Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1700
Luis Palacios, G. González, O. Ovalle-Encinia, E. Lima, E. Ramírez-Meneses, H. Pfeiffer
Lithium cuprate (Li2CuO2) is being used for a wide range of applications due to its high lithium diffusion through the layer structure. Moreover, Li2+2xCu1-xO2-x non-stoichiometric material shows enhanced physicochemical properties. Therefore, lithium location understanding is highly important for lithium cuprate applications. This paper reports the structural coherence analysis, local and long atomic arrangement of Li2+2xCu1-xO2-x using X-ray diffraction (XRD), pair distribution function (PDF) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Li2CuO2, containing different excess quantities of lithium (from 0 to 60 at%), were synthesized by solid-state reaction. The synthesized ceramics presented nonstoichiometric structures, with Li2CuO2 type-structure. Two structural models were proposed to explain the high enhancement physicochemical properties of these ceramics; (i) the extra lithium atoms substitute copper sites, and (ii) lithium species occupy interstitial sites in the crystalline structure. Additionally, further thermal treatments rearrange the non-stoichiometric crystalline structures into the stable Li2CuO2 phase.
{"title":"Structural analysis of non-stoichiometric lithium cuprates, Li2+2xCu1-2xO2-x. Effects of lithium content and thermal treatments","authors":"Luis Palacios, G. González, O. Ovalle-Encinia, E. Lima, E. Ramírez-Meneses, H. Pfeiffer","doi":"10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1700","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium cuprate (Li2CuO2) is being used for a wide range of applications due to its high lithium diffusion through the layer structure. Moreover, Li2+2xCu1-xO2-x non-stoichiometric material shows enhanced physicochemical properties. Therefore, lithium location understanding is highly important for lithium cuprate applications. This paper reports the structural coherence analysis, local and long atomic arrangement of Li2+2xCu1-xO2-x using X-ray diffraction (XRD), pair distribution function (PDF) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Li2CuO2, containing different excess quantities of lithium (from 0 to 60 at%), were synthesized by solid-state reaction. The synthesized ceramics presented nonstoichiometric structures, with Li2CuO2 type-structure. Two structural models were proposed to explain the high enhancement physicochemical properties of these ceramics; (i) the extra lithium atoms substitute copper sites, and (ii) lithium species occupy interstitial sites in the crystalline structure. Additionally, further thermal treatments rearrange the non-stoichiometric crystalline structures into the stable Li2CuO2 phase.","PeriodicalId":15073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48141943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1904
S. Kaleg, S. Sudirja, A. C. Budiman, Amin Amin, A. Muharam, A. Hapid, K. Diharjo, D. Ariawan
A battery box made of polymer material must consider mechanical strengthand flame retardancy. One solution to increase the flame retardancy of polymers is toadd a flame retardant filler. However, sometimes adding a flame retardant filler cancause degradation of mechanical strength compared to neat polymers. The combinationof more than one type of filler or hybrid fillers can produce the optimal combination offlame retardancy and mechanical strength. An experimental study was carried out tocharacterize several composite polymer samples of unsaturated polyester (UP) resincombined with fillers of aluminum tri-hydroxide (ATH) to increase flame retardancyand short glass fiber (G) to improve mechanical strength. The DSC results show thatthe maximum endothermic of all samples occurred at a temperature of around 70 ºC.The TGA results prove that ATH and G can maintain the thermal stability of UP so thatthe composite samples were degraded at higher temperatures by reducing the rate ofweight degradation due to a temperature of around 0.1%/ºC. The burning test alsoshows that samples with ATH and G have a lower burning rate value than neat UP. Formechanical characterization, the tensile strength of the samples with ATH and G waslower than that of neat UP. However, UP/ATH/G2 showed an optimal compositioncompared to other filler compositions with a tensile strength of 41.5 MPa. This samplealso produces an optimal bending strength of 68.9 MPa and even higher than neat UP.These results were confirmed by SEM observations, in which filler G was exfoliated inthe UP. The broken G particles on the fracture surface observation prove the goodinterlock bonding between UP and G, which contributes to increasing the mechanicalstrength of the UP composite.
{"title":"Unsaturated Polyester Resin/Aluminum Tri-hydroxide Added with Short Glass Fiber for Battery Box","authors":"S. Kaleg, S. Sudirja, A. C. Budiman, Amin Amin, A. Muharam, A. Hapid, K. Diharjo, D. Ariawan","doi":"10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1904","url":null,"abstract":"A battery box made of polymer material must consider mechanical strengthand flame retardancy. One solution to increase the flame retardancy of polymers is toadd a flame retardant filler. However, sometimes adding a flame retardant filler cancause degradation of mechanical strength compared to neat polymers. The combinationof more than one type of filler or hybrid fillers can produce the optimal combination offlame retardancy and mechanical strength. An experimental study was carried out tocharacterize several composite polymer samples of unsaturated polyester (UP) resincombined with fillers of aluminum tri-hydroxide (ATH) to increase flame retardancyand short glass fiber (G) to improve mechanical strength. The DSC results show thatthe maximum endothermic of all samples occurred at a temperature of around 70 ºC.The TGA results prove that ATH and G can maintain the thermal stability of UP so thatthe composite samples were degraded at higher temperatures by reducing the rate ofweight degradation due to a temperature of around 0.1%/ºC. The burning test alsoshows that samples with ATH and G have a lower burning rate value than neat UP. Formechanical characterization, the tensile strength of the samples with ATH and G waslower than that of neat UP. However, UP/ATH/G2 showed an optimal compositioncompared to other filler compositions with a tensile strength of 41.5 MPa. This samplealso produces an optimal bending strength of 68.9 MPa and even higher than neat UP.These results were confirmed by SEM observations, in which filler G was exfoliated inthe UP. The broken G particles on the fracture surface observation prove the goodinterlock bonding between UP and G, which contributes to increasing the mechanicalstrength of the UP composite.","PeriodicalId":15073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44419959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, chaotic sequences with good auto-correlation properties are presented. The studied sequences are synthesized by means of the logistic map function and, been chaotic but fully deterministic, become a good alternative for well-known sequences, for example the Zadoff-Chu sequences, especially for small size sequences commonly used for frame synchronization purposes in digital communications systems. A new auto-correlation goodness metric is proposed, and it is employed as objective function in order to maximize the correlation goodness for short synchronization sequences synthesized by means the logistic map function.
{"title":"Chaotic logistic map sequences with good auto-correlation properties","authors":"Gerardo Laguna-Sanchez, Daniela Aguirre-Guerrero, Ismael Ariel Robles-Martinez","doi":"10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1786","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, chaotic sequences with good auto-correlation properties are presented. The studied sequences are synthesized by means of the logistic map function and, been chaotic but fully deterministic, become a good alternative for well-known sequences, for example the Zadoff-Chu sequences, especially for small size sequences commonly used for frame synchronization purposes in digital communications systems. A new auto-correlation goodness metric is proposed, and it is employed as objective function in order to maximize the correlation goodness for short synchronization sequences synthesized by means the logistic map function.","PeriodicalId":15073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research and Technology","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135503044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1757
Safa M. Aldarabseh, P. Merati
This paper discusses an intermediate water gravity wavelength and wave height measurement method. Three methods were used to obtain wave height, wavelength, and period. Firstly, conventional methods used two Honeywell pressure sensors mounted at the bottom of the wave tank at two different locations. Secondly, using the transfer function of the flap wavemaker (the relationship between wave height and the wave paddle stroke). Thirdly, the Laser Sheet technique (PIV image processing technique). The significant wave height and period from pressure reading sensors of regular gravity waves were obtained from the Raleigh distribution and Zero up crossing technique. Wavelength was obtained indirectly by using a dispersion relationship that was solved by using the Newton Raphson numerical method from both the pressure sensors and the transfer function of the flap wavemaker. This experiment was focused on getting the direct value of wave measurements by developing an image processing technique in a clear large wave flume tank to replace the conventional methods and eliminate the error that may produce by using the numerical methods. The PIV setup with the CCD camera was used to capture wave images. The image processing technique based on Canny edge detection with constant threshold value was used to detect the edge of the waves. The experimental result showed a good agreement between the results obtained from these three methods, with the percent of error up to 8.683%.
{"title":"An intermediate water gravity wavelength and wave height measurement inside a large wave flume tank","authors":"Safa M. Aldarabseh, P. Merati","doi":"10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1757","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses an intermediate water gravity wavelength and wave height measurement method. Three methods were used to obtain wave height, wavelength, and period. Firstly, conventional methods used two Honeywell pressure sensors mounted at the bottom of the wave tank at two different locations. Secondly, using the transfer function of the flap wavemaker (the relationship between wave height and the wave paddle stroke). Thirdly, the Laser Sheet technique (PIV image processing technique). The significant wave height and period from pressure reading sensors of regular gravity waves were obtained from the Raleigh distribution and Zero up crossing technique. Wavelength was obtained indirectly by using a dispersion relationship that was solved by using the Newton Raphson numerical method from both the pressure sensors and the transfer function of the flap wavemaker. This experiment was focused on getting the direct value of wave measurements by developing an image processing technique in a clear large wave flume tank to replace the conventional methods and eliminate the error that may produce by using the numerical methods. The PIV setup with the CCD camera was used to capture wave images. The image processing technique based on Canny edge detection with constant threshold value was used to detect the edge of the waves. The experimental result showed a good agreement between the results obtained from these three methods, with the percent of error up to 8.683%.","PeriodicalId":15073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49667886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1844
Tamilselvan Thangaraju, O. P. Sharma
Diabetes mellitus patients are at an increased risk of cardiovascular illness, and cardiovascular complications are the primary cause of morbidity. Diabetes is linked to both morbidity and mortality. Type-2 Diabetes causes a prothrombotic state that leads to acute coronary syndromes by causing endothelial damage and lowering antiaggregant factors like nitric oxide and prostacyclin, as well as increasing thrombotic substances like fibrinogen and factor VII, and suppressing fibrinolysis with factors like plasminogen activator inhibitors. The accurate identification and diagnosis of CVD (Cardio Vascular Disease) is dependent on the correct detection of the ECG signal from the heart. The ECG signal is extremely important in the early detection of cardiac problems. The ECG signal of diabetic individuals offers vital information about the heart and is one of the most important diagnostic tools used by doctors to identify cardiovascular disorders. The time gap between two consecutive QRS complexes appearing contiguous in an ECG is known as heart rate. The most appealing feature is that HRV (Heart Rate Variability) measurement is non-invasive and repeatable. A number of machine learning techniques have been proposed for the non-invasive automated identification of diabetes. This paper discusses innovative methods for analyzing electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in order to extract important diagnostic information. The ECG signal is first treated using a dual tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT-SG) with threshold method. Subsequently, the features are extracted from detailed coefficients of DTCWT-SG filter, Eigen vectors by minimum normalization method and Rajan Transform. Main key features are extracted using these three methods. These features are classified and analyzed by different machine learning classifiers. The proposed approach was tested on DICARDIA, MIT-BIH and Physionet database and the performance analysis shows that the hybrid Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) (LSTM+GRU Gated Recurrent Units) achieves better prediction of 98.8% compared to state of art techniques.
{"title":"Hybird RNN based feature extraction for early prediction of CVDs using ECG Signals for type 2 diabetic patients","authors":"Tamilselvan Thangaraju, O. P. Sharma","doi":"10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1844","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus patients are at an increased risk of cardiovascular illness, and cardiovascular complications are the primary cause of morbidity. Diabetes is linked to both morbidity and mortality. Type-2 Diabetes causes a prothrombotic state that leads to acute coronary syndromes by causing endothelial damage and lowering antiaggregant factors like nitric oxide and prostacyclin, as well as increasing thrombotic substances like fibrinogen and factor VII, and suppressing fibrinolysis with factors like plasminogen activator inhibitors. The accurate identification and diagnosis of CVD (Cardio Vascular Disease) is dependent on the correct detection of the ECG signal from the heart. The ECG signal is extremely important in the early detection of cardiac problems. The ECG signal of diabetic individuals offers vital information about the heart and is one of the most important diagnostic tools used by doctors to identify cardiovascular disorders. The time gap between two consecutive QRS complexes appearing contiguous in an ECG is known as heart rate. The most appealing feature is that HRV (Heart Rate Variability) measurement is non-invasive and repeatable. A number of machine learning techniques have been proposed for the non-invasive automated identification of diabetes. This paper discusses innovative methods for analyzing electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in order to extract important diagnostic information. The ECG signal is first treated using a dual tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT-SG) with threshold method. Subsequently, the features are extracted from detailed coefficients of DTCWT-SG filter, Eigen vectors by minimum normalization method and Rajan Transform. Main key features are extracted using these three methods. These features are classified and analyzed by different machine learning classifiers. The proposed approach was tested on DICARDIA, MIT-BIH and Physionet database and the performance analysis shows that the hybrid Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) (LSTM+GRU Gated Recurrent Units) achieves better prediction of 98.8% compared to state of art techniques.","PeriodicalId":15073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42185961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1903
C. O. García-Sifuentes, Beatriz Guadalupe González-González, H. Santacruz-Ortega, F. Brown‐Bojorquez, Rosa Elena Navarro-Gautrín, Rocío Sugich-Miranda, E. Carvajal‐Millan
The properties of hydroxyapatite (HAp) obtained from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) bones and its potential use as a dye adsorbent using methyl orange (MO) as a model dye were evaluated. HAp was produced by the calcination of dried tilapia bones at 900 °C for 4 h. Then, HAp was characterized using thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric (dTG) analyses, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), among others. The HAp obtained was used for MO dye adsorption in a batch process. The yield of HAp was 51.6%. FTIR showed characteristic bands of functional groups of HAp [OH- and (PO4)3-]. FESEM images showed HAp with different morphologies and a porous surface. The EDS analysis indicated the presence of calcium and phosphorus with an atomic ratio of Ca/P of 1.60, TEM images revealed the formation of agglomerates and an average particle size of 655.1 nm. HAp and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) phases were identified through XRD. The HAp point of zero charge (pHpzc) was 9.7 indicating a possible adsorption of anionic dyes at pH< pHpzc and cationic dyes at pH> pHpzc. The HAp was able to successfully adsorb 82.6% of MO dye from aqueous solution. These findings demonstrated that the HAp obtained from tilapia (O. niloticus) bones possesses suitable properties to be used as a potential material to remove dyes.
{"title":"Properties of hydroxyapatite from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) bones: An approach towards its potential use as a dye adsorbent","authors":"C. O. García-Sifuentes, Beatriz Guadalupe González-González, H. Santacruz-Ortega, F. Brown‐Bojorquez, Rosa Elena Navarro-Gautrín, Rocío Sugich-Miranda, E. Carvajal‐Millan","doi":"10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1903","url":null,"abstract":"The properties of hydroxyapatite (HAp) obtained from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) bones and its potential use as a dye adsorbent using methyl orange (MO) as a model dye were evaluated. HAp was produced by the calcination of dried tilapia bones at 900 °C for 4 h. Then, HAp was characterized using thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric (dTG) analyses, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), among others. The HAp obtained was used for MO dye adsorption in a batch process. The yield of HAp was 51.6%. FTIR showed characteristic bands of functional groups of HAp [OH- and (PO4)3-]. FESEM images showed HAp with different morphologies and a porous surface. The EDS analysis indicated the presence of calcium and phosphorus with an atomic ratio of Ca/P of 1.60, TEM images revealed the formation of agglomerates and an average particle size of 655.1 nm. HAp and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) phases were identified through XRD. The HAp point of zero charge (pHpzc) was 9.7 indicating a possible adsorption of anionic dyes at pH< pHpzc and cationic dyes at pH> pHpzc. The HAp was able to successfully adsorb 82.6% of MO dye from aqueous solution. These findings demonstrated that the HAp obtained from tilapia (O. niloticus) bones possesses suitable properties to be used as a potential material to remove dyes.","PeriodicalId":15073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48963894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1846
Hoang-Sy Nguyen, Hoang-Phuong Van
Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) has been utilized widely in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to design systems that can sustain themselves by harvesting energy from the surrounding areas. In this study, we investigated the performance of the so-called low-power energy harvesting (LPEH) WSN. Being different from other studies, we equipped each relay with a battery whose characteristics were described by an on/off (1/0) decision scheme as per the Markov property. In this context, an optimal loop interference relay selection (OPLIRS) was proposed and investigated. Moreover, the crucial role of the log-normal distribution method in characterizing the LPEH WSN’s constraints was proven and emphasized. The system performance was evaluated in terms of the overall ergodic outage probability (OP) both analytically and numerically with Monte Carlo simulation. Readers can refer to this paper for guidelines on defining the networks’ constraints, analytically derivating the problems, or use the presented results for possible comparison studies.
{"title":"Performance analysis on the low-power energy harvesting wireless sensor networks with a novel relay selection scheme","authors":"Hoang-Sy Nguyen, Hoang-Phuong Van","doi":"10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1846","url":null,"abstract":"Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) has been utilized widely in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to design systems that can sustain themselves by harvesting energy from the surrounding areas. In this study, we investigated the performance of the so-called low-power energy harvesting (LPEH) WSN. Being different from other studies, we equipped each relay with a battery whose characteristics were described by an on/off (1/0) decision scheme as per the Markov property. In this context, an optimal loop interference relay selection (OPLIRS) was proposed and investigated. Moreover, the crucial role of the log-normal distribution method in characterizing the LPEH WSN’s constraints was proven and emphasized. The system performance was evaluated in terms of the overall ergodic outage probability (OP) both analytically and numerically with Monte Carlo simulation. Readers can refer to this paper for guidelines on defining the networks’ constraints, analytically derivating the problems, or use the presented results for possible comparison studies.","PeriodicalId":15073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46886462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1814
O. Carvajal-Zarrabal, Samantha Ling Chee Siong, M. Abdullah, Y. Tan, Esaki Shoji, M. Morales-Mora, J. Carrillo-Ahumada, C. Nolasco-Hipólito
Sago starch is extracted from the stems of the sago palm, Metroxylon sagu, in south-east Asia. Sago starch processing generates approximately 20 tons of starch containing effluents that can be recovered and marketed to sustain a small-scale industry. Tangential flow filtration (TFF) using microfiltration membranes (MFM) has been demonstrated as an effective method for separating suspended solids in biological effluents. When TFF was applied to concentrate sago starch suspensions (SSS), membrane permeability and lifecycle were impacted due to frequent fouling. This study evaluated cleaning methods to recover the permeability and extend the lifecycle of MFM following TFF application. Polysulfone membrane filter cassettes of pore size 0.45 µm and surface area 0.1 m2 were each used to separate starch in 100 L of SSS. Following separation, six chemical and physical cleaning methods were tested at laboratory-scale and the degree of cleaning was measured by normalized permeate flux (NPF) and normalized water permeability (NWP). The results showed that soaking the membranes in a 0.2 M NaOH solution (up to 91%, (p<0.05) within the shortest time of 72 h, (p<0.05) was the best cleaning method. The procedure has been utilized to maintain and extend the lifecycle of the MFM for streams containing starch suspensions.
{"title":"Recovery of Membrane Permeability after Filtration of Sago Starch Suspension by Tangential Flow Filtration","authors":"O. Carvajal-Zarrabal, Samantha Ling Chee Siong, M. Abdullah, Y. Tan, Esaki Shoji, M. Morales-Mora, J. Carrillo-Ahumada, C. Nolasco-Hipólito","doi":"10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1814","url":null,"abstract":"Sago starch is extracted from the stems of the sago palm, Metroxylon sagu, in south-east Asia. Sago starch processing generates approximately 20 tons of starch containing effluents that can be recovered and marketed to sustain a small-scale industry. Tangential flow filtration (TFF) using microfiltration membranes (MFM) has been demonstrated as an effective method for separating suspended solids in biological effluents. When TFF was applied to concentrate sago starch suspensions (SSS), membrane permeability and lifecycle were impacted due to frequent fouling. This study evaluated cleaning methods to recover the permeability and extend the lifecycle of MFM following TFF application. Polysulfone membrane filter cassettes of pore size 0.45 µm and surface area 0.1 m2 were each used to separate starch in 100 L of SSS. Following separation, six chemical and physical cleaning methods were tested at laboratory-scale and the degree of cleaning was measured by normalized permeate flux (NPF) and normalized water permeability (NWP). The results showed that soaking the membranes in a 0.2 M NaOH solution (up to 91%, (p<0.05) within the shortest time of 72 h, (p<0.05) was the best cleaning method. The procedure has been utilized to maintain and extend the lifecycle of the MFM for streams containing starch suspensions.","PeriodicalId":15073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49395941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1764
Kleinner Farias, Luan Lazzari
Event-driven architecture has been widely adopted in the software industry, emerging as an alternative to the development of enterprise applications based on REST architectural style. However, little is known about the effects of event-driven architecture on modularity while enterprise applications evolve. Consequently, practitioners end up adopting it without any empirical evidence about its impacts on essential indicators, including separation of concerns, coupling, cohesion, complexity, and size. This article, therefore, reports an exploratory study comparing event-driven architecture and REST style in terms of modularity. A realistic application was developed using an event-driven architecture and REST through ve evolution scenarios. In each scenario, a feature was added. The generated versions were compared using ten metrics. The initial results suggest that the event-driven architecture improved the separation of concerns, but was outperformed considering the metrics of coupling, cohesion, complexity and size. The findings are encouraging and can be seen as a first step in a more ambitious agenda to empirically evaluate the bene ts of event-driven architecture against the REST architectural style.
{"title":"Event-driven Architecture and REST Architectural Style: An Exploratory Study on Modularity","authors":"Kleinner Farias, Luan Lazzari","doi":"10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1764","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Event-driven architecture has been widely adopted in the software industry, emerging as an alternative to the development of enterprise applications based on REST architectural style. However, little is known about the effects of event-driven architecture on modularity while enterprise applications evolve. Consequently, practitioners end up adopting it without any empirical evidence about its impacts on essential indicators, including separation of concerns, coupling, cohesion, complexity, and size. This article, therefore, reports an exploratory study comparing event-driven architecture and REST style in terms of modularity. A realistic application was developed using an event-driven architecture and REST through ve evolution scenarios. In each scenario, a feature was added. The generated versions were compared using ten metrics. The initial results suggest that the event-driven architecture improved the separation of concerns, but was outperformed considering the metrics of coupling, cohesion, complexity and size. The findings are encouraging and can be seen as a first step in a more ambitious agenda to empirically evaluate the bene ts of event-driven architecture against the REST architectural style. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":15073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46024038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1787
Bilal Saoud
Complex networks have in generally communities. These communities are very important. Network’s communities represent sets of nodes, which are very connected. In this research, we developed a new method to find the community structure in networks. Our method is based on flower pollination algorithm (FPA) witch is used in the splitting process. The splitting of networks in our method maximizes a function of quality called modularity. We provide a general framework for implementing our new method to find community structure in networks. We present the effectiveness of our method by comparison with some known methods on computer-generated and real-world networks.
{"title":"A nature-inspired algorithm to find community structure in complex networks","authors":"Bilal Saoud","doi":"10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1787","url":null,"abstract":"Complex networks have in generally communities. These communities are very important. Network’s communities represent sets of nodes, which are very connected. In this research, we developed a new method to find the community structure in networks. Our method is based on flower pollination algorithm (FPA) witch is used in the splitting process. The splitting of networks in our method maximizes a function of quality called modularity. We provide a general framework for implementing our new method to find community structure in networks. We present the effectiveness of our method by comparison with some known methods on computer-generated and real-world networks.","PeriodicalId":15073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46258381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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