Pub Date : 2019-12-02DOI: 10.32861/jbr.512.145.153
E. A. Oguntola, F. Ologundudu, Idris Saheeb Oladele
This work investigates the growth and physiological responses of locally grown tomato cultivars with a known hybrid (Roma-VF cultivars). Seeds of two tomato cultivars: Roma VF (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.Cv) was collected from National Horticulture Research Institute (NIHORT), Ibadan while the Local tomato: Ife-1 (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. Cv) obtained from the market woman in the central market, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile- Ife. The seed of the plant were planted in perforated plastic containers containing soil collected at the base of hill 1(latitude 7’3’9.40 and longitude 4’3’24.52) in Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Osun State. The containers placed where they can have access to direct sunlight. The growth parameters of the plants were determined which include the leaf length, width and the shoot size was observed. The weight and growth rate of the shoot were determined. The fruits obtained from all the cultivar were exposed to proximate analysis. It was observed that the shoot of the two cultivars increased in the course of the experiment but at the end the shoot of Roma () was longer than that of local cultivar. More number of leaves was present in Roma compare to local one. Roma has higher moisture content (5.9% M.C)) than the local cultivar (4.7% M.C). Average number of fruits in Roma was (15) which is higher than that of local one (10). From all the parameters observed in this work it was observed that Roma cultivar which is a hybrid do far better in all indication than the local tomato cultivar. This may be as a result of Roma hybrid characteristics such as resistances to disease and unfavorable environmental factors. Equally the improved nutritional value of the Roma tomato and lot of genetically modified features are key to this cultivar (Roma) advancement.
{"title":"Physiological Responses and Nutritional Composition of Two Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) Cultivars-Roma-VF and IFE-1","authors":"E. A. Oguntola, F. Ologundudu, Idris Saheeb Oladele","doi":"10.32861/jbr.512.145.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/jbr.512.145.153","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigates the growth and physiological responses of locally grown tomato cultivars with a known hybrid (Roma-VF cultivars). Seeds of two tomato cultivars: Roma VF (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.Cv) was collected from National Horticulture Research Institute (NIHORT), Ibadan while the Local tomato: Ife-1 (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. Cv) obtained from the market woman in the central market, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile- Ife. The seed of the plant were planted in perforated plastic containers containing soil collected at the base of hill 1(latitude 7’3’9.40 and longitude 4’3’24.52) in Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Osun State. The containers placed where they can have access to direct sunlight. The growth parameters of the plants were determined which include the leaf length, width and the shoot size was observed. The weight and growth rate of the shoot were determined. The fruits obtained from all the cultivar were exposed to proximate analysis. It was observed that the shoot of the two cultivars increased in the course of the experiment but at the end the shoot of Roma () was longer than that of local cultivar. More number of leaves was present in Roma compare to local one. Roma has higher moisture content (5.9% M.C)) than the local cultivar (4.7% M.C). Average number of fruits in Roma was (15) which is higher than that of local one (10). From all the parameters observed in this work it was observed that Roma cultivar which is a hybrid do far better in all indication than the local tomato cultivar. This may be as a result of Roma hybrid characteristics such as resistances to disease and unfavorable environmental factors. Equally the improved nutritional value of the Roma tomato and lot of genetically modified features are key to this cultivar (Roma) advancement.","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86981858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-10DOI: 10.32861/jbr.511.123.127
Chrysanthus Chukwuma
This paper attempts to review available pertinent scientific and medical literature that the current global epidemic of obesity and diabetes has increased simultaneously or contemporaneously with adverse metabolic events. There is widespread established evidence that the type of carbohydrate consumed is important in the development or prevention of insulin resistance, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome. There is scarcity of published data on the combined effects of interactions between micronutrients, carbohydrates and lipids. However, there are extensive data supporting the benefits of the effects of both carbohydrates and lipids on various mechanisms of energy balance and diseases. Adequate measure is necessary to control carbohydrate-lipid interactions as they impact on obesity and diabetes.
{"title":"Regulatory and Metabolic Interactions of Carbohydrates and Lipids in Diabetes and Obesity","authors":"Chrysanthus Chukwuma","doi":"10.32861/jbr.511.123.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/jbr.511.123.127","url":null,"abstract":"This paper attempts to review available pertinent scientific and medical literature that the current global epidemic of obesity and diabetes has increased simultaneously or contemporaneously with adverse metabolic events. There is widespread established evidence that the type of carbohydrate consumed is important in the development or prevention of insulin resistance, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome. There is scarcity of published data on the combined effects of interactions between micronutrients, carbohydrates and lipids. However, there are extensive data supporting the benefits of the effects of both carbohydrates and lipids on various mechanisms of energy balance and diseases. Adequate measure is necessary to control carbohydrate-lipid interactions as they impact on obesity and diabetes.","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"352 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76589715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-10DOI: 10.32861/jbr.511.107.112
Shittu M. D., ;Adesina G. O., Eseigbe S.
In an experiment to determine the effect of feeding graded levels of Ipomoea asarifolia Leaf Meal (IALM) on the growth, heamatology and serum chemistry of rabbits in the tropics, twenty-four (24) weaned male rabbits, 6-8 weeks old, were randomly allotted to four (4) dietary treatments in which IALM was used to replaced soybean meal (SBM) at 0% (control), 10%, 20%, and 30% with six (6) rabbits per treatment in a completely randomized design experiment. Each rabbit constituted a replicate. Feed and water were offer ad libitum while other standard management practices were meticulously observed. The Proximate analysis of the diets and leaf was determined according to the AOAC [1] for crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract (fat) and ash while haematological analysis was done using Sysmex KX-21N automated analyzer and while serum parameters were analyzed following standard procedure. The data obtained were subjected to one-way analysis of variance in a completely randomized design experiment. The IALM had average crude fibre percentage of 7.15%, while crude protein, ash, ether extract and metabolisable energy were 28.40%, 11.00%, 7.10%, 3236.15 KcalKg) respectively. All growth parameters were affected by IALM except weight gained and FCR. Haematological and serological parameters measured at the end of 8 weeks of feeding indicated significant (P<0.05) variations in, mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) and alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, globulin, platelet, white blood cell count (WBC) and total serum proteins with variations in the level of dietary IALM. The aspartate amino acid, alanine amino acid, red blood cell count, mean cell volume (MCV), and intermediate cell count were, however, unaffected (P>0.05) by variations in the level of dietary IALM.
{"title":"Productive Performance and Blood Profile of Weaner Rabbit Fed Different Inclusion Levels of Ipomoea asarifolia Leaf Meal in Replacement of Soybean Meal","authors":"Shittu M. D., ;Adesina G. O., Eseigbe S.","doi":"10.32861/jbr.511.107.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/jbr.511.107.112","url":null,"abstract":"In an experiment to determine the effect of feeding graded levels of Ipomoea asarifolia Leaf Meal (IALM) on the growth, heamatology and serum chemistry of rabbits in the tropics, twenty-four (24) weaned male rabbits, 6-8 weeks old, were randomly allotted to four (4) dietary treatments in which IALM was used to replaced soybean meal (SBM) at 0% (control), 10%, 20%, and 30% with six (6) rabbits per treatment in a completely randomized design experiment. Each rabbit constituted a replicate. Feed and water were offer ad libitum while other standard management practices were meticulously observed. The Proximate analysis of the diets and leaf was determined according to the AOAC [1] for crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract (fat) and ash while haematological analysis was done using Sysmex KX-21N automated analyzer and while serum parameters were analyzed following standard procedure. The data obtained were subjected to one-way analysis of variance in a completely randomized design experiment. The IALM had average crude fibre percentage of 7.15%, while crude protein, ash, ether extract and metabolisable energy were 28.40%, 11.00%, 7.10%, 3236.15 KcalKg) respectively. All growth parameters were affected by IALM except weight gained and FCR. Haematological and serological parameters measured at the end of 8 weeks of feeding indicated significant (P<0.05) variations in, mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) and alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, globulin, platelet, white blood cell count (WBC) and total serum proteins with variations in the level of dietary IALM. The aspartate amino acid, alanine amino acid, red blood cell count, mean cell volume (MCV), and intermediate cell count were, however, unaffected (P>0.05) by variations in the level of dietary IALM.","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88340411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-10DOI: 10.32861/jbr.511.113.122
T. Habib, M. El-Sayed, F. Ali, Tawfiq M. Almsatar
Background: Presently, there are wide uses of detergents, which discharged to marine environment (Mediterrean sea). Detergents are organic chemical compounds, consisting of fatty acids, and different components of Alkyl Benzene, Sulphonates, Polyphosphates, Cellulose, Sucrinic acid, and Sodium Lauryl Sulfates. Further, even if at low concentrations, the synthetic detergents are considered to be toxic to marine biodiversity. Since, these surfactants are not completely degraded by waste water treatment. It has ability to damage the DNA and accumulated on fish and other marine organisms. Methods: Flow cytometry technique was applied, because it’s accuracy for analysis of DNA contents. Hence, the present study evaluated the impact of sodium lauryl sulfate as synthetic detergent on the DNA of sardine fish as a marine biological indicator. Sardinella aurita was collected from clean and SLS-contaminated sites. The flow cytometry technique was employed to assess levels of active (apoptosis) and passive (necrosis) cell death in both exposed and unexposed fishes to SLS. Result: Chemical detergent contains 120 ml (i.e., 20mg/L) of sodium lauryl sulfates. The result shows more distinct and significant differences of the early and late apoptosis/ necrosis of Sardine fish liver, compared with unexposed fish samples from cleaned reference site. Conclusions: The present data indicate that SLS was able to cause toxicity to fish. Data recorded revealed that toxicity as a significant accumulation of hepatic tissue cellular DNA during the G0-G1 in a significant way (P<0.05), compared with that of unexposed liver tissue. In the same way, there was an insignificant accumulation of hepatic cell’s DNA in the S phase but not during the G2/M phase, finally there was a significant arrest / DNA accumulation during the PreG1- phase (P<0.05). In the meantime, accompanies of apoptotic profile of cells exposed to SLS showed a significant total apoptotic form significantly elevated compared with reference site.
{"title":"Marine Pollution of Chemicals Detergents Contamination Induced Apoptosis and Necrosis in Fish Liver (Sardine aurita) by Flow Cytometry DNA Measurements","authors":"T. Habib, M. El-Sayed, F. Ali, Tawfiq M. Almsatar","doi":"10.32861/jbr.511.113.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/jbr.511.113.122","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Presently, there are wide uses of detergents, which discharged to marine environment (Mediterrean sea). Detergents are organic chemical compounds, consisting of fatty acids, and different components of Alkyl Benzene, Sulphonates, Polyphosphates, Cellulose, Sucrinic acid, and Sodium Lauryl Sulfates. Further, even if at low concentrations, the synthetic detergents are considered to be toxic to marine biodiversity. Since, these surfactants are not completely degraded by waste water treatment. It has ability to damage the DNA and accumulated on fish and other marine organisms. Methods: Flow cytometry technique was applied, because it’s accuracy for analysis of DNA contents. Hence, the present study evaluated the impact of sodium lauryl sulfate as synthetic detergent on the DNA of sardine fish as a marine biological indicator. Sardinella aurita was collected from clean and SLS-contaminated sites. The flow cytometry technique was employed to assess levels of active (apoptosis) and passive (necrosis) cell death in both exposed and unexposed fishes to SLS. Result: Chemical detergent contains 120 ml (i.e., 20mg/L) of sodium lauryl sulfates. The result shows more distinct and significant differences of the early and late apoptosis/ necrosis of Sardine fish liver, compared with unexposed fish samples from cleaned reference site. Conclusions: The present data indicate that SLS was able to cause toxicity to fish. Data recorded revealed that toxicity as a significant accumulation of hepatic tissue cellular DNA during the G0-G1 in a significant way (P<0.05), compared with that of unexposed liver tissue. In the same way, there was an insignificant accumulation of hepatic cell’s DNA in the S phase but not during the G2/M phase, finally there was a significant arrest / DNA accumulation during the PreG1- phase (P<0.05). In the meantime, accompanies of apoptotic profile of cells exposed to SLS showed a significant total apoptotic form significantly elevated compared with reference site.","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79265899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pasta are present in the basic basket of the Brazilian population and constitute one of the main substitutes for rice. The ingredient traditionally used in the preparation of these pastas is wheat flour, in which gluten is present. Gluten is proven to be related to some diseases that have been increasingly common in our population. The aim of this work was conduct an integrative review on the main wheat substitutes in the preparation of gluten-free pasta. For this, the following question arose: what are the current substitutes for wheat in the preparation of gluten-free pasta? The survey was conducted from January to June 2019, in the main electronic databases and online platforms. 84 articles were found, and 14 articles were included because they were eligible. Thirteen different raw materials were found, used in the preparation of noodles, rice being the most prevalent in substitution to wheat. The range of ingredients that can be used for wheat substitution is evident, but it is expected that further studies will be carried out in order to be able to produce pasta with characteristics closer to those offered by gluten and that are sensorial accepted by the population.
Lipids correlate with membrane characteristics and functionalities as macromolecular constituentts in all cellular processes. Numerous aspects of lipid modulation of protein activity and structure are not completely understood and, thus a holistic systematic investigation activities will be pertinent. Protein-lipid interactions are the resultant impacts of membrane proteins on lipid physical states or vice versa. Encompassing research needs to be associated with strategies to elucidate whether proteins contain binding sites which are lipid specific, and that the protein-lipid complexes are ostensibly long-lived, on the time order necessary for the turnover of a normal enzyme. Biological membranes have since been determined as essential ingredients in an expansive array of cellular processes, such as photosynthesis, cell defence, signaling transduction, communication and motility. Therefore, they constitute multiple targets in both basic and applied research. Protein-lipid interactions are becoming increasingly relevant to the morphological characterization of membrane proteins as related to their functionalities. Excepting for simplified models, certain protein-lipid interactions specifically constitute remarkable challenges which require optimum experimental paradigm and design.
{"title":"Characterization of Protein-Lipid Interactions in Biosystems Processes","authors":"Chrysanthus Chukwuma","doi":"10.32861/jbr.510.93.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/jbr.510.93.99","url":null,"abstract":"Lipids correlate with membrane characteristics and functionalities as macromolecular constituentts in all cellular processes. Numerous aspects of lipid modulation of protein activity and structure are not completely understood and, thus a holistic systematic investigation activities will be pertinent. Protein-lipid interactions are the resultant impacts of membrane proteins on lipid physical states or vice versa. Encompassing research needs to be associated with strategies to elucidate whether proteins contain binding sites which are lipid specific, and that the protein-lipid complexes are ostensibly long-lived, on the time order necessary for the turnover of a normal enzyme. Biological membranes have since been determined as essential ingredients in an expansive array of cellular processes, such as photosynthesis, cell defence, signaling transduction, communication and motility. Therefore, they constitute multiple targets in both basic and applied research. Protein-lipid interactions are becoming increasingly relevant to the morphological characterization of membrane proteins as related to their functionalities. Excepting for simplified models, certain protein-lipid interactions specifically constitute remarkable challenges which require optimum experimental paradigm and design.","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85339457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Industrial and municipal wastewater typically contains metal ions. When these metal ions are more than allowed, they can be harmful to aquatic organisms and human health. Environmental pollution by heavy metals is one of the main environmental problems. In this study, microbial nano cellulose was used as adsorbents in removing copper from wastewater. The purpose of this study was to study the possibility or impossibility of removing heavy metal copper by microbial nano cellulose under various environmental conditions. Removal of copper under different conditions was investigated by microbial and dry microbial nano cellulose adsorbent, contact time of 30 and 60 min and ambient temperature and temperature of 〖60〗^℃. For further investigation, flame atomic absorption spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy were used to illustrate the structure of microbial nano cellulose. The results showed that microbial nano cellulose are suitable for the development of economical and efficient adsorbents to remove heavy metals from the aquatic environment. According to the results, the initial metal content in the solution was 1.83 ppm, which increased with increasing temperature and time of absorption. Comparison between microbial nano cellulose and dry microbial nano cellulose. The results showed that absorption in the microbial cellulose nanoparticles is more than dry, due to the microbial cellulose structure. Also, using infrared spectroscopy, microbial nano cellulose absorption bands alone and dried microbial nanoclayers were compared with each other in a heavy metal solution, and no new absorption bar was created. As a result, the absorption of microbial cellulose nanoparticles was better at higher temperatures and more time than the rest.
{"title":"Removal of Heavy Metal of Copper Using Microbial Nano Cellulose from Industrial and Hospital Wastewater","authors":"A. Ashjaran, Pegah Zare","doi":"10.32861/jbr.59.85.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/jbr.59.85.92","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial and municipal wastewater typically contains metal ions. When these metal ions are more than allowed, they can be harmful to aquatic organisms and human health. Environmental pollution by heavy metals is one of the main environmental problems. In this study, microbial nano cellulose was used as adsorbents in removing copper from wastewater. The purpose of this study was to study the possibility or impossibility of removing heavy metal copper by microbial nano cellulose under various environmental conditions. Removal of copper under different conditions was investigated by microbial and dry microbial nano cellulose adsorbent, contact time of 30 and 60 min and ambient temperature and temperature of 〖60〗^℃. For further investigation, flame atomic absorption spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy were used to illustrate the structure of microbial nano cellulose. The results showed that microbial nano cellulose are suitable for the development of economical and efficient adsorbents to remove heavy metals from the aquatic environment. According to the results, the initial metal content in the solution was 1.83 ppm, which increased with increasing temperature and time of absorption. Comparison between microbial nano cellulose and dry microbial nano cellulose. The results showed that absorption in the microbial cellulose nanoparticles is more than dry, due to the microbial cellulose structure. Also, using infrared spectroscopy, microbial nano cellulose absorption bands alone and dried microbial nanoclayers were compared with each other in a heavy metal solution, and no new absorption bar was created. As a result, the absorption of microbial cellulose nanoparticles was better at higher temperatures and more time than the rest.","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72688264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The assessment of genetic diversity among 23 sesame genotypes (Sesamum indicum L.) obtained from different locations across 10 states in Nigeria was carried out using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. The field trial tests were carried out on the 23 sesame accessions for two seasons to have uniform genotypes from each accessions. A standard protocol of CTAB with slight modifications was employed for DNA extracted from the harvested seeds. The extracted DNA samples were observed under UV illumination using agarose gel electrophoresis after staining with ethidium bromide. A total of 7 primers were used for PCR amplification, 5 of which have been previously used to discriminate sesame genotypes from other countries. Only 3 of the 7 primers considered produced strong amplification with the selected 23 sesame samples. A total of 47 amplified products were produced by the 3 primers among the 23 accessions all of which are 100% polymorphic. The estimates of similarity index for the 23 accessions ranged from 0.29 to 0.92. Cluster analysis revealed 2 main clusters with some of the accessions from different geographical origin cluster together in the same group which might indicate the involvement of human factor in the spread of sesame varieties in Nigeria. The relevance of RAPD to this study was evident from the high level of polymorphism reported in this study. There is therefore existence of adequate genetic diversity among the 23 Nigerian sesame accessions for sesame breeders to develop improved varieties.
{"title":"Characterization of Nigerian Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) Using Random Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Marker","authors":"Alege Gbenga Olorunshola","doi":"10.32861/jbr.59.77.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/jbr.59.77.84","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of genetic diversity among 23 sesame genotypes (Sesamum indicum L.) obtained from different locations across 10 states in Nigeria was carried out using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. The field trial tests were carried out on the 23 sesame accessions for two seasons to have uniform genotypes from each accessions. A standard protocol of CTAB with slight modifications was employed for DNA extracted from the harvested seeds. The extracted DNA samples were observed under UV illumination using agarose gel electrophoresis after staining with ethidium bromide. A total of 7 primers were used for PCR amplification, 5 of which have been previously used to discriminate sesame genotypes from other countries. Only 3 of the 7 primers considered produced strong amplification with the selected 23 sesame samples. A total of 47 amplified products were produced by the 3 primers among the 23 accessions all of which are 100% polymorphic. The estimates of similarity index for the 23 accessions ranged from 0.29 to 0.92. Cluster analysis revealed 2 main clusters with some of the accessions from different geographical origin cluster together in the same group which might indicate the involvement of human factor in the spread of sesame varieties in Nigeria. The relevance of RAPD to this study was evident from the high level of polymorphism reported in this study. There is therefore existence of adequate genetic diversity among the 23 Nigerian sesame accessions for sesame breeders to develop improved varieties.","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89180877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eneh Frank Uchenna, Okeke Chidi Benjamin, Igbokwe Gabriel Ejike, Okpala Chukwuemeka Obumneme, Nwachukwu Godslove Pephel
The aqueous ethanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimum gratissimum, Cymbopogon citrates and Annona muricata were screened for antibacterial activities at 200mg/ml concentration. Antibacterial efficacy of extracts against the bacteria were identified by gram staining techniques, coagulase and catalase tests and the bacterial isolate was indicated by the appearance of clear zones of inhibition around the disks. The extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Ocimum gratissimum showed inhibitory activities against the bacterial isolate with zones of inhibition of 12mm and 8.5mm respectively while extracts of C.citratus and A.muricata showed no zone of inhibition. Result of the antimicrobial activity of the extracts compared effectively with the activity of standard fumigant with extract of V. amydalina showing the highest potency which was used in preparation of a local fumigant. The minimum inhibitory concentration of V.amygdalina and O.gratissimum were 25mg/ml and 50mg/ml respectively which were not determined in C.citratus and A.muricata. In conclusion, the results of this investigation showed that the aqueous ethanolic leaf extracts of V. amygdalina and O. gratissimum can be used as an effective control measure for the elimination of citrus canker of Citrus sinensis.
{"title":"Antibacterial Effects of Aqueous Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Ocimum gratissimum, Cymbopogon citratus, Vernonia amygdalina and Annona muricata on the Isolated Pathogenic Organism of Citrus Canker from Citrus sinensis (Sweet Orange)","authors":"Eneh Frank Uchenna, Okeke Chidi Benjamin, Igbokwe Gabriel Ejike, Okpala Chukwuemeka Obumneme, Nwachukwu Godslove Pephel","doi":"10.32861/jbr.58.64.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/jbr.58.64.68","url":null,"abstract":"The aqueous ethanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimum gratissimum, Cymbopogon citrates and Annona muricata were screened for antibacterial activities at 200mg/ml concentration. Antibacterial efficacy of extracts against the bacteria were identified by gram staining techniques, coagulase and catalase tests and the bacterial isolate was indicated by the appearance of clear zones of inhibition around the disks. The extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Ocimum gratissimum showed inhibitory activities against the bacterial isolate with zones of inhibition of 12mm and 8.5mm respectively while extracts of C.citratus and A.muricata showed no zone of inhibition. Result of the antimicrobial activity of the extracts compared effectively with the activity of standard fumigant with extract of V. amydalina showing the highest potency which was used in preparation of a local fumigant. The minimum inhibitory concentration of V.amygdalina and O.gratissimum were 25mg/ml and 50mg/ml respectively which were not determined in C.citratus and A.muricata. In conclusion, the results of this investigation showed that the aqueous ethanolic leaf extracts of V. amygdalina and O. gratissimum can be used as an effective control measure for the elimination of citrus canker of Citrus sinensis.","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73934022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The presence of sodium Lauryl sulfates (SLS) as synthetic detergents, in marine environment arises mainly from its presence in complex domestic and industrial effluents as well as its release directly from some applications (e.g., oil dispersants and pesticides). It has been reported that SLS is toxic and affects survival of aquatic animals such as fishes, microbes like yeasts and bacteria. It is also toxic to mammals like mice and humans but to a lesser extent. Many studies have shown that the direct discharge of untreated wastewater into aquatic environment containing anionic surfactants causes significant damage to the aquatic environment due to the growth of algae that consume oxygen needed for the life of aquatic organisms. These damages in the aquatic environment are caused not only by the presence of anionic surfactants (SLS), but also by their interaction with other pollutants in the aquatic environment, which increases their toxic effect on aquatic organisms. Such detergents, however, became a public nuisance because they were neither soluble nor biodegradable. The present study intended to evaluate the fate of SLS as synthetic detergents on Tripoli coastal site of Libya, and quantifying their impacts on fish (Sardine aurita) DNA mutation, compared with other species through literature review. Our results provide functional evidence for genome toxicity of fish, of the DNA mutation caused by detergents effluents. This study provides the rationale for a simple genetic test to identify the impacts of detergents on aquatic ecosystem of Libyan coastal region.
{"title":"RAPD-Contaminant Indicative Bands Induced by Sodium Lauryl Sulfate of Economic Fish (Sardine Aurita) from Libyan Coasts","authors":"T. Habib, M. El-Sayed, F. Ali, Tawfiq M. Almsatar","doi":"10.32861/jbr.58.69.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/jbr.58.69.76","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of sodium Lauryl sulfates (SLS) as synthetic detergents, in marine environment arises mainly from its presence in complex domestic and industrial effluents as well as its release directly from some applications (e.g., oil dispersants and pesticides). It has been reported that SLS is toxic and affects survival of aquatic animals such as fishes, microbes like yeasts and bacteria. It is also toxic to mammals like mice and humans but to a lesser extent. Many studies have shown that the direct discharge of untreated wastewater into aquatic environment containing anionic surfactants causes significant damage to the aquatic environment due to the growth of algae that consume oxygen needed for the life of aquatic organisms. These damages in the aquatic environment are caused not only by the presence of anionic surfactants (SLS), but also by their interaction with other pollutants in the aquatic environment, which increases their toxic effect on aquatic organisms. Such detergents, however, became a public nuisance because they were neither soluble nor biodegradable. The present study intended to evaluate the fate of SLS as synthetic detergents on Tripoli coastal site of Libya, and quantifying their impacts on fish (Sardine aurita) DNA mutation, compared with other species through literature review. Our results provide functional evidence for genome toxicity of fish, of the DNA mutation caused by detergents effluents. This study provides the rationale for a simple genetic test to identify the impacts of detergents on aquatic ecosystem of Libyan coastal region.","PeriodicalId":15122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology Research Center","volume":"2017 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86753426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：