衰退的西方胭脂鱼巢的掠食。我们通过一项具有代表性的重复性随机景观规模实验,研究了转移性喂食对人工巢穴命运的影响。该实验包括 30 个 "配对 "对照组(不进行分流饲喂)和处理组(进行分流饲喂),共 60 个地点,每个地点有 6 个人工巢,分布在 600 平方公里的范围内。实验在两年内重复进行,第二年,将对照组和处理组颠倒过来,得出 60 个处理点和 60 个对照点以及 720 个人工巢。转移喂食大大减少了人工巢的破坏,使孵化28天的预测巢存活率提高了82.5%。存活率提高的主要原因是巢的主要捕食者松貂吞食或贮藏鸟蛋的概率降低了。转移食物也大大减少了獾对巢的捕食,尽管这种影响的大小因年份而异。综述与应用。本研究表明,转移性喂食是一种易于使用的方法,可在不进行致命性(数量)干预的情况下减少捕食者的影响(功能性)。管理人员应立即将其应用于保护苏格兰的狍子。
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引用次数: 0
Field-realistic exposure to the novel insecticide flupyradifurone reduces reproductive output in a bumblebee (Bombus impatiens) 新型杀虫剂氟吡呋喃酮的野外实际暴露会降低大黄蜂的生殖产量
IF 5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14706
Leeah I. Richardson, Harry Siviter, Shalene Jha, Felicity Muth

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引用次数: 0
Seagrass recovery trajectories and recovery potential in relation to nutrient reduction 与减少养分有关的海草恢复轨迹和恢复潜力
IF 5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14704
Marieke M. van Katwijk, Justus E. E. van Beusekom, Eelke O. Folmer, Kerstin Kolbe, Dick J. de Jong, Tobias Dolch

全球各地都有关于海草恢复的报道,在这些地方,以前富营养化的水域营养物质变得不那么丰富。在欧洲瓦登海,河流营养负荷减少后发现了不同的恢复轨迹,即完全恢复、暂时恢复和不恢复。我们汇编了 1930-2020 年潮间带海草(Zostera noltei 和 Z. marina)的存在和富营养化数据,将海草的恢复轨迹和区域富营养化差异与河流营养负荷联系起来,并推断海草恢复的前景。海草在富营养化程度较低的北弗里斯兰地区完全恢复,其恢复轨迹与河流营养负荷的减少密切相关。相对海草面积(草甸面积/区域面积)从富营养化前的 10%下降到富营养化高峰期的 2%,在营养物质减少期间上升到 7%,随后又扩大到 13%。在富营养化程度较高的南部地区,海草没有恢复或只是暂时恢复。在南部四个地区中,只有两个地区(有限的)恢复前景良好,前提是河流营养负荷进一步减少约 40%(参考时间:2010-2017 年)。历史证据和栖息地适宜性模型的应用表明,南部地区潜在的相对海草面积较小:荷兰西部地区小于 0.2%,埃姆斯-翡翠地区最大为 2.4%。在一个大型海景(15,000 平方公里)中,富营养化程度最低的地区在减少营养物质后出现了海草恢复的现象。我们通过区域富营养化指标,将这种恢复所需的关键河流营养负荷转化为其他区域可持续恢复的负荷。只要有足够的历史数据,这一技术也适用于其他复杂系统。繁殖体溢出在种群规模上产生正反馈,从而加速恢复。因此,被占用的和潜在的海草栖息地(例如,根据过去记录的最大面积进行评估)是恢复的重要景观选择标准,尤其是在富营养化尚未充分缓解的情况下。
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引用次数: 0
Semi-natural habitat, but not aphid amount or continuity, predicts lady beetle abundance across agricultural landscapes 半自然栖息地(而非蚜虫数量或连续性)可预测农业景观中瓢虫的丰度
IF 5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14698
Benjamin Iuliano, Claudio Gratton, Tania N. Kim, Brian J. Spiesman

农田周围半自然栖息地的数量是天敌数量和捕食服务的一个常见但不一致的预测指标。标准的土地覆被指标可能无法准确捕捉天敌的限制性资源的实际可用性,并可能遗漏跨时空的重要动态变化。根据动物运动和景观生态学的理论预测,拥有更多连续时空资源(即食物和庇护所)的地区应该拥有更多的天敌种群,并能加强生物控制。在两个研究年度中,我们在 24 个 1.5 千米缓冲地带的 336 块农作物田(玉米、大豆、紫花苜蓿和小谷物)和邻近的半自然栖息地斑块(草地和林地)中的瓢虫和蚜虫取样,每次取样 4 到 7 个时间点,并在其中一年用哨兵卵卡评估捕食率。我们使用蚜虫计数来模拟特定生境的蚜虫物候,并据此计算出猎物数量和连续性的景观指数。虽然不同栖息地的蚜虫数量和发生时间有很大差异,但在这些景观中,半自然栖息地数量仍比蚜虫数量或连续性指数更好地预测瓢虫数量和哨兵卵捕食率。我们的研究结果证实了瓢虫与农业景观中的半自然栖息地之间的密切关系,同时也凸显了在实际景观中测量精细尺度资源异质性的复杂性。在农业景观中保留或增加林地和草地斑块可能会支持更多的瓢虫种群,并增强作物田中的捕食。我们的研究结果表明,这些栖息地对庇护所的重要性可能大于猎物的连续性,但这一机制还需要进一步研究。未来的工作应继续完善实验方法,以成功整合景观生态学和动物行为学,支持保护目标的实现。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Applied Ecology
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