Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v11i2.847
Farah Afiqah Shafiee, Helmi Wasoh, Murni Halim, Nor’Aini Abdul Rahman, Zixuen Gan, Z. Sobri, Sabri Pak Dek
Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) contains a high number of organic materials that cause deleterious effects on the aquatic ecosystem when discharged into water bodies without proper pretreatment. The quality of POME final discharge is usually determined based on chemical monitoring methods such as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). In this study, biological monitoring methods were used to evaluate the toxicity effects of POME final discharge and to characterize the physical and chemical nature of toxicants present in the effluent through acute Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) using Daphnia magna. The Toxicity Unit (TU) and median lethal concentration (LC50) of POME final discharge from the WET test were 11.09 and 9.02% (v/v), respectively. It is recommended that this method be improved to explore more effects of POME final discharge on the aquatic ecosystem.
{"title":"Biological and Physicochemical Evaluation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Final Discharge from Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia","authors":"Farah Afiqah Shafiee, Helmi Wasoh, Murni Halim, Nor’Aini Abdul Rahman, Zixuen Gan, Z. Sobri, Sabri Pak Dek","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v11i2.847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v11i2.847","url":null,"abstract":"Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) contains a high number of organic materials that cause deleterious effects on the aquatic ecosystem when discharged into water bodies without proper pretreatment. The quality of POME final discharge is usually determined based on chemical monitoring methods such as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). In this study, biological monitoring methods were used to evaluate the toxicity effects of POME final discharge and to characterize the physical and chemical nature of toxicants present in the effluent through acute Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) using Daphnia magna. The Toxicity Unit (TU) and median lethal concentration (LC50) of POME final discharge from the WET test were 11.09 and 9.02% (v/v), respectively. It is recommended that this method be improved to explore more effects of POME final discharge on the aquatic ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":" 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v11i2.836
Sharani Rathakrishnan, Iffa Nadhira Hazanol, Mohd Haziq Izzazuddin Dali, Muhammad Syahreel Azhad Sha'fie, Syahida Ahmad, N. Alitheen, S. S. Mortadza
Copper (Cu) is one of the critical elements needed by the human body. However, this metal can cause cytotoxicity when present in excess amounts. In this study, we used HT22 hippocampus cells to examine the function of the Ca2+-permeable transient receptor melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel in Cu-induced neuronal cell death and the underlying mechanisms. Immunocytochemistry, single-cell imaging, acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) cell death assay and immunofluorescence microscopy were applied to interpret the mechanisms involved in Cu-induced HT22 cell death. Treatment of 30-300 μM Cu induced an increase in the [Ca2+]i in HT22 cells. Further analysis indicates that Cu exposure induced substantial HT22 cell death. Such response on HT22 cells was significantly inhibited by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid (ACA), TRPM2 channel inhibitors. Furthermore, Cu-induced HT22 cell death was suppressed by pharmacologically inhibiting poly(ADPR) polymerase (PARP) using PJ-34 and DPQ. It is known that the activation of TRPM2 channel is via the increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). A significant concentration-dependent increase in the generation of ROS was observed in HT22 following the treatment with 30-300 μM Cu. Additionally, Cu-induced HT22 cell death was ablated by inhibiting PKC using CTC, a PKC inhibitor and NADPH oxidase (NOX) using DPI, a NOX generic inhibitor and GKT137831, a NOX1/4-specific inhibitor. Overall, our present study provides evidence suggesting that PKC/NOX/ROS/PARP is an important signalling pathway in Cu-induced activation of the TRPM2 channel and increase in the [Ca2+]i which eventually results in the toxicity of HT22 cells. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms of neurological-associated Cu-induced diseases.
{"title":"Signalling Mechanism in TRPM2-dependent Copper- induced HT22 Cell Death","authors":"Sharani Rathakrishnan, Iffa Nadhira Hazanol, Mohd Haziq Izzazuddin Dali, Muhammad Syahreel Azhad Sha'fie, Syahida Ahmad, N. Alitheen, S. S. Mortadza","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v11i2.836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v11i2.836","url":null,"abstract":"Copper (Cu) is one of the critical elements needed by the human body. However, this metal can cause cytotoxicity when present in excess amounts. In this study, we used HT22 hippocampus cells to examine the function of the Ca2+-permeable transient receptor melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel in Cu-induced neuronal cell death and the underlying mechanisms. Immunocytochemistry, single-cell imaging, acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) cell death assay and immunofluorescence microscopy were applied to interpret the mechanisms involved in Cu-induced HT22 cell death. Treatment of 30-300 μM Cu induced an increase in the [Ca2+]i in HT22 cells. Further analysis indicates that Cu exposure induced substantial HT22 cell death. Such response on HT22 cells was significantly inhibited by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid (ACA), TRPM2 channel inhibitors. Furthermore, Cu-induced HT22 cell death was suppressed by pharmacologically inhibiting poly(ADPR) polymerase (PARP) using PJ-34 and DPQ. It is known that the activation of TRPM2 channel is via the increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). A significant concentration-dependent increase in the generation of ROS was observed in HT22 following the treatment with 30-300 μM Cu. Additionally, Cu-induced HT22 cell death was ablated by inhibiting PKC using CTC, a PKC inhibitor and NADPH oxidase (NOX) using DPI, a NOX generic inhibitor and GKT137831, a NOX1/4-specific inhibitor. Overall, our present study provides evidence suggesting that PKC/NOX/ROS/PARP is an important signalling pathway in Cu-induced activation of the TRPM2 channel and increase in the [Ca2+]i which eventually results in the toxicity of HT22 cells. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms of neurological-associated Cu-induced diseases.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139154636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.804
Y. Omuya, A. Sufyan, A. Babandi, M. Ya’u, Slamet Ibrahim, K. Musa, M.M. Jibril, K. Babagana, J. Mashi, D. Shehu, H. M. Yakasai
Microorganisms play a crucial role in the detoxification and elimination of harmful substances from the environment. Acrylamide is a major pollutant in soil from the breaking down of pesticide addictive. Slowly but steadily, the used of microbe-mediated acrylamide breakdown as a bioremediation approach has gained attention all around the world. This research was aimed to characterize the potential of previously isolated bacteria for acrylamide degradation. In this research five previously isolated bacteria were screened on minimal salt media (MSM) to assess their potential for utilizing acrylamide as the sole nitrogen source. Of all the isolates, isolate D, identified as Alcaligenes sp., displayed the highest growth on acrylamide supplemented MSM agar medium. The optimum conditions for acrylamide degradation by this bacterium were acrylamide concentration of 600 mg/L, pH 7.0, an inoculum size of 400 µL, an incubation time of 96 h, glucose concentration of 4 g/L and temperature of 35 oC. The ability of this isolate to convert toxic acrylamide into less harmful form is a novel finding, highlighting its significance as a valuable tool for bioremediation of this pollutant.
{"title":"Characterizing the Potentials of Alcaligenes sp. for Acrylamide Degradation","authors":"Y. Omuya, A. Sufyan, A. Babandi, M. Ya’u, Slamet Ibrahim, K. Musa, M.M. Jibril, K. Babagana, J. Mashi, D. Shehu, H. M. Yakasai","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.804","url":null,"abstract":"Microorganisms play a crucial role in the detoxification and elimination of harmful substances from the environment. Acrylamide is a major pollutant in soil from the breaking down of pesticide addictive. Slowly but steadily, the used of microbe-mediated acrylamide breakdown as a bioremediation approach has gained attention all around the world. This research was aimed to characterize the potential of previously isolated bacteria for acrylamide degradation. In this research five previously isolated bacteria were screened on minimal salt media (MSM) to assess their potential for utilizing acrylamide as the sole nitrogen source. Of all the isolates, isolate D, identified as Alcaligenes sp., displayed the highest growth on acrylamide supplemented MSM agar medium. The optimum conditions for acrylamide degradation by this bacterium were acrylamide concentration of 600 mg/L, pH 7.0, an inoculum size of 400 µL, an incubation time of 96 h, glucose concentration of 4 g/L and temperature of 35 oC. The ability of this isolate to convert toxic acrylamide into less harmful form is a novel finding, highlighting its significance as a valuable tool for bioremediation of this pollutant.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87603297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.803
I.U. Muhammad, A.A. Imam, S. Khadijah
Suspicion of failure in the effectiveness of artemisinin-based combination therapies (currently the first-line treatment of malaria, worldwide) is leading to the unofficial use of alternative antimalarials, including chloroquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine in Kano state northwestern Nigeria. To facilitate evidence-based resistance management, antimalarial resistance mutations were investigated in Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance-1 (pfmdr1) gene. Hundred adult patients comprising 43 males and 57 females were recruited for the study. The mean age of participants is 36.4 years, minimum and maximum ages were 16 and 60 years respectively, while 41% of them fall within the range of 16 to 30 years. Blood isolates were then analyzed for the presence of malaria parasite using microscopy, the results show a high prevalence of P. falciparum infection in the subject (30%). Pfmdr1 gene, a molecular marker of artemisinin resistance, was successfully sequenced in 21 out of 100 P. falciparum isolates collected from recruited participants. Pfmdr1 mutations were found in 19.5% (4/33) of the samples isolated. The prevalence of the Pfmdr1 N86Y allele was found in 4 samples whilst Y184F and D1246Y were not detected. A total of 4 non-synonymous mutations at codon N86Y were detected. The presence of these mutations highlights the challenges for malaria treatment in Kano state, northwestern Nigeria using antimalarials such as artemether lumefantrine, mefloquine, amodiaquine quinine and lumefantrine.
{"title":"Plasmodium falciparum Multidrug Resistance-1 (pfmdr1) Gene Mutation in Adults Malaria Patients Attending Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital Kano, Northwest Nigeria","authors":"I.U. Muhammad, A.A. Imam, S. Khadijah","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.803","url":null,"abstract":"Suspicion of failure in the effectiveness of artemisinin-based combination therapies (currently the first-line treatment of malaria, worldwide) is leading to the unofficial use of alternative antimalarials, including chloroquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine in Kano state northwestern Nigeria. To facilitate evidence-based resistance management, antimalarial resistance mutations were investigated in Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance-1 (pfmdr1) gene. Hundred adult patients comprising 43 males and 57 females were recruited for the study. The mean age of participants is 36.4 years, minimum and maximum ages were 16 and 60 years respectively, while 41% of them fall within the range of 16 to 30 years. Blood isolates were then analyzed for the presence of malaria parasite using microscopy, the results show a high prevalence of P. falciparum infection in the subject (30%). Pfmdr1 gene, a molecular marker of artemisinin resistance, was successfully sequenced in 21 out of 100 P. falciparum isolates collected from recruited participants. Pfmdr1 mutations were found in 19.5% (4/33) of the samples isolated. The prevalence of the Pfmdr1 N86Y allele was found in 4 samples whilst Y184F and D1246Y were not detected. A total of 4 non-synonymous mutations at codon N86Y were detected. The presence of these mutations highlights the challenges for malaria treatment in Kano state, northwestern Nigeria using antimalarials such as artemether lumefantrine, mefloquine, amodiaquine quinine and lumefantrine.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"182 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80530268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.817
Mohamad Fazwan Afiq Mohd Azni, Wan Lutfi Wan Johari, Siti Sarah Mohamad Zaid, Hassan Mohd Daud
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have attracted increasing concerns because of their unique properties and widespread applications in industry, which may adversely impact not only specific ecosystems but also human health. Although numerous studies have investigated the influence of ZnO on fish, there is a paucity of information available regarding the LC50 value of ZnO NPs and effects of ZnO NPs on physical and behavioural of red tilapia Oreochromis sp., which are a vital fish-producing species in Malaysia. In this study, the effects of acute exposure of ZnO NPs (30-50 nm) were conducted in red juvenile tilapia fish (Oreochromis sp.) consisting: i) the assessment of the concentration-response curves and median lethal concentration (LC50) at 96 hours (4 days); and ii) evaluating the toxicity effects of ZnO NPs exposure on red tilapia based on the LC50 at 96 hours by observing behavioral and physical changes. 10 juvenile fish in each tank were exposed in the static non-renewable test solution for 96 hour (4 days). The LC50 value of ZnO NPs was 80.326 mg/L after 96 h of exposure. Physical and behavioral alterations were observed, including changes in swimming patterns, buoyancy control, ventilation, aggression, and appearance. Generally, red tilapia at higher concentrations exhibited dense schooling behavior, loss of buoyancy control, lethargy, movement in water, hypo- and hyperventilation, frequent gulping at the surface of the water, and increased aggression towards cannibalism. However, the colour of fish skin from each concentration does not show any changes observed to the fish along the 96-hours period of study.
{"title":"Range Findings of Lethal Concentration of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) to Juvenile Red Tilapia","authors":"Mohamad Fazwan Afiq Mohd Azni, Wan Lutfi Wan Johari, Siti Sarah Mohamad Zaid, Hassan Mohd Daud","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.817","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have attracted increasing concerns because of their unique properties and widespread applications in industry, which may adversely impact not only specific ecosystems but also human health. Although numerous studies have investigated the influence of ZnO on fish, there is a paucity of information available regarding the LC50 value of ZnO NPs and effects of ZnO NPs on physical and behavioural of red tilapia Oreochromis sp., which are a vital fish-producing species in Malaysia. In this study, the effects of acute exposure of ZnO NPs (30-50 nm) were conducted in red juvenile tilapia fish (Oreochromis sp.) consisting: i) the assessment of the concentration-response curves and median lethal concentration (LC50) at 96 hours (4 days); and ii) evaluating the toxicity effects of ZnO NPs exposure on red tilapia based on the LC50 at 96 hours by observing behavioral and physical changes. 10 juvenile fish in each tank were exposed in the static non-renewable test solution for 96 hour (4 days). The LC50 value of ZnO NPs was 80.326 mg/L after 96 h of exposure. Physical and behavioral alterations were observed, including changes in swimming patterns, buoyancy control, ventilation, aggression, and appearance. Generally, red tilapia at higher concentrations exhibited dense schooling behavior, loss of buoyancy control, lethargy, movement in water, hypo- and hyperventilation, frequent gulping at the surface of the water, and increased aggression towards cannibalism. However, the colour of fish skin from each concentration does not show any changes observed to the fish along the 96-hours period of study.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135315053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.801
Zainab Biola Abdulsalam, K. Eniola, Sunday Awe
The indiscriminate use of Lambda Cyhalothrin (LC), one of the commonly used synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) insecticides in agriculture, has led to the contamination of different environments with potentially serious impacts on the health of humans and animals. This study investigated the presence of LC-degrading bacteria in cultivated soils. Bacteria were isolated from agricultural soil on mineral salt medium (MSM) using an enrichment technique. They were characterized and identified. Their growth in different concentrations (50 mg/L, 75 mg/L, 100 mg/L, and 125 mg/L) of LC was studied, Potential to degrade LC was assessed by the growth of the bacteria in a mineral salts medium containing LC as the sole carbon source over 14 days. Five bacteria able to grow in MSM with LC as the sole source of carbon and on nutrient agar enriched with 100mg/L of LC were isolated. Their growth (turbidity and viable counts of the bacterial cells) increased from the third day till the sixth day, after which it declined till the 14th day. The Lambda Cyhalothrin-degrading bacterial isolates (LCDB) were tentatively identified as Bacillus species, Klebsiella species, Pseudomonas species, and Lysinibacillusspecies. These results indicated that these bacterial isolates are potentially able to degrade LC and can be useful for the remediation of SPs-contaminated agricultural soils.
{"title":"Isolation, Characterization and Screening of Potential Lambda-Cyhalothrin-Degrading Bacteria from Cultivated Soil in Moro, Kwara State, Nigeria","authors":"Zainab Biola Abdulsalam, K. Eniola, Sunday Awe","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.801","url":null,"abstract":"The indiscriminate use of Lambda Cyhalothrin (LC), one of the commonly used synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) insecticides in agriculture, has led to the contamination of different environments with potentially serious impacts on the health of humans and animals. This study investigated the presence of LC-degrading bacteria in cultivated soils. Bacteria were isolated from agricultural soil on mineral salt medium (MSM) using an enrichment technique. They were characterized and identified. Their growth in different concentrations (50 mg/L, 75 mg/L, 100 mg/L, and 125 mg/L) of LC was studied, Potential to degrade LC was assessed by the growth of the bacteria in a mineral salts medium containing LC as the sole carbon source over 14 days. Five bacteria able to grow in MSM with LC as the sole source of carbon and on nutrient agar enriched with 100mg/L of LC were isolated. Their growth (turbidity and viable counts of the bacterial cells) increased from the third day till the sixth day, after which it declined till the 14th day. The Lambda Cyhalothrin-degrading bacterial isolates (LCDB) were tentatively identified as Bacillus species, Klebsiella species, Pseudomonas species, and Lysinibacillusspecies. These results indicated that these bacterial isolates are potentially able to degrade LC and can be useful for the remediation of SPs-contaminated agricultural soils.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73777160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.799
S.B. Gali, A. Sufyan, A. Babandi, Slamet Ibrahim, D. Shehu, M. Ya’u, J. Mashi, K. Babagana, N. Abdullahi, A. Ibrahim, A. Muhammad, H. M. Yakasai
The most feasible and economical technique for removal of toxic compounds in the polluted environment is bioremediation. This technique surpasses other physicochemical methods in recent time for being effective particularly at a lower concentration of the toxicant. In this study, seven (7) previously isolated molybdenum-reducing bacteria were screened for their potential to degrade atrazine herbicide as sole carbon source for growth. Bacterial colony count on mineral salt medium supplemented with atrazine was used for the screening, while the effects of incubation time, concentration, temperature, pH, inoculum size and heavy metals on atrazine biodegradation was used in characterizing the candidate isolate. Of the seven isolates, an isolate identified as Pseudomonas sp. that grew best with a count of 195 CFU/mL was chosen. The optimum conditions supporting atrazine degradation by Pseudomonas sp. were found to be temperature 35 °C, pH 7.0, incubation time 48 hours and 400 µL inoculum. The use of atrazine as carbon and electron donor source for molybdenum reduction, poorly support molybdenum blue (Mo-blue) production. At a concentration (2 ppm), heavy metals such as lead and copper did not significantly (p>0.05) affect atrazine biodegradation relative to control, iron and silver shows a relative stimulatory effect to the process, while mercury and zinc showed significant (p<0.05) inhibitory effect when compared to control. The ability of the isolate to degrade atrazine makes it an important instrument for bioremediation of this herbicide.
{"title":"Characterizing Atrazine Degradation by Molybdenum-reducing Pseudomonas sp.","authors":"S.B. Gali, A. Sufyan, A. Babandi, Slamet Ibrahim, D. Shehu, M. Ya’u, J. Mashi, K. Babagana, N. Abdullahi, A. Ibrahim, A. Muhammad, H. M. Yakasai","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.799","url":null,"abstract":"The most feasible and economical technique for removal of toxic compounds in the polluted environment is bioremediation. This technique surpasses other physicochemical methods in recent time for being effective particularly at a lower concentration of the toxicant. In this study, seven (7) previously isolated molybdenum-reducing bacteria were screened for their potential to degrade atrazine herbicide as sole carbon source for growth. Bacterial colony count on mineral salt medium supplemented with atrazine was used for the screening, while the effects of incubation time, concentration, temperature, pH, inoculum size and heavy metals on atrazine biodegradation was used in characterizing the candidate isolate. Of the seven isolates, an isolate identified as Pseudomonas sp. that grew best with a count of 195 CFU/mL was chosen. The optimum conditions supporting atrazine degradation by Pseudomonas sp. were found to be temperature 35 °C, pH 7.0, incubation time 48 hours and 400 µL inoculum. The use of atrazine as carbon and electron donor source for molybdenum reduction, poorly support molybdenum blue (Mo-blue) production. At a concentration (2 ppm), heavy metals such as lead and copper did not significantly (p>0.05) affect atrazine biodegradation relative to control, iron and silver shows a relative stimulatory effect to the process, while mercury and zinc showed significant (p<0.05) inhibitory effect when compared to control. The ability of the isolate to degrade atrazine makes it an important instrument for bioremediation of this herbicide.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84562866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.808
Peter E. Ghamba, Abba Umar, L. Goje, Aminah A. Barqawi, I. S. Ndams, Marycelin M. Baba, Ibrahim I. Hussein
Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes spread dengue and yellow fever in Africa and worldwide. Rural-urban drift creates Aedes mosquito breeding sites through uncontrolled urbanization, inadequate urban infrastructure, lack of basic public health delivery, indiscriminate waste disposal, varying socioeconomic activities, and climatic changes. The above have happened in Maiduguri Metropolis since Boko Haram insurgencies began. This study will examine Aedes aegypti's seasonal distribution, abundance, composition, and genetic variability in selected Maiduguri Metropolitan Council and Jere Local Government Council communities. From October 2016 to May 2017, CDC traps and vacuum aspirators collected adult mosquitoes from study sites and stored at – 80 C. These were identified morphologically with taxonomy keys and stereomicroscopes, then molecularly with markers. Aedes mosquito population structure and genetic variability were determined using statistical software and molecular methods on samples. Hot-dry season has the highest relative abundance of this mosquito species in these study sites, while cold-dry season has the lowest. The molecular identification found Aedes aegypti in nine of twelve study locations but not Aedes albopictus. Some mosquitoes from the study locations had mutations due to carrying dengue virus or host population genes, but those without mutations showed a good phylogenetic relationship with Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from other countries, suggesting no genetic variability. The relative abundance of Aedes mosquitoes in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council increases the risk of dengue, zika, yellow fever, and chikungunya virus infections, and this mosquito species' seasonal distributions vary within and across seasons, but no genetic variability was found in the mosquitoes from the different locations used in this study.
{"title":"Seasonal Patterns and Genetic Variability of Aedes Mosquitoes in Some Selected Communities of Maiduguri Metropolitan Council, Borno State, Nigeria","authors":"Peter E. Ghamba, Abba Umar, L. Goje, Aminah A. Barqawi, I. S. Ndams, Marycelin M. Baba, Ibrahim I. Hussein","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.808","url":null,"abstract":"Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes spread dengue and yellow fever in Africa and worldwide. Rural-urban drift creates Aedes mosquito breeding sites through uncontrolled urbanization, inadequate urban infrastructure, lack of basic public health delivery, indiscriminate waste disposal, varying socioeconomic activities, and climatic changes. The above have happened in Maiduguri Metropolis since Boko Haram insurgencies began. This study will examine Aedes aegypti's seasonal distribution, abundance, composition, and genetic variability in selected Maiduguri Metropolitan Council and Jere Local Government Council communities. From October 2016 to May 2017, CDC traps and vacuum aspirators collected adult mosquitoes from study sites and stored at – 80 C. These were identified morphologically with taxonomy keys and stereomicroscopes, then molecularly with markers. Aedes mosquito population structure and genetic variability were determined using statistical software and molecular methods on samples. Hot-dry season has the highest relative abundance of this mosquito species in these study sites, while cold-dry season has the lowest. The molecular identification found Aedes aegypti in nine of twelve study locations but not Aedes albopictus. Some mosquitoes from the study locations had mutations due to carrying dengue virus or host population genes, but those without mutations showed a good phylogenetic relationship with Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from other countries, suggesting no genetic variability. The relative abundance of Aedes mosquitoes in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council increases the risk of dengue, zika, yellow fever, and chikungunya virus infections, and this mosquito species' seasonal distributions vary within and across seasons, but no genetic variability was found in the mosquitoes from the different locations used in this study.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"48 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78791039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.818
Eng Shu Man, Mohd Ezuan Khayat
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a metabolic syndrome, has become increasingly prevalent in recent years. In the treatment of chronic T2DM, patients are required to take insulin daily, commonly through injections, as the hormone can easily be degraded by the digestive system if taken orally. This can be an uncomfortable experience for the patient. Thus, finding an alternative to insulin, especially from natural compounds, would be beneficial. Ficus deltoidea, which belongs to the Moraceae family, is a medicinal plant known for its anti-diabetic properties. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the phytochemicals from F. deltoidea that mimic insulin by studying their ability to bind to insulin receptors using in silico analysis. A total of 36 phytochemicals were identified in the methanolic extract of F. deltoidea through LC-MS/MS analysis. They were then subjected to molecular docking to determine their binding free energy with the insulin receptor (IR). The results revealed seven phytochemicals with the lowest binding free energy, with 2,3-dihydroxy-N,N'-bis[(E)-1-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxochromen-3-yl)ethylideneamino] butanediamide exhibiting the lowest binding free energy at -10.0 kcal/mol. Hence, these phytochemicals demonstrate potential as insulin-mimetic compounds that can be used in the treatment of T2DM.
{"title":"Identification of Insulin-Mimetic Phytochemicals from Mas Cotek (Ficus deltoidea) for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes via LC-MS/MS and Molecular Docking Analyses","authors":"Eng Shu Man, Mohd Ezuan Khayat","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.818","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a metabolic syndrome, has become increasingly prevalent in recent years. In the treatment of chronic T2DM, patients are required to take insulin daily, commonly through injections, as the hormone can easily be degraded by the digestive system if taken orally. This can be an uncomfortable experience for the patient. Thus, finding an alternative to insulin, especially from natural compounds, would be beneficial. Ficus deltoidea, which belongs to the Moraceae family, is a medicinal plant known for its anti-diabetic properties. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the phytochemicals from F. deltoidea that mimic insulin by studying their ability to bind to insulin receptors using in silico analysis. A total of 36 phytochemicals were identified in the methanolic extract of F. deltoidea through LC-MS/MS analysis. They were then subjected to molecular docking to determine their binding free energy with the insulin receptor (IR). The results revealed seven phytochemicals with the lowest binding free energy, with 2,3-dihydroxy-N,N'-bis[(E)-1-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxochromen-3-yl)ethylideneamino] butanediamide exhibiting the lowest binding free energy at -10.0 kcal/mol. Hence, these phytochemicals demonstrate potential as insulin-mimetic compounds that can be used in the treatment of T2DM.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135314944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.800
M. El-Mongy, Mona S. Elneklawi, Mansour M. Ali, Amal S. Othman
A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a type of device which is an electrochemical, after technology that is being to recover electricity from wastewater. This study's objective was to measure the potential difference from sludge collected from El-Sheikh Zayed water purification plant (Egypt in April 2021), isolate and identify bacteria present in sludge: Also, determine the effect of adding some metabolites on such physical and chemical properties. Potential difference measurement showed (192 mV) by using MFC. Pantoea spp., Aeromonas salmonicida, Comamonas testosteroni and Staphylococcus lentus were isolated and identified by biochemical reaction tests. A. salmonicida gave the highest potential difference (13mV). After adding some metabolites separately (albumen, dextrose, gelatin and casein), casein recorded 196Mv, a mixture was done between A. salmonicida and four metabolites measuring 50 mV. Physical and chemical analysis showed that biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (55.0 P.P.M.), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (112.0 P.P.M.), and many minerals and heavy metals were also detected. Green synthesis of electricity from electrogenic bacteria using wastewater like sludge is a promising way to generate electricity by a cheap method.
{"title":"Energy Production Using Microbial Fuel Cell from Sludge Produced from Potable Water Treatment","authors":"M. El-Mongy, Mona S. Elneklawi, Mansour M. Ali, Amal S. Othman","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.800","url":null,"abstract":"A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a type of device which is an electrochemical, after technology that is being to recover electricity from wastewater. This study's objective was to measure the potential difference from sludge collected from El-Sheikh Zayed water purification plant (Egypt in April 2021), isolate and identify bacteria present in sludge: Also, determine the effect of adding some metabolites on such physical and chemical properties. Potential difference measurement showed (192 mV) by using MFC. Pantoea spp., Aeromonas salmonicida, Comamonas testosteroni and Staphylococcus lentus were isolated and identified by biochemical reaction tests. A. salmonicida gave the highest potential difference (13mV). After adding some metabolites separately (albumen, dextrose, gelatin and casein), casein recorded 196Mv, a mixture was done between A. salmonicida and four metabolites measuring 50 mV. Physical and chemical analysis showed that biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (55.0 P.P.M.), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (112.0 P.P.M.), and many minerals and heavy metals were also detected. Green synthesis of electricity from electrogenic bacteria using wastewater like sludge is a promising way to generate electricity by a cheap method.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82559535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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