Rice chalkiness is one of the most important appearance quality traits and has a great impact on its processing quality, nutritional quality, cooking, and eating quality traits. It has important theoretical significance and application value to clarify the genetic mechanism of rice chalkiness. To reveal the relationship between chalkiness of OsAAP3 mutant rice and the shape, structure and arrangement of endosperm cells and starch grains, which will lay a foundation for further research on the formation mechanism of chalkiness character of rice and the cultivation of new high-quality rice varieties. The results showed that the chalkiness, chalkiness rate, and chalkiness area of OsAAP3 mutant rice significantly increased compared with the control ZH11, and there were significant variations in the arrangement, morphology, and cross-section starch grain distribution of the endosperm cells of the mutant rice: the white heart area of the mutant increased, and the white belly almost distributed in the edge of the whole rice cross-section. The chalky part and transparent part of the OsAAP3 mutant chalky rice also have obvious variations in the shape, structure, and arrangement of starch grains, but there is no significant difference between the transparent part of the mutant chalky rice and the starch grains of the non-chalky rice. The starch grains in the endosperm center of the OsAAP3 mutant of rice are well developed, but the starch grains in the abdomen and back are loosely arranged, and the starch grains are poorly developed. Therefore, the chalkiness character of OsAAP3 mutant rice increased significantly. The chalkiness character of its mutant mainly occurred in the abdomen, and the rest occurred in the center of the endosperm of rice. Moreover, the arrangement of starch grains in OsAAP3 mutant rice was loose, the grain shape was mostly irregular polyhedrons, and the starch development was poor.
{"title":"OsAAP3 Gene Mutation Promotes the Chalkiness Character in Rice","authors":"Bo Peng, Yan Liu, Shuang Tu, et. al.","doi":"10.32861/jbr.84.46.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/jbr.84.46.53","url":null,"abstract":"Rice chalkiness is one of the most important appearance quality traits and has a great impact on its processing quality, nutritional quality, cooking, and eating quality traits. It has important theoretical significance and application value to clarify the genetic mechanism of rice chalkiness. To reveal the relationship between chalkiness of OsAAP3 mutant rice and the shape, structure and arrangement of endosperm cells and starch grains, which will lay a foundation for further research on the formation mechanism of chalkiness character of rice and the cultivation of new high-quality rice varieties. The results showed that the chalkiness, chalkiness rate, and chalkiness area of OsAAP3 mutant rice significantly increased compared with the control ZH11, and there were significant variations in the arrangement, morphology, and cross-section starch grain distribution of the endosperm cells of the mutant rice: the white heart area of the mutant increased, and the white belly almost distributed in the edge of the whole rice cross-section. The chalky part and transparent part of the OsAAP3 mutant chalky rice also have obvious variations in the shape, structure, and arrangement of starch grains, but there is no significant difference between the transparent part of the mutant chalky rice and the starch grains of the non-chalky rice. The starch grains in the endosperm center of the OsAAP3 mutant of rice are well developed, but the starch grains in the abdomen and back are loosely arranged, and the starch grains are poorly developed. Therefore, the chalkiness character of OsAAP3 mutant rice increased significantly. The chalkiness character of its mutant mainly occurred in the abdomen, and the rest occurred in the center of the endosperm of rice. Moreover, the arrangement of starch grains in OsAAP3 mutant rice was loose, the grain shape was mostly irregular polyhedrons, and the starch development was poor.","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86801211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-08DOI: 10.24126/jobrc.2022.16.2.675
Afraah M. Mohammed Al-Samarrai
Back Ground: The study was conducted in the field of animal production - College of Agriculture / University of Tikrit for the period from 15/2/2017 to 15/5/2017. Objective: to study the effect of replacing the seeds of white Lupinus albus as a protein source instead of soybean meal and its effect on some characteristics of wool: (softness , elongation, tensile strength, raw weight and clean weight) at the age of (4 and 6) months, respectively, for the mentioned characteristics, and the quality of wool fibers is the basis of characteristics and defects, as the fiber diameter is the main determinant of quality. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted by raising twelve Awassi lambs, 4 months old, with an average starting weight of 24.65 ± 2.49 kg. The lambs were distributed among 3 treatments (4 lambs/treatment). At levels (0, 6 and 12%) for the first treatment (control), the second and the third, respectively. Results: After completing the experiment using white lupine seeds, the results indicated that there were no significant differences between the studied traits (softness, tensile strength, raw weight and clean weight) at the age of (4 and 6) months, respectively, except for the second treatment (6% lupine), which was significantly superior (0.05). > P) In terms of elongation at the age of 6 months (65.25 ± 1.92) compared to the first and second treatments (0 and 12) % lupine, respectively. Conclusion: I used a balanced diet in its content of energy and protein and added a protein source (white lupine seeds) instead of soy beans and did not occur any negative changes that affected the qualities of wool, and this means the positive use of it in feeding ruminan
{"title":"Effect Biological lupine Albus on some wool physiological traits of Awassi Lambs","authors":"Afraah M. Mohammed Al-Samarrai","doi":"10.24126/jobrc.2022.16.2.675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2022.16.2.675","url":null,"abstract":"Back Ground: The study was conducted in the field of animal production - College of Agriculture / University of Tikrit for the period from 15/2/2017 to 15/5/2017. \u0000Objective: to study the effect of replacing the seeds of white Lupinus albus as a protein source instead of soybean meal and its effect on some characteristics of wool: (softness , elongation, tensile strength, raw weight and clean weight) at the age of (4 and 6) months, respectively, for the mentioned characteristics, and the quality of wool fibers is the basis of characteristics and defects, as the fiber diameter is the main determinant of quality. \u0000Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted by raising twelve Awassi lambs, 4 months old, with an average starting weight of 24.65 ± 2.49 kg. The lambs were distributed among 3 treatments (4 lambs/treatment). At levels (0, 6 and 12%) for the first treatment (control), the second and the third, respectively. \u0000Results: After completing the experiment using white lupine seeds, the results indicated that there were no significant differences between the studied traits (softness, tensile strength, raw weight and clean weight) at the age of (4 and 6) months, respectively, except for the second treatment (6% lupine), which was significantly superior (0.05). > P) In terms of elongation at the age of 6 months (65.25 ± 1.92) compared to the first and second treatments (0 and 12) % lupine, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: I used a balanced diet in its content of energy and protein and added a protein source (white lupine seeds) instead of soy beans and did not occur any negative changes that affected the qualities of wool, and this means the positive use of it in feeding ruminan","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85226236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-08DOI: 10.24126/jobrc.2022.16.2.674
N.F. Khalaf
Background: Lately, many viruses emerged or re-emerged from the obscurity and became considerable threats to the global health, raising alarms concerning their constant epidemic transmissions. A very important public health concern of those viruses is the continuous circulation amongst the population of the immunologically naive, susceptible hosts. With each one of the new viral emergences or re-emergences, there appears a call for a fast development of a vaccination and induction of a protective immunity thus could be one of the most powerful tools for the prevention of that concern through conferring the protection to the endangered population. Vaccinations have been considered one of the crucial components of disease preventions towards the emerging virus infections due to the fact that, often, other options for the medical solutions are non-existent or limited. Whereas the conventional methods for developing a vaccination remain amenable to the emerging viruses, advents of the newest technologies in the molecular methods have a profound influence on the understanding of the biology of the viruses, as well as immune responses and methods of vaccination that are based upon attenuated, replicating, and non-replicating virus vector methods became beneficial platforms for vaccination. Conclusion: In combination with a continuous understanding in biology of the newly appearing viral illnesses, a many different recent strategies of vaccination have been developed for protecting from the re-emerging and new viruses could become possible. It was found that the biggest challenge in all strategies used in the preparation of viral vaccines is to find vaccines that have a low cost, are highly specialized, and have high efficiency for the purpose of confronting emerging viral diseases. In this paper we focus on different viral vaccines strategies.
{"title":"Viral Vaccine Strategies","authors":"N.F. Khalaf","doi":"10.24126/jobrc.2022.16.2.674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2022.16.2.674","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lately, many viruses emerged or re-emerged from the obscurity and became considerable threats to the global health, raising alarms concerning their constant epidemic transmissions. A very important public health concern of those viruses is the continuous circulation amongst the population of the immunologically naive, susceptible hosts. With each one of the new viral emergences or re-emergences, there appears a call for a fast development of a vaccination and induction of a protective immunity thus could be one of the most powerful tools for the prevention of that concern through conferring the protection to the endangered population. \u0000 Vaccinations have been considered one of the crucial components of disease preventions towards the emerging virus infections due to the fact that, often, other options for the medical solutions are non-existent or limited. Whereas the conventional methods for developing a vaccination remain amenable to the emerging viruses, advents of the newest technologies in the molecular methods have a profound influence on the understanding of the biology of the viruses, as well as immune responses and methods of vaccination that are based upon attenuated, replicating, and non-replicating virus vector methods became beneficial platforms for vaccination. \u0000Conclusion: In combination with a continuous understanding in biology of the newly appearing viral illnesses, a many different recent strategies of vaccination have been developed for protecting from the re-emerging and new viruses could become possible. It was found that the biggest challenge in all strategies used in the preparation of viral vaccines is to find vaccines that have a low cost, are highly specialized, and have high efficiency for the purpose of confronting emerging viral diseases. In this paper we focus on different viral vaccines strategies.","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89893824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-04DOI: 10.24126/jobrc.2022.16.2.668
Т.А. Коvаlеvа, A. S. J. Taha, Firas A. Abdulaziz, R. Al-Dhahir
Background: Inulinase is widely found in microorganisms and higher plants. It catalyzes the reaction of the hydrolysis of inulin, which is present in the tubers and roots of many plants, to fructose and a small amount of glucose. Inulin is one of several plant-based polysaccharides that contain glucose or fructose. It is used as a substrate in industrial fermentation processes and in the food industry due to its relatively cheap and abundant source for the microbiological production of high fructose juices, ethanol, acetone and butanol. Inulin-derived oligosaccharides are also used in the medical and food sectors. Inulinase which produced from the yeast K. marxianus at levels close to commercial use. This indicates that inulinase can be used in the production of fructose and fructose syrups. So our main object is to study the effect of different temperatures on the conformation of the Kluyveromyces marxianus inulinase macromolecule, to provide optimal conditions for aniline hydrolysis by inulinase. Materials and method: Method of isolation and purification of the inulinase enzyme from Kluyveromyces marxianus, as well as the determination of the protein content and enzyme activity as mentioned in the context of the research. Experiments were carried out to study the thermal stability of enzyme. For this, an enzyme solution at a concentration of 5•10-5 mol / l was incubated in a time interval of 10-60 min at different temperatures, followed by determination of the catalytic activity. It is known that different types of bonds and interactions participate in the formation of the molecular structure of enzymes, which are covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, hydrophobic interactions, so our main goal is to study the effect of different temperatures on the formation of the enzyme molecule in order to provide optimal conditions for aniline hydrolysis. by enzyme. Results: of this study revealed that the residual activity of the enzyme after 60 minutes of incubation at 50 °C was 10% of the initial activity at 60 °C 7%. As for the Rate Constants of thermal inactivation of Inulinase at 70 °C were 3.45. Conclusions: Results of this study were important and useful in determining parameters of inulinase enzyme. Based on the shape of the curves of the dependence of the catalytic activity of Kluyveromyces marxianus inulinase on the time of thermal inactivation in the temperature range of 20-80 ° C.
{"title":"Kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of the process of thermal inactivition of kluyveromyces marxianus inulinase","authors":"Т.А. Коvаlеvа, A. S. J. Taha, Firas A. Abdulaziz, R. Al-Dhahir","doi":"10.24126/jobrc.2022.16.2.668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2022.16.2.668","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Inulinase is widely found in microorganisms and higher plants. It catalyzes the reaction of the hydrolysis of inulin, which is present in the tubers and roots of many plants, to fructose and a small amount of glucose. \u0000Inulin is one of several plant-based polysaccharides that contain glucose or fructose. It is used as a substrate in industrial fermentation processes and in the food industry due to its relatively cheap and abundant source for the microbiological production of high fructose juices, ethanol, acetone and butanol. Inulin-derived oligosaccharides are also used in the medical and food sectors. Inulinase which produced from the yeast K. marxianus at levels close to commercial use. This indicates that inulinase can be used in the production of fructose and fructose syrups. So our main object is to study the effect of different temperatures on the conformation of the Kluyveromyces marxianus inulinase macromolecule, to provide optimal conditions for aniline hydrolysis by inulinase. \u0000Materials and method: Method of isolation and purification of the inulinase enzyme from Kluyveromyces marxianus, as well as the determination of the protein content and enzyme activity as mentioned in the context of the research. Experiments were carried out to study the thermal stability of enzyme. For this, an enzyme solution at a concentration of 5•10-5 mol / l was incubated in a time interval of 10-60 min at different temperatures, followed by determination of the catalytic activity. \u0000It is known that different types of bonds and interactions participate in the formation of the molecular structure of enzymes, which are covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, hydrophobic interactions, so our main goal is to study the effect of different temperatures on the formation of the enzyme molecule in order to provide optimal conditions for aniline hydrolysis. by enzyme. \u0000Results: of this study revealed that the residual activity of the enzyme after 60 minutes of incubation at 50 °C was 10% of the initial activity at 60 °C 7%. As for the Rate Constants of thermal inactivation of Inulinase at 70 °C were 3.45. \u0000Conclusions: Results of this study were important and useful in determining parameters of inulinase enzyme. Based on the shape of the curves of the dependence of the catalytic activity of Kluyveromyces marxianus inulinase on the time of thermal inactivation in the temperature range of 20-80 ° C. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"227 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86011010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-04DOI: 10.24126/jobrc.2022.16.2.669
Issam J. Naser
Background: Gastroenteritis has a significant mortality andmorbidity incidence in children globally. Antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceaeis a serious public health problem, especially in developing countries.Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-bacterial and anti-biofilmactivities of AgNPs alone and in combination with kanamycin against multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa isolated from diarrheal children.Materials and methods: 90 Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa isolates fromdiarrheal children were evaluated against 10 antibiotics. Minimum inhibitory doses ofAgNPs and kanamycin were determined using broth microdilution, synergistic wasdetermined using Checkerboard dilution tests, and the Calgary technique was used toanalyze biofilm development.Results: A total of 90 stool cultures were conducted for bacteria associated withdiarrhea among children attending some Baghdad hospitals. The findings revealed thatbacterial diarrhea was most often caused by E. coli 31 (34.5%), followed by S. typhi 19(21.1%), K. pneumoniae 14 (15.5%), P. aeruginosa 11 (12.2%) and S. sonnei 6 (6.7%),and significant variations between the strain's species were discovered using statisticalanalysis (P < 0.05). The present study's findings revealed that bacteria isolated fromchildren with diarrhea were spread significantly in age groups of 37–48 months andsignificantly different between age groups (P < 0.05), with a male/female ratio of0.57/1. Imipenem and amikacin were the most active antibiotics compared to penicillin,which was the least effective antibiotic. The combination of sublethal doses of AgNPswith sub-MIC (½MIC) of kanamycin exhibited substantial synergistic bactericidaleffects against MDR-Enterobacteriaceae. AgNPs inhibited biofilm formation by55%–65% for diarrhea-causing bacteria, while the combination of AgNPs withkanamycin demonstrated the strongest biofilm inhibition of around 80%–90% againstMDR-Enterobacteriaceae with a highly significant variation (P < 0.05).Conclusions: The outcomes of the research shows that the combination of AgNPs withkanamycin has remarkable synergistic bactericidal and anti-biofilm effectivenessagainst MDR-Enterobacteriaceae isolated from diarrheal children.
{"title":"Enhancement of anti-bactericidal and anti-biofilm activities of silver nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant enteric pathogens isolated from children with diarrhea","authors":"Issam J. Naser","doi":"10.24126/jobrc.2022.16.2.669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2022.16.2.669","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gastroenteritis has a significant mortality andmorbidity incidence in children globally. Antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceaeis a serious public health problem, especially in developing countries.Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-bacterial and anti-biofilmactivities of AgNPs alone and in combination with kanamycin against multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa isolated from diarrheal children.Materials and methods: 90 Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa isolates fromdiarrheal children were evaluated against 10 antibiotics. Minimum inhibitory doses ofAgNPs and kanamycin were determined using broth microdilution, synergistic wasdetermined using Checkerboard dilution tests, and the Calgary technique was used toanalyze biofilm development.Results: A total of 90 stool cultures were conducted for bacteria associated withdiarrhea among children attending some Baghdad hospitals. The findings revealed thatbacterial diarrhea was most often caused by E. coli 31 (34.5%), followed by S. typhi 19(21.1%), K. pneumoniae 14 (15.5%), P. aeruginosa 11 (12.2%) and S. sonnei 6 (6.7%),and significant variations between the strain's species were discovered using statisticalanalysis (P < 0.05). The present study's findings revealed that bacteria isolated fromchildren with diarrhea were spread significantly in age groups of 37–48 months andsignificantly different between age groups (P < 0.05), with a male/female ratio of0.57/1. Imipenem and amikacin were the most active antibiotics compared to penicillin,which was the least effective antibiotic. The combination of sublethal doses of AgNPswith sub-MIC (½MIC) of kanamycin exhibited substantial synergistic bactericidaleffects against MDR-Enterobacteriaceae. AgNPs inhibited biofilm formation by55%–65% for diarrhea-causing bacteria, while the combination of AgNPs withkanamycin demonstrated the strongest biofilm inhibition of around 80%–90% againstMDR-Enterobacteriaceae with a highly significant variation (P < 0.05).Conclusions: The outcomes of the research shows that the combination of AgNPs withkanamycin has remarkable synergistic bactericidal and anti-biofilm effectivenessagainst MDR-Enterobacteriaceae isolated from diarrheal children.","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"222 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75629726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-04DOI: 10.24126/jobrc.2022.16.2.672
H. S. Alagely, E. Ismail, Tagreed A. Kreem, A. A. Baqer, Ayad W. Alenawey, M. Iqbal
Back ground: MRSA developed resistance to β-lactam antibiotics through the acquisition ofthe mecA gene that encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which has a significantlyreduced affinity for β-lactam antibiotics, thereby conferring β- lactam resistance . The detectionof mecA by the (PCR) is considered a gold-standard technique for methicillin resistancedetection .Objective:This study was aimed to isolation and identification of S.aureus by traditional andmolecular methods and determine their susceptibility to different groups of antibiotics.Materials and Methods: Two hundred and ten samples were collected from different sourcesof patients in different age groups and for the period from the beginning of January 2015 untilthe end of June 2015, from different Hospitals in Baghdad (Ibn Albalady, Al Yarmouk,Baghdad teaching hospital and AlKindy).Results: Depending on the molecular methods (137) out of (210) isolates were methicillin–resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA. Antibiotic sensitivity test was conducted using 20types of antibiotics include:- Amikacin, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Azithromycin, Cefoxitin,Ciprofloxacin, Clarerythromycin, Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, Gentamycin,Methicillin, Norfloxacin, Oxacillin, Penicillin, Rifampin, Teicoplanin, Tetracycline,Tobramycin and Vancomycin.Conclusion: The results showed that the highest resistance was among beta-lactam group,where the ratio was 100% resistance to Ampicillin and Penicillin, and ratio of 91% to 86.66%and 86.66% resistance to Methicillin, Oxacillin and Amoxicillin respectively.The lowest resistance was among a group of antagonists Aminoglycosides resistance and ratioswas 37.77%, 31.11% and 35.55% to Amikacin, Tobramycin and Gentamycin, respectively,while the rest have different kinds of antibiotics effects.
背景:MRSA通过获得编码青霉素结合蛋白2a (PBP2a)的mecA基因而对β-内酰胺类抗生素产生耐药性，该基因对β-内酰胺类抗生素的亲和力显著降低，从而产生β-内酰胺耐药性。目的:采用传统方法和分子方法对金黄色葡萄球菌进行分离鉴定，并测定其对不同种类抗生素的敏感性。材料与方法:2015年1月初至2015年6月底，从巴格达不同医院(Ibn Albalady, Al Yarmouk，巴格达教学医院和AlKindy)的不同来源的不同年龄组的患者中收集了210份样本。结果:210株分离物中有137株为耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌。采用阿米卡星、阿莫西林、氨苄西林、阿奇霉素、头孢西丁、环丙沙星、克拉霉素、克林霉素、氯霉素、红霉素、庆大霉素、甲氧西林、诺氟沙星、奥西林、青霉素、利福平、替柯普宁、四环素、妥布霉素、万古霉素等20种抗生素进行抗生素敏感性试验。结论:结果显示，β -内酰胺组耐药率最高，对氨苄西林和青霉素的耐药率为100%，对甲氧西林、奥西林和阿莫西林的耐药率分别为91%和86.66%。抗菌剂中氨基糖苷类药物的耐药率最低，对阿米卡星、妥布霉素和庆大霉素的耐药率分别为37.77%、31.11%和35.55%，其余抗菌剂均有不同种类的抗菌作用。
{"title":"Studying the resistance of methicillin –resistant staphylococcus aureus against Different groups of antibiotics.","authors":"H. S. Alagely, E. Ismail, Tagreed A. Kreem, A. A. Baqer, Ayad W. Alenawey, M. Iqbal","doi":"10.24126/jobrc.2022.16.2.672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2022.16.2.672","url":null,"abstract":"Back ground: MRSA developed resistance to β-lactam antibiotics through the acquisition ofthe mecA gene that encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which has a significantlyreduced affinity for β-lactam antibiotics, thereby conferring β- lactam resistance . The detectionof mecA by the (PCR) is considered a gold-standard technique for methicillin resistancedetection .Objective:This study was aimed to isolation and identification of S.aureus by traditional andmolecular methods and determine their susceptibility to different groups of antibiotics.Materials and Methods: Two hundred and ten samples were collected from different sourcesof patients in different age groups and for the period from the beginning of January 2015 untilthe end of June 2015, from different Hospitals in Baghdad (Ibn Albalady, Al Yarmouk,Baghdad teaching hospital and AlKindy).Results: Depending on the molecular methods (137) out of (210) isolates were methicillin–resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA. Antibiotic sensitivity test was conducted using 20types of antibiotics include:- Amikacin, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Azithromycin, Cefoxitin,Ciprofloxacin, Clarerythromycin, Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, Gentamycin,Methicillin, Norfloxacin, Oxacillin, Penicillin, Rifampin, Teicoplanin, Tetracycline,Tobramycin and Vancomycin.Conclusion: The results showed that the highest resistance was among beta-lactam group,where the ratio was 100% resistance to Ampicillin and Penicillin, and ratio of 91% to 86.66%and 86.66% resistance to Methicillin, Oxacillin and Amoxicillin respectively.The lowest resistance was among a group of antagonists Aminoglycosides resistance and ratioswas 37.77%, 31.11% and 35.55% to Amikacin, Tobramycin and Gentamycin, respectively,while the rest have different kinds of antibiotics effects.","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90672658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-04DOI: 10.24126/jobrc.2022.16.2.671
Ahmad Y. Hanon, Noor Al-Huda Al-Obaidi, Mohammed J. Al-Obaidi
Background: Tea is the most widely consumed beverage on the planet. Teaconsumption is helpful to human health since it includes various key elements. Thepresence of heavy metals in tea at trace levels has gotten a lot of attention since theyare linked to health.Methodology: To gather data on the prevalence of heavy metals in black tea, a basketsurvey was done in the tea markets in Baghdad.Results: A total of 36 black tea samples were examined for heavy metals. Theaverages of heavy metals levels were Pb (1.92±0.67mgkg -1) , Cu (9.4±1.51mgkg -1) , Zn(13.625±1.82mgkg -1 ), and Fe (81.15±18.52 mgkg -1 ,). According to the results, all heavymetals levels were acceptable range and no risk possible following tea consumption.Conclusion: The information in this database could be used to set tolerance limits forother heavy metals in tea.Aim: The aim of this work is to evaluate the levels of heavy metals in back tea.
{"title":"Evaluation of Related Potential Health Risks for Dry Black Tea from Baghdad's Markets","authors":"Ahmad Y. Hanon, Noor Al-Huda Al-Obaidi, Mohammed J. Al-Obaidi","doi":"10.24126/jobrc.2022.16.2.671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2022.16.2.671","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tea is the most widely consumed beverage on the planet. Teaconsumption is helpful to human health since it includes various key elements. Thepresence of heavy metals in tea at trace levels has gotten a lot of attention since theyare linked to health.Methodology: To gather data on the prevalence of heavy metals in black tea, a basketsurvey was done in the tea markets in Baghdad.Results: A total of 36 black tea samples were examined for heavy metals. Theaverages of heavy metals levels were Pb (1.92±0.67mgkg -1) , Cu (9.4±1.51mgkg -1) , Zn(13.625±1.82mgkg -1 ), and Fe (81.15±18.52 mgkg -1 ,). According to the results, all heavymetals levels were acceptable range and no risk possible following tea consumption.Conclusion: The information in this database could be used to set tolerance limits forother heavy metals in tea.Aim: The aim of this work is to evaluate the levels of heavy metals in back tea.","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75890119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-27DOI: 10.24126/jobrc.2022.16.2.667
M. N. Hassan, Ferial F. Hussein, Hazem I. Al-Ahmad
Background: The comet analysis (electromagnetic relay analysis of a single cell) is ahighly sensitive method for determining DNA damage because to exposure tocarcinogens and other substances that consequently affect fertility.Objective: the aim of this study is to Evaluation the broken DNA in male diabeticmice. Created by alloxan and knowledge of the effect of some nutritional systems onthe treatment and repair of genetic material due to diabetes.Materials and methods: In this study were used, 42 male Albino mice labs at the ageof 2-3 months and weight (25-30) g then 6 animals were isolated to represent thecontrol group, The remaining animals were injected between the thighs by alloxan 150mg / kg and left the next day to make sure hit by diabetes and randomly distributed tosix groups in addition to a set of Not affected control transactions.Results and conclusion: It was found from the results of the statistical analysis shownin figure(1) showed the presence of the highest percentage of injuries in the geneticmaterial that was in the group of animals with diabetes and untreated for the durationof the experiment, as it was clear from the photos of this group that the tail lengthresulting from the migration of the genetic material DNA to outside the nucleusbecause to its damage, as well as the results showed that the group of animals affectedby diabetes and the treatment by adding the Salvia officinalis plant to both plant andanimal nutrition had a significant decrease (<0.05> P) in the proportion of geneticmaterial injuries where the proportion of high (long guilt) infections was low in thesetwo The two groups compared to the group of animals with diabetes and untreated forthe duration of the experiment.
{"title":"The effect of Alloxan induced diabetes on baseline comet test in male laboratory mice fed on different feeding systems","authors":"M. N. Hassan, Ferial F. Hussein, Hazem I. Al-Ahmad","doi":"10.24126/jobrc.2022.16.2.667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2022.16.2.667","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The comet analysis (electromagnetic relay analysis of a single cell) is ahighly sensitive method for determining DNA damage because to exposure tocarcinogens and other substances that consequently affect fertility.Objective: the aim of this study is to Evaluation the broken DNA in male diabeticmice. Created by alloxan and knowledge of the effect of some nutritional systems onthe treatment and repair of genetic material due to diabetes.Materials and methods: In this study were used, 42 male Albino mice labs at the ageof 2-3 months and weight (25-30) g then 6 animals were isolated to represent thecontrol group, The remaining animals were injected between the thighs by alloxan 150mg / kg and left the next day to make sure hit by diabetes and randomly distributed tosix groups in addition to a set of Not affected control transactions.Results and conclusion: It was found from the results of the statistical analysis shownin figure(1) showed the presence of the highest percentage of injuries in the geneticmaterial that was in the group of animals with diabetes and untreated for the durationof the experiment, as it was clear from the photos of this group that the tail lengthresulting from the migration of the genetic material DNA to outside the nucleusbecause to its damage, as well as the results showed that the group of animals affectedby diabetes and the treatment by adding the Salvia officinalis plant to both plant andanimal nutrition had a significant decrease (<0.05> P) in the proportion of geneticmaterial injuries where the proportion of high (long guilt) infections was low in thesetwo The two groups compared to the group of animals with diabetes and untreated forthe duration of the experiment.","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87440105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.24126/jobrc.2022.16.2.665
Hawraa H. Esmail
Background: Leishmania is a parasitic protozoan that causes severe illness in humans. While pentavalent antimony compounds (Sb Drug) are used as antileishmanic drugs but are linked to limitations and many adverse complications. Objective: Therefore, commitment is still needed to find a new and successful treatment. Material & methods: In this study, the effect of Ag2O, MgO nanoparticles with mean particles size of (12-28)nm and(7-12)nm respectively on Leishmania was evaluated. Viability percentage of promastigotes following the addition of different concentrations of Ag2O, MgO nanoparticles and Sb drugs (25, 50, 100, 200 and 300 μg / ml ) to the parasite culture, assessed using colorimetric ALAMAR stain in (24,48 72)hours. Results: The concentration that the number of parasite by half (IC50) value was measured after 24, 48 and 72 hours for Sb, Ag2O NPs and MgO NPs. For Ag2O NPs the IC50 was 2.404 after 72 hours only, and doesn’t reveal any value in 24 hour, 48 hour, in comparison to Sb drug and MgO NPs which doesn't reveal IC50 value in all used concentration and periods. Conclusion: Our data determine the superiority of Ag2O NPs and MgO NPs over standard in vitro pentostam that's it. Provides the possibility of using these Ag2O NPs and MgO NPs as a drug target for candidates with better antileishmanial efficacy.
{"title":"In Vitro Study of Ag2O, MgO Nanoparticles and Sb Drug Cytotoxic Effects on Leishmania donovani","authors":"Hawraa H. Esmail","doi":"10.24126/jobrc.2022.16.2.665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2022.16.2.665","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Leishmania is a parasitic protozoan that causes severe illness in humans. While pentavalent antimony compounds (Sb Drug) are used as antileishmanic drugs but are linked to limitations and many adverse complications. \u0000Objective: Therefore, commitment is still needed to find a new and successful treatment. \u0000Material & methods: In this study, the effect of Ag2O, MgO nanoparticles with mean particles size of (12-28)nm and(7-12)nm respectively on Leishmania was evaluated. Viability percentage of promastigotes following the addition of different concentrations of Ag2O, MgO nanoparticles and Sb drugs (25, 50, 100, 200 and 300 μg / ml ) to the parasite culture, assessed using colorimetric ALAMAR stain in (24,48 72)hours. \u0000Results: The concentration that the number of parasite by half (IC50) value was measured after 24, 48 and 72 hours for Sb, Ag2O NPs and MgO NPs. For Ag2O NPs the IC50 was 2.404 after 72 hours only, and doesn’t reveal any value in 24 hour, 48 hour, in comparison to Sb drug and MgO NPs which doesn't reveal IC50 value in all used concentration and periods. \u0000Conclusion: Our data determine the superiority of Ag2O NPs and MgO NPs over standard in vitro pentostam that's it. Provides the possibility of using these Ag2O NPs and MgO NPs as a drug target for candidates with better antileishmanial efficacy.","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90330280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.24126/jobrc.2022.16.2.663
Mohammad Alrbaihat, E. AlShamaileh, A. Al-Rawajfeh
Background: In this work, one of the novel types of slow-release fertilizers (SRF)consisting of kaolin as clay material and K2SO4 was synthesized through amechanochemical process by grinding in a ball mill planetary model.Methodology: The test samples of different weight % from 25 to 75 of kaolin contentswere milled for 2 h at fixed milling speeds of about 600 rpm to assess the integrationof K2SO4 and to measure the liberation of K+and SO42-ions into solution. Theproperties of the studied samples were characterized by Fourier transformation infraredspectrometry (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA),and ion chromatography (IC). Incorporating K2SO4 into an amorphous kaolin structureusing mechanochemistry is a green chemistry method that has been successfullyapplied. K+content was measured in deionized water solution and the soil columnleaching test was performed to determine the slow-release performance of the material.Results: The optimum released amount of K+ after 24 h was for (1:1 wt ratio) kaolin -K2SO4 samples that were 123.9 ppm at milling conditions at 600 rpm milling speed for2 h.Conclusion: Indicating th
{"title":"Physio-Chemical Preparation of Slow-Release Potassium Fertilizers","authors":"Mohammad Alrbaihat, E. AlShamaileh, A. Al-Rawajfeh","doi":"10.24126/jobrc.2022.16.2.663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2022.16.2.663","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In this work, one of the novel types of slow-release fertilizers (SRF)consisting of kaolin as clay material and K2SO4 was synthesized through amechanochemical process by grinding in a ball mill planetary model.Methodology: The test samples of different weight % from 25 to 75 of kaolin contentswere milled for 2 h at fixed milling speeds of about 600 rpm to assess the integrationof K2SO4 and to measure the liberation of K+and SO42-ions into solution. Theproperties of the studied samples were characterized by Fourier transformation infraredspectrometry (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA),and ion chromatography (IC). Incorporating K2SO4 into an amorphous kaolin structureusing mechanochemistry is a green chemistry method that has been successfullyapplied. K+content was measured in deionized water solution and the soil columnleaching test was performed to determine the slow-release performance of the material.Results: The optimum released amount of K+ after 24 h was for (1:1 wt ratio) kaolin -K2SO4 samples that were 123.9 ppm at milling conditions at 600 rpm milling speed for2 h.Conclusion: Indicating th","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82940569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：