Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.751
H. Halilu, Abdulmumin Ibrahim Sulaiman, A. G. Yusuf, Mohammad Abdullahi, M. Barma, Ibrahim Abdurrasul
An ear infection is among the common diseases in children. There is an increased rate of antimicrobial resistance to pathogens that cause ear infections worldwide. We analyzed two years of data on bacterial isolates associated with suspected cases of ear infection and their antibiotic-resistant patterns. All records on ear swabs (n= 134) sent for culture and sensitivity, at the medical microbiology laboratory of a tertiary Health Facility in Northeastern Nigeria, from 2017 to 2018 were reviewed. The patients’ socio-demographic information, bacteria isolated, antibiotics tested, and their sensitivity patterns were extracted. Kirby-Bauer method of antibiotic sensitivity testing and CLSI guidelines were adopted. Descriptive analyses of the data were conducted. Of a total of 134 patients’ records extracted 50.7% were female, median age 12 (IQR 9-15 years). Of the 134 samples cultured, 124 (92.5%) yield bacterial growth. Eight (8) different isolates obtained were Staphylococcus aureus (38.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.7%), Proteus mirabilis (16.1%) Proteus vulgaris (9.7%), Klebsiella oxytoca (9.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.6%) Escherichia coli (2.4%) and Enterococcus spp. (0.8%), Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant isolate, while Enterococcus spp. was the least. A high resistant rate was recorded against many of the antibiotics tested. All isolate demonstrated resistance to amoxicillin and cotrimoxazole, and high sensitivity to ciprofloxacin. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common pathogens isolated. Most isolates showed high sensitivity to ciprofloxacin. The high resistance rate recorded on most of the antibiotics tested highlight the need for appropriate prescription of antimicrobials based on local susceptibility profile in the treatments of ear infection.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Bacteria Isolated from Ear Swabs Specimens in a Tertiary Health Facility, North-eastern Nigeria","authors":"H. Halilu, Abdulmumin Ibrahim Sulaiman, A. G. Yusuf, Mohammad Abdullahi, M. Barma, Ibrahim Abdurrasul","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.751","url":null,"abstract":"An ear infection is among the common diseases in children. There is an increased rate of antimicrobial resistance to pathogens that cause ear infections worldwide. We analyzed two years of data on bacterial isolates associated with suspected cases of ear infection and their antibiotic-resistant patterns. All records on ear swabs (n= 134) sent for culture and sensitivity, at the medical microbiology laboratory of a tertiary Health Facility in Northeastern Nigeria, from 2017 to 2018 were reviewed. The patients’ socio-demographic information, bacteria isolated, antibiotics tested, and their sensitivity patterns were extracted. Kirby-Bauer method of antibiotic sensitivity testing and CLSI guidelines were adopted. Descriptive analyses of the data were conducted. Of a total of 134 patients’ records extracted 50.7% were female, median age 12 (IQR 9-15 years). Of the 134 samples cultured, 124 (92.5%) yield bacterial growth. Eight (8) different isolates obtained were Staphylococcus aureus (38.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.7%), Proteus mirabilis (16.1%) Proteus vulgaris (9.7%), Klebsiella oxytoca (9.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.6%) Escherichia coli (2.4%) and Enterococcus spp. (0.8%), Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant isolate, while Enterococcus spp. was the least. A high resistant rate was recorded against many of the antibiotics tested. All isolate demonstrated resistance to amoxicillin and cotrimoxazole, and high sensitivity to ciprofloxacin. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common pathogens isolated. Most isolates showed high sensitivity to ciprofloxacin. The high resistance rate recorded on most of the antibiotics tested highlight the need for appropriate prescription of antimicrobials based on local susceptibility profile in the treatments of ear infection.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76518294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.756
M. D. Kwairanga, Abubakar Aisami, A. M. Umar, I. Aliyu
Atrazine is the second most widely used herbicide in Nigeria, an excellent polluter of surface and ground sources of water; it finds its way into the water bodies through percolation and surface run-off during rainy and dry season farming. The chemical has some effects on the ecosystem especially in aquatic habitats. different concentrations of atrazine have been prepared (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg/l) and each treatment was replicated four times. a total number of twenty-five basins were used. Five test organisms (Clarias garipienus) were used in each basin. During 96-hour exposure, physicochemical parameters, morphological changes and abnormal behavior in the fish were observed. The research also considers biochemical changes in the kidney, liver and gills where the activities of cretinine, Urea, AST, ALT and Total bilirubin was assayed using colorimetric method. Based on the results obtained in this study, atrazine is found to be toxic to Clarias gariepinus. The result of the biochemical parameters and histological assay showed that Clarias gariepinus was seriously affected by atrazine. KEYWORDS
{"title":"Acute Toxicity of Atrazine and its Morphlogical and Biochemical Effects on Clarias gariepinus","authors":"M. D. Kwairanga, Abubakar Aisami, A. M. Umar, I. Aliyu","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.756","url":null,"abstract":"Atrazine is the second most widely used herbicide in Nigeria, an excellent polluter of surface and ground sources of water; it finds its way into the water bodies through percolation and surface run-off during rainy and dry season farming. The chemical has some effects on the ecosystem especially in aquatic habitats. different concentrations of atrazine have been prepared (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg/l) and each treatment was replicated four times. a total number of twenty-five basins were used. Five test organisms (Clarias garipienus) were used in each basin. During 96-hour exposure, physicochemical parameters, morphological changes and abnormal behavior in the fish were observed. The research also considers biochemical changes in the kidney, liver and gills where the activities of cretinine, Urea, AST, ALT and Total bilirubin was assayed using colorimetric method. Based on the results obtained in this study, atrazine is found to be toxic to Clarias gariepinus. The result of the biochemical parameters and histological assay showed that Clarias gariepinus was seriously affected by atrazine. \u0000KEYWORDS","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"306 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77128503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.749
A. Abubakar, H. Yakasai
As the most pristine and one of the biggest continents in the southern hemisphere, Antarctica has over the decade accumulated hydrocarbon pollution mainly due to human activities related to logistics and transportation in this area. Acetonitrile spills caused by the sinking of the cargo ships call for research into acetonitrile-degrading microorganisms in the form of bioremediation in order to be ready for disasters in the future. The efficiency of a previously isolated acetonitrile-degrading sludge consortium as a bioremediation technique has been demonstrated. However, as the acetonitrile concentration rises, its growth was severely restrained. Acetonitrile's inhibitory effect on this consortium's development rate is modeled in this work using the Luong, Aiba, Haldane, Hans-Levenspiel, Yano, Teissier and Monod models. Statistical evaluations indicated that the most suitable kinetic model to fit the growth rate on acetonitrile was the Teissier-Edwards’s model. The computed values for the Teissier constants like maximal reduction rate (max), half saturation constant for maximal degradation (Ks) and half inhibition constant (Ki) were 0.934 1/H (95% confidence interval 0.301 to 1.567), 1.504 g/L (95% confidence interval 0.877 to 2.131), and 4.574 g/L (95% confidence interval 2.764 to 6.383), respectively. The parameters obtained from this study will be beneficial in acetonitrile biodegradation works.
{"title":"Growth Inhibition Kinetics of Acetonitrile Biodegradation","authors":"A. Abubakar, H. Yakasai","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.749","url":null,"abstract":"As the most pristine and one of the biggest continents in the southern hemisphere, Antarctica has over the decade accumulated hydrocarbon pollution mainly due to human activities related to logistics and transportation in this area. Acetonitrile spills caused by the sinking of the cargo ships call for research into acetonitrile-degrading microorganisms in the form of bioremediation in order to be ready for disasters in the future. The efficiency of a previously isolated acetonitrile-degrading sludge consortium as a bioremediation technique has been demonstrated. However, as the acetonitrile concentration rises, its growth was severely restrained. Acetonitrile's inhibitory effect on this consortium's development rate is modeled in this work using the Luong, Aiba, Haldane, Hans-Levenspiel, Yano, Teissier and Monod models. Statistical evaluations indicated that the most suitable kinetic model to fit the growth rate on acetonitrile was the Teissier-Edwards’s model. The computed values for the Teissier constants like maximal reduction rate (max), half saturation constant for maximal degradation (Ks) and half inhibition constant (Ki) were 0.934 1/H (95% confidence interval 0.301 to 1.567), 1.504 g/L (95% confidence interval 0.877 to 2.131), and 4.574 g/L (95% confidence interval 2.764 to 6.383), respectively. The parameters obtained from this study will be beneficial in acetonitrile biodegradation works.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87048156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.753
M. Daji, T. Ade, Hyelnaya Shamdama Cletus, Aishatu Muhammad Bello, Panshak Joseph
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a potent nosocomial pathogen of immunocompromised individuals, causing several infections while also resisting chemotherapy with conventional antimicrobial agents. Hence, this study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of P. aeruginosa associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Wukari, Taraba State. Thirty (30) voided midstream urine were collected from clinically diagnosed UTI patients attending Wukari general hospital and cultured aerobically on MacConkey agar and cysteine-lactose-electrolyte-deficient (CLED) agar. Bacterial isolates were identified by Gram staining and conventional biochemical tests. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done using the modified Kirby-Bauer method of the disc diffusion test. A total of 46 uropathogens were isolated of which 8 (17.39%) were identified as P. aeruginosa. Of these 8 isolates, 6 (75%) were isolated from male patients while 2 (25%) were isolated from female patients. All isolates of P. aeruginosa were susceptible to imipenem, ofloxacin, gentamicin, and levofloxacin. The resistances included resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate (100%), cefepime (87.5%), cefotaxime (87.5%), ampiclox (75%), ceftriaxone (62.5%), cefuroxime (62.5%), and nalidixic acid (37.5%). High resistance rates against penicillins and cephalosporins are an indication of intrinsic resistance in P. aeruginosa. Hence, chemotherapy with imipenem, ofloxacin, gentamicin, and levofloxacin should be regularly monitored to prevent the development of resistant strains.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Urinary Tract Infections in Wukari, Taraba state, Nigeria","authors":"M. Daji, T. Ade, Hyelnaya Shamdama Cletus, Aishatu Muhammad Bello, Panshak Joseph","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.753","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a potent nosocomial pathogen of immunocompromised individuals, causing several infections while also resisting chemotherapy with conventional antimicrobial agents. Hence, this study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of P. aeruginosa associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Wukari, Taraba State. Thirty (30) voided midstream urine were collected from clinically diagnosed UTI patients attending Wukari general hospital and cultured aerobically on MacConkey agar and cysteine-lactose-electrolyte-deficient (CLED) agar. Bacterial isolates were identified by Gram staining and conventional biochemical tests. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done using the modified Kirby-Bauer method of the disc diffusion test. A total of 46 uropathogens were isolated of which 8 (17.39%) were identified as P. aeruginosa. Of these 8 isolates, 6 (75%) were isolated from male patients while 2 (25%) were isolated from female patients. All isolates of P. aeruginosa were susceptible to imipenem, ofloxacin, gentamicin, and levofloxacin. The resistances included resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate (100%), cefepime (87.5%), cefotaxime (87.5%), ampiclox (75%), ceftriaxone (62.5%), cefuroxime (62.5%), and nalidixic acid (37.5%). High resistance rates against penicillins and cephalosporins are an indication of intrinsic resistance in P. aeruginosa. Hence, chemotherapy with imipenem, ofloxacin, gentamicin, and levofloxacin should be regularly monitored to prevent the development of resistant strains.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82351017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.758
G. Uba, Yakubu Abdulhadi, M. Lawan, Abdussalam Ahmad, Auwal Kabir
This study was conducted to assess the health risk of heavy metals from some fruits and vegetables sold in the Dutse Ultra-modern market, Jigawa State. Two fruits (watermelon and orange) and two vegetables (okra and spinach) were selected randomly from two vendors for two consecutive periods within one week. The samples were transported to the laboratory for acid digestion. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used for the determination of heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mg, Cr and Ni) concentration in the various samples. Bioaccumulation factor, pollution index, hazard quotient and hazard index were calculated and compared with WHO standard. Results obtained in the present study revealed that Cd levels in the samples were significantly higher as compared with the control value (0.2 mg/mL). Pb, Fe, Cr and Ni evaluated were insignificant as compared with their control (2 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, 1.3 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL, respectively). The results revealed only Cr (1.5) and Ni (1.7) have significantly high bioaccumulation factors while all other heavy metals show relatively low bioaccumulation. The pollution index of heavy metals in the samples of fruits and vegetables evaluated shows a relatively low pollution index, values obtained vary from 0.11 in Pb to 0.9 in Ni. While hazard quotients and hazard index were insignificant. The study concludes that okra, spinach, orange and watermelon in the Dutse ultra-modern market in Jigawa state despite their proximity to the mechanic village and a lot of activities occurring may not cause a serious health threat to human consumption. The study recommends further studies on other fruits and vegetables not selected for this study.
{"title":"Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals from Selected Fruits and Vegetables Sold in Dutse Ultra-Modern Market, Jigawa State","authors":"G. Uba, Yakubu Abdulhadi, M. Lawan, Abdussalam Ahmad, Auwal Kabir","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.758","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to assess the health risk of heavy metals from some fruits and vegetables sold in the Dutse Ultra-modern market, Jigawa State. Two fruits (watermelon and orange) and two vegetables (okra and spinach) were selected randomly from two vendors for two consecutive periods within one week. The samples were transported to the laboratory for acid digestion. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used for the determination of heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mg, Cr and Ni) concentration in the various samples. Bioaccumulation factor, pollution index, hazard quotient and hazard index were calculated and compared with WHO standard. Results obtained in the present study revealed that Cd levels in the samples were significantly higher as compared with the control value (0.2 mg/mL). Pb, Fe, Cr and Ni evaluated were insignificant as compared with their control (2 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, 1.3 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL, respectively). The results revealed only Cr (1.5) and Ni (1.7) have significantly high bioaccumulation factors while all other heavy metals show relatively low bioaccumulation. The pollution index of heavy metals in the samples of fruits and vegetables evaluated shows a relatively low pollution index, values obtained vary from 0.11 in Pb to 0.9 in Ni. While hazard quotients and hazard index were insignificant. The study concludes that okra, spinach, orange and watermelon in the Dutse ultra-modern market in Jigawa state despite their proximity to the mechanic village and a lot of activities occurring may not cause a serious health threat to human consumption. The study recommends further studies on other fruits and vegetables not selected for this study.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81298356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.759
Ibrahim Wagea Alla Balla Dalia, A. Abdelkarim, Abulmakarim Mahmoud Mustafa Hafiya, El-Sadiq Abdoalsamed Ahmed Omsalama, Khalifa Abd El-Majeed Aza, Zainalabdeen Mustafa Hussain Alaa, G. Uba
The association between serum 25-Hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH vitamin D) levels in hypothyroid subjects with and without thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies is controversial. There is increasing evidence that 25-OH vitamin D level is associated with autoimmune diseases. The analytical cross-sectional case-control and hospital-based study were conducted at Professor Al-Mahdi M. Ali Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology in Khartoum from February to October 2020. Sixty subjects with hypothyroidism were recruited from the follow-up clinic. Thirty age and sex-matched subjects were used as control. Thyroid Function Tests [Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Free Thyroxine (FT4), and Free triiodothyronine (FT3)] were measured using TOSOH AIA 360system analyzer, and serum 25-OH vitamin D level was measured using semiautomatic I-Chroma-II reader and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO antibodies) were measured in both cases and controls was estimated using ELISA. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 21. TSH was significantly increased in both TPO antibodies positive and TPO antibodies negative hypothyroid subjects than in the controls (22.3±4.44), (10.5±2.55) (3.42±0.75) with a P-value of 0.000. FT4 has decreased in both TPO antibodies positive and TPO antibodies negative subjects than in the control (0.51±0.21) (0.56±0.19) (2.0±0.55) with a P-value of 0.002. FT3 has significantly decreased in both TPO antibodies positive and TPO antibodies negative subjects than in the control (0.73±0.31)(0.73±0.49)(3.67±0.81) with a p-value of 0.0001. 25-OH Vitamin D level was lower among hypothyroid subjects than in the control. Subjects with positive TPO antibodies had lower 25-OH vitamin D levels than the TPO-antibody negative subjects compared to control (7.45±4.50̽) (10.5±7.18)(48.8±10.0) with P-value 0.000. Females 46(77%) were more than males 14(23%) and geographically most subjects were coming from the central part of Khartoum state.
甲状腺功能减退患者血清25-羟基维生素D (25-OH维生素D)水平与有无甲状腺过氧化物酶(TPO)抗体之间的关系是有争议的。越来越多的证据表明，25-OH维生素D水平与自身免疫性疾病有关。这项分析性横断面病例对照和基于医院的研究于2020年2月至10月在喀土穆的Al-Mahdi M. Ali教授糖尿病和内分泌学中心进行。从随访诊所招募60名甲状腺功能减退患者。30名年龄和性别匹配的受试者作为对照。甲状腺功能测试[促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)和游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)]采用TOSOH AIA 360系统分析仪检测，血清25-OH维生素D水平采用半自动I-Chroma-II阅读器检测，检测两例患者的甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPO抗体)，对照组采用ELISA检测。使用SPSS version 21对结果进行分析。TPO抗体阳性和TPO抗体阴性甲状腺功能减退患者TSH均显著高于对照组(22.3±4.44)、(10.5±2.55)和(3.42±0.75)，p值均为0.000。TPO抗体阳性和TPO抗体阴性组FT4均低于对照组(0.51±0.21)(0.56±0.19)(2.0±0.55)，p值为0.002。TPO抗体阳性和TPO抗体阴性受试者的FT3均显著低于对照组(0.73±0.31)(0.73±0.49)(3.67±0.81)，p值为0.0001。甲状腺功能减退患者的25-OH维生素D水平低于对照组。TPO抗体阳性组25-OH维生素D水平低于TPO抗体阴性组(7.45±4.50)(10.5±7.18)(48.8±10.0)，p值为0.000。女性46人(77%)比男性14人(23%)多，地理上大多数受试者来自喀土穆州中部。
{"title":"Assessment of Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Level Among Hypothyroidism with and without Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies","authors":"Ibrahim Wagea Alla Balla Dalia, A. Abdelkarim, Abulmakarim Mahmoud Mustafa Hafiya, El-Sadiq Abdoalsamed Ahmed Omsalama, Khalifa Abd El-Majeed Aza, Zainalabdeen Mustafa Hussain Alaa, G. Uba","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.759","url":null,"abstract":"The association between serum 25-Hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH vitamin D) levels in hypothyroid subjects with and without thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies is controversial. There is increasing evidence that 25-OH vitamin D level is associated with autoimmune diseases. The analytical cross-sectional case-control and hospital-based study were conducted at Professor Al-Mahdi M. Ali Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology in Khartoum from February to October 2020. Sixty subjects with hypothyroidism were recruited from the follow-up clinic. Thirty age and sex-matched subjects were used as control. Thyroid Function Tests [Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Free Thyroxine (FT4), and Free triiodothyronine (FT3)] were measured using TOSOH AIA 360system analyzer, and serum 25-OH vitamin D level was measured using semiautomatic I-Chroma-II reader and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO antibodies) were measured in both cases and controls was estimated using ELISA. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 21. TSH was significantly increased in both TPO antibodies positive and TPO antibodies negative hypothyroid subjects than in the controls (22.3±4.44), (10.5±2.55) (3.42±0.75) with a P-value of 0.000. FT4 has decreased in both TPO antibodies positive and TPO antibodies negative subjects than in the control (0.51±0.21) (0.56±0.19) (2.0±0.55) with a P-value of 0.002. FT3 has significantly decreased in both TPO antibodies positive and TPO antibodies negative subjects than in the control (0.73±0.31)(0.73±0.49)(3.67±0.81) with a p-value of 0.0001. 25-OH Vitamin D level was lower among hypothyroid subjects than in the control. Subjects with positive TPO antibodies had lower 25-OH vitamin D levels than the TPO-antibody negative subjects compared to control (7.45±4.50̽) (10.5±7.18)(48.8±10.0) with P-value 0.000. Females 46(77%) were more than males 14(23%) and geographically most subjects were coming from the central part of Khartoum state.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80401969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.741
Mohd Lukman Muazzim Rohaidi, W. Johari, K. N. Mohamed, N. A. Yasid, N. Ikhsan
An acute toxicity study was conducted to determine the range of lethal concentration of zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4.7H2O) to juvenile red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). The mortality of the fish was recorded at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours of study. The lethal concentration of ZnSO4.7H2O that caused 50% mortality (LC50) was 48.7, 40.0, 34.6, and 33.1 mg/L for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, respectively. Meanwhile, the lethal concentration that caused 99% mortality (LC99) was 116.7, 108.7, 76.2, and 69.9 mg/L for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, respectively. The Probit analysis with a 95% confidence interval is used to determine the range of lethal concentration of ZnSO4.7H2O for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours of toxicity study. The result shows that the lethal concentration of ZnSO4.7H2O decreased over time indicating that the low concentration could become lethal to juvenile red tilapia when exposed for longer periods and act as a preliminary study for further study.
{"title":"Range Findings of Lethal Concentration of Zinc Sulfate Heptahydrate (ZnSO4.7H2O) to Juvenile Red Tilapia","authors":"Mohd Lukman Muazzim Rohaidi, W. Johari, K. N. Mohamed, N. A. Yasid, N. Ikhsan","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.741","url":null,"abstract":"An acute toxicity study was conducted to determine the range of lethal concentration of zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4.7H2O) to juvenile red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). The mortality of the fish was recorded at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours of study. The lethal concentration of ZnSO4.7H2O that caused 50% mortality (LC50) was 48.7, 40.0, 34.6, and 33.1 mg/L for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, respectively. Meanwhile, the lethal concentration that caused 99% mortality (LC99) was 116.7, 108.7, 76.2, and 69.9 mg/L for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, respectively. The Probit analysis with a 95% confidence interval is used to determine the range of lethal concentration of ZnSO4.7H2O for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours of toxicity study. The result shows that the lethal concentration of ZnSO4.7H2O decreased over time indicating that the low concentration could become lethal to juvenile red tilapia when exposed for longer periods and act as a preliminary study for further study.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82405688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.754
A. Suleiman, A. E. Eviwiekpaefe, A. Yakubu, G. Uba, Z. Yahaya
Breast Cancer (BC) is a prevalent disease that affects mostly women in the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), BC represent about 25 percent of all cancers in women with 685 000 deaths in 2020. An early detection of this disease can greatly increase the chances of taking the right decision on a successful treatment plan. This resulted in the need of new research avenues most especially in a country like Nigeria where there is low awareness of the disease and late presentation of BC by patients is normal. To achieve this, Support Vector Machine (SVM), KN Neighbor (KNN) and Decision Tree (DT) was used on a local dataset obtained from Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria to provide some effective diagnostic capabilities. The dataset was classified into three classes (Benign, Pre-malign and Malign) and the SVM obtained a good classification accuracy of (99.2%). Late presentation of breast cancer is normal because of low awareness of the disease in the country therefore more awareness of the disease is highly recommended and women above the age of 34 years should always go for the breast cancer screening at least once a year with or without sign, sickness or symptoms.
{"title":"Evaluation of Some Selected Breast Cancer Classification Algorithms in Nigeria","authors":"A. Suleiman, A. E. Eviwiekpaefe, A. Yakubu, G. Uba, Z. Yahaya","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10i2.754","url":null,"abstract":"Breast Cancer (BC) is a prevalent disease that affects mostly women in the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), BC represent about 25 percent of all cancers in women with 685 000 deaths in 2020. An early detection of this disease can greatly increase the chances of taking the right decision on a successful treatment plan. This resulted in the need of new research avenues most especially in a country like Nigeria where there is low awareness of the disease and late presentation of BC by patients is normal. To achieve this, Support Vector Machine (SVM), KN Neighbor (KNN) and Decision Tree (DT) was used on a local dataset obtained from Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria to provide some effective diagnostic capabilities. The dataset was classified into three classes (Benign, Pre-malign and Malign) and the SVM obtained a good classification accuracy of (99.2%). Late presentation of breast cancer is normal because of low awareness of the disease in the country therefore more awareness of the disease is highly recommended and women above the age of 34 years should always go for the breast cancer screening at least once a year with or without sign, sickness or symptoms.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87348174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-26DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.722
Thivagaran Veeraiya, S. Harun, M. A. Manaf
Xylan from natural sources such as agricultural waste can be used to produce biopolymer packaging films and reduce the use up of petrochemical film. In this study, three different agricultural wastes (oil palm frond, sugarcane bagasse and corn stover) were used to extract xylan by using various alkaline and acidic solvents. From the analysis of the composition of oil palm fronds, it was found that oil palm frond contains (%) 30.8 ± 0.4 glucan, 19.3 ± 0.3 xylan and 18.4± 0.8 lignin. The percentage of extraction of xylan with sodium hydroxide is higher than sulfuric acid and dimethyl sulfoxide. Xylan extracted with dimethyl sulfoxide contains acetyl qualifiers and is suitable for producing carboxymethyl xylan. For xylan deposition, the use of a high concentration of ethanol gave a high xylan precipitation. Finally, the film with sorbitol as a plasticizing material showed low water absorption and high tensile strength of 4,855 gs-1m-1 Pa and 26 Mpa respectively.
{"title":"Precipitation of Xylan from Agricultural Waste Using Acid and Alcohol to produce Bio-Polymer Film","authors":"Thivagaran Veeraiya, S. Harun, M. A. Manaf","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.722","url":null,"abstract":"Xylan from natural sources such as agricultural waste can be used to produce biopolymer packaging films and reduce the use up of petrochemical film. In this study, three different agricultural wastes (oil palm frond, sugarcane bagasse and corn stover) were used to extract xylan by using various alkaline and acidic solvents. From the analysis of the composition of oil palm fronds, it was found that oil palm frond contains (%) 30.8 ± 0.4 glucan, 19.3 ± 0.3 xylan and 18.4± 0.8 lignin. The percentage of extraction of xylan with sodium hydroxide is higher than sulfuric acid and dimethyl sulfoxide. Xylan extracted with dimethyl sulfoxide contains acetyl qualifiers and is suitable for producing carboxymethyl xylan. For xylan deposition, the use of a high concentration of ethanol gave a high xylan precipitation. Finally, the film with sorbitol as a plasticizing material showed low water absorption and high tensile strength of 4,855 gs-1m-1 Pa and 26 Mpa respectively.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"108 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72930705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-26DOI: 10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.729
Nazatul Aziqah Ramli, M. Markom, A. A. I. Luthfi
This study aimed to determine the production of succinic acid by using different nitrogen sources in oil palm frond (OPF) fermentation and the recovery of succinic acid. A comparison between two nitrogen sources, i.e., yeast extract and peptone, was performed and a fermentation solution containing the highest concentration of succinic acid was used to carry out the recovery process. Activated carbon treatment at 4% to 6% (w/w) was performed to determine the best dosage that could be used for the recovery of succinic acid in the fermentation solution. Based on the results obtained, it was found that yeast extract was able to produce a higher concentration of succinic acid at 2.62 g/L with a yield of 1.53 g/g, compared to peptone which afforded a concentration of 1.89 g/L with a yield of 1.10 g/g. It was also found that the dose of 5% (w/w) activated carbon was the best to increase the concentration of succinic acid and adsorb other organic acids. After the activated carbon was fed into the fermentation solution, it was found that the succinic acid content increased from 2.62 g/L to 3.43 g/L with a percentage increase of 24.7%.
{"title":"Production and Recovery of Succinic Acid from Oil Palm Frond (OPF) Fermentation","authors":"Nazatul Aziqah Ramli, M. Markom, A. A. I. Luthfi","doi":"10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.729","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the production of succinic acid by using different nitrogen sources in oil palm frond (OPF) fermentation and the recovery of succinic acid. A comparison between two nitrogen sources, i.e., yeast extract and peptone, was performed and a fermentation solution containing the highest concentration of succinic acid was used to carry out the recovery process. Activated carbon treatment at 4% to 6% (w/w) was performed to determine the best dosage that could be used for the recovery of succinic acid in the fermentation solution. Based on the results obtained, it was found that yeast extract was able to produce a higher concentration of succinic acid at 2.62 g/L with a yield of 1.53 g/g, compared to peptone which afforded a concentration of 1.89 g/L with a yield of 1.10 g/g. It was also found that the dose of 5% (w/w) activated carbon was the best to increase the concentration of succinic acid and adsorb other organic acids. After the activated carbon was fed into the fermentation solution, it was found that the succinic acid content increased from 2.62 g/L to 3.43 g/L with a percentage increase of 24.7%.","PeriodicalId":15132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84379129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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