Dada C. A., Kayode J., Arowosegbe S., Olaniyi T. A.
The impact of nutrient sources cannot be over emphasised in plant growth. Seedlings of Annona muricata were subjected to organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers and fertilizer-free treatmentsin this study. The organic fertilizers comprises of cow dung, poultry manure and water hyacinth, while NPK fertilizer was used as the inorganic manure and Top soil without fertilizer application was used as the control. The organic fertilizers were singly used and mixed at the rate of 100kg/ha and 200kg/ha while the inorganic fertilizer was used at the rate 100kg/ha and 200kg/ha. The parameters taken were plant height, stem girth, leaf area and leaf production. Results obtained showed that poultry manure produced the tallest plants (23.50cm) at 3months after transplanting though this was not significantly different from those of cow dung manure (23.00cm). NPK fertilizer produced the plant with highest leaf area (32.75cm) and stem girth (2.25cm) at 3 months after transplanting and was not significantly different from the organic fertilizers (Poultry manure 200g/ha, Cow dung 200g/ha, Water hyacinth 100g/ha and 200g/ha). NPK fertilizer also produced the highest number of leaves at the end of the three month assessment (31.00cm). All the growth parameters observed showed that the control experiment gave the least performance. The results obtained tend to suggest that the use of NPK fertilizer should be recommended for growing Annona muricata and improvement of the soil nutrients level.
{"title":"Effect of Various Nutrient Sources on Seedling Growth of Annona Muricata Linn.","authors":"Dada C. A., Kayode J., Arowosegbe S., Olaniyi T. A.","doi":"10.32861/jbr.57.57.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/jbr.57.57.63","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of nutrient sources cannot be over emphasised in plant growth. Seedlings of Annona muricata were subjected to organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers and fertilizer-free treatmentsin this study. The organic fertilizers comprises of cow dung, poultry manure and water hyacinth, while NPK fertilizer was used as the inorganic manure and Top soil without fertilizer application was used as the control. The organic fertilizers were singly used and mixed at the rate of 100kg/ha and 200kg/ha while the inorganic fertilizer was used at the rate 100kg/ha and 200kg/ha. The parameters taken were plant height, stem girth, leaf area and leaf production. Results obtained showed that poultry manure produced the tallest plants (23.50cm) at 3months after transplanting though this was not significantly different from those of cow dung manure (23.00cm). NPK fertilizer produced the plant with highest leaf area (32.75cm) and stem girth (2.25cm) at 3 months after transplanting and was not significantly different from the organic fertilizers (Poultry manure 200g/ha, Cow dung 200g/ha, Water hyacinth 100g/ha and 200g/ha). NPK fertilizer also produced the highest number of leaves at the end of the three month assessment (31.00cm). All the growth parameters observed showed that the control experiment gave the least performance. The results obtained tend to suggest that the use of NPK fertilizer should be recommended for growing Annona muricata and improvement of the soil nutrients level.","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74017279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Goraga, A. Funga, T. Fekadu, S. Ali, Gemeda Tuntuna, Zenebe Tesfa, Eyob G. Egziyabher, Ejigayehu Demisse
The study was carried out to characterize Ethiopian smallholder farmers’ practice and indigenous knowledge on bull station service and adoption of different mating systems. A total of 62 respondents were selected from the smallholder dairy farming communities representing three districts in the Oromia region. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select sampling areas and respondents. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect qualitative and quantitative data using person to person interview. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical procedures of SPSS. According to the findings of the study, Ethiopian smallholder dairy farmers are using both bull service and artificial insemination for dairy cattle breeding. The bulls used for mating are either those bulls kept for communal use at bull stations or bulls belong to individual farmers. The sources of all those bulls were research centers (15.5%), NGOs (37.5%), cooperatives (7.8%), born and grown at farmers’ own farms (10%) and other sources (29.2%). About 79% of the interviewed respondents were participants of bull station service and above 63% of them started to participate in less than a decade ago. In bull station, one bull did serve 3 to 30 females per week. In addition to the bull service, considerable numbers of farmers were using artificial insemination. The study revealed that both natural mating and artificial insemination methods are acceptable as appropriate mating systems and have their own advantage and disadvantages. So, bull service can be further adopted as an option for improving dairy production and productivity at smallholder farmers’ level particularly in areas where there is limited access for an efficient AI service. The study provided valuable information that can support the importance of using bull station services and adopt different mating systems to improve dairy cattle production and productivity in smallholder dairy farming systems in Ethiopia.
{"title":"Communal Use of Breeding Bulls on Bull Stations, Natural Mating and Artificial Insemination in Ethiopian Smallholder Dairy Farming Systems","authors":"Z. Goraga, A. Funga, T. Fekadu, S. Ali, Gemeda Tuntuna, Zenebe Tesfa, Eyob G. Egziyabher, Ejigayehu Demisse","doi":"10.32861/jbr.56.50.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/jbr.56.50.56","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to characterize Ethiopian smallholder farmers’ practice and indigenous knowledge on bull station service and adoption of different mating systems. A total of 62 respondents were selected from the smallholder dairy farming communities representing three districts in the Oromia region. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select sampling areas and respondents. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect qualitative and quantitative data using person to person interview. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical procedures of SPSS. According to the findings of the study, Ethiopian smallholder dairy farmers are using both bull service and artificial insemination for dairy cattle breeding. The bulls used for mating are either those bulls kept for communal use at bull stations or bulls belong to individual farmers. The sources of all those bulls were research centers (15.5%), NGOs (37.5%), cooperatives (7.8%), born and grown at farmers’ own farms (10%) and other sources (29.2%). About 79% of the interviewed respondents were participants of bull station service and above 63% of them started to participate in less than a decade ago. In bull station, one bull did serve 3 to 30 females per week. In addition to the bull service, considerable numbers of farmers were using artificial insemination. The study revealed that both natural mating and artificial insemination methods are acceptable as appropriate mating systems and have their own advantage and disadvantages. So, bull service can be further adopted as an option for improving dairy production and productivity at smallholder farmers’ level particularly in areas where there is limited access for an efficient AI service. The study provided valuable information that can support the importance of using bull station services and adopt different mating systems to improve dairy cattle production and productivity in smallholder dairy farming systems in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91152762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.24126/jobrc.2019.13.2.578
Humam Hussein, B. Dheeb, T. Hamada
Back ground: The current study included 150 samples from patients with Candida from a hospital of Medical City / education labs - Baghdad, and ranged in age from (10 – 65(years for both sexes, all isolates taken from different sources (Lower respiratory tract, Urine, Skin, Vaginal and Oral thrux), where the number of males (55(as a percentage (37%) while the number of females (95) as a percentage (63%). The objective: The objectives of this study are studying resistance and sensitivity of candida spp to some antifungals. Material and methods: All the required material which used for the study, and the direct examination was conducted using potassium hydroxide KOH 10%, As well as microscopic examination and laboratory transplantation for all samples, for the purpose of investigating the candidiasis. Also Vitek System examination was conducted on all positive samples for microscopy and laboratory culturing; and so to be diagnosed on the species level, and this study included using (3) anti-fungal equipped from Himedia (India), an (Fluconazole, Clotrimazole and Nystatin), anti-fungal used by standard disk Diffusion to know the resistance of Candida and its sensitivity toward used anti-fungal. The results: The results of direct examination were vaginal swab (50), Sputum (28), Oral swab (34), Urine (21) and Skin swab (17). Conclusion: Candidiasis was more common in female patients as well as from medical units, where the rate of infection in females more than in males, Candida species were identified by the manual and automated methods and we found that the automated method by using VITEK2 YST Card was the best for species identification.
{"title":"Studying the candida resistance and sensitivity for some antifungals","authors":"Humam Hussein, B. Dheeb, T. Hamada","doi":"10.24126/jobrc.2019.13.2.578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2019.13.2.578","url":null,"abstract":"Back ground: The current study included 150 samples from patients with Candida from a hospital of Medical City / education labs - Baghdad, and ranged in age from (10 – 65(years for both sexes, all isolates taken from different sources (Lower respiratory tract, Urine, Skin, Vaginal and Oral thrux), where the number of males (55(as a percentage (37%) while the number of females (95) as a percentage (63%). \u0000The objective: The objectives of this study are studying resistance and sensitivity of candida spp to some antifungals. \u0000Material and methods: All the required material which used for the study, and the direct examination was conducted using potassium hydroxide KOH 10%, As well as microscopic examination and laboratory transplantation for all samples, for the purpose of investigating the candidiasis. Also Vitek System examination was conducted on all positive samples for microscopy and laboratory culturing; and so to be diagnosed on the species level, and this study included using (3) anti-fungal equipped from Himedia (India), an (Fluconazole, Clotrimazole and Nystatin), anti-fungal used by standard disk Diffusion to know the resistance of Candida and its sensitivity toward used anti-fungal. \u0000The results: The results of direct examination were vaginal swab (50), Sputum (28), Oral swab (34), Urine (21) and Skin swab (17). \u0000Conclusion: Candidiasis was more common in female patients as well as from medical units, where the rate of infection in females more than in males, Candida species were identified by the manual and automated methods and we found that the automated method by using VITEK2 YST Card was the best for species identification.","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74522559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.24126/jobrc.2019.13.2.576
Haitham Ahmed, T. A. al-Sadoon, Khudhair A. Khudhair
Objective: To investigate the influence of obesity on disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients and to determine a probable connection with the acute phase response. Materials and methods: The recruited patients satisfied the criteria from the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). To evaluate the body mass index (BMI), anthropometric tests were carried out at the Rheumatology Department at Baquba Teaching Hospital, which has a consultation unit. The serum levels of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) were measured from blood samples taken through the particle-enhanced (latex) immunonephelometry assays on the genius analyser (CO, Ltd. China) and test kits from IMTEC-CCP-Antibodies. RF screen and serological tests (latex) were carried out to determine the C-reactive protein (CRP), measure Hb and the total WBCs count, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was also carried out. Results: The current study findings from the sample of RA patients showed that the proportion of patients falling into the overweight classification (BMI 25-29) was 80.6% while the obese classification (BMI 30-35) was 33.33%. Among the RF and ACCP-positive cases, a marginally stronger relationship between the development of RA and the history of obesity was found. Additionally, a significant correlation between acute phase response and free mass was found in RA patients (anti-CCP p-value≤ 0.00021 ESR p≤ 0.00072 Hb p≤ 0.00054, and W.B.C p =≤ 0.000.94, CRP p≤1). Conclusion: The present study’s findings show an elevated prevalence of high body mass among the RA patients. Furthermore, a linear association existed between the fat free mass and the acute phase response.
{"title":"The clinical aspect of overweight on rheumatoid arthritis and disease activity","authors":"Haitham Ahmed, T. A. al-Sadoon, Khudhair A. Khudhair","doi":"10.24126/jobrc.2019.13.2.576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2019.13.2.576","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate the influence of obesity on disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients and to determine a probable connection with the acute phase response. Materials and methods: The recruited patients satisfied the criteria from the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). To evaluate the body mass index (BMI), anthropometric tests were carried out at the Rheumatology Department at Baquba Teaching Hospital, which has a consultation unit. The serum levels of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) were measured from blood samples taken through the particle-enhanced (latex) immunonephelometry assays on the genius analyser (CO, Ltd. China) and test kits from IMTEC-CCP-Antibodies. RF screen and serological tests (latex) were carried out to determine the C-reactive protein (CRP), measure Hb and the total WBCs count, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was also carried out. Results: The current study findings from the sample of RA patients showed that the proportion of patients falling into the overweight classification (BMI 25-29) was 80.6% while the obese classification (BMI 30-35) was 33.33%. Among the RF and ACCP-positive cases, a marginally stronger relationship between the development of RA and the history of obesity was found. Additionally, a significant correlation between acute phase response and free mass was found in RA patients (anti-CCP p-value≤ 0.00021 ESR p≤ 0.00072 Hb p≤ 0.00054, and W.B.C p =≤ 0.000.94, CRP p≤1). Conclusion: The present study’s findings show an elevated prevalence of high body mass among the RA patients. Furthermore, a linear association existed between the fat free mass and the acute phase response.","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89498323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agaricus blazei Murill (ABM) also known as Brazilian mushroom, originated in Brazil and Peru, is a kind of edible and medicinal fungus. It is neutral in nature and sweet in taste, distributed in heart, lung, liver and kidney channels. It has high nutritional value and medical efficacy and is rich in protein, polysaccharides, vitamins, minerals and unsaturated fatty acids. Its pharmacological ingredients mainly include nucleic acid, exogenous lectin, sterols, fatty acids and polysaccharides. It also has the effect of anti-cancer, anti-tumor, immune regulation, anti-inflammatory activity, protection of liver and kidney, treatment of diabetes, antioxidant activity, anti-fatigue effect, prevention and treatment of leukemia, asthma, and radiation injury. It can strengthen health and promote hematopoiesis. With the improvement of people’s living standards and the advancement of science and technology, many diseases already have better treatments and the average life expectancy is greatly extended. With the development of food industry, medicine and other related industries, some foods with unique medicinal effects and values such as glossy ganoderma, cordyceps sinensis and Agaricus blazei Murill have been re-recognized and used. The use of these pharmacological foods for disease prevention and treatment has become a trend. For example, the nutrients of relevant foods are extracted to make health-care products and patients are given corresponding solution to assist their treatments. Some progress has been made in realizing the pharmacological effects and dietary applications of Agaricus blazei Murill. This paper will analyze and summarize the results of current researches of pharmacological effect and application in dietotherapy of Agaricus blazei Murill, which is helpful to improve people’s understanding of its medicinal effects and to provide rich experience in dietary therapy and experimental basis. With the further research on the pharmacological effects of Agaricus blazei Murill, it will be more widely used in food therapy.
{"title":"Review of Pharmacological Effects of Agaricus Blazei Murill and its Application in Dietotherapy","authors":"Xiang Li, Pei-lin Xu, Wendi Huang, Rui Li","doi":"10.32861/jbr.55.46.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/jbr.55.46.49","url":null,"abstract":"Agaricus blazei Murill (ABM) also known as Brazilian mushroom, originated in Brazil and Peru, is a kind of edible and medicinal fungus. It is neutral in nature and sweet in taste, distributed in heart, lung, liver and kidney channels. It has high nutritional value and medical efficacy and is rich in protein, polysaccharides, vitamins, minerals and unsaturated fatty acids. Its pharmacological ingredients mainly include nucleic acid, exogenous lectin, sterols, fatty acids and polysaccharides. It also has the effect of anti-cancer, anti-tumor, immune regulation, anti-inflammatory activity, protection of liver and kidney, treatment of diabetes, antioxidant activity, anti-fatigue effect, prevention and treatment of leukemia, asthma, and radiation injury. It can strengthen health and promote hematopoiesis. With the improvement of people’s living standards and the advancement of science and technology, many diseases already have better treatments and the average life expectancy is greatly extended. With the development of food industry, medicine and other related industries, some foods with unique medicinal effects and values such as glossy ganoderma, cordyceps sinensis and Agaricus blazei Murill have been re-recognized and used. The use of these pharmacological foods for disease prevention and treatment has become a trend. For example, the nutrients of relevant foods are extracted to make health-care products and patients are given corresponding solution to assist their treatments. Some progress has been made in realizing the pharmacological effects and dietary applications of Agaricus blazei Murill. This paper will analyze and summarize the results of current researches of pharmacological effect and application in dietotherapy of Agaricus blazei Murill, which is helpful to improve people’s understanding of its medicinal effects and to provide rich experience in dietary therapy and experimental basis. With the further research on the pharmacological effects of Agaricus blazei Murill, it will be more widely used in food therapy.","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90604363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The production of aroma in aromatic rice is due to the increase of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) precursor substances caused by the functional deletion of Badh2 gene on chromosome 8, and the accumulation of 2AP makes rice produce aroma. In this study, Badh2 gene was isolated and cloned from 18 representative aromatic rice cultivars in Southern Henan, and the bioinformatics analysis of Badh2 gene was carried out. Meanwhile, seven functional molecular markers developed by Badh2 gene were used to detect and analyze Badh2 gene in 18 aromatic rice varieties from Southern Henan. The results showed that the coding region of Badh2 gene was 1509 bp in length. It contained 15 exons and 14 introns, and encoded 503 amino acids. There are many types of variation of the Badh2 gene in the 18 aromatic rice varieties. According to the variation of Badh2 gene, the tested aromatic rice varieties could be divided into three groups, among which Xinxianggeng 1, Xiangnuo 25, Heixiangdao 193 and Xiangbao 2 were concentrated in group Ⅰ, while the other 14 kinds of aromatic rice were concentrated in group II. Seven functional molecular markers of Badh2 gene were used to detect different varieties mutation types in exon 2, exon 4~5, exon 7 and exon 13 of Badh2 gene. No aromatic rice varieties with different mutation types were found in promoter region, exon 12 and exon 14 of Badh2 gene. Therefore, our results provide important information for understanding the genetic basis of fragrant genes in aromatic rice germplasm resources in Southern Henan and breeding new varieties of high-quality aromatic rice using molecular marker-assisted selection.
{"title":"Isolation and Molecular Marker Detection of Badh2 Gene from Aromatic Rice Germplasm Resources in Southern Henan","authors":"Bo Peng, Yu Zhu, Zi-yu Wang, Juan Peng, Lu-Lu He, Xiayu Tian, Ziyue Liu, Ling Sun, Ying Wang, Xiao-Hua Song, Huilong Li, Yan-Yang Sun, Rui-hua Pang, Jintao Li, Quanxiu Wang, Wei Zhou, Hongyu Yuan","doi":"10.32861/jbr.54.35.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/jbr.54.35.45","url":null,"abstract":"The production of aroma in aromatic rice is due to the increase of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) precursor substances caused by the functional deletion of Badh2 gene on chromosome 8, and the accumulation of 2AP makes rice produce aroma. In this study, Badh2 gene was isolated and cloned from 18 representative aromatic rice cultivars in Southern Henan, and the bioinformatics analysis of Badh2 gene was carried out. Meanwhile, seven functional molecular markers developed by Badh2 gene were used to detect and analyze Badh2 gene in 18 aromatic rice varieties from Southern Henan. The results showed that the coding region of Badh2 gene was 1509 bp in length. It contained 15 exons and 14 introns, and encoded 503 amino acids. There are many types of variation of the Badh2 gene in the 18 aromatic rice varieties. According to the variation of Badh2 gene, the tested aromatic rice varieties could be divided into three groups, among which Xinxianggeng 1, Xiangnuo 25, Heixiangdao 193 and Xiangbao 2 were concentrated in group Ⅰ, while the other 14 kinds of aromatic rice were concentrated in group II. Seven functional molecular markers of Badh2 gene were used to detect different varieties mutation types in exon 2, exon 4~5, exon 7 and exon 13 of Badh2 gene. No aromatic rice varieties with different mutation types were found in promoter region, exon 12 and exon 14 of Badh2 gene. Therefore, our results provide important information for understanding the genetic basis of fragrant genes in aromatic rice germplasm resources in Southern Henan and breeding new varieties of high-quality aromatic rice using molecular marker-assisted selection.","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83270830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this research was to determine the quality of mineral and fatty acid profile of imported horse mackerel Trachurus murphyi using the improved NIOMR fish smoking kiln. 20kg of frozen imported horse mackerel were obtained from Ijora frozen food market Lagos state, Nigeria. Samples were transported to the NIOMR Pilot plant for processing and commencement of chemical analysis. Results show that, the most abundant saturated fatty acid in the fish was Palmitic acid, with a value of 19.404%, while the most abundant monounsaturated fatty acid was Elaidic acid with a value of 12.63%. However, low values of polyunsaturated fatty acid was recorded in the fish species, and the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid is the Docosahexaenoic acid with a value of 2.297%. The most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid recorded is Linoleic acid (2.075 while the least abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid was eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3). There was significant variation (p < 0.05) in the level of Docosahexaenoic acid and Eicosapentaenoic acid in the fish species. The monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) content of horse mackerel was mainly omega-9 fatty acids except Palmitoleic acid which is an omega-7 fatty acid. It can be concluded that the horse mackerel has a good mineral and fatty acid profiling.
{"title":"Mineral Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Smoked Horse Mackerel Trachurus Murphyi Using an Improved Fish Smoking Kiln","authors":"Esan O. Moses","doi":"10.32861/JBR.53.28.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/JBR.53.28.34","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research was to determine the quality of mineral and fatty acid profile of imported horse mackerel Trachurus murphyi using the improved NIOMR fish smoking kiln. 20kg of frozen imported horse mackerel were obtained from Ijora frozen food market Lagos state, Nigeria. Samples were transported to the NIOMR Pilot plant for processing and commencement of chemical analysis. Results show that, the most abundant saturated fatty acid in the fish was Palmitic acid, with a value of 19.404%, while the most abundant monounsaturated fatty acid was Elaidic acid with a value of 12.63%. However, low values of polyunsaturated fatty acid was recorded in the fish species, and the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid is the Docosahexaenoic acid with a value of 2.297%. The most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid recorded is Linoleic acid (2.075 while the least abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid was eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3). There was significant variation (p < 0.05) in the level of Docosahexaenoic acid and Eicosapentaenoic acid in the fish species. The monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) content of horse mackerel was mainly omega-9 fatty acids except Palmitoleic acid which is an omega-7 fatty acid. It can be concluded that the horse mackerel has a good mineral and fatty acid profiling.","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90191607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Orange juice has become one of the most widely accepted natural beverages due to its invigorating flavours, source of quick energy in the form of natural sugars and its nutrient which support the growth of acid tolerant bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Present investigation was conducted to study the microbiological examination of commercially and freshly prepared orange juices. Freshly prepared orange juices were pasteurised, carbonated, concentrated and chemically treated with a preservative (sodium metabisulphite) and stored under, freezer, refrigeration and ambient temperature for 90 days. The pH ranged from 3.0 to 4.5 for the commercially, fresh and stored samples respectively. The total bacterial load ranged from 1.6x105 to 3.6x106 and the total yeast cell counts ranged from 1.7x104 to 4.8x106 cfu/ml for the commercially, freshly and stored samples. Twenty-two microbial species including 5 bacterial isolates, 6 yeast isolates and 11 isolates of mould were isolated from the orange juices. The bacterial isolates identified from the samples were Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pantothenticus, Bacillus aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The fungal isolates were Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces rouxii, Saccharomyces telluris, Blastomyces sp, Aspergillus sp, Mycelia sp, Chrysosporium sp, and Trichoderma sp. Among the bacterial isolates, Bacillus sp was the predominant, while the fungi Saccharomyces sp and Mycelia sp were the predominant fungi and accounted for five out of 11 isolates. The isolates of bacteria, yeasts and moulds appear to be persistent throughout the period of this study and could be used as indicators of microbial quality. A safe microbial load and reduction in contamination of orange juice /fruit juices can be achieved by combination of processing methods such as chemical preservatives with pasteurisation,concentration with carbonation under controlled microbiological environments such as freezer and refrigeration temperatures.
{"title":"Microbiological Quality Assessment of Commercially and Laboratory Prepared Orange Juice","authors":"B. C. Obasi, C. Whong, J. Ameh, Elijah Ekah Ella","doi":"10.32861/JBR.52.19.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/JBR.52.19.27","url":null,"abstract":"Orange juice has become one of the most widely accepted natural beverages due to its invigorating flavours, source of quick energy in the form of natural sugars and its nutrient which support the growth of acid tolerant bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Present investigation was conducted to study the microbiological examination of commercially and freshly prepared orange juices. Freshly prepared orange juices were pasteurised, carbonated, concentrated and chemically treated with a preservative (sodium metabisulphite) and stored under, freezer, refrigeration and ambient temperature for 90 days. The pH ranged from 3.0 to 4.5 for the commercially, fresh and stored samples respectively. The total bacterial load ranged from 1.6x105 to 3.6x106 and the total yeast cell counts ranged from 1.7x104 to 4.8x106 cfu/ml for the commercially, freshly and stored samples. Twenty-two microbial species including 5 bacterial isolates, 6 yeast isolates and 11 isolates of mould were isolated from the orange juices. The bacterial isolates identified from the samples were Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pantothenticus, Bacillus aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The fungal isolates were Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces rouxii, Saccharomyces telluris, Blastomyces sp, Aspergillus sp, Mycelia sp, Chrysosporium sp, and Trichoderma sp. Among the bacterial isolates, Bacillus sp was the predominant, while the fungi Saccharomyces sp and Mycelia sp were the predominant fungi and accounted for five out of 11 isolates. The isolates of bacteria, yeasts and moulds appear to be persistent throughout the period of this study and could be used as indicators of microbial quality. A safe microbial load and reduction in contamination of orange juice /fruit juices can be achieved by combination of processing methods such as chemical preservatives with pasteurisation,concentration with carbonation under controlled microbiological environments such as freezer and refrigeration temperatures.","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91542627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is a promising new technique for breast cancer diagnosis. DBT has the potential to overcome the tissue superimposition problems that occur on traditional mammograms for tumor detection. However, DBT generates numerous images, thereby creating a heavy workload for radiologists. Therefore, constructing an automatic computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for DBT image analysis is necessary. This study compared feature-based CAD and convolutional neural network (CNN)-based CAD for breast cancer classification from DBT images. The research methods included image preprocessing, candidate tumor identification, three-dimensional feature generation, classification, image cropping, augmentation, CNN model design, and deep learning. The precision rates (standard deviation) of the LeNet-based CNN CAD and the feature-based CAD for breast cancer classification were 89.84 (0.013) and 84.46 (0.082), respectively. The T value was -4.091 and the P value was 0.00 < 0.05, which indicate that the LeNet-based CNN CAD significantly outperform the feature-based CAD. However, there is no significantly differences between the LeNet-based CNN CAD and the feature-based CAD on other criteria. The results can be applied to clinical medicine and assist radiologists in breast cancer identification.
{"title":"Comparison Between Feature-Based and Convolutional Neural Network–Based Computer-Aided Diagnosis for Breast Cancer Classification in Digital Breast Tomosynthesis","authors":"Siwa Chan, J. Yeh","doi":"10.32861/jbr.51.1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/jbr.51.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is a promising new technique for breast cancer diagnosis. DBT has the potential to overcome the tissue superimposition problems that occur on traditional mammograms for tumor detection. However, DBT generates numerous images, thereby creating a heavy workload for radiologists. Therefore, constructing an automatic computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for DBT image analysis is necessary. This study compared feature-based CAD and convolutional neural network (CNN)-based CAD for breast cancer classification from DBT images. The research methods included image preprocessing, candidate tumor identification, three-dimensional feature generation, classification, image cropping, augmentation, CNN model design, and deep learning. The precision rates (standard deviation) of the LeNet-based CNN CAD and the feature-based CAD for breast cancer classification were 89.84 (0.013) and 84.46 (0.082), respectively. The T value was -4.091 and the P value was 0.00 < 0.05, which indicate that the LeNet-based CNN CAD significantly outperform the feature-based CAD. However, there is no significantly differences between the LeNet-based CNN CAD and the feature-based CAD on other criteria. The results can be applied to clinical medicine and assist radiologists in breast cancer identification.","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77810909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.24126/jobrc.2019.13.1.565
Suha H. Ali, A. Al-Shuwaikh, H. Arif
Background: Human Respiratory Syncytial virus (hRSV) is one of the major causes of viral respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. Aim of study: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with hRSV infection. Objective: This study included 100 hospitalized infants and young children with chest infection (39 female and 61 male) aged from (1) to (24) months, their mean age (6.87) months. Material and methods: Nasopharyngeal/throat swabs specimens were collected over a three-month winter period from January to April, 2017. hRSV was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: The highest percentage of hRSV RNA (56.81%) was observed in the age group less than 6 months, followed by (27.27%) and (15.91%) in the age group 6-12 months and 12-24 months, respectively, which mean that (84%) of hRSV infections were under 12 months of age. Regarding the type of feeding, about (84%) of hRSV infections were positive in patients with bottle feeding which indicated that the role of breastfeeding in preventing hRSV infection and hospitalization is undisputed, Results showed that there was no significant association between these risk factors and the occurrence of hRSV infection (P˃ 0.05). Conclusion: The hRSV-RNA is equally distributed between patients exposed and not exposed to smoking (50%).
{"title":"An investigation of risk factors associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in a sample of infants and young children from baghdad","authors":"Suha H. Ali, A. Al-Shuwaikh, H. Arif","doi":"10.24126/jobrc.2019.13.1.565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2019.13.1.565","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Human Respiratory Syncytial virus (hRSV) is one of the major causes of viral respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. \u0000Aim of study: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with hRSV infection. \u0000Objective: This study included 100 hospitalized infants and young children with chest infection (39 female and 61 male) aged from (1) to (24) months, their mean age (6.87) months. \u0000Material and methods: Nasopharyngeal/throat swabs specimens were collected over a three-month winter period from January to April, 2017. hRSV was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). \u0000Results: The highest percentage of hRSV RNA (56.81%) was observed in the age group less than 6 months, followed by (27.27%) and (15.91%) in the age group 6-12 months and 12-24 months, respectively, which mean that (84%) of hRSV infections were under 12 months of age. Regarding the type of feeding, about (84%) of hRSV infections were positive in patients with bottle feeding which indicated that the role of breastfeeding in preventing hRSV infection and hospitalization is undisputed, Results showed that there was no significant association between these risk factors and the occurrence of hRSV infection (P˃ 0.05). \u0000Conclusion: The hRSV-RNA is equally distributed between patients exposed and not exposed to smoking (50%).","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"70 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80310317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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