Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.802
Sunday Awe, A. Ajiboye, Florence Olukemi Agboola
This study was aimed at screening microorganisms isolated from dump sites for polymer production. Five samples of dump site soil were gathered from each of 10 distinct sites, totaling fifty samples, throughout the collection process. Microorganisms were isolated using the pour plate method. Bacteria isolates were identified using biochemical tests and molecular analysis using 16S rRNA gene primer while morphological characteristics are 18SrRNA gene primer were used to identify fungi isolate. Screening of the organisms for polymer production was done using Sudan Black Band Nile Blue A. The polymer extracted were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Results revealed the presence of five fungi and seven bacterial species identified to be Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium marneffei, Cladosporium tenuissimum and Rhizopus sp., while bacterial isolates were identified as Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus cereus, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus subtillis and Enterobacter species. Only four bacterial isolates were positive for polymer production and molecularly identified as Bacillus subtilis strain AGB1 (OM273871), Bacillus megaterium strain AGB2 (OM216844), Paenibacillus polymyxa strain AGB3 (OM273889) and Bacillus licheniformis strain AGB4 (OP703543).The polymer has rough surfaces and crystalline in nature, while FTIR result indicated that the polymer had C=O carbonyl functional group and identified as polyhydrxybutyrate (PHB) polymer while SEM showed that it has crystalline surface. It can be concluded that bacterial isolates which were polymer producers can be utilized for large-scale production of polyhydroxybutyrate for industrial purposes
{"title":"Screening of Microorganisms Producing Polymer (PHB) from Dump Sites Soil in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria","authors":"Sunday Awe, A. Ajiboye, Florence Olukemi Agboola","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.802","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed at screening microorganisms isolated from dump sites for polymer production. Five samples of dump site soil were gathered from each of 10 distinct sites, totaling fifty samples, throughout the collection process. Microorganisms were isolated using the pour plate method. Bacteria isolates were identified using biochemical tests and molecular analysis using 16S rRNA gene primer while morphological characteristics are 18SrRNA gene primer were used to identify fungi isolate. Screening of the organisms for polymer production was done using Sudan Black Band Nile Blue A. The polymer extracted were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Results revealed the presence of five fungi and seven bacterial species identified to be Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium marneffei, Cladosporium tenuissimum and Rhizopus sp., while bacterial isolates were identified as Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus cereus, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus subtillis and Enterobacter species. Only four bacterial isolates were positive for polymer production and molecularly identified as Bacillus subtilis strain AGB1 (OM273871), Bacillus megaterium strain AGB2 (OM216844), Paenibacillus polymyxa strain AGB3 (OM273889) and Bacillus licheniformis strain AGB4 (OP703543).The polymer has rough surfaces and crystalline in nature, while FTIR result indicated that the polymer had C=O carbonyl functional group and identified as polyhydrxybutyrate (PHB) polymer while SEM showed that it has crystalline surface. It can be concluded that bacterial isolates which were polymer producers can be utilized for large-scale production of polyhydroxybutyrate for industrial purposes","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80971330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.807
Amina Bulama Yusuf, Hafsat Lawal Omar, Abubakar B. Yusuf, Idriss Audu Ibrahim
This research was conducted to find out what role of Balanite aegyptiaca seeds oil on haematological and biochemical parameters using broiler chickens. Preliminary qualitative phytochemicals tests were carried out on the B. aegyptica seeds oil in accordance with accepted practices for detecting secondary metabolites. Forty chicks were employed in the study, and they were split into four different groups, each group containing 10 chicks and brood on normal diet for two weeks, after which each group were administered varying concentration of B. aegyptiaca seeds oil (1ml, 1.5ml and 2ml), while in the Control group no oil was administered. Blood samples were collected and tested at the University of Maiduguri Veterinary College laboratory for haematological (PCV, HB, RBC and WBC) and biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALP, ALB and TP) were evaluated two weeks after treatment. The result of phytochemical analysis of B. aegyptica seeds oil reveals the presence of alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, saponins and cardiac glycosides while tannins terpenoids, sterols, anthraquinones were not detected. The result of haematological parameters showed a significant increase in the levels of RBC, PCV, HB as well as WBC of the test samples when compared with the control group. This indicates that the administration of B.aegyptiatica seeds oil significantly (p<0.05) increases the level of all haematological parameters. However, the two test groups (2 and 3) were not significantly (p<0.05) different. Biochemical testing showed that serum albumin total protein and liver enzymes were not affected by B. aegyptiaca oil treatment (P>0.05) (alkaline aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase). No adverse effects on liver enzyme functions were seen after administration of B. aegyptiaca seed oil, as values were comparable (P>0.05) between the treated and untreated groups.
{"title":"Effect of Balanite aegyptiaca Seeds Oil on Some Haematological and Serum Biochemical Parameters in Broiler Chickens","authors":"Amina Bulama Yusuf, Hafsat Lawal Omar, Abubakar B. Yusuf, Idriss Audu Ibrahim","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.807","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted to find out what role of Balanite aegyptiaca seeds oil on haematological and biochemical parameters using broiler chickens. Preliminary qualitative phytochemicals tests were carried out on the B. aegyptica seeds oil in accordance with accepted practices for detecting secondary metabolites. Forty chicks were employed in the study, and they were split into four different groups, each group containing 10 chicks and brood on normal diet for two weeks, after which each group were administered varying concentration of B. aegyptiaca seeds oil (1ml, 1.5ml and 2ml), while in the Control group no oil was administered. Blood samples were collected and tested at the University of Maiduguri Veterinary College laboratory for haematological (PCV, HB, RBC and WBC) and biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALP, ALB and TP) were evaluated two weeks after treatment. The result of phytochemical analysis of B. aegyptica seeds oil reveals the presence of alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, saponins and cardiac glycosides while tannins terpenoids, sterols, anthraquinones were not detected. The result of haematological parameters showed a significant increase in the levels of RBC, PCV, HB as well as WBC of the test samples when compared with the control group. This indicates that the administration of B.aegyptiatica seeds oil significantly (p<0.05) increases the level of all haematological parameters. However, the two test groups (2 and 3) were not significantly (p<0.05) different. Biochemical testing showed that serum albumin total protein and liver enzymes were not affected by B. aegyptiaca oil treatment (P>0.05) (alkaline aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase). No adverse effects on liver enzyme functions were seen after administration of B. aegyptiaca seed oil, as values were comparable (P>0.05) between the treated and untreated groups.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87971386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.815
Mohamad Adib Syahmi, Fazilah Ariffin
Industrial use of azo dyes has been linked to severe environmental damage in the textile and apparel sectors. The breakdown products of many azo dyes are poisonous and mutagenic, posing a threat to human health and the environment. Hence, azo dye wastewater bioremediation is gaining interest. The objective of this study was focused on the biodegradation of an azo dye, Reactive Orange 16 (RO16), in an anaerobic continuous tank reactor operated with digested sludge sample. The digested sludge was used as the organic biodegradation agent for azo dye. The aim was to investigate the fate of the anaerobic RR16 breakdown products during the degradation process. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS) was used to identify RO16 biodegradation metabolites and their corresponding molecular weight. As a result, RO 16 showed about 85.91% decolorization capacity, and the degradation metabolites were detected as pentanoic acid and phenol after seven days of incubation. The degradation mechanism was completed as the azo bond of RO16 was successfully cleaved based on the result of GC-MS, and the proposed pathway of the degradation mechanism is described. The digested palm oil sludge with dye degradation enzymes may provide new avenues for biological waste treatment, especially wastewater bioremediation.
{"title":"Biodegradation of Synthetic Reactive Orange 16 Dye in Anaerobic Reactor Conditions","authors":"Mohamad Adib Syahmi, Fazilah Ariffin","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.815","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial use of azo dyes has been linked to severe environmental damage in the textile and apparel sectors. The breakdown products of many azo dyes are poisonous and mutagenic, posing a threat to human health and the environment. Hence, azo dye wastewater bioremediation is gaining interest. The objective of this study was focused on the biodegradation of an azo dye, Reactive Orange 16 (RO16), in an anaerobic continuous tank reactor operated with digested sludge sample. The digested sludge was used as the organic biodegradation agent for azo dye. The aim was to investigate the fate of the anaerobic RR16 breakdown products during the degradation process. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS) was used to identify RO16 biodegradation metabolites and their corresponding molecular weight. As a result, RO 16 showed about 85.91% decolorization capacity, and the degradation metabolites were detected as pentanoic acid and phenol after seven days of incubation. The degradation mechanism was completed as the azo bond of RO16 was successfully cleaved based on the result of GC-MS, and the proposed pathway of the degradation mechanism is described. The digested palm oil sludge with dye degradation enzymes may provide new avenues for biological waste treatment, especially wastewater bioremediation.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"1968 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91351287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.806
Odewale Gbolabo, T. Ade, Yemisi Motunrayo Jibola-Shittu, Mela Ilu Luka, Emeka Kingsley Obideje
Fruits and vegetables are commonly consumed foods that are rich sources of essential vitamins, fibres, antioxidants, and bioactive compounds. Most of these vegetables and fruits are eaten raw without much processing and can serve as vehicles for the transmission of parasites and microorganisms. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of helminths in commercially marketed fruits and vegetables in Lokoja metropolis, Kogi State, Nigeria. One-hundred and eight (108) fruits and vegetables were sampled from three (3) different markets within Lokoja and examined for parasite contamination using wet mount and microscopy. A total of 27 (25%) fruits and vegetables were positive for parasite contamination while 81 (75%) were negative. Of the 27 parasite-contaminated fruits and vegetables, cabbage (29.63%) was the most contaminated, followed by lettuce (22.22%), mango (18.52%), guava (14.81%), cucumber (11.11%), and apple (3.70%). Twelve (44.44%) of the contaminated fruits and vegetables were purchased from Natako market, 10 (37.04%) were purchased from Kpata market, and 5 (18.52) were purchased from Lokongoma market. Although the frequency of fruits and vegetables contaminated with parasites was significantly lower than the number without parasite contamination (p<0.05), there was no significant difference in the prevalence of parasites contaminating different vegetables and fruits (p>0.05). A total of 4 helminths were isolated as contaminants of fruits and vegetables in Lokoja metropolis. Of these, Strongyloides stercoralis (40.74%) was the most prevalent, followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (25.93%), Trichuris trichiura (18.52%), and Hookworm (14.81%). Hence, fruits and vegetables should be properly washed with clean water before consumption.
{"title":"Prevalence of Helminth Parasites in Commercially Marketed Fruits and Vegetables in Selected Markets in Lokoja Metropolis, Kogi State, Nigeria","authors":"Odewale Gbolabo, T. Ade, Yemisi Motunrayo Jibola-Shittu, Mela Ilu Luka, Emeka Kingsley Obideje","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.806","url":null,"abstract":"Fruits and vegetables are commonly consumed foods that are rich sources of essential vitamins, fibres, antioxidants, and bioactive compounds. Most of these vegetables and fruits are eaten raw without much processing and can serve as vehicles for the transmission of parasites and microorganisms. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of helminths in commercially marketed fruits and vegetables in Lokoja metropolis, Kogi State, Nigeria. One-hundred and eight (108) fruits and vegetables were sampled from three (3) different markets within Lokoja and examined for parasite contamination using wet mount and microscopy. A total of 27 (25%) fruits and vegetables were positive for parasite contamination while 81 (75%) were negative. Of the 27 parasite-contaminated fruits and vegetables, cabbage (29.63%) was the most contaminated, followed by lettuce (22.22%), mango (18.52%), guava (14.81%), cucumber (11.11%), and apple (3.70%). Twelve (44.44%) of the contaminated fruits and vegetables were purchased from Natako market, 10 (37.04%) were purchased from Kpata market, and 5 (18.52) were purchased from Lokongoma market. Although the frequency of fruits and vegetables contaminated with parasites was significantly lower than the number without parasite contamination (p<0.05), there was no significant difference in the prevalence of parasites contaminating different vegetables and fruits (p>0.05). A total of 4 helminths were isolated as contaminants of fruits and vegetables in Lokoja metropolis. Of these, Strongyloides stercoralis (40.74%) was the most prevalent, followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (25.93%), Trichuris trichiura (18.52%), and Hookworm (14.81%). Hence, fruits and vegetables should be properly washed with clean water before consumption.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75339088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.798
Usman Idris, Oyefabi Adegboyega Moses, Ishaq Umar Muhammad, Ogunsina Modupe Arinola, Abubakar Sadiq Muazu, Mahmud Abdullahi Saulawa, Fadila Maryam Isah, Hajara Niima Kera, Muazu Mahmood Dalhat, Halima Bello Manga
Advancing age and male sex were found to contribute to the fatal presentation and outcome of COVID-19 infection. Identifying factors associated with severity of presentation and mortality could improve management of COVID-19. A descriptive study to describe sociodemographic and clinical characteristics/profile and outcome of COVID-19 patients in Kaduna state with highest cases in Northern Nigeria was conducted to explore determinants of severity and overall mortality. A retrospective cross-sectional review of clinical records of 902 COVID-19 patients from 27th March, 2020 to 31st December, 2021 in the 4 isolation centers in the state was conducted. Data was analyzed using SPSS 26 and STATA SE 12 at P ≤ 0.05.Out of the nine-hundred and two (902) that satisfied the inclusion criteria, the majority were 40 years and below 496 (55%), mean age ± S.D was 40.1 ± 16.0. Majority were Males 524 (58.1%), Christians 494 (54.8%), and Non-southern Kaduna tribes 593 (65.7%). The duration of illness was found to be prolonged among the elderly males (9.36 ± 3.79) compared to females (8.5 ± 3.20days). Bivariate analysis revealed that age (X2 = 51.20 P=0.0001), Religion (X2 = 6.51 P=0.011), Marital status (X2 = 7.89 P=0.005), occupation (X2 = 7.80 P=0.005) and presence of comorbidities significantly affected the severity of clinical presentation and overall mortality among COVID-19 patients. Sex was only found to have an effect on severity of clinical symptoms (X2 = 9.90 P=0.002), but not overall mortality (X2 = 2.24 P=0.13). Age, religion, marital status, occupation and presence of comorbidity were predictors of worst clinical characteristics and mortality of COVID-19 in Kaduna State.
{"title":"Socio-Demographic and Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients in Kaduna State","authors":"Usman Idris, Oyefabi Adegboyega Moses, Ishaq Umar Muhammad, Ogunsina Modupe Arinola, Abubakar Sadiq Muazu, Mahmud Abdullahi Saulawa, Fadila Maryam Isah, Hajara Niima Kera, Muazu Mahmood Dalhat, Halima Bello Manga","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.798","url":null,"abstract":"Advancing age and male sex were found to contribute to the fatal presentation and outcome of COVID-19 infection. Identifying factors associated with severity of presentation and mortality could improve management of COVID-19. A descriptive study to describe sociodemographic and clinical characteristics/profile and outcome of COVID-19 patients in Kaduna state with highest cases in Northern Nigeria was conducted to explore determinants of severity and overall mortality. A retrospective cross-sectional review of clinical records of 902 COVID-19 patients from 27th March, 2020 to 31st December, 2021 in the 4 isolation centers in the state was conducted. Data was analyzed using SPSS 26 and STATA SE 12 at P ≤ 0.05.Out of the nine-hundred and two (902) that satisfied the inclusion criteria, the majority were 40 years and below 496 (55%), mean age ± S.D was 40.1 ± 16.0. Majority were Males 524 (58.1%), Christians 494 (54.8%), and Non-southern Kaduna tribes 593 (65.7%). The duration of illness was found to be prolonged among the elderly males (9.36 ± 3.79) compared to females (8.5 ± 3.20days). Bivariate analysis revealed that age (X2 = 51.20 P=0.0001), Religion (X2 = 6.51 P=0.011), Marital status (X2 = 7.89 P=0.005), occupation (X2 = 7.80 P=0.005) and presence of comorbidities significantly affected the severity of clinical presentation and overall mortality among COVID-19 patients. Sex was only found to have an effect on severity of clinical symptoms (X2 = 9.90 P=0.002), but not overall mortality (X2 = 2.24 P=0.13). Age, religion, marital status, occupation and presence of comorbidity were predictors of worst clinical characteristics and mortality of COVID-19 in Kaduna State.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135313561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.791
F. Muhammad, H. Yakasai
Atrazine herbicide is known to disrupt the endocrine system and is potentially carcinogenic. The long-term use of this herbicide results in high residue levels in soil, causing water contamination of agricultural land. Microbial degradation of herbicide represents a cost-effective way of eco-restoration compared to the more expensive physicochemical methods, especially in soil settings. Growth and degradation of atrazine by microorganisms are optimal at specific concentrations, temperature, pH, inoculum size and hours of incubation. Previously isolated microorganisms have demonstrated high efficiency for atrazine biodegradation with a broad optimum pH and temperature. The metabolic pathway for biodegradation has been elucidated and reveals important characteristics. These organisms as suitable candidates for bioremediation of atrazine-polluted sites have shown great potential for atrazine degradation. This review aimed to catalogue and update the characteristics of isolated atrazine-degrading microorganisms to date.
{"title":"Biodegradation of Atrazine Herbicide: A Mini-review","authors":"F. Muhammad, H. Yakasai","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v11i1.791","url":null,"abstract":"Atrazine herbicide is known to disrupt the endocrine system and is potentially carcinogenic. The long-term use of this herbicide results in high residue levels in soil, causing water contamination of agricultural land. Microbial degradation of herbicide represents a cost-effective way of eco-restoration compared to the more expensive physicochemical methods, especially in soil settings. Growth and degradation of atrazine by microorganisms are optimal at specific concentrations, temperature, pH, inoculum size and hours of incubation. Previously isolated microorganisms have demonstrated high efficiency for atrazine biodegradation with a broad optimum pH and temperature. The metabolic pathway for biodegradation has been elucidated and reveals important characteristics. These organisms as suitable candidates for bioremediation of atrazine-polluted sites have shown great potential for atrazine degradation. This review aimed to catalogue and update the characteristics of isolated atrazine-degrading microorganisms to date.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90458126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.757
M. Qossim, A. Yusuf, A. Mohammed, D. Mhya, Misbahu Sambo, Hamisu Abbas
Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with increased of developing heart disease. Information on the cardiac status of HIV-infected Nigerians is lacking. HIV/AIDS infection is a global pandemic and poses a serious health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, Nigeria inclusive. The cardiac disease may occur at any stage of HIV infection, but important manifestations are more frequent with advanced immunodeficiency. Moreover, it has been reported that complications from HIV infection include arrhythmias, heart failure myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease. This study aimed to estimate serum levels of AST, LDH, CKMB and TCK among HIV patients on HAART, HAART naïve and controls subjects attending Bauchi State Tertiary hospital, Nigeria. The results showed that the mean serum total Creatine kinase, CK-MB, LDH and AST were significantly higher in HIV participants not on HAART compared with HIV participants on HAART at P<0.05 respectively. Similarly, the mean serum total Creatine kinase, CK-MB, LDH and AST were significantly higher in symptomatic HIV participants not on HAART compared with HIV seronegative control subjects at P<0.05 in each case. Once again, the mean serum total Creatine kinase, CK-MB, LDH and AST were significantly higher in asymptomatic HIV participants compared with HIV seronegative control subjects at P<0.05 respectively. Increased levels of some cardiac markers were seen in HIV-infected participants. The study reveals that there is a need to monitor these parameters to prevent sudden cardiovascular complications in HIV seropositive patients. Hence, it is recommended that more investigations need to be carried out to further evaluate the levels of CK-MB (cardiac-specific) isoenzyme of CK and other cardiac biomarkers such as troponins I and T, and myoglobin, among others.
{"title":"Estimation of Serum Levels of AST, LDH, CKMB AND TCK Among HIV Patients on HAART, HAART Naïve and Controls","authors":"M. Qossim, A. Yusuf, A. Mohammed, D. Mhya, Misbahu Sambo, Hamisu Abbas","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.757","url":null,"abstract":"Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with increased of developing heart disease. Information on the cardiac status of HIV-infected Nigerians is lacking. HIV/AIDS infection is a global pandemic and poses a serious health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, Nigeria inclusive. The cardiac disease may occur at any stage of HIV infection, but important manifestations are more frequent with advanced immunodeficiency. Moreover, it has been reported that complications from HIV infection include arrhythmias, heart failure myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease. This study aimed to estimate serum levels of AST, LDH, CKMB and TCK among HIV patients on HAART, HAART naïve and controls subjects attending Bauchi State Tertiary hospital, Nigeria. The results showed that the mean serum total Creatine kinase, CK-MB, LDH and AST were significantly higher in HIV participants not on HAART compared with HIV participants on HAART at P<0.05 respectively. Similarly, the mean serum total Creatine kinase, CK-MB, LDH and AST were significantly higher in symptomatic HIV participants not on HAART compared with HIV seronegative control subjects at P<0.05 in each case. Once again, the mean serum total Creatine kinase, CK-MB, LDH and AST were significantly higher in asymptomatic HIV participants compared with HIV seronegative control subjects at P<0.05 respectively. Increased levels of some cardiac markers were seen in HIV-infected participants. The study reveals that there is a need to monitor these parameters to prevent sudden cardiovascular complications in HIV seropositive patients. Hence, it is recommended that more investigations need to be carried out to further evaluate the levels of CK-MB (cardiac-specific) isoenzyme of CK and other cardiac biomarkers such as troponins I and T, and myoglobin, among others.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90302733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most tropical climates are home to the green perennial tree Azadirachta indica, which belongs to the Meliaceae family of Mahogany, and has long been known to have therapeutic effects. Secondary metabolites in plants cause biological activity in both humans and animals, which explains why they are used as herbs. For the investigation of the lipid, alkaloids, and flavonoids present in the A. indica extracts, thin-layer chromatography was carried out using several solvent systems. The thin layer chromatography-separated active components were tested for antibacterial efficacy against three multi-drug resistance pathogens namely: Salmonella typhi, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Alkaloids showed the highest antibacterial activity on Salmonella spp. (15 mm) and 12 mm Staphylococcus aureus isolates while lipids showed the least activity on the tested isolates. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were calculated. The outcomes of the MIC and MBC revealed that the inhibitory concentrations of different plant extracts for certain bacteria varied. Values of MIC for Salmonella typhi were found in the range of 25 to 50 mg/mL, MBC 100 to 200 mg/mL and for Staphylococcus aureus MIC values ranged between 50 and 200 mg/mL, MBC 100 to 400 mg/mL and for Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC values were found in the range of 100 to 200 mg/mL and MIC values ranged between 200 and 400 mg/mL using a different part of the plant extracted using three different solvents. The finding suggests that crude extract of A. indica might work well for the treatment of illnesses brought on by these microbes and that the activity of the crude extract is more than that of an individual component.
{"title":"Antibacterial Activity of Alkaloid, Flavonoids and Lipids from Crude Extracts of Azadirachta indica on Some Selected Medically Important Bacteria","authors":"Adamu Maryam Bappah, Muthasir Qossim, Zakari Nusayba Dambam, Adamu Shehu Usman, Uba Awalu","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.752","url":null,"abstract":"Most tropical climates are home to the green perennial tree Azadirachta indica, which belongs to the Meliaceae family of Mahogany, and has long been known to have therapeutic effects. Secondary metabolites in plants cause biological activity in both humans and animals, which explains why they are used as herbs. For the investigation of the lipid, alkaloids, and flavonoids present in the A. indica extracts, thin-layer chromatography was carried out using several solvent systems. The thin layer chromatography-separated active components were tested for antibacterial efficacy against three multi-drug resistance pathogens namely: Salmonella typhi, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Alkaloids showed the highest antibacterial activity on Salmonella spp. (15 mm) and 12 mm Staphylococcus aureus isolates while lipids showed the least activity on the tested isolates. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were calculated. The outcomes of the MIC and MBC revealed that the inhibitory concentrations of different plant extracts for certain bacteria varied. Values of MIC for Salmonella typhi were found in the range of 25 to 50 mg/mL, MBC 100 to 200 mg/mL and for Staphylococcus aureus MIC values ranged between 50 and 200 mg/mL, MBC 100 to 400 mg/mL and for Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC values were found in the range of 100 to 200 mg/mL and MIC values ranged between 200 and 400 mg/mL using a different part of the plant extracted using three different solvents. The finding suggests that crude extract of A. indica might work well for the treatment of illnesses brought on by these microbes and that the activity of the crude extract is more than that of an individual component.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"214 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80099481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.750
K. Eniola, S. Awe, K. Olawale, T. M. Kayode-Isola
Human health, which can be affected by access to safe drinking water, or lack of it, is an area of common interest to the sustainable development goals (SDG, 6 target 1) and One health Initiative. Hence, this study examined the disease risk associated with drinking water sources in some rural agrarian communities in Kwara State, North-central Nigeria. Water from commonly used drinking water sources in the selected communities were tested for physicochemical properties (pH, Turbidity and Total dissolved solids content), and bacteriological quality. The health risks of the water sources were assessed in terms of presence and count of E. coli. Groundwater sources (wells and boreholes) were the predominant sources of drinking water in the communities. Only three (motorized boreholes) among the twenty-five water sources examined were free of coliforms. E. coli was found in thirteen water sources (a pond and twelves wells); with E. coli counts ranging from 2- 15 cfu/mL. The study revealed the need for urgent interventions to ensure the communities have access to safe water. The rural communities still depend heavily on groundwater as sources of drinking water, most of where portend had high level of disease risk.
{"title":"Disease Risk Levels of Drinking Water Sources in Some Rural Communities in Kwara State, Nigeria","authors":"K. Eniola, S. Awe, K. Olawale, T. M. Kayode-Isola","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.750","url":null,"abstract":"Human health, which can be affected by access to safe drinking water, or lack of it, is an area of common interest to the sustainable development goals (SDG, 6 target 1) and One health Initiative. Hence, this study examined the disease risk associated with drinking water sources in some rural agrarian communities in Kwara State, North-central Nigeria. Water from commonly used drinking water sources in the selected communities were tested for physicochemical properties (pH, Turbidity and Total dissolved solids content), and bacteriological quality. The health risks of the water sources were assessed in terms of presence and count of E. coli. Groundwater sources (wells and boreholes) were the predominant sources of drinking water in the communities. Only three (motorized boreholes) among the twenty-five water sources examined were free of coliforms. E. coli was found in thirteen water sources (a pond and twelves wells); with E. coli counts ranging from 2- 15 cfu/mL. The study revealed the need for urgent interventions to ensure the communities have access to safe water. The rural communities still depend heavily on groundwater as sources of drinking water, most of where portend had high level of disease risk.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90937195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.755
M. Bobai, L. Danjuma, N. Sani, Joshua Istifanus Anekoson, Y. Nuhu
This study was carried out to determine the correlation between patients with wounds and isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in clinics at Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria. The Socio-demographic, medical and drug histories and characteristics of the wounds from each consented patient were taken using a questionnaire along with sixty samples of the patient’s wound swab samples. Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus from the wound swab samples was carried out using standard phenotypic and genotypic procedures. Out of the 60 samples collected, 30 (50.0%) each were from general out-patient and inpatients. The higher percentage 12 (20.0%) and 39 (65.0%) were patients in the age group between 61 and above and male patients respectively. Regarding the patient’s occupations, the higher percentage 20 (33.3%) of the patients were businessmen and women. The patient’s wound location indicated that a higher percentage of 38 (63.3%) wounds were located on the leg. Also, only 13 (21.7%) patients had diabetes and 44 (73.3%) of the wound patients were receiving antimicrobials; the commonest being metronidazole 11 (18.33%), followed by mupirocin/Supirocin 9 (15.6%). A total of eleven isolates each of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from the sixty wound swab samples of the in-and out-patients. Association between antimicrobial agents use and the organisms showed significant difference (P < 0.05), while the association between sex, diabetes status, duration of the wound and the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus from the wound of patients showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05).
{"title":"Correlation Between Patients with Wounds and Isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus at Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria","authors":"M. Bobai, L. Danjuma, N. Sani, Joshua Istifanus Anekoson, Y. Nuhu","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.755","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to determine the correlation between patients with wounds and isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in clinics at Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria. The Socio-demographic, medical and drug histories and characteristics of the wounds from each consented patient were taken using a questionnaire along with sixty samples of the patient’s wound swab samples. Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus from the wound swab samples was carried out using standard phenotypic and genotypic procedures. Out of the 60 samples collected, 30 (50.0%) each were from general out-patient and inpatients. The higher percentage 12 (20.0%) and 39 (65.0%) were patients in the age group between 61 and above and male patients respectively. Regarding the patient’s occupations, the higher percentage 20 (33.3%) of the patients were businessmen and women. The patient’s wound location indicated that a higher percentage of 38 (63.3%) wounds were located on the leg. Also, only 13 (21.7%) patients had diabetes and 44 (73.3%) of the wound patients were receiving antimicrobials; the commonest being metronidazole 11 (18.33%), followed by mupirocin/Supirocin 9 (15.6%). A total of eleven isolates each of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from the sixty wound swab samples of the in-and out-patients. Association between antimicrobial agents use and the organisms showed significant difference (P < 0.05), while the association between sex, diabetes status, duration of the wound and the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus from the wound of patients showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05).","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85197904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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