Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.713
G. Alege, Otori Oyiza Mercy, U. Haruna, Ilepinran Jibril Oni, Dauda Danlami
This study was carried out to examine the effect of selected fruit peels on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). 10g of ground fruit peels of banana, watermelon, pawpaw, pineapple, plantain, orange was applied to 7 kg of soil and left for 7 days before planting of okra seed. NPK (15:15:15) serves as positive control while groups without fertilizer served as negative control for the study. Each treatment was replicated five times in polythene bags used as pots and watered every three days. The setup was arranged in Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD). Plant height and stem girth were measured while number of leaves were also counted from 1 to 8 Week After Planting. The numbers of days to 50% flowering, pod length and pod diameter were also recorded from 1 to 8 Week After Planting. Data pooled in this study were subjected to Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means with statistically significant difference at p<0.05 were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. Generally, results across weeks showed statistically significant difference for plant height, number of leaves, stem girth, days to 50% flowering, number of fruit and pod length while only the diameters of fruits did not respond to different nutrient sources. Okra grown with banana and watermelon peels gave the best overall performance which indicates that they contained sufficient nutrients for optimum production of okra. This study clearly indicates that banana and watermelon fruit peels could be used singly or in combination to effectively boost yield of okra.
{"title":"Comparative Assessment of Selected Fruit Peels on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)","authors":"G. Alege, Otori Oyiza Mercy, U. Haruna, Ilepinran Jibril Oni, Dauda Danlami","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.713","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to examine the effect of selected fruit peels on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). 10g of ground fruit peels of banana, watermelon, pawpaw, pineapple, plantain, orange was applied to 7 kg of soil and left for 7 days before planting of okra seed. NPK (15:15:15) serves as positive control while groups without fertilizer served as negative control for the study. Each treatment was replicated five times in polythene bags used as pots and watered every three days. The setup was arranged in Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD). Plant height and stem girth were measured while number of leaves were also counted from 1 to 8 Week After Planting. The numbers of days to 50% flowering, pod length and pod diameter were also recorded from 1 to 8 Week After Planting. Data pooled in this study were subjected to Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means with statistically significant difference at p<0.05 were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. Generally, results across weeks showed statistically significant difference for plant height, number of leaves, stem girth, days to 50% flowering, number of fruit and pod length while only the diameters of fruits did not respond to different nutrient sources. Okra grown with banana and watermelon peels gave the best overall performance which indicates that they contained sufficient nutrients for optimum production of okra. This study clearly indicates that banana and watermelon fruit peels could be used singly or in combination to effectively boost yield of okra.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87933463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.656
A. Y. Fardami, A. H. Kawo, S. Yahaya, I. Lawal, Abdullahi Sani Abubakar, K. A. Maiyadi
Biosurfactants are structurally diverse surface-active agents mostly produced by various genera of bacteria, yeast and filamentous fungi that have a wide range of applications and properties. They have surface and interfacial activity, temperature and pH tolerance, biodegradability, low toxicity and anti-adhesive property. Their production was reported to be affected by temperature, PH, aeration and agitation, salt concentration and carbon and nitrogen sources. Bacteria species of the genera Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter, Agrobacterium, Antarctobacter, Bacillus, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Halomonas, Serratia, Rhodococcus and filamentous fungi of the genera Aspergillus, penicillium, and yeast like Candida, Yarrowia, Torulopsis, Pseudozyma, Saccharomyces were the most notable biosurfactant producing microorganisms. Surfactin, lichenysin, rhamnolipid, Sapporolipid, liposan, viscosin, alasan, and subtilisin were among the most produced biosurfactants. The need to expand knowledge of physiology, genetics and biochemistry of biosurfactant-producing strains and the development of the process technology will help to reduce production costs.
{"title":"A Review on Biosurfactant Properties, Production and Producing Microorganisms","authors":"A. Y. Fardami, A. H. Kawo, S. Yahaya, I. Lawal, Abdullahi Sani Abubakar, K. A. Maiyadi","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.656","url":null,"abstract":"Biosurfactants are structurally diverse surface-active agents mostly produced by various genera of bacteria, yeast and filamentous fungi that have a wide range of applications and properties. They have surface and interfacial activity, temperature and pH tolerance, biodegradability, low toxicity and anti-adhesive property. Their production was reported to be affected by temperature, PH, aeration and agitation, salt concentration and carbon and nitrogen sources. Bacteria species of the genera Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter, Agrobacterium, Antarctobacter, Bacillus, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Halomonas, Serratia, Rhodococcus and filamentous fungi of the genera Aspergillus, penicillium, and yeast like Candida, Yarrowia, Torulopsis, Pseudozyma, Saccharomyces were the most notable biosurfactant producing microorganisms. Surfactin, lichenysin, rhamnolipid, Sapporolipid, liposan, viscosin, alasan, and subtilisin were among the most produced biosurfactants. The need to expand knowledge of physiology, genetics and biochemistry of biosurfactant-producing strains and the development of the process technology will help to reduce production costs.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87885144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.657
Naziru Dahiru, R. Paliwal, M. A. Madungurum, A. Abubakar, Bilkisu A. Abdullahi
This paper is aimed at evaluating the antioxidant properties of Eugenia Caryophyllata (Syzygium aromaticum), 100% aqueous and 20:80% (water and alcohol) for hydroethanolic and hydromethanolic extracts were prepared as working solutions for the studies. About 5 different antioxidant examinations of Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) extracts were carried out which include total phenolic content, antioxidant assay, free radical’s DPPH scavenging activity, scavenging hydrogen peroxide and reducing power assay, which was estimated spectrophotometrically by the use of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) as standard, and tocopherol used as the standard for reducing power test. Hydromethanolic extract exhibited higher free radical scavenging activity (62.12%), at the highest concentration of 1000 µg/mL followed by hydroethanolic and aqueous (58.80% and 48.32% respectively), less reducing power properties were observed with high absorbance value in the highest concentration of hydromethanolic extract (0.198 ± 0.001 A) and also hydromethanolic extract shows highest scavenging hydrogen peroxide (76.99 ± 0.09).
{"title":"Study on Antioxidant Property of Syzygium aromaticum (Clove)","authors":"Naziru Dahiru, R. Paliwal, M. A. Madungurum, A. Abubakar, Bilkisu A. Abdullahi","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.657","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is aimed at evaluating the antioxidant properties of Eugenia Caryophyllata (Syzygium aromaticum), 100% aqueous and 20:80% (water and alcohol) for hydroethanolic and hydromethanolic extracts were prepared as working solutions for the studies. About 5 different antioxidant examinations of Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) extracts were carried out which include total phenolic content, antioxidant assay, free radical’s DPPH scavenging activity, scavenging hydrogen peroxide and reducing power assay, which was estimated spectrophotometrically by the use of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) as standard, and tocopherol used as the standard for reducing power test. Hydromethanolic extract exhibited higher free radical scavenging activity (62.12%), at the highest concentration of 1000 µg/mL followed by hydroethanolic and aqueous (58.80% and 48.32% respectively), less reducing power properties were observed with high absorbance value in the highest concentration of hydromethanolic extract (0.198 ± 0.001 A) and also hydromethanolic extract shows highest scavenging hydrogen peroxide (76.99 ± 0.09).","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"83 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87647428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.655
I. Sabo, Salihu Yahuza, Abdussamad Abubakar, Bilal Ibrahim Dan-Iya
Pesticides Pollutants are a major ecological issue because they kill organisms that are not their intended targets. Even in trace amounts, their diversity, toxicity, and durability are harmful to natural systems. High levels of malathion in the air, water, or food can make breathing difficult, tighten the chest, cause nausea, cramps, diarrhoea, watery eyes, impaired vision, salivation, perspiration, headaches, and even cause death. Two kinetic models—pseudo-1st- and pseudo-2nd order were used to examine the sorption isotherm of malathion onto Bacillus sp. S14, and they were fitted using non-linear regression. The pseudo-1st order model was found to be the best model by statistical analysis based on root-mean-square error (RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination (adjR2), bias factor (BF), accuracy factor (AF), corrected AICc (Akaike Information Criterion), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), and Hannan-Quinn information criterion (HQC). A kinetic study employing the pseudo-1st order model at 150 PPM yielded an equilibrium sorption capacity qe of 4.19 mg/g (95% confidence interval from 4.137448 to 4.257148) and a pseudo-1st-order rate constant, k1 of 0.53. (95 percent confidence interval from 0.510371 to 0.559508). Further analysis is required to give evidence for the chemisorption mechanism commonly associated with this kinetic.
{"title":"Kinetic Study of Malathion Biosorption Using Dry Cells of an Isolated Bacillus sp. S14","authors":"I. Sabo, Salihu Yahuza, Abdussamad Abubakar, Bilal Ibrahim Dan-Iya","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.655","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticides Pollutants are a major ecological issue because they kill organisms that are not their intended targets. Even in trace amounts, their diversity, toxicity, and durability are harmful to natural systems. High levels of malathion in the air, water, or food can make breathing difficult, tighten the chest, cause nausea, cramps, diarrhoea, watery eyes, impaired vision, salivation, perspiration, headaches, and even cause death. Two kinetic models—pseudo-1st- and pseudo-2nd order were used to examine the sorption isotherm of malathion onto Bacillus sp. S14, and they were fitted using non-linear regression. The pseudo-1st order model was found to be the best model by statistical analysis based on root-mean-square error (RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination (adjR2), bias factor (BF), accuracy factor (AF), corrected AICc (Akaike Information Criterion), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), and Hannan-Quinn information criterion (HQC). A kinetic study employing the pseudo-1st order model at 150 PPM yielded an equilibrium sorption capacity qe of 4.19 mg/g (95% confidence interval from 4.137448 to 4.257148) and a pseudo-1st-order rate constant, k1 of 0.53. (95 percent confidence interval from 0.510371 to 0.559508). Further analysis is required to give evidence for the chemisorption mechanism commonly associated with this kinetic.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77600669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.805
Nuraliana Najwa Hamsah Zollapi, Raihan Taib, N. Zakaria, M. E. Khayat
Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 is a novel targeted enzyme in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) therapy due to its regulatory effect on incretin; glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) that responsible for stimulating insulin and suppressing glucagon secretion. DPP-4 degrades GLP-1 to biologically inactive fragments. In incretin-based therapies, DPP-4 inhibitor helps to restrain the inactivation of GLP-1, which in turn prolonging GLP-1’s half-life in blood and subsequently reducing the blood sugar more effectively. Nowadays, researchers are focusing to replace the synthetic drugs with natural-based drugs since they exert less toxicity. In our attempt to discover the natural inhibitor for DPP-4, miracle berry fruit was sequentially extracted with different solvents such as hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol and screened for the DPP-4 inhibitory activity. The analyses on the extractions show dichloromethane yielded the highest number of phenolic compounds with 38.37 mg GAE/g, while the highest number of flavonoids was found in hexane extract with 142.269 mg QE/g. On the other hand, qualitative analyses showed that methanol was able to extract alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, quinones and carbohydrate from miracle berry fruit. It was also found that ethyl acetate extract was able to completely inhibit the enzyme. For further identification of constituent responsible for DPP-4 inhibitory activity, ethyl acetate extract was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography and eluted with different solvents with increasing polarity. The active fraction was then subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis and the results show it contains astragalin, nialamide, n-acetyl-l-phenylalanine, (+)-6-gingerol, 9-nitro oleate and 4(3H)-quinazolinone. The study indicates that miracle berry fruit extract contains natural DPP-4 inhibitor that can potentially be used for treating T2DM.
{"title":"Identification of Dipeptidyl-Peptidase 4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors from Miracle Berry Fruit (Synsepalum dulcificum) Extract","authors":"Nuraliana Najwa Hamsah Zollapi, Raihan Taib, N. Zakaria, M. E. Khayat","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.805","url":null,"abstract":"Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 is a novel targeted enzyme in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) therapy due to its regulatory effect on incretin; glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) that responsible for stimulating insulin and suppressing glucagon secretion. DPP-4 degrades GLP-1 to biologically inactive fragments. In incretin-based therapies, DPP-4 inhibitor helps to restrain the inactivation of GLP-1, which in turn prolonging GLP-1’s half-life in blood and subsequently reducing the blood sugar more effectively. Nowadays, researchers are focusing to replace the synthetic drugs with natural-based drugs since they exert less toxicity. In our attempt to discover the natural inhibitor for DPP-4, miracle berry fruit was sequentially extracted with different solvents such as hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol and screened for the DPP-4 inhibitory activity. The analyses on the extractions show dichloromethane yielded the highest number of phenolic compounds with 38.37 mg GAE/g, while the highest number of flavonoids was found in hexane extract with 142.269 mg QE/g. On the other hand, qualitative analyses showed that methanol was able to extract alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, quinones and carbohydrate from miracle berry fruit. It was also found that ethyl acetate extract was able to completely inhibit the enzyme. For further identification of constituent responsible for DPP-4 inhibitory activity, ethyl acetate extract was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography and eluted with different solvents with increasing polarity. The active fraction was then subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis and the results show it contains astragalin, nialamide, n-acetyl-l-phenylalanine, (+)-6-gingerol, 9-nitro oleate and 4(3H)-quinazolinone. The study indicates that miracle berry fruit extract contains natural DPP-4 inhibitor that can potentially be used for treating T2DM.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85638566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.658
.. Rusnam, N. Gusmanizar
The elimination of heavy metals and organic contaminants, such as phenols, hydrocarbons, and amides, by bioremediation, is the most effective choice for the foreseeable future. This is especially true at low levels, where other methods, such as physical or chemical methods, may not be successful. Each year, a few million tons of these contaminants are emitted. In this study, we examined the ability of a molybdenum-reducing bacteria that were isolated from polluted soil to decolorize azo dyes independently of its ability to reduce molybdenum. The ideal conditions for the bacterium to convert molybdate to molybdate blue are a pH range of 6.0 to 6.5 and a temperature range of 25 to 37 degrees Celsius. After glucose, fructose and galactose were the most effective donors of electrons to enable the reduction of molybdate. Galactose was the least effective supplier of electrons. There are a few other prerequisites that need to be met as well, such as a phosphate concentration of between 2.5 and 7.5 mM and a molybdate concentration of between 10 and 15 mM. Its absorption spectra were identical to that of the phosphomolybdate reduction process and to that of the earlier Mo-reducing bacterium. At a concentration of 2 ppm, the heavy metals Ag (I), Hg (II), and Cu (II) each inhibited the reduction of molybdenum by a per centage of 62.8, 61.1, and 36.8 per cent, respectively. We put the bacterium through a test to see if it can remove the color from a variety of dyes. The Congo Red dye was able to lose its color when exposed to the bacterium. Based on the results of the biochemical study, the bacterium has been provisionally identified as Pseudomonas putida strain Neni-3. This bacteria's ability to detoxify various toxicants is a desirable quality, as it makes the bacterium an efficient bioremediation approach. As a result, this bacterium is in high demand. Purification of the molybdenum-reducing enzyme that was produced by this bacterium is presently being studied in order to characterize decolorization research in a more accurate manner.
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of a Molybdenum-reducing and the Congo Red Dye-decolorizing Pseudomonas putida strain Neni-3 in soils from West Sumatera, Indonesia","authors":".. Rusnam, N. Gusmanizar","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.658","url":null,"abstract":"The elimination of heavy metals and organic contaminants, such as phenols, hydrocarbons, and amides, by bioremediation, is the most effective choice for the foreseeable future. This is especially true at low levels, where other methods, such as physical or chemical methods, may not be successful. Each year, a few million tons of these contaminants are emitted. In this study, we examined the ability of a molybdenum-reducing bacteria that were isolated from polluted soil to decolorize azo dyes independently of its ability to reduce molybdenum. The ideal conditions for the bacterium to convert molybdate to molybdate blue are a pH range of 6.0 to 6.5 and a temperature range of 25 to 37 degrees Celsius. After glucose, fructose and galactose were the most effective donors of electrons to enable the reduction of molybdate. Galactose was the least effective supplier of electrons. There are a few other prerequisites that need to be met as well, such as a phosphate concentration of between 2.5 and 7.5 mM and a molybdate concentration of between 10 and 15 mM. Its absorption spectra were identical to that of the phosphomolybdate reduction process and to that of the earlier Mo-reducing bacterium. At a concentration of 2 ppm, the heavy metals Ag (I), Hg (II), and Cu (II) each inhibited the reduction of molybdenum by a per centage of 62.8, 61.1, and 36.8 per cent, respectively. We put the bacterium through a test to see if it can remove the color from a variety of dyes. The Congo Red dye was able to lose its color when exposed to the bacterium. Based on the results of the biochemical study, the bacterium has been provisionally identified as Pseudomonas putida strain Neni-3. This bacteria's ability to detoxify various toxicants is a desirable quality, as it makes the bacterium an efficient bioremediation approach. As a result, this bacterium is in high demand. Purification of the molybdenum-reducing enzyme that was produced by this bacterium is presently being studied in order to characterize decolorization research in a more accurate manner.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85742767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.660
Jiddah Nafiu Usman, S. Abubakar, A. Gadanya
Aspartame and Sodium cyclamate are two synthetic sweeteners used extensively in developing world. The study aims to assess the comparative effect of these sweeteners on lipid profiles, biochemical parameters of liver and kidney function and histological changes. Twenty male albino rats were separated into 5 groups of 4 rats each. Group 1 were fed normal diet and water, whereas those in Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 received 50 mg/kg sodium cyclamate, 500 mg/kg sodium cyclamate, 50 mg/kg aspartame, and 500 mg/kg aspartame, respectively. After 7 weeks, the animals were sacrificed; blood and tissue samples were taken to analyze lipid profiles, biochemical parameters, and histology. The results showed that rats administered with low and high doses of sweeteners had significant (P<0.05) increase in serum triglyceride (TG) (0.92±0.05 mg/dL to 1.95±0.04 mg/dL), total cholesterol (TC) (4.88±0.31mg/dL to 8.18±0.45 mg/dL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) (3.59±0.26 mg/dL to 8.02±0.25 mg/dL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) (0.76±0.05 mg/dL to 1.11±0.1 mg/dL), Creatinine (0.94±0.08 mg/dL to 1.77±0.04 mg/dL) and urea (42.35±2.43 mg/dL to 57.3±1.79 mg/dL) levels in the treated group compared to the control group. Significant increase (P<0.05) in AST (47.33±3.92 U/L to 158.01±5.07 U/L), ALP (76.80±8.58 U/L to 124.01±1.51 U/L) and ALT (12.87±2.64 U/L to 37.74±5.76 U/L) levels was also observed in experimental group compared to the control group. Moreover, high doses of sweeteners caused more histological abnormalities in rats. Sodium cyclamate and aspartame maybe harmful to kidney and liver especially when consumed at high dose for a long period.
{"title":"Comparative effect of Aspartame and Sodium Cyclamate on Lipid Profile, Histology and Biochemical Parameters of Kidney and Liver Function in Albino Rats","authors":"Jiddah Nafiu Usman, S. Abubakar, A. Gadanya","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.660","url":null,"abstract":"Aspartame and Sodium cyclamate are two synthetic sweeteners used extensively in developing world. The study aims to assess the comparative effect of these sweeteners on lipid profiles, biochemical parameters of liver and kidney function and histological changes. Twenty male albino rats were separated into 5 groups of 4 rats each. Group 1 were fed normal diet and water, whereas those in Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 received 50 mg/kg sodium cyclamate, 500 mg/kg sodium cyclamate, 50 mg/kg aspartame, and 500 mg/kg aspartame, respectively. After 7 weeks, the animals were sacrificed; blood and tissue samples were taken to analyze lipid profiles, biochemical parameters, and histology. The results showed that rats administered with low and high doses of sweeteners had significant (P<0.05) increase in serum triglyceride (TG) (0.92±0.05 mg/dL to 1.95±0.04 mg/dL), total cholesterol (TC) (4.88±0.31mg/dL to 8.18±0.45 mg/dL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) (3.59±0.26 mg/dL to 8.02±0.25 mg/dL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) (0.76±0.05 mg/dL to 1.11±0.1 mg/dL), Creatinine (0.94±0.08 mg/dL to 1.77±0.04 mg/dL) and urea (42.35±2.43 mg/dL to 57.3±1.79 mg/dL) levels in the treated group compared to the control group. Significant increase (P<0.05) in AST (47.33±3.92 U/L to 158.01±5.07 U/L), ALP (76.80±8.58 U/L to 124.01±1.51 U/L) and ALT (12.87±2.64 U/L to 37.74±5.76 U/L) levels was also observed in experimental group compared to the control group. Moreover, high doses of sweeteners caused more histological abnormalities in rats. Sodium cyclamate and aspartame maybe harmful to kidney and liver especially when consumed at high dose for a long period.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90269095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.663
Abuabakar Musa, Z. Bello, Lawal Ibrahim, Marwan Musa, Isyaku Muhammad
Milk is considered as a nearly complete food since it is a good source of protein and major minerals. The consumption of camel and cow milk is becoming more popular, and this is by the perception of the nutritional and therapeutic benefits of the milks. Therefore, the aim of this research is to evaluate the nutrients composition, minerals, vitamins and bio-active components of camel and cow milk. Two samples of camel and cow milk were collected from Katsina central abattoir and transported to Al-Qalam University Katsina Biological Sciences Laboratory and were stored in an icebox. The determination of minerals composition, proximate analysis, Vitamins content and bio-active components were carried out in triplicates using standard analytical procedures. The minerals composition obtained from camel and cow milk were Impressive and Appreciable. The proximate analysis gave a high protein content of 13.00+1.120 in camel milk and 9.00+1.326 in cow milk, Ash content of 14.00+0.06 in camel milk and 18.333+0.577 in cow milk and fat content of (18.700+1.664 in camel and 20.366+0.635 in cow milk and low moisture content of 64.066+3.421 in camel milk and 49.800+2.771 in cow milk respectively. Vitamins content determined shows high content of vitamin c (1.0366+0.0115%) in camel milk and lower 0.960+0.121 in cow milk. the results obtained from bio-active components shows flavonoids, terpenoids and tannins absent, while Alkaloids, steroids and glycosides present. Therefore, camel and cow milk revealed the therapeutic and nutritional properties which are widely exploited for human health.
{"title":"Evaluation of Nutrients Composition, Minerals, Vitamins and Bioactive Components of Camel and Cow Milk Sold in Katsina Metropolis","authors":"Abuabakar Musa, Z. Bello, Lawal Ibrahim, Marwan Musa, Isyaku Muhammad","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.663","url":null,"abstract":"Milk is considered as a nearly complete food since it is a good source of protein and major minerals. The consumption of camel and cow milk is becoming more popular, and this is by the perception of the nutritional and therapeutic benefits of the milks. Therefore, the aim of this research is to evaluate the nutrients composition, minerals, vitamins and bio-active components of camel and cow milk. Two samples of camel and cow milk were collected from Katsina central abattoir and transported to Al-Qalam University Katsina Biological Sciences Laboratory and were stored in an icebox. The determination of minerals composition, proximate analysis, Vitamins content and bio-active components were carried out in triplicates using standard analytical procedures. The minerals composition obtained from camel and cow milk were Impressive and Appreciable. The proximate analysis gave a high protein content of 13.00+1.120 in camel milk and 9.00+1.326 in cow milk, Ash content of 14.00+0.06 in camel milk and 18.333+0.577 in cow milk and fat content of (18.700+1.664 in camel and 20.366+0.635 in cow milk and low moisture content of 64.066+3.421 in camel milk and 49.800+2.771 in cow milk respectively. Vitamins content determined shows high content of vitamin c (1.0366+0.0115%) in camel milk and lower 0.960+0.121 in cow milk. the results obtained from bio-active components shows flavonoids, terpenoids and tannins absent, while Alkaloids, steroids and glycosides present. Therefore, camel and cow milk revealed the therapeutic and nutritional properties which are widely exploited for human health.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74989124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.664
A. Y. Fardami, A. H. Kawo, S. Yahaya, M. L. Riskuwa-Shehu, I. Lawal, H. Ismail
Biosurfactants are surface-active biomolecules produced by microorganisms that have different applications in solving many environmental problems. This study was carried out to screen biosurfactant-producing bacteria isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil of Kano Metropolis, Kano State- Nigeria. Soil samples were collected and processed. Biosurfactant-producing bacteria were enumerated, isolated and characterized using cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. Blood haemolysis, oil drop collapse and oil displacement tests were employed for the screening of the bacterial isolates for the potential to produce biosurfactant. The viable aerobic heterotrophic bacterial count of the samples ranges from 1.0 to 8.4×106 cfu/g. Eight bacterial genera were biochemically identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter alvei, Bacillus sp. and Klebsiella sp. Bacillus subtilis had the highest frequency of occurrence of 5(27%) while Bacillus sp. and Enterobacter alvei have the least occurrences of 1(6%) each. The eight identified bacterial isolates were all positive for the haemolysis test, drop collapse and oil displacement test.
{"title":"Isolation and Screening of Biosurfactant-producing Bacteria from Hydrocarbon-contaminated Soil in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria","authors":"A. Y. Fardami, A. H. Kawo, S. Yahaya, M. L. Riskuwa-Shehu, I. Lawal, H. Ismail","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.664","url":null,"abstract":"Biosurfactants are surface-active biomolecules produced by microorganisms that have different applications in solving many environmental problems. This study was carried out to screen biosurfactant-producing bacteria isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil of Kano Metropolis, Kano State- Nigeria. Soil samples were collected and processed. Biosurfactant-producing bacteria were enumerated, isolated and characterized using cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. Blood haemolysis, oil drop collapse and oil displacement tests were employed for the screening of the bacterial isolates for the potential to produce biosurfactant. The viable aerobic heterotrophic bacterial count of the samples ranges from 1.0 to 8.4×106 cfu/g. Eight bacterial genera were biochemically identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter alvei, Bacillus sp. and Klebsiella sp. Bacillus subtilis had the highest frequency of occurrence of 5(27%) while Bacillus sp. and Enterobacter alvei have the least occurrences of 1(6%) each. The eight identified bacterial isolates were all positive for the haemolysis test, drop collapse and oil displacement test.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77629094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.716
J. Garba, Asime Oba, Anthony Ofili, B. John, H. Isah, Kwata Veronica John, J. Musa
The need to increase the production and utilization of locally available food and antimicrobial resources has been discussed at different national and international forum. Fresh Neocarya macrophylla fruits were obtained from Birnin Kebbi central market in Kebbi state and it was transported to Biochemistry Department at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria. Where the fruit of N. macrophylla was transformed or crushed through stigmasterol extraction with 70% of methanol. The compound, stigmasterol, indicated varying actions of antimicrobial activity against the microbes tested. Susceptibility test result showed inhibition ranging from 23 mm to 30 mm against all the organisms, which are S. aureus (24 mm), Salmonella Typhimurium (23 mm), P. aeruginosa (26 mm), E. coli (28 mm), Streptococcus pyogenes (25 mm), B. subitilis (23 mm), A. niger (29 mm), C. albicans (24 mm), and C. kruseii (23 mm). Creating zone of inhibition. The ash content was 6.70±0.05., moisture 14.23%±0.10., lipids 6.70% ±0.05., fibre 10.15%± 0.57., crude protein 1.015%±0.127., carbohydrate 51.33%±1.025. The pulp also contains low concentrations of magnesium (2.843±0.025) and very low concentrations of iron (0.0856±0.002), manganese (0.0122±0.048), copper (0.0087±0.002), and zinc (0.0024±0.001), which are important micro elements required by body for proper functioning. The result obtained indicate that Neocarya macrophylla fruit pulp of pharmaceutical and medical significances that are useful in Combating antibiotics resistance infections, nutritional rich in terms of minerals and carbohydrate composition.
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening, Proximate Composition and Mineral Element Analysis of Neocarya macrophylla (Gingerbread) Plum and its Effects on Microorganisms","authors":"J. Garba, Asime Oba, Anthony Ofili, B. John, H. Isah, Kwata Veronica John, J. Musa","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.716","url":null,"abstract":"The need to increase the production and utilization of locally available food and antimicrobial resources has been discussed at different national and international forum. Fresh Neocarya macrophylla fruits were obtained from Birnin Kebbi central market in Kebbi state and it was transported to Biochemistry Department at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria. Where the fruit of N. macrophylla was transformed or crushed through stigmasterol extraction with 70% of methanol. The compound, stigmasterol, indicated varying actions of antimicrobial activity against the microbes tested. Susceptibility test result showed inhibition ranging from 23 mm to 30 mm against all the organisms, which are S. aureus (24 mm), Salmonella Typhimurium (23 mm), P. aeruginosa (26 mm), E. coli (28 mm), Streptococcus pyogenes (25 mm), B. subitilis (23 mm), A. niger (29 mm), C. albicans (24 mm), and C. kruseii (23 mm). Creating zone of inhibition. The ash content was 6.70±0.05., moisture 14.23%±0.10., lipids 6.70% ±0.05., fibre 10.15%± 0.57., crude protein 1.015%±0.127., carbohydrate 51.33%±1.025. The pulp also contains low concentrations of magnesium (2.843±0.025) and very low concentrations of iron (0.0856±0.002), manganese (0.0122±0.048), copper (0.0087±0.002), and zinc (0.0024±0.001), which are important micro elements required by body for proper functioning. The result obtained indicate that Neocarya macrophylla fruit pulp of pharmaceutical and medical significances that are useful in Combating antibiotics resistance infections, nutritional rich in terms of minerals and carbohydrate composition.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83805416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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