Research Highlight discussing: Heinen, J.; Dominguez, V.; Aguilera, G.; Malsher, G.; Vesterinen, E.; Roslin, T.; Bommarco, R.; Bartomeus, I. (2024). Diversified cropping strengthens herbivore regulation by providing seasonal resource continuity to predators. Journal of Applied Ecology, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14674. Crop monocultures consist of homogenous agroecosystems highly dependent on pesticides for pest regulation and mineral fertilisation for maintaining plant nutrition, representing the least resilient system. Agricultural diversification practices can increase heterogeneity in agroecosystems, resulting in greater richness of arthropod predators and enhanced ecological services. Among natural enemies of pests, generalist predators are important for pest regulation as they prey on diverse arthropod pests and be present throughout the season. However, since they consume other predators (intraguild predation) and soil fauna, it is uncertain whether enhanced richness of generalist predators translates into improved pest regulation. The study by Heinen et al. examined how diversified crop rotation and organic fertilisation influenced predator–prey interactions throughout the cropping cycle in cereal fields. The predators' diet preference shifted over the growing season, indicating that soil fauna is an important resource for recruitment and maintenance of predators early in the season. Although intraguild predation was considerably high, it decreased across the season in fields with the greatest level of diversification, where predation of pests remained stable. This study demonstrated how diversified cropping is important for providing resource continuity with alternative prey (soil fauna and predators) over crop-growing season, enhancing predator richness and herbivore regulation.
{"title":"Beyond predator richness: How diversified cropping can enhance pest regulation","authors":"Maria Fernanda G. V. Peñaflor","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.14719","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1365-2664.14719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Research Highlight discussing</b>: Heinen, J.; Dominguez, V.; Aguilera, G.; Malsher, G.; Vesterinen, E.; Roslin, T.; Bommarco, R.; Bartomeus, I. (2024). Diversified cropping strengthens herbivore regulation by providing seasonal resource continuity to predators. <i>Journal of Applied Ecology</i>, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14674. Crop monocultures consist of homogenous agroecosystems highly dependent on pesticides for pest regulation and mineral fertilisation for maintaining plant nutrition, representing the least resilient system. Agricultural diversification practices can increase heterogeneity in agroecosystems, resulting in greater richness of arthropod predators and enhanced ecological services. Among natural enemies of pests, generalist predators are important for pest regulation as they prey on diverse arthropod pests and be present throughout the season. However, since they consume other predators (intraguild predation) and soil fauna, it is uncertain whether enhanced richness of generalist predators translates into improved pest regulation. The study by Heinen et al. examined how diversified crop rotation and organic fertilisation influenced predator–prey interactions throughout the cropping cycle in cereal fields. The predators' diet preference shifted over the growing season, indicating that soil fauna is an important resource for recruitment and maintenance of predators early in the season. Although intraguild predation was considerably high, it decreased across the season in fields with the greatest level of diversification, where predation of pests remained stable. This study demonstrated how diversified cropping is important for providing resource continuity with alternative prey (soil fauna and predators) over crop-growing season, enhancing predator richness and herbivore regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15016,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Ecology","volume":"61 8","pages":"1746-1748"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141572428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reduced count size can provide a robust and more efficient diatom assessment of environmental conditions","authors":"Luisa Riato, John L. Stoddard, Alan T. Herlihy, Karen A. Blocksom","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.14715","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1365-2664.14715","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":15016,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Ecology","volume":"61 9","pages":"2308-2320"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141550575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoyu Shi, Changsheng Ma, Joop de Kraker, Shanxing Gong, Jenny A. Hodgson, Shudong Luo, Jozef J. M. van der Steen, Haijun Xiao, Fang Wang, Xiaowei Tie, Zheng Chen, Yi Zou
{"title":"Influence of agricultural intensification on pollinator pesticide exposure, food acquisition and diversity","authors":"Xiaoyu Shi, Changsheng Ma, Joop de Kraker, Shanxing Gong, Jenny A. Hodgson, Shudong Luo, Jozef J. M. van der Steen, Haijun Xiao, Fang Wang, Xiaowei Tie, Zheng Chen, Yi Zou","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.14701","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1365-2664.14701","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":15016,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Ecology","volume":"61 8","pages":"1905-1917"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141550574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Migration of humans fleeing conflict in the Lake Chad region may increase pressures on natural resources in Lake Fitri (Chad): A case study on waterbirds","authors":"Nicolas Carenton, Pierre Defos du Rau, Abakar Saleh Wachoum, Delphine Ducros, Marie Suet, Clémence Deschamps, Maxime Rotoudjimbaye Betoloum, Julien Birard, M' Baïti Narcisse Djimasngar, Yves Kayser, Ib Krag Petersen, Jaime Dias, Mahamat Adoum Wachoum, Bruno Portier, Audrey Mbagogo Koumbraït, Sébastien Le Bel, Jean-Yves Mondain-Monval","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.14700","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1365-2664.14700","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":15016,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Ecology","volume":"61 9","pages":"2231-2243"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1365-2664.14700","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141550457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sophie Jane Tudge, Richard Murphy, Zoe M. Harris, Adriana De Palma
To combat climate change, bioenergy is expected to play a more substantial role in the global energy mix, necessitating the expansion of energy crop plantations during the 21st century. Low‐quality or abandoned agricultural land is commonly proposed for growing energy crops. However, restoring such agricultural land back to natural vegetation is also key for global biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration. Thus, understanding the ecological implications of land‐use changes involving both energy crop plantations and restoration is required.Here, we use biodiversity data to calculate the Biodiversity Intactness Index (BII) in different land uses, including energy crop plantations. We combine our BII models with maps of land use, crop yields and priority areas for restoration to estimate the effects on BII of changes in land use, from the current day, due to bioenergy expansion. We then compare the effects on BII of replacing either any land with energy crops, or only existing agricultural land that is a priority for restoration. Finally, we contrast the effects on BII of planting energy crops versus restoring natural vegetation in priority areas for restoration.Planting energy crops in places with relatively high amounts of natural vegetation and high BII would substantially reduce BII.Planting energy crops only on existing agricultural land that is a priority for restoration would result in less negative effects on BII than planting such crops in high BII areas, and small increases in BII in places with less remaining natural vegetation. However, restoring natural vegetation in priority areas, rather than expanding energy crops, would result in better outcomes for BII.Contrasting the spatial effects on BII of planting energy crops compared with restoring natural vegetation highlights places where energy crops could be the least detrimental to BII, such as Central Europe and the east coasts of the USA and China.Synthesis and applications. While restoration is the best strategy for biodiversity, planting energy crops on agricultural land rather than replacing natural vegetation could minimise losses in biodiversity intactness. However, achieving targets for bioenergy, climate change and restoration will require strategic land‐use planning to minimise ecological compromises.
{"title":"Balancing bioenergy expansion and restoration: Global shifts in biodiversity intactness","authors":"Sophie Jane Tudge, Richard Murphy, Zoe M. Harris, Adriana De Palma","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.14695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14695","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>To combat climate change, bioenergy is expected to play a more substantial role in the global energy mix, necessitating the expansion of energy crop plantations during the 21st century. Low‐quality or abandoned agricultural land is commonly proposed for growing energy crops. However, restoring such agricultural land back to natural vegetation is also key for global biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration. Thus, understanding the ecological implications of land‐use changes involving both energy crop plantations and restoration is required.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Here, we use biodiversity data to calculate the Biodiversity Intactness Index (BII) in different land uses, including energy crop plantations. We combine our BII models with maps of land use, crop yields and priority areas for restoration to estimate the effects on BII of changes in land use, from the current day, due to bioenergy expansion. We then compare the effects on BII of replacing either any land with energy crops, or only existing agricultural land that is a priority for restoration. Finally, we contrast the effects on BII of planting energy crops versus restoring natural vegetation in priority areas for restoration.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Planting energy crops in places with relatively high amounts of natural vegetation and high BII would substantially reduce BII.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Planting energy crops only on existing agricultural land that is a priority for restoration would result in less negative effects on BII than planting such crops in high BII areas, and small increases in BII in places with less remaining natural vegetation. However, restoring natural vegetation in priority areas, rather than expanding energy crops, would result in better outcomes for BII.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Contrasting the spatial effects on BII of planting energy crops compared with restoring natural vegetation highlights places where energy crops could be the least detrimental to BII, such as Central Europe and the east coasts of the USA and China.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:italic>Synthesis and applications</jats:italic>. While restoration is the best strategy for biodiversity, planting energy crops on agricultural land rather than replacing natural vegetation could minimise losses in biodiversity intactness. However, achieving targets for bioenergy, climate change and restoration will require strategic land‐use planning to minimise ecological compromises.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":15016,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
鲑鱼养殖场的海虱（Lepeophtheirus salmonis）侵扰是否以及在多大程度上影响野生大西洋鲑鱼的生存，这个问题一直受到科学界的争论和政治界的争议。记录海虱对野生鲑鱼的种群水平影响本身仍具有挑战性。我们利用挪威全面的海虱数据和休闲渔获量数据，评估养殖场海虱侵扰对不同产区（PA）野生鲑鱼渔获量的影响。我们的分析发现，野生大西洋鲑鱼产量的下降与每平方公里成年雌性海虱数量的增加之间存在明显的相关性。这种影响在挪威西海岸的第4生产区最为明显，该地区属于政府的 "红绿灯 "管理系统范围，在这里，外迁的大马哈鱼幼鱼被认为面临着由虱子引起的高死亡风险。根据我们的模型预测，在某些产区，当海虱总量超过平均每条养殖鱼0.1只成年雌性海虱的上限时，渔获量将低于平均水平。此外，我们的结果表明，当鲑鱼养殖场超过这一限制时，低于平均渔获量的风险会增加约 47%（估计风险比为 1.47，95% CI [1.10, 1.96]）。综述与应用：我们的研究扩展了现有的证据体系，这些证据表明鱼类养殖与野生鲑鱼种群提供的生态系统服务之间存在负相关。这对水产养殖管理具有重要意义。首先，它表明养殖场海虱直接影响到依赖野生鲑鱼种群生存的人民、权利人和利益集团，如土地所有者和垂钓者。其次，研究表明，0.1 的海虱限制可能不足以防止某些地区的渔获量低于标准。此外，在允许养殖鲑鱼生物量进一步增长的背景下，为整个产区设定绝对海虱限额可能比为每条养殖鱼设定平均海虱限额更有效。我们的研究结果有助于为在养殖场和区域范围内设定适当的虱子限额提供科学依据。
{"title":"Negative association of sea lice from fish farms on recreational fishing catches of Atlantic salmon","authors":"Mari Lie Larsen, Irja Vormedal, Knut W. Vollset","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.14712","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1365-2664.14712","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":15016,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Ecology","volume":"61 8","pages":"1772-1783"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1365-2664.14712","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"England's statutory biodiversity metric enhances plant, but not bird nor butterfly, biodiversity","authors":"Cicely A. M. Marshall, Kristian Wade, Isla S. Kendall, Hannah Porcher, Jakob Poffley, Andrew J. Bladon, Lynn V. Dicks, Jo Treweek","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.14697","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1365-2664.14697","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":15016,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Ecology","volume":"61 8","pages":"1918-1931"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1365-2664.14697","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How does geology influence the effect of land use on stream macroinvertebrate communities?","authors":"Harriet A. Hunter, Ian C. Fuller, Russell G. Death","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.14703","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1365-2664.14703","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":15016,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Ecology","volume":"61 8","pages":"1761-1771"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141504730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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